CN115918455B - One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach - Google Patents
One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115918455B CN115918455B CN202310018918.8A CN202310018918A CN115918455B CN 115918455 B CN115918455 B CN 115918455B CN 202310018918 A CN202310018918 A CN 202310018918A CN 115918455 B CN115918455 B CN 115918455B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- quinoa
- sowing
- harvesting
- months
- spinach
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009356 triple cropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 claims description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 compound monopotassium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CXEGAUYXQAKHKJ-NSBHKLITSA-N emamectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 CXEGAUYXQAKHKJ-NSBHKLITSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 2
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a one-year triple cropping method of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach, which is suitable for planting in a midwifery and downstream obstetric area, wherein firstly, land blocks with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility and convenient field block irrigation and drainage are selected in 3-6 months, and the planting and harvesting of quinoa are completed; then planting and harvesting the fresh soybeans on the land after the quinoa harvest in 7-10 months; and then planting and harvesting spinach on the land after the fresh soybean is harvested in the period from 11 months in the current year to 2 months in the next year. The rotation mode provided by the technical scheme of the invention not only improves the land utilization rate, but also increases the field output and improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a one-year triple-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach.
Background
In the middle and downstream regions of Yangtze river, the joint of stubble-to-stubble crops before and after the spring sowing quinoa is always a prominent problem in production, at present, mainly rice-quinoa is used as a main crop, and an empty field period of about 100 days from the middle and late ten days of 11 months to the bottom of 2 months exists in production, which is contrary to the requirement of improving the land utilization rate at present.
It would be a matter of great skill in the art to provide an improved planting pattern that maximizes the increase in quinoa planting land utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a one-year triple-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach, and the three crops are grown in fields and are in seamless connection, so that the land utilization rate is greatly improved, and the field benefits of peasants are increased.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a one-year triple-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting land with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility, flat field and convenient irrigation and drainage, and finishing the planting and harvesting of quinoa in 3-6 months;
Step two: planting and harvesting of fresh soybeans are completed in 7-10 months on the land after the quinoa is harvested;
Step three: planting and harvesting spinach on the land after harvesting the fresh soybeans in the period from 11 months in the current year to 2 months in the next year.
Preferably, the planting and harvesting of the quinoa in the step one specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.1) fertilization and soil preparation: at the end of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, uniformly scattering 30 kg to 40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer after cleaning the land, turning over and ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm to 25cm, leveling and raking, ditching and ridging, the width of the furrow surface is 2.5 m to 3m, the width of the field furrow is 20cm to 25cm, the depth is 15 cm to 20cm, and meanwhile, drainage ditches around the field are cleaned for later use;
(1.2) sowing: sowing on the prepared land for 3 months, ditching, hole sowing, ditching depth of 2-3 cm, row spacing of 25-35 cm, plant spacing of 15-20 cm, sowing amount of 350-450 g/mu, sowing, covering soil and slightly compacting;
(1.3) field management: watering once and permeating water in the field on the day of sowing or the next day, thinning according to the principle of removing weakness and keeping strength and removing small and keeping big when the seedling height is 8-12 cm, keeping 1-2 plants in each hole, simultaneously cultivating and weeding, applying 15-20 kg/mu of potassium compound fertilizer when the quinoa seedling reaches 8-10 true leaves, and controlling plant diseases and insect pests during the growth period;
(1.4) harvesting in time: in the middle and upper ten days of 6 months, quinoa leaves turn yellow or red gradually, 85-95% of grains are grouted, fully ripened, harvested, threshed, removed impurities, dried in the sun and stored.
Further, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, wherein the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is K=15, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is 15, and the element ratio of the potassium compound fertilizer is N, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is K=16, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is 6, and the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is 20.
Further, the pest control specifically includes: the pests such as noctuid and the like can be prevented and treated by using 800-1000 times of liquid foliar spray of 1.8% emamectin benzoate missible oil in the middle and later growth stages of quinoa; the wettable powder of 75% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid or the wettable powder of 69% enoyl manganese zinc 800 times liquid is sprayed to prevent and treat diseases such as downy mildew.
