CN111567176A - Saline-alkali soil greening improvement method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil greening improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil greening improvement method, belonging to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and the technical scheme is characterized in that the improvement method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply digging soil on the saline-alkali ground surface, and airing for 2-3 days; (2) burying a bottom salt discharge pipe in the saline-alkali soil, wherein one end of the bottom salt discharge pipe is sealed, and the other end of the bottom salt discharge pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well; (3) laying a chemical improved soil layer with the thickness of 50-60cm above the bottom salt discharge pipe; (4) an upper-layer salt discharge pipe is buried above the chemically improved soil layer, one end of the upper-layer salt discharge pipe is sealed, the other end of the upper-layer salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collecting pipe perpendicular to the upper-layer salt discharge pipe, one end of the water collecting pipe is sealed, and the other end of the water collecting pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well; (5) an upper salt isolation layer with the thickness of 20-30cm is paved above the upper salt discharge pipe; (6) an improved passenger soil layer with the thickness of 15-25cm is paved above the salt isolation layer, so that the effects of improving permeability, preventing capillary water from rising and reducing salt accumulation are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil greening improvement method.
Background
At present, salinization of land is a worldwide problem faced by human beings, and saline-alkali land is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that salt contained in soil influences normal growth of crops. China has a large area of salinized land which is mainly distributed in North China plains, northeast plains, inland regions in the northwest and coastal regions, and the survival rate of plants planted in the salinized soil is generally very low, so the development of agriculture and forestry in China is seriously influenced.
The prior patent with reference to publication No. CN106171104A discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by applying desulfurized gypsum in flat deep ploughing, which comprises the following steps: s1, improving the proportion of the materials; s2, treating the surface soil of the saline-alkali soil; s3, laying the improved material on the saline-alkali land with the surface soil removed; s4 deep ploughing; s5 mixing the surface soil and the improved material; s6 irrigation.
The soil to the different degree of depth adopts different processing methods among the above-mentioned prior art, but because during the salt content can rise reentrant topsoil along the soil capillary in the saline-alkali soil, after a period of time, lead to topsoil salinization once more to lead to saline-alkali soil afforestation improvement cost to increase.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil greening improvement method, which achieves the effects of improving permeability, blocking capillary water from rising and reducing salt accumulation.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:
(1) deeply digging soil on the saline-alkali ground surface, and airing for 2-3 days;
(2) burying a bottom salt discharge pipe in the saline-alkali soil, wherein one end of the bottom salt discharge pipe is sealed, and the other end of the bottom salt discharge pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well;
(3) laying a chemical improved soil layer with the thickness of 50-60cm above the bottom salt discharge pipe;
(4) an upper-layer salt discharge pipe is buried above the chemically improved soil layer, one end of the upper-layer salt discharge pipe is sealed, the other end of the upper-layer salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collecting pipe perpendicular to the upper-layer salt discharge pipe, one end of the water collecting pipe is sealed, and the other end of the water collecting pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well;
(5) an upper salt isolation layer with the thickness of 20-30cm is paved above the upper salt discharge pipe;
(6) and paving an improved passenger soil layer with the thickness of 15-25cm above the salt isolation layer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, dig the back deeply with saline-alkali soil, bury the bottom in the bottom and arrange salt pipe after, water the back to ground, in some entering upper strata salt pipe of the in-process that the salt solution oozed downwards, then reentrant water-collecting pipe, in the reentrant salt well, in the in-process that another some salt solution continued to ooze downwards gets into the bottom salt pipe, the salt solution that gets into in the bottom salt pipe flows into in arranging the salt well, collects. And the chemical improvement soil horizon of bottom salt discharging pipe top not only can play certain effect of separating the salt, can improve the quality of saline-alkali soil simultaneously, improves the infiltration rate of saline-alkali soil to guarantee that salt solution can fully permeate in the salt discharging pipe of bottom, improve the efficiency of salt discharging.
The upper salt isolation layer is matched with the improved soil layer, so that the growth of plants can be ensured, the water permeability of soil can be improved, and the salt discharge efficiency is improved.
