CN212911083U

CN212911083U - Soil dressing structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land

Info

Publication number: CN212911083U
Application number: CN202020508384.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李婧玮; 程颖; 赵宏文; 朱欢; 陈静; 任宇泽
Original assignee: Zhongsheng Environmental Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhongsheng Environmental Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-09
Filing date: 2020-04-09
Publication date: 2021-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-09

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of saline and alkaline soil administers, concretely relates to foreign soil structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land includes water-retaining layer, nutrition matrix layer, planting soil layer and salt separation layer from the earth's surface downwards in proper order, the structural plane slope on every layer sets up to 3% -10% for the infiltration and the excretion of top layer moisture, the suppression water evaporation leads to the top layer salinization. The utility model discloses extra income soil structure adds polyacrylamide in the water retaining layer, adds fertilizer humic acid, peat, acetylation glucose preparation and from branch root fungus root system microbial inoculum at the nutrient medium layer, fuses the extra income soil method and chemical improvement/biological improvement mutually, realizes the improvement of saline and alkaline land soil, promotes vegetation, improves economic ecological benefits.

Description

Soil dressing structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of saline and alkaline soil administers, concretely relates to soil removal structure suitable for trees is planted in improvement saline and alkaline land.

Background

Saline-alkali soil refers to the condition that the soil contains too high soluble salts, the pH value is generally more than 9, and the saline-alkali soil directly inhibits or harms the growth of plants. Land salinization is a worldwide resource and ecological problem, and the existing ways for improving the saline-alkali land include the following ways:

(1) the water conservancy project measures, through establishing perfect irrigation and drainage system, reduce the ground water level, improve salinization. The method has the disadvantages of expensive investment and high maintenance cost, is not economical in northern dry land agriculture, cannot radically reduce the salt content of the soil, and is combined with other improvement measures.

(2) Chemical improvement measures, namely chemical improvement is carried out by applying chemical substances such as gypsum/calcium chloride and the like which can counteract the salt effect to the field, so that substitutive sodium in soil can be reduced, the salt content of the soil is reduced, but the displaced sodium ions are leached and discharged by combining with a drainage measure, the soil improvement effect is not thorough, the safety is poor, the secondary pollution problem of the soil can be caused, and meanwhile, the measures are not obvious for improving the soil structure on heavy saline-alkali soil.

(3) Biological improvement measures, namely, the improvement effect can be achieved by combining other engineering measures and chemical improvement measures through planting crops/using microbial fertilizers, but the effect is slow, the improvement target is achieved usually within 3-5 years, if the biological improvement measures are used independently, the conditions for normal growth of crops are lacked, the growth of the crops is influenced, and the improvement effect is poor.

(4) The traditional soil-covering method is characterized in that original soil which is originally not suitable for plant growth is dug, the original soil is used for paving and filling saline-alkali soil to take effect, planting soil meeting the standard of greening planting soil is backfilled, poor matrix of plant growth is thoroughly changed, water retention of straws and sand filter layer drainage are adopted, although saline-alkali property of soil can be relieved, measures for promoting crop growth are not taken into consideration, and economic benefit is poor.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a soil dressing structure suitable for improving trees planted in saline-alkali soil, so as to overcome the defects of the saline-alkali soil improvement method.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem that exists among the prior art, the utility model provides a soil removal structure suitable for trees is planted in improvement saline and alkaline land, this structure fuses soil removal method and chemical improvement/biological improvement mutually, realizes the improvement of saline and alkaline land soil, promotes vegetation, improves economic ecological benefits.

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is realized through following technical scheme: the soil-water-retaining and salt-isolating device sequentially comprises a water-retaining layer, a nutrient matrix layer, a planting soil layer and a salt-isolating layer from the ground surface downwards, wherein the gradient of the structural surface of each layer is set to be 3% -10% and the device is used for infiltration and drainage of surface moisture.

Further, the thickness of the water retaining layer is set to be 5-15cm, and the water retaining material component of the water retaining layer is mainly polyacrylamide.

Furthermore, the thickness of the nutrient substrate layer is set to be 20-30cm, and the main components of the nutrient substrate layer comprise organic fertilizer humic acid, peat, acetylated glucose preparation and rhizopus rhizobacteria agent.