Preferably, the planting and harvesting of the fresh soybeans in the second step are specifically as follows:
(2.1) soil preparation and fertilization: after the quinoa is harvested, the field blocks are cleaned in time, the ternary compound fertilizer is applied to the soil surface uniformly according to the proportion of 40-50 kg/mu, the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil surface uniformly according to the proportion of 800-1000 kg/mu, and then the soil surface is ploughed in time, the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, and the soil surface is raked for later use;
(2.2) sowing: selecting fresh soybean varieties to be sown in holes, wherein the hole distance is 25-30 cm, the row distance is 30-35 cm, 3 seeds are sown in each hole, 2 plants are reserved in each hole, and the sowing amount is 6-7 kg/mu;
(2.3) field management: spraying 10-15 kg/mu of a ternary compound fertilizer on leaf surfaces of soybeans in a flowering and pod forming period, and after the soybeans are pod formed, spraying the mixed solution of 0.5% of compound monopotassium phosphate and 1% of urea on leaf surfaces for two times at intervals of 7-10 d, wherein pest and disease control is carried out during the growth period;
And (2.4) timely harvesting: picking the beans as clear water to cook food when the beans are enlarged and not changed in color; the pod shell is picked before fiber hardening and seed coat thickening as quick-frozen processed food.
Further, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P and K=15:15:15.
Further, the pest control method comprises the following steps: the disease-resistant variety (such as Tongstia bean No. 6) is selected, and physical prevention and control (such as black light lamp moth-killing) is combined with low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control (such as emamectin benzoate and abamectin foliar spray for preventing and controlling lepidoptera pests).
Preferably, the planting and harvesting of spinach in the third step is specifically:
(3.1) at the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, after the front soybean is harvested, removing residual leaves of field plants in time, applying 1000-1500 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 20 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer, deep turning 25cm, leveling land, ditching and ridging, 2.0m of furrow width, 30cm of furrow width and 25cm of depth, and forming a shallow transverse furrow every 8-10 m, wherein furrows, waist furrows and furrows are communicated;
(3.2) seed treatment: selecting a variety with strong cold resistance, strong winter and late bolting, wherein the purity of the variety is more than 95.0%, the purity is more than 98.0%, the germination rate is more than 80%, soaking seeds in cold water for 12 hours 1d before sowing, washing out mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and taking out and draining for later use;
(3.3) sowing: sowing or drill sowing is adopted, wherein:
① Broadcasting: before sowing, mixing fine soil in the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring, sowing, uniformly sowing seeds with the seed quantity of 4-5 kg/mu, firstly sowing the seeds on the furrow surface, covering the seeds with 1-2 cm of soil, and compacting and watering fully;
② Drill seeding: the ditch depth is 2.0-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the seed amount is 3.5-4 kg/mu, and after sowing, the furrow surface is raked, compacted and watered fully;
(3.4) field management: watering after sowing for 2-3 d, wherein 2-3 true leaf time seedlings grow out, the plant spacing is preferably 3-5 cm, and 3-4 true leaf time seedlings are watered, the first topdressing is carried out after the seedlings are thinned, and the watering is carried out in time after the fertilization, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
Diluting urea into urea solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.0%, and topdressing or broadcasting urea with water for 12-15 kg/mu; applying additional fertilizer for the second time 2 weeks before harvesting, broadcasting according to urea at 15-20 kg/mu, and then watering for pest control during the period;
and (3.5) timely harvesting: and after the leaf period is as long as 6 leaves, harvesting for multiple times or once according to the requirements on a sunny day.
Further, the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer is N, P and K=15:15:15.
Further, the pest control specifically includes: selecting disease-resistant varieties (such as circles She Bo), and combining physical prevention and control (such as yellow plate aphid attraction or silver gray film aphid avoidance) with low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control (such as spray prevention and control of downy mildew by using 500 times of 58% Redomide liquid or 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil liquid).