The salt removing device is further provided with water seepage holes on the bottom salt removing pipe and the upper salt removing pipe, and the non-woven fabric layers are coated on the bottom salt removing pipe and the upper salt removing pipe.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, salt pipe, upper strata are arranged to the bottom and are arranged the setting on non-woven fabrics layer on the salt pipe, guarantee that salt solution can get into in the salt pipe, also can not make earth block up the infiltration hole simultaneously to guarantee the efficiency of arranging salt.
The invention is further provided with a lower salt isolation layer laid between the bottom salt discharge pipe and the chemically improved soil layer, and the thickness of the lower salt isolation layer is 10-30 cm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the salt layer setting of separating down when arranging between salt pipe and the chemical improvement soil horizon in the bottom, when the salinity upward movement of soil bottom, the setting on salt layer is separated down, plays effectual barrier effect to the salt that upwards permeates, effectively reduces the salinity of upwards diffusing to the reduction gets into the intraformational salinity of chemical improvement soil, thereby can prevent effectively that soil secondary salinization improves the efficiency of arranging the salt.
The invention is further arranged in that a horizontal watering pipe is embedded in the chemically improved soil layer, the outer wall of the horizontal watering pipe is provided with a water seepage hole, the horizontal watering pipe is communicated with a vertical watering pipe, and the vertical watering pipe extends to the ground.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because salt will be along with water to go along with water, after the moisture on soil top layer is evaporated gradually, the water of soil bottom can upwards give plant roots water supply, thereby can make the salinity in the soil also can the upward movement, and this application is at the in-process of arranging salt, the cooperation of the horizontal watering pipe buried underground and the vertical watering pipe of intercommunication with it is used in chemical improvement soil layer, can regularly water to vertical watering intraductally, rivers go into to set up behind the horizontal watering pipe and ooze, and the water and the salt that permeate chemical improvement soil layer combine, make salt solution begin to permeate down and get into in the bottom row salt pipe, thereby discharge the intraformational salt of chemical improvement soil once more that will permeate, thereby hinder the salt to get into surface soil along with the soil capillary, improve soil salt discharge rate.
The invention is further configured that the chemical fertilizer in the chemical improved soil layer comprises 0.1-0.3kg/m of desulfurized gypsum20.3-0.8kg/m of furfural residue2And biological fertilizer 0.4-1.0kg/m2。
By adopting the technical scheme, calcium ions generated by dissolving the desulfurized gypsum can replace exchangeable sodium ions in soil colloid, and the replaced sodium salts are leached from the soil in the watering process, so that the pH value is reduced, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved; the furfural residues are leftovers in the processing of agricultural and sideline products, and are acidic, so that the furfural residues can harm the atmosphere, soil and rivers after being accumulated for a long time, and when the furfural residues are used for chemically improving a soil layer, the alkalinity in saline-alkali soil can be effectively neutralized, the alkali content of the soil is reduced, the pH value of the soil is close to neutral, and the growth of plants is facilitated; the biological fertilizer is also called as organic fertilizer, organic matters in the biological fertilizer can be activated by calcium adsorbed by soil by organic acid generated by microbial decomposition, and the replacement effect on the soil adsorbability is enhanced, so that desalination and dealkalization are realized, and the salt content and pH value of the soil are reduced.
When the salt in the bottom soil upwards diffuses into the chemically improved soil layer, the desulfurization gypsum, the furfural residue and the biological fertilizer are matched for use, the reaction with salt can be realized, the alkalinity of the chemically improved soil layer is reduced, but when the salt upwards diffuses to a large amount, due to the matched use of the horizontal watering pipe and the vertical watering pipe, the salt below the horizontal watering pipe can be leached, the salt water permeates into the bottom salt discharge pipe, the further salt discharge effect is realized, and meanwhile, after the water in the horizontal watering pipe seeps out, the activities of the residual desulfurization gypsum, the furfural residue and the biological fertilizer in the chemically improved soil layer can be further activated, the long-term effects of the desulfurization gypsum, the furfural residue and the biological fertilizer are ensured, the salt discharge efficiency of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and the salt discharge cost is reduced.