Further, the thickness of the planting soil layer is set to be 40-50 cm.

Furthermore, the thickness of the salt isolation layer is set to be 30-50cm, and the salt isolation layer comprises a zeolite filter material layer and a cohesive soil layer arranged at the bottom of the zeolite filter material layer.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

1. the utility model relates to a soil dressing structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land sets up water-retaining layer at the top layer, and water-retaining material composition mainly is polyacrylamide, and the gel after absorbing water contacts with dry soil, forms the adhesion structure between the grains of sand, makes soil moist, inhibits soil moisture loss and surface soil back salt; the nutrient matrix layer is arranged to reduce the pH value of soil, enhance the activity of soil microorganisms, relieve the inhibition of alkali stress on seedlings, improve the salt stress resistance of plants, enhance mineral nutrition absorbed by plant roots and promote the growth and development of the plants; the salt separation layer is arranged, so that the adsorption effect on sodium ions and chloride ions in the soil is considered, the alkalization degree of the soil is reduced, and the drainage property and the water permeability of the soil are improved; in addition, each layer of structure is provided with 3% -10% of structure surface gradient, so that infiltration and drainage of surface moisture are facilitated, moisture evaporation is inhibited, and soil salinization is avoided again.

2. The utility model relates to a soil removal structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land fuses soil removal method and chemical improvement/biological improvement mutually, realizes the improvement of saline and alkaline land soil, promotes vegetation, improves economic ecological benefits, compares with prior art, and is economical feasible, and the facilitate promotion is popularized, and is efficient moreover/effectual.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the soil dressing structure of the present invention for planting trees in improved saline-alkali soil.

In the figure: 1. a water retention layer; 2. a nutrient matrix layer; 3. Planting a soil layer; 4. a salt-separating layer; 41. zeolite filter material; 42. and (5) a cohesive soil layer.

Detailed Description

To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined purpose, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structural features and effects of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example (b): the utility model discloses it is shown to refer to and to draw together figure 1, a soil dressing structure suitable for improvement saline and alkaline land is planted trees includes guarantor's water layer 1, nutrition matrix layer 2, planting soil layer 3 and salt separating layer 4 downwards from the earth's surface in proper order, and wherein, the structural plane slope on every layer sets up to 3% -10%, as shown in figure 1, the slope orientation of the setting of every layer of structural plane of preferred is unanimous, the purpose that sets up the slope helps infiltration and the excretion of top layer moisture, it avoids soil dressing salinization to restrain the evaporation of water.

Specifically, the thickness of the water retention layer 1 is set to be 5-15cm, the water retention material mainly comprises polyacrylamide, the moisture absorption capacity of the water retention material is strong, the water retention material can absorb water from humid air and can also absorb water vapor of underground water to enhance the water retention capacity of soil, and gel after the water absorption of the agent is contacted with dry soil to form an adhesion structure among sand grains, so that the soil is wetted, and the water loss of the soil and the salt return of surface soil are inhibited.

The thickness of the nutrient matrix layer 2 is set to be 20-30cm, and the main components comprise organic fertilizer humic acid, peat, acetylated glucose preparation and rhizopus rhizobacteria agent.

Wherein, the organic fertilizer humic acid can reduce the pH value of the soil and enhance the activity of soil microorganisms; the peat is rich in organic matters and humic acid, and has good water absorption and water retention; the acetylated glucose preparation can relieve the inhibition of alkali stress on seedlings, increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in crops, relieve the osmotic stress of high salt concentration on the seedlings, and has better effect when mixed with organic fertilizer and the like for application; from the root of the branch fungus rhizosphere inoculum: after the AM fungi and the plants establish a symbiotic relationship, on one hand, the plant root system obtains sufficient mineral nutrition through material exchange to promote the growth and development of the plant root system; on the other hand, the salt stress resistance of the plants is improved by inducing the expression of some defense genes, and in addition, the huge extra-root hypha net generated by the AM fungi can also obviously improve the soil structure and the water condition, can inhibit the absorption of crops on heavy metal ions, and plays a role in safe prevention and control on the secondary pollution of trace heavy metals in the desulfurized gypsum.