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a one-year triple cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach, which has the following beneficial effects:
In the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze river, the front-rear crop rotation of the spring sowing quinoa is always a prominent problem in production, and the technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for a rotation mode of the quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach crop rotation in the middle and downstream regions of the Yangtze river, so that the land utilization rate is improved, the field output is increased, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Step one: planting and harvesting of 3-6 month quinoa
(1.1) Fertilization and soil preparation: the method comprises the steps of selecting a land block with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility, flat field and convenient drainage and irrigation, wherein the land block is not suitable for continuous cropping, the previous crop is suitable for gramineae, leguminous and cucurbitaceae crops, the land block is cleaned up at the beginning of 2 months to 3 months, a ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15) is adopted, according to the field fertility condition, 30-40 kg/mu is adopted, then the tillage is carried out, the tillage depth is 20-25 cm, the fine harrows are leveled, furrows are made, the furrow surface width is 2.5-3 m, the field furrow width is 20-25 cm, the depth is 15-20 cm, and drainage ditches around the good field are cleaned for later use;
(1.2) sowing: sowing on the prepared land for 3 months, ditching, hole sowing, ditching depth of 2-3 cm, row spacing of 25-35 cm, plant spacing of 15-20 cm, sowing amount of 350-450 g/mu, sowing, covering soil and slightly compacting;
(1.3) field management: the quinoa is drought-resistant and stain-resistant, the convenience of field irrigation and drainage must be ensured, the quinoa is sowed and covered on the day or the next day, water is irrigated once in the field, normal emergence of quinoa is ensured, when the seedlings are 8-12 cm high, 1-2 plants are protected per hole by thinning according to the principle of removing weakness and keeping strength and removing small and keeping big, meanwhile, weeding is carried out in a intertillage mode, as the requirement of quinoa on potassium element is high, when the quinoa seedlings reach 8-10 true leaves, 15-20 kg/mu of potassium compound fertilizer (16:6:20) is applied, and pest control is carried out during the growth period;
in pest control:
the quinoa is extremely few in plant diseases and insect pests in the early growth stage, and almost no control is needed. The quinoa can be damaged by downy mildew, noctuid and other diseases and insects in the middle and later growth stages, the disease prevention can be realized by spraying 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800 times of 69% enoyl manganese zinc wettable powder, and the insect control can be realized by spraying 800-1000 times of 1.8% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate on leaf surfaces.
(1.4) Harvesting in time: in the middle and upper ten days of 6 months, quinoa leaves turn yellow or red gradually, 85-95% of grains are grouted, fully ripened, harvested, threshed, removed impurities, dried in the sun and stored.
Step two: planting and harvesting fresh soybeans for 7-10 months:
(2.1) soil preparation and fertilization: after the quinoa is harvested, the field blocks are cleaned in time, the ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15) is applied to the soil surface uniformly according to the proportion of 40-50 kg/mu, the organic fertilizer is turned over in time after being applied to the soil surface uniformly according to the proportion of 800-1000 kg/mu, the turning over depth is 25-30 cm, and the soil surface is raked up for later use;
(2.2) sowing: selecting fresh soybean varieties which are good in stress resistance, good in high yield and fragrant and glutinous in taste after boiling with clear water, sowing 3 seeds in each hole in a hole sowing mode, wherein the hole distance is 25-30 cm, the row distance is 30-35 cm, the seedling remaining amount is 2 plants, and the sowing amount is 6-7 kg/mu;
(2.3) field management: 10-15 kg/mu of a ternary compound fertilizer is applied after the soybean is flowering and pod bearing, the mixed solution of 0.5% of composite monopotassium phosphate and 1% of urea is sprayed on the leaf surface twice at intervals of 7-10 d to prevent the flower and pod from falling, the pod is big and full, and the disease and pest control is carried out during the growth period;
The specific principle of pest control is as follows:
The principle of green prevention and control and scientific prevention and control should be maintained in the process of medication, physical prevention and control or biological prevention and control are adopted as much as possible, chemical agents are needed to be used for prevention and control, and low-toxicity, high-efficiency and low-residue agents are also selected as the principle. The farmland ecological system is taken as a whole, and green prevention and control technologies such as ecological regulation, biological control, physical control and the like are applied. When the pesticide is used, the pesticide with low toxicity, low residue, broad spectrum and high efficiency is selected. The agricultural control mainly refers to selecting disease-resistant fine varieties, cultivating strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests and the like; the physical method mainly comprises the steps of trapping and killing different types of pests by adopting a black light lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a pest sticking plate and the like; biological control mainly refers to control of plant diseases and insect pests by utilizing microorganisms and natural enemy insects; chemical control mainly comprises the control of crop diseases and insect pests by using chemical pesticides and bactericides, but a safe interval is ensured.
And (2.4) timely harvesting: picking the beans as clear water to cook food when the beans are enlarged and not changed in color; the pod is picked before hardening the pod fiber and thickening the seed coat to be used as quick-frozen processed food, namely, the pod is properly picked in advance when the color of the pod is fresh green, which is beneficial to ensuring the taste and the quality.