The invention is further provided that the chemical fertilizer in the chemically improved soil layer also comprises 0.4-1.2kg/m of fulvic acid2。
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the addition of fulvic acid can change the composition of soil colloid adsorptivity cation, improves the structure of soil, can prevent to return alkali, still helps adjusting soil pH valve simultaneously, improves the soil state, uses fulvic acid and desulfurization gypsum, furfural residue and bio-fertilizer's cooperation, can follow the soil bottom and improve the soil structure, prevents soil salinization many times, improves salt discharging efficiency.
The invention is further provided that the upper salt isolation layer sequentially comprises straw powder, crushed grass, perlite and gravel from bottom to top.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the straw powder and the crushed grass are arranged at the lowest part, the straw powder and the crushed grass have the functions of increasing the soil moisture content and fattening, so that the nutrition and moisture required by the growth of plants can be ensured. The granule of gravel is greater than the granule of pearlite, when placing gravel in the top of pearlite, can make to form more spaces in the soil, helps the downward quick downward diffusion of moisture of top to arrange the salt in the upper strata fast with the salt in the surface soil in and arrange the salt pipe, with the below back of pearlite setting simultaneously, can also guarantee the moisture that contains in the soil, thereby guarantee the normal growth of plant.
The invention is further provided that the lower salt-separating layer is sequentially solid polyacrylic acid, zeolite and slag from bottom to top.
By adopting the technical scheme, the solid polyacrylic acid is mainly a substance with lower molecular weight ratio, and can react with alkaline substances to reduce salt return rate, the zeolite has strong adsorption capacity and ion exchange capacity, and after the zeolite, the polyacrylic acid and the furnace slag are used in a matching manner, underground salt content can be effectively prevented from rising, so that the salt discharge rate is improved.
The improved soil dressing layer comprises soil dressing, mountain skin sand, grass peat and cow dung, and the volume ratio of the sum of the volumes of the mountain skin sand, the grass peat and the cow dung to the soil dressing is 0.8-1.2: 1.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the mixture of foreign soil, mountain skin sand, grass peat and cow dung can make the foreign soil carry, improves the survival rate of plant, and the organic matter that contains in the cow dung provides nutrition for the growth of plant simultaneously.
The invention is further arranged in such a way that a layer of plastic film is laid below the bottom salt discharge pipe, and the thickness of the plastic film (11) is 5-10 mm.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, lay the plastic film back in the below of bottom salt discharge pipe, the plastic film can reduce the rising of saline and alkaline ion and moisture to reduce the probability of topsoil secondary salinization, improve the efficiency of salt discharge.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bottom salt discharge pipe is matched with the last salt discharge pipe for use, so that salt close to the surface layer of the soil can be discharged into the salt discharge well, salt water diffused to the lower part of the upper salt discharge pipe along with water can be discharged into the bottom salt discharge pipe, and then the salt water is discharged into the salt discharge well again, the original salt content in the soil is reduced, the salt content diffused to the surface layer of the soil along with water is effectively reduced, and the salt discharge efficiency is improved;
2. horizontal watering pipe and vertical watering pipe's cooperation is used, can arrange the bottom salt discharge pipe once more with diffusing the intraformational salinity of chemistry improvement soil to it is subaerial to reduce the intraformational salinity of underground soil to diffuse once more, improves salt discharge efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for showing the structure of the salt discharge pipe and the water collection pipe.
Reference numerals: 1. a bottom salt discharge pipe; 11. a plastic film; 2. a water collection pipe; 21. a salt draining well; 3. chemically improving the soil layer; 4. an upper salt discharge pipe; 5. an upper salt isolation layer; 6. improving the passenger soil layer; 7. a water seepage hole; 8. a non-woven fabric layer; 9. a lower salt-separating layer; 10. a horizontal watering pipe; 101. a vertical watering pipe; .
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Some of the starting material sources in the following examples and comparative examples:
the biological fertilizer is purchased from Shandong Senbo Biotech limited;
the furfural residue was purchased from Handan City adjuvant materials GmbH;
desulfurized gypsum was purchased from Shijiazhuanzhao Kun mineral products, Inc.;
fulvic acid was purchased from epi-source fertilizer limited, hozhou;
polyacrylic acid was purchased from Henan Hongkai chemical products, Inc.