The thickness of the planting soil layer is set to be 40-50cm, and the soil (volume ratio) is selected as follows: 45% of mineral substances, 5% of organic matters, 20% of air and 30% of water. The soil aggregate is 1-5 mm optimally, and the soil is required to be moderate in acid-base, good in drainage, loose and fertile, free of building and household garbage and free of toxic and harmful substances.

The thickness of the salt isolation layer 4 is set to be 30-50cm, the salt isolation layer is one of common salt improvement engineering measures in saline-alkali soil greening engineering, and the salt isolation layer is arranged below a plant root layer and is used for improving the soil underwater seepage capability, cutting off a path for salt-containing water to rise along a soil capillary and being used for greening soil dressing or non-soil dressing greening engineering. This novel adoption cohesive soil layer 42+ zeolite filter material layer 41 as shown in figure 1, its zeolite filter material layer 41 sets up on cohesive soil layer 42 upper portion, separates the effect that salt layer 4 played the separation of passenger soil layer and salt soil layer. The cohesive soil is a natural impermeable material, has small soil porosity, large specific surface area and strong cation exchange capacity, has an adsorption effect on sodium ions in soil and water, and reduces the alkalization degree. The salt separating layer is paved with zeolite and gravel filter materials, the zeolite filter materials are water-containing aluminosilicate, belong to weakly acidic cation exchangers, have large surface area and are rich in different pore diameters and pores, and the pore channels and pores of the zeolite have adsorption effect on sodium ions and chloride ions in soil, so that the sodium ion exchange capacity is strong, the alkalization degree of the soil is reduced, and the gravel increases the water drainage and water permeability of the soil.

The utility model relates to a soil dressing structure suitable for trees are planted in improvement saline and alkaline land, through set up the water-retaining layer that contains polyacrylamide in the top layer, its gel after absorbing water contacts with dry soil, forms the adhesion structure between the grains of sand, makes soil moist, inhibits soil moisture loss and top layer soil back salt; the nutrient matrix layer containing microorganisms is arranged, the pH value of soil is reduced, the activity of soil microorganisms is enhanced, the inhibition of alkali stress on seedlings is relieved, the salt stress resistance of plants is improved, mineral nutrition absorbed by plant roots is enhanced, and the growth and development of the plants are promoted; arranging a salt isolation layer, wherein the salt isolation layer is used for isolating the passenger soil layer from contacting with the saline soil layer; wherein each layer of structure is provided with 3% -10% of structure surface gradient, which is helpful for the infiltration and drainage of surface moisture, and can inhibit the evaporation of moisture to avoid the secondary salinization of soil. The utility model discloses the structure fuses passenger's soil method and chemical improvement/biological improvement mutually, realizes the improvement of saline and alkaline land soil, and its structure scientific and reasonable is effective, and convenient implementation compares with prior art, and is economical feasible, and is efficient moreover/effectual.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. To the utility model belongs to the technical field of ordinary technical personnel, do not deviate from the utility model discloses under the prerequisite of design, can also make a plurality of simple deductions or replacement, all should regard as belonging to the utility model discloses a protection scope.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a foreign soil structure suitable for improvement saline and alkaline land planted trees which characterized in that: from the earth's surface down including protecting water layer (1), nutrition matrix layer (2), planting soil layer (3) and salt isolation layer (4) in proper order, the structural plane slope of protecting water layer (1), nutrition matrix layer (2), planting soil layer (3) and salt isolation layer (4) all sets up to 3% -10% for infiltration and the drainage of top layer moisture.

2. The foreign soil structure suitable for improving saline-alkali soil for planting trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the water retention layer (1) is set to be 5-15cm, and the water retention material component of the water retention layer is mainly polyacrylamide.

3. The foreign soil structure suitable for improving saline-alkali soil for planting trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the nutrient matrix layer (2) is set to be 20-30 cm.

4. The foreign soil structure suitable for improving saline-alkali soil for planting trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the planting soil layer (3) is set to be 40-50 cm.

5. The foreign soil structure suitable for improving saline-alkali soil for planting trees according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the salt isolation layer (4) is set to be 30-50cm, and the salt isolation layer (4) comprises a zeolite filter material layer (41) and a cohesive soil layer (42) arranged at the bottom of the zeolite filter material layer (41).