Step three: planting and harvesting spinach from 11 months of the current year to 2 months of the next year
(3.1) After the soybean is harvested at the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, cleaning the residual leaves of the field plants in time, applying 1000-1500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure and 20 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15), deep-ploughing for 25cm, leveling the land, ditching and ridging, and forming a shallow transverse ditch with the width of 2.0m, the ditch width of 30cm and the depth of 25cm and a ditch communication among the ditches, the waist ditches and the surrounding ditches at intervals of 8-10 m;
(3.2) seed treatment: selecting a variety with strong cold resistance, strong winter and late bolting, wherein the purity of the variety is more than 95.0%, the purity is more than 98.0%, the germination rate is more than 80%, the outside of spinach seeds is provided with a leather peel, in order to improve the germination rate, 1d before sowing, the seeds are soaked in cold water for 12h, then the mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds is washed off, and the seeds are fished out and drained for later use;
(3.3) sowing: sowing by broadcasting or drill sowing; during sowing, fine soil is doped in seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:2 before sowing, sowing is carried out after uniform stirring, the seed amount is 4-5 kg/mu, the seeds are uniformly sowed on the furrow surface, and then the seeds are covered with 1-2 cm of soil and compacted to water; during drill sowing, the furrow depth is 2.0-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the seed amount is 3.5-4 kg/mu, and after sowing, the furrow surface is raked, compacted and watered fully;
(3.4) field management: the spinach root system is shallow and is distributed in soil layers with more than 30cm, the water and fertilizer requirements in the growing period are high, the seedlings are watered after being sown for 2-3 d, 2-3 true leaf time seedlings grow, the thinning requirements are closely protected, the seedlings are removed, the seedlings are weak and are kept strong, the plant spacing is 3-5 cm, the seedlings are watered when 3-4 true leaves are formed, the first topdressing is carried out after thinning, the watering is carried out in time after fertilization, and particularly urea is diluted into urea solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.0% and the urea solution is topdressed or broadcast with the water for 12-15 kg/mu; applying additional fertilizer for the second time 2 weeks before harvesting, broadcasting according to urea at 15-20 kg/mu, and then watering for pest control during the period;
The specific principle of pest control is as follows:
The spinach is used as leaf vegetables, the principles of green prevention and control and scientific prevention and control are strictly adhered to in the pest and disease control process, physical prevention and control or biological prevention and control are adopted as much as possible, chemical agents are needed to be used for prevention and control, low-toxicity, high-efficiency and low-residue agents are also selected as principles, a farmland ecological system is used as a whole, and green prevention and control technologies such as ecological regulation and control, biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and scientific medication are applied. The pesticide has low toxicity, low residue, broad spectrum and high efficiency. The agricultural control mainly refers to selecting disease-resistant fine varieties, cultivating strong seedlings without diseases and insect pests and the like; the physical method mainly comprises the steps of trapping and killing different types of pests by adopting a black light lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a pest sticking plate and the like; biological control mainly refers to control of plant diseases and insect pests by utilizing microorganisms and natural enemy insects; chemical control mainly comprises the control of spinach diseases and insect pests by using chemical pesticides and bactericides, but a safe interval is ensured.