Example 1
A method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply digging soil on the saline-alkali ground surface, and airing for 2 days;
(2) a bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is buried in the saline-alkali soil, a plurality of water seepage holes 7 are formed in the circumferential surface of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1, a non-woven fabric layer 8 is wrapped on the outer wall of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1, one end of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is sealed, the other end of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is communicated with a water collection pipe 2 perpendicular to the bottom salt discharge pipe, and the other end of the water collection pipe 2 is communicated with a salt discharge well 21; when the device is arranged, the salt discharge pipe inclines towards the direction of the water collecting pipe 2, and the water collecting pipe 2 inclines towards the direction of the salt discharge well 21;
(3) paving a chemical improved soil layer 3 with the thickness of 50cm above the bottom salt discharge pipe 1; chemical fertilizer in the soil layer for improving the soil comprises 0.1kg/m of desulfurized gypsum20.8kg/m of furfural residue2And 1.0kg/m of biological fertilizer2；
(4) An upper salt discharge pipe 4 is buried above the chemically improved soil layer 3, a water seepage hole 7 is formed in the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe 4, a non-woven fabric layer 8 is wrapped on the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe 4, one end of the upper salt discharge pipe 4 is sealed, the other end of the upper salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collection pipe 2 perpendicular to the upper salt discharge pipe, one end of the water collection pipe 2 is sealed, and the other end of the water collection pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well 21; when the device is arranged, the salt discharge pipe inclines towards the direction of the water collecting pipe 2, and the water collecting pipe 2 inclines towards the direction of the salt discharge well 21;
(5) an upper salt isolation layer 5 with the thickness of 20cm is paved above the upper salt discharge pipe 4; the upper salt isolation layer 5 comprises straw powder, crushed grass, perlite and gravel in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the thickness of the straw powder is 6cm, the thickness of the crushed grass is 6cm, the thickness of the perlite is 5cm, and the thickness of the gravel is 3 cm;
(6) an improved passenger soil layer 6 with the thickness of 15cm is paved above the salt isolation layer, the improved passenger soil layer 6 comprises passenger soil, mountain skin sand, grass peat and cow dung, and the volume ratio of the sum of the volumes of the mountain skin sand, the grass peat and the cow dung to the passenger soil is 0.8: 1.
Example 2
A method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply digging soil on the saline-alkali ground surface, and airing for 2 days;
(2) a bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is buried in the saline-alkali soil, a plurality of water seepage holes 7 are formed in the circumferential surface of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1, a non-woven fabric layer 8 is wrapped on the outer wall of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1, one end of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is sealed, the other end of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is communicated with a water collection pipe 2 perpendicular to the bottom salt discharge pipe, and the other end of the water collection pipe 2 is communicated with a salt discharge well 21; when the device is arranged, the salt discharge pipe inclines towards the direction of the water collecting pipe 2, and the water collecting pipe 2 inclines towards the direction of the salt discharge well 21;
(3) paving a chemical improved soil layer 3 with the thickness of 55cm above the bottom salt discharge pipe 1; chemical fertilizer in the soil layer for improving the soil comprises 0.2kg/m of desulfurized gypsum20.6kg/m of furfural residue2And 0.8kg/m of biological fertilizer2；
(4) An upper salt discharge pipe 4 is buried above the chemically improved soil layer 3, a water seepage hole 7 is formed in the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe 4, a non-woven fabric layer 8 is wrapped on the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe 4, one end of the upper salt discharge pipe 4 is sealed, the other end of the upper salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collection pipe 2 perpendicular to the upper salt discharge pipe, one end of the water collection pipe 2 is sealed, and the other end of the water collection pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well 21; when the device is arranged, the salt discharge pipe inclines towards the direction of the water collecting pipe 2, and the water collecting pipe 2 inclines towards the direction of the salt discharge well 21;
(5) an upper salt isolation layer 5 with the thickness of 25cm is paved above the upper salt discharge pipe 4; the upper salt isolation layer 5 comprises straw powder, crushed grass, perlite and gravel in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the thickness of the straw powder is 8cm, the thickness of the crushed grass is 7cm, the thickness of the perlite is 6cm, and the thickness of the gravel is 4 cm;
(6) and paving an improved passenger soil layer 6 with the thickness of 20cm above the salt isolation layer, wherein the improved passenger soil layer 6 comprises passenger soil, mountain skin sand, grass peat and cow dung, and the volume ratio of the sum of the volumes of the mountain skin sand, the grass peat and the cow dung to the passenger soil is 1: 1.
Example 3
A method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) deeply digging soil on the saline-alkali ground surface, and airing for 3 days;
(2) a bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is buried in the saline-alkali soil, a plurality of water seepage holes 7 are formed in the circumferential surface of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1, a non-woven fabric layer 8 is wrapped on the outer wall of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1, one end of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is sealed, the other end of the bottom salt discharge pipe 1 is communicated with a water collection pipe 2 perpendicular to the bottom salt discharge pipe, and the other end of the water collection pipe 2 is communicated with a salt discharge well 21; when the device is arranged, the salt discharge pipe inclines towards the direction of the water collecting pipe 2, and the water collecting pipe 2 inclines towards the direction of the salt discharge well 21;
(3) paving a chemical improved soil layer 3 with the thickness of 60cm above the bottom salt discharge pipe 1; chemical fertilizer including soil removal in soil layers0.3kg/m of sulfur gypsum20.3kg/m of furfural residue2And 0.4kg/m of biological fertilizer2；
(4) An upper salt discharge pipe 4 is buried above the chemically improved soil layer 3, a water seepage hole 7 is formed in the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe 4, a non-woven fabric layer 8 is wrapped on the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe 4, one end of the upper salt discharge pipe 4 is sealed, the other end of the upper salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collection pipe 2 perpendicular to the upper salt discharge pipe, one end of the water collection pipe 2 is sealed, and the other end of the water collection pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well 21; when the device is arranged, the salt discharge pipe inclines towards the direction of the water collecting pipe 2, and the water collecting pipe 2 inclines towards the direction of the salt discharge well 21;
(5) an upper salt isolation layer 5 with the thickness of 30cm is paved above the upper salt discharge pipe 4; the upper salt isolation layer 5 comprises straw powder, crushed grass, perlite and gravel in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the thickness of the straw powder is 10cm, the thickness of the crushed grass is 8cm, the thickness of the perlite is 7cm, and the thickness of the gravel is 5 cm;
(6) an improved passenger soil layer 6 with the thickness of 25cm is paved above the salt isolation layer, the improved passenger soil layer 6 comprises passenger soil, mountain skin sand, grass peat and cow dung, and the volume ratio of the sum of the volumes of the mountain skin sand, the grass peat and the cow dung to the passenger soil is 1.2: 1.
Example 4
A saline-alkali soil greening and improving method is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that a lower salt isolation layer 9 with the thickness of 10cm is laid between a bottom salt discharge pipe 1 and a chemically improved soil layer 3, the lower salt isolation layer 9 sequentially comprises solid polyacrylic acid, zeolite and slag from bottom to top, the thickness of the polyacrylic acid is 1cm, the thickness of the zeolite is 4cm, and the thickness of the slag is 5 cm.
Example 5
A saline-alkali soil greening and improving method is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that a lower salt isolation layer 9 with the thickness of 20cm is laid between a bottom salt discharge pipe 1 and a chemically improved soil layer 3, the lower salt isolation layer 9 sequentially comprises solid polyacrylic acid, zeolite and slag from bottom to top, the thickness of the polyacrylic acid is 5cm, the thickness of the zeolite is 7cm, and the thickness of the slag is 8 cm.
Example 6
A saline-alkali soil greening and improving method is different from the method in the embodiment 2 in that a lower salt isolation layer 9 with the thickness of 30cm is laid between a bottom salt discharge pipe 1 and a chemically improved soil layer 3, the lower salt isolation layer 9 sequentially comprises solid polyacrylic acid, zeolite and slag from bottom to top, the thickness of the polyacrylic acid is 8cm, the thickness of the zeolite is 11cm, and the thickness of the slag is 11 cm.
Example 7
A saline-alkali soil greening improvement method is different from the embodiment 2 in that a horizontal watering pipe 10 is laid inside a chemical improvement soil layer 3, the circumferential surface of the horizontal watering pipe 10 is provided with water seepage holes 7, the outer wall of a sub-horizontal watering pipe 10 is wrapped with a non-disturbing cloth layer, the horizontal watering pipe 10 is communicated with a vertical watering pipe 101 perpendicular to the horizontal watering pipe 10, and the top of the vertical watering pipe 101 extends to the surface of an improvement soil layer 6.
Example 8
The difference between the method for greening and improving the saline-alkali soil and the embodiment 2 is that the chemical fertilizer in the chemical improved soil layer 3 also comprises 0.4kg/m of fulvic acid2。
Example 9
The difference between the method for greening and improving the saline-alkali soil and the embodiment 2 is that the chemical fertilizer in the chemical improved soil layer 3 also comprises 0.8kg/m of fulvic acid2。
Example 10
The difference between the method for greening and improving the saline-alkali soil and the embodiment 2 is that the chemical fertilizer in the chemical improved soil layer 3 also comprises 1.2kg/m of fulvic acid2。
Example 11
A saline-alkali soil greening improvement method is different from the embodiment 2 in that a plastic film 11 with the thickness of 5mm is paved below a bottom salt discharge pipe 1.
Example 12
A saline-alkali soil greening improvement method is different from the embodiment 2 in that a plastic film 11 with the thickness of 10mm is paved below a bottom salt discharge pipe 1.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 2 is that the bottom layer salt discharging pipe 1 is not arranged, and the rest sequence is the same.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that only a soil layer is laid above the bottom salt discharging pipe 1, and no chemical fertilizer is used.
Saline-alkali soil greening test
In the test, the method in the embodiment 1-10 and the comparative example 1-2 is adopted to improve the saline-alkali soil in the area adjacent to the harbor economic area, and the trees are planted in the soil-dressing layer after the improvement. Soil sampling tests with the depth of 60cm are carried out on site 1 month, 6 months and 9 months after improvement before improvement, the test results are shown in table 1, the growth trend of plants is observed 3 months, 6 months and 9 months after improvement, and the observation results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 comparative results before and after soil improvement
As can be seen from table 1:
compared with the prior art, the arbor in the examples 1 to 3 has the increasing trend of the values of the available phosphorus, the available potassium, the organic matter and the total pore in 1 to 9 months after improvement, the growth rate of the available phosphorus in 9 months is 84.26%, the growth rate of the available potassium in 9 months is 39.5%, the growth rate of the organic matter in 9 months is 156.6%, and the reduction rate of the total salt content in 9 months is 37.3%, so that the improvement method not only can effectively improve the quality of the soil, but also can effectively reduce the salt content in the soil, improve the salt discharge efficiency and reduce the secondary salt return amount;
compared with the embodiment 2, the lower salt isolation layer is arranged, so that the upward diffusion amount of salt in underground soil is reduced, and meanwhile, the content of nutrient substances in the soil is effectively increased by arranging the salt isolation layer, and sufficient nutrients are provided for plant growth;
compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 7 has the advantages that the horizontal watering pipe and the vertical watering pipe are matched for use, so that the salt discharging efficiency can be improved, and meanwhile, the vertical watering pipe is communicated with the horizontal watering pipe, so that soil ventilation is facilitated, the viscosity of soil is reduced, and the content of nutrient substances in the soil is indirectly improved;
compared with the example 2, the data of the examples 8 to 10 are all superior to the data of the example 2, which shows that the addition of fulvic acid into the chemically improved soil layer can reduce the salt content of the soil and can improve the nutrient substances in the soil;
compared with the example 2, the performances of the examples 11-12 after 9 months of improvement are all superior to those of the example 2, which shows that the existence of the plastic film is helpful for reducing the diffusion of saline-alkali ions to the soil surface layer and improving the salt discharge efficiency;
compared with the embodiment 2, when the salt discharge pipe is not arranged at the bottom layer of the soil or no chemical fertilizer is arranged in the soil layer above the salt discharge pipe at the bottom layer, the salt discharge efficiency of the soil and the content of nutrient substances in the soil are reduced, so that the arrangement of the chemical soil improvement layer on the salt discharge pipe at the bottom layer plays an effective role in blocking the diffusion of salt, and the salt discharge efficiency is improved.
Table 2 observation results table after plant cultivation
As can be seen from the above table:
after 9 months of planting, the chlorophyll content and the number of newly added branches of the arbor in the embodiments 1-7 are increased, and the chlorophyll content and the number of newly added branches in the embodiments 3-5 are obviously higher than the numerical values in the embodiment 2, which shows that the saline-alkali soil greening improvement method can effectively improve the growth of plants, thereby ensuring the fertility of soil; compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 7 has the advantages that the performances of the arbor are better than those of the embodiment 2, and the arrangement of the watering pipe in the embodiment 7 is beneficial to improving the ventilation of soil, so that the healthy growth of the root of the arbor is ensured;
in comparative examples 1-2, the data are reduced compared to example 2, indicating that the greening improvement method of the present application can contribute to the improvement of plant growth.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) deeply digging soil on the saline-alkali ground surface, and airing for 2-3 days;
(2) a bottom-layer salt discharge pipe (1) is buried in the saline-alkali soil, a water seepage hole (7) is formed in the circumferential surface of the bottom-layer salt discharge pipe (1), one end of the bottom-layer salt discharge pipe (1) is sealed, the other end of the bottom-layer salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collecting pipe (2), one end of the water collecting pipe (2) is sealed, and the other end of the water collecting pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well (21);
(3) laying a chemical improved soil layer (3) with the thickness of 50-60cm above the bottom salt discharge pipe (1);
(4) an upper salt discharge pipe (4) is buried above the chemical improved soil layer (3), a water seepage hole (7) is formed in the outer wall of the upper salt discharge pipe (4), one end of the upper salt discharge pipe (4) is sealed, the other end of the upper salt discharge pipe is communicated with a water collecting pipe (2) perpendicular to the upper salt discharge pipe, one end of the water collecting pipe (2) is sealed, and the other end of the water collecting pipe is communicated with a salt discharge well (21);
(5) an upper salt isolation layer (5) with the thickness of 20-30cm is paved above the upper salt discharge pipe (4);
(6) an improved passenger soil layer (6) with the thickness of 15-25cm is paved above the upper salt isolation layer (5).
2. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bottom salt discharge pipe (1) and the upper salt discharge pipe (4) are coated with non-woven fabric layers (8).
3. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a lower salt isolation layer (9) is laid between the bottom salt discharge pipe (1) and the chemical improved soil layer (3), and the thickness of the lower salt isolation layer (9) is 10-30 cm.
4. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a horizontal watering pipe (10) is buried in the chemical improved soil layer (3), a water seepage hole (7) is formed in the outer wall of the horizontal watering pipe (10), a vertical watering pipe (101) is communicated with the horizontal watering pipe (10), and the vertical watering pipe (101) extends to the ground.
5. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the chemical fertilizer in the chemical improved soil layer (3) comprises 0.1-0.3kg/m of desulfurized gypsum20.3-0.8kg/m of furfural residue2And biological fertilizer 0.4-1.0kg/m2。
6. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein: the chemical fertilizer in the chemical improved soil layer (3) also comprises 0.4-1.2kg/m of fulvic acid2。
7. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the upper salt isolation layer (5) sequentially comprises straw powder, crushed grass, perlite and gravel from bottom to top.
8. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein: the lower salt isolation layer (9) is sequentially composed of solid polyacrylic acid, zeolite and slag from bottom to top.
9. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the improved passenger soil layer (6) comprises passenger soil, mountain skin sand, grass peat and cow dung, and the volume ratio of the sum of the volumes of the mountain skin sand, the grass peat and the cow dung to the passenger soil is 0.8-1.2: 1.
10. The method for greening and improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a layer of plastic film (11) is laid below the bottom salt discharge pipe (1), and the thickness of the plastic film (11) is 5-10 mm.
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| CN115176554A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-14 | 山东乾舜水土治理科技有限公司 | Drainage, salt drainage, infiltrating irrigation and fertilization integrated treatment method for saline-alkali soil improvement |
| CN115176554B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-03-19 | 山东乾舜水土治理科技有限公司 | Drainage, salt removal, infiltrating irrigation and fertilization integrated treatment method for saline-alkali soil improvement |
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