And (3.5) timely harvesting: spinach is a green leaf vegetable which can be harvested for multiple times in batches, and after the spinach grows to 6 leaf periods, the spinach can be harvested for multiple times or once according to growth conditions, market conditions and requirements for rotation. In order to ensure the cleanness of spinach, the batch harvesting is recommended to be carried out on sunny days, and the batch harvesting is recommended to be carried out on a large scale and a small scale each time, so that the spinach left in the field is uniformly distributed due to the dense and thin space, and the spinach is favorable for fully distributing the spinach and improving the yield.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The one-year triple-cropping rotation method of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: selecting a land block with sufficient illumination, moderate fertility, flat field and convenient irrigation and drainage in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, and finishing the planting and harvesting of quinoa in the period of 3-6 months;
Step two: planting and harvesting of fresh soybeans are completed in 7-10 months on the land after the quinoa is harvested;
Step three: planting and harvesting spinach on the land after harvesting the fresh soybeans in the period from 11 months in the current year to 2 months in the next year;
Step one, planting and harvesting quinoa:
(1.1) fertilization and soil preparation: at the end of 2 months to the beginning of 3 months, uniformly scattering 30 kg to 40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer after cleaning the land, turning over and ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm to 25cm, leveling and raking, ditching and ridging, the width of the furrow surface is 2.5 m to 3m, the width of the field furrow is 20cm to 25cm, the depth is 15 cm to 20cm, and meanwhile, drainage ditches around the field are cleaned for later use;
(1.2) sowing: sowing on the prepared land for 3 months, ditching, hole sowing, ditching depth of 2-3 cm, row spacing of 25-35 cm, plant spacing of 15-20 cm, sowing amount of 350-450 g/mu, sowing, covering soil and slightly compacting;
(1.3) field management: on the day of sowing or the next day, watering in the field once and permeating water, when the seedling height is 8-12 cm, thinning to ensure that each hole keeps 1-2 plants, simultaneously intertillage and weeding are carried out, when the quinoa seedling reaches 8-10 true leaves, applying 15-20 kg/mu of potassium compound fertilizer, and carrying out pest control during the growth period;
(1.4) harvesting in time: in the middle and upper ten days of 6 months, quinoa leaves turn yellow or red gradually, 85-95% of grains are fully ripe after grouting, harvesting, threshing, removing impurities, sun-drying and storing;
planting and harvesting fresh soybeans, wherein the planting and harvesting of the fresh soybeans are as follows:
(2.1) soil preparation and fertilization: after harvesting the previous crop of quinoa, cleaning the field in time, uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer according to 40-50 kg/mu and the organic fertilizer according to 800-1000 kg/mu on the soil surface, and then turning over the field in time, wherein the turning over depth is 25-30 cm, and raking for later use;
(2.2) sowing: selecting fresh soybean varieties to be sown in holes, wherein the hole distance is 25-30 cm, the row distance is 30-35 cm, 3 seeds are sown in each hole, 2 plants are reserved in each hole, and the sowing amount is 6-7 kg/mu;
(2.3) field management: spraying 10-15 kg/mu of a ternary compound fertilizer on leaf surfaces of soybeans in a flowering and pod forming period, and after the soybeans are pod formed, spraying the mixed solution of 0.5% of compound monopotassium phosphate and 1% of urea on leaf surfaces for two times at intervals of 7-10 d, wherein pest and disease control is carried out during the growth period;
and (2.4) timely harvesting: picking the beans as clear water to cook food when the beans are enlarged and not changed in color; picking before hardening pod shell fiber and thickening seed coat to be used as quick-frozen processed food;
Planting and harvesting spinach in the third step:
(3.1) at the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, after the front soybean is harvested, removing residual leaves of field plants in time, applying 1000-1500 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 20 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer, deep turning 25cm, leveling land, ditching and ridging, 2.0m of furrow width, 30cm of furrow width and 25cm of depth, and forming a shallow transverse furrow every 8-10 m, wherein furrows, waist furrows and furrows are communicated;
(3.2) seed treatment: selecting a variety with strong cold resistance, strong winter and late bolting, wherein the purity of the variety is more than 95.0%, the purity is more than 98.0%, the germination rate is more than 80%, soaking seeds in cold water for 12 hours 1d before sowing, washing out mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and taking out and draining for later use;
(3.3) sowing: sowing or drill sowing is adopted, wherein:
① Broadcasting: before sowing, mixing fine soil in the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:2, uniformly stirring, sowing, uniformly sowing seeds with the seed quantity of 4-5 kg/mu, firstly sowing the seeds on the furrow surface, covering the seeds with 1-2 cm of soil, and compacting and watering fully;
② Drill seeding: the ditch depth is 2.0-2.5 cm, the row spacing is 12-15 cm, the seed amount is 3.5-4 kg/mu, and after sowing, the furrow surface is raked, compacted and watered fully;
(3.4) field management: watering after sowing for 2-3 d, wherein 2-3 true leaves are grown on seedlings, the seedlings are watered at a plant spacing of 3-5 cm and 3-4 true leaves, the first topdressing is carried out after the seedlings are watered, and the watering is carried out in time after the fertilization, and the specific method is as follows:
diluting urea into urea solution with the concentration of 0.5-1.0%, and topdressing or broadcasting urea with water for 12-15 kg/mu; applying additional fertilizer for the second time 2 weeks before harvesting, broadcasting urea according to 15-20 kg/mu, and then watering, and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the period;
and (3.5) timely harvesting: and after the leaf period is as long as 6 leaves, harvesting for multiple times or once according to the requirements on a sunny day.
2. The method for one-year triple cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach according to claim 1, wherein the ternary compound fertilizer element ratio N is P: k=15:15:15, and the potassium compound fertilizer element ratio N is P: k=16:6:20.
3. The method for one-year triple-cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach according to claim 1, wherein the pest control of quinoa is specifically: spraying 800-1000 times of liquid foliar of 1.8% emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate on the middle and late stages of quinoa growth; spraying 500 times of liquid with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800 times of liquid with 69% enoyl manganese zinc wettable powder.
4. The method for one-year triple cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach according to claim 1, wherein the element ratio of the ternary compound fertilizer to the element of the ternary compound fertilizer is n:p:k=15:15:15 during planting of the fresh soybean.
5. The method for one-year triple-cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for pest control of fresh soybean comprises: the disease-resistant variety is selected, and physical prevention and control are combined with low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control.
6. The method for one-year triple cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach according to claim 1, wherein the element ratio of the three-element compound fertilizer to the element ratio of N to P to K=15 to 15 is N.
7. The method for one-year triple-cropping of quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control of spinach is specifically: the disease-resistant variety is selected, and physical prevention and control are combined with low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticide chemical prevention and control.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310018918.8A CN115918455B (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310018918.8A CN115918455B (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115918455A CN115918455A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
| CN115918455B true CN115918455B (en) | 2024-07-02 |
Family
ID=86656099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310018918.8A Active CN115918455B (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115918455B (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108307964A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-07-24 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | A kind of fine cultivating soil modification method in ginseng farmland |
| CN111990192A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-11-27 | 静乐县农业技术推广中心 | Quinoa dry land ditching and ridging planting method |
-
2023
- 2023-01-06 CN CN202310018918.8A patent/CN115918455B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 胶东地区藜麦轻简化栽培技术;师长海;刘家斌;张洪生;林琪;;耕作与栽培;20200229;第40卷(第1期);48-50 * |
| 花椰菜—夏毛豆—秋冬菠菜一年三熟有机栽培技术;张春生;张树正;王秋红;;现代农业科技;20091031(第20期);148、159 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115918455A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101129123A (en) | Cold resistant high-production synthetic method for planting rice | |
| CN102326486A (en) | Planting technology of purple sweet potatoes | |
| CN108541542B (en) | Light-simplified high-yield high-efficiency planting mode for cotton field | |
| CN110786217A (en) | Efficient cultivation technology for mechanically harvesting upland cotton in early and middle maturity of southern Xinjiang | |
| CN109964761B (en) | Ecological efficient planting and cultivating method for chenopodium quinoa in saline-alkali soil | |
| CN110463537A (en) | A kind of wheat green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method | |
| CN106576727A (en) | Pollution-free sunflower culture method | |
| CN110915594A (en) | Planting method of black peanuts | |
| CN1509590A (en) | Soybean cultivating method with high yield | |
| CN105027884A (en) | Light and simplified cultivation method for oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN106613210B (en) | High-yield interplanting cultivation method for Chinese yams and spring loofahs | |
| CN113243260A (en) | Cultivation method for mixed culture of purple perilla and konjak | |
| CN110476739B (en) | Method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan province | |
| CN108293565A (en) | The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit | |
| CN101095395A (en) | Non-pollution planting method of spring pea bean | |
| CN111990192A (en) | Quinoa dry land ditching and ridging planting method | |
| CN110692459A (en) | Planting method of ginseng fruit | |
| CN106386042A (en) | Corn planting method | |
| CN110547156A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for tomatoes | |
| CN115918455B (en) | One-year triple-cropping rotation method for quinoa-fresh soybean-spinach | |
| CN108271636A (en) | A kind of coarse cereals implantation methods | |
| CN110384024B (en) | Method for cultivating forage maize | |
| CN113243273A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting peanuts with sugarcane | |
| CN112753506A (en) | Simple rice cultivation method by feeding water after sowing | |
| CN111727828A (en) | Dry land no-tillage multiple cropping millet cultivation technology |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |