CN112042306A - Saline-alkali soil adjusting device and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil adjusting device and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042306A CN112042306A CN202010997430.0A CN202010997430A CN112042306A CN 112042306 A CN112042306 A CN 112042306A CN 202010997430 A CN202010997430 A CN 202010997430A CN 112042306 A CN112042306 A CN 112042306A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation application, relates to saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil adjusting device and a construction method thereof. The saline-alkali soil conditioning device comprises a partition piece and a bottom plate matched with the partition piece, wherein the partition piece comprises a middle plate and side plates arranged above the middle plate, the side plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the side plates are obliquely and outwards arranged, a supporting plate is also arranged below the middle plate, the supporting plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, and the supporting plates are obliquely and outwards arranged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation application, relates to saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil adjusting device and a construction method thereof.
Background
The salinization process is a process that the salt contained in surface water, underground water and mother substance gradually accumulates towards the surface through the vertical and horizontal movement of soil capillary water under the strong evaporation effect. The saline-alkali soil is formed by the process that the salt contained in the soil influences the land where the crops grow normally. For a long time, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil at home and abroad are extensively and deeply researched, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are input. In the eighties, foreign countries have been heavily focused on the application of chemical modifiers and the destruction of the alkalized layer in the subsoil. China adopts the methods of changing the alkali of the rice, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, leveling land and the like. According to the different properties of improvement measures, the method can be divided into four major methods and technologies, such as biological, physical and chemical improvement, organic fertilizer application and the like.
At present, the technology of ' salt discharge control engineering + soil dressing (soil replacement) mainly adopted in China ' reasonably arranges hidden pipes and lays drenching layers under planting soil layers, and ' separates ' and discharges ' the interference of underground water level and deeper soil, blocks salt sources, guarantees the safety of soil backfilling with soil dressing, and realizes the healthy growth of a green land ecosystem. The technology has the advantages of high construction speed, short period, long action period and wide applicability, can be applied to saline-alkali soil of various climatic regions, various types of soil and various degrees, can thoroughly and radically treat the technical problems of saline-alkali soil, can collect, treat and utilize the discharged saline water through specific pipelines, cannot cause secondary salt damage, and has extremely high destructiveness to the ecological environment of a soil source (equivalent to 'dismantling east wall and supplementing west wall'). In recent years, with the large-area popularization and application of the technology, the soil source is increasingly poor, and the situation of soil-free passenger is approached, so that the transportation cost of the passenger soil is higher and higher. Meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the concealed pipes, real partition cannot be achieved, and the problem that partial zones cannot be repaired thoroughly still exists to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of saline-alkali soil remediation, the invention provides the saline-alkali soil conditioning device which is reasonable in design, simple in structure and convenient to process and can effectively solve the problem of the existing saline-alkali soil remediation and the construction method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the saline-alkali soil adjusting device comprises a partition piece and a bottom plate matched with the partition piece, wherein the partition piece comprises a middle plate and side plates arranged above the middle plate, the side plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the side plates are obliquely and outwards arranged, a support plate is also arranged below the middle plate, the support plate is arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the support plate is obliquely and outwards arranged, the bottom plate comprises a plate body and fixing grooves arranged on the plate body, the fixing grooves are arranged close to two sides of the plate body, the support plate can be inserted into the fixing grooves, two adjacent support plates close to each other and adjacent to each other are inserted into the fixing grooves on two sides of the same plate body, a top plate is arranged above the bottom plate, inserting grooves are arranged at the bottom of the top plate, and the inserting grooves are arranged close to, two side plates with two adjacent partition pieces are inserted into slots on two sides of the same top plate, air holes are uniformly distributed in the middle plate, and the partition pieces are also provided with absorbent cotton slivers which penetrate through the supporting plate.
Preferably, the tampon passes through both support panels of the same partition.
Preferably, the absorbent tampons are arranged on the support plate at intervals.
Preferably, one end of the side plate and one end of the support plate are provided with connecting bulges, and the other end of the side plate and the other end of the support plate are provided with connecting holes matched with the connecting bulges.
The invention also provides a construction method using the saline-alkali soil adjusting device, which comprises the following effective steps:
a. firstly, laying waste crop straws on the surface of a saline-alkali land to be restored;
b. deeply ploughing the laid crop straws to ensure that the crop straws are deeply ploughed into the soil;
c. digging out the deeply ploughed soil to form a deep pit with the depth of 1-1.5 m;
d. laying a salt isolation layer on the surface of the pit;
e. after the salt-separating layer is completely laid, the bottom plate is laid, then the separating piece is placed according to the specified position, and then the top plate is arranged above the separating piece;
f. arranging concealed pipes at two ends of the laid partition piece, and enabling the concealed pipes to be communicated with gaps between the bottom plate and the top plate;
g. and backfilling the excavated soil into a deep pit on which a hidden pipe, a partition part, a bottom plate and a top plate are laid, and planting according to seasons after backfilling is finished.
Preferably, in the step g, in the soil backfilling process, after soil with the thickness of 20cm is backfilled, a layer of mixture of crop straws and natural mineral soil resources is paved, the paving thickness is 5cm, and the paving is sequentially and circularly conducted, so that the backfilling of the deep pit is completed.
Preferably, the natural mineral resources are peat, lignite or zeolite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that,
1. the saline-alkali soil adjusting device and the construction method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the use of foreign soil is avoided, the foreign soil is utilized on the spot, the inferior soil is changed into valuable, the land value of saline-alkali soil is fundamentally improved, the reclamation of the inferior saline-alkali soil and the effective replacement of the 'foreign soil' greening are realized, the damage of the 'foreign soil' greening to the ecological environment of a soil source land is avoided, the cultivated land resources are effectively protected, the balanced development of ecological environment construction is realized, meanwhile, the implementation effect of the saline-alkali soil adjusting device is remarkable, the implementation cost is low, the duration period is long, and the saline-alkali soil adjusting device and.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a saline-alkali soil conditioning device provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a spacer provided in example 1;
in the above figures, 1, a base plate; 11. a plate body; 12. fixing grooves; 2. a spacer; 21. a middle plate; 211. air holes are formed; 22. a side plate; 23. a support plate; 24. a connecting projection; 25. a water-absorbing cotton sliver; 26. connecting holes; 3. a top plate; 31. and (4) a slot.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
Because of the blocking function of the blocking piece, in order to collect the rising water uniformly and avoid secondary salt damage, for this reason, the bottom plate 1 provided by the embodiment includes a plate body 11 and fixing grooves 12 arranged on the plate body 11, the fixing grooves 12 are arranged near both sides of the plate body 11, the supporting plates 23 can be inserted into the fixing grooves 12, two supporting plates 23 adjacent to two adjacent blocking pieces 2 are inserted into the fixing grooves 12 on both sides of the same plate body 11, meanwhile, a top plate 3 is arranged above the bottom plate 1, a slot 31 is arranged at the bottom of the top plate 3, the slot 31 is arranged near both sides of the top plate 3, two side plates 22 adjacent to two adjacent blocking pieces 2 are inserted into the slot 31 on both sides of the same top plate 3, thus, two blocking pieces, a closed space is enclosed between the top plate 3 and the side plates 22, a structural design of a similar concealed pipe is formed, the traditional concealed pipe is arranged at both ends of the blocking, the water can be collected.
In order to enable the rising water to flow into the hidden pipe formed by the blocking piece, the blocking piece 2 is further provided with the absorbent cotton sliver 25, the absorbent cotton sliver 25 penetrates through the support plates 23, in the embodiment, the absorbent cotton sliver 25 penetrates through the two support plates 23 of the same blocking piece 2, and the length of the absorbent cotton sliver 25 between the two support plates 23 is larger than the distance between the two support plates 23, so that the absorbent cotton sliver 25 can be ensured to be in contact with the ground, and the absorbent cotton sliver 25 penetrates through the structural design and can provide more absorbing points, the absorbent cotton sliver 25 is frequently used in potted plant planting, the purpose of water absorption and water seepage can be achieved, and in this way, the water seepage is discharged into the hidden pipe formed by the blocking piece, and then the circulation is completed.
In order to avoid root rot during the planting process, the air holes 211 are uniformly distributed on the middle plate 21, and the purposes of draining water and avoiding root rot when the rainfall is high can be achieved through the arrangement of the air holes 211.
In order to increase the construction speed, in the present embodiment, one ends of the side plates 22 and the support plate 23 are provided with coupling protrusions 24, and the other ends are provided with coupling holes 26 to be fitted with the coupling protrusions 24. In this way, the fixing is achieved by the formation of the plug-in connection, while, during construction, the top plate 3 is formed in a staggered manner, i.e. the centre of the top plate 3 is at the junction of the two blocking elements.
Through foretell setting, utilize to block piece, roof 3, bottom plate 1 and not only formed the hidden pipe, simultaneously, also formed the wall to the soil layer, and then blocked the emergence of salinization process, provide help for the restoration of saline and alkaline land.
Firstly, waste crop straws are laid on the surface of a saline-alkali land to be restored, the laying thickness is 10 centimeters, the crop straws are preferably broken straws, the broken straws can be poured before laying and then piled and fermented, the straws are beneficial to the growth of microorganisms in the process of piling and fermenting, and the quantity of the microorganisms in the soil can activate nutrient elements in the soil to improve the soil fertility.
And deeply ploughing the laid crop straws to ensure that the crop straws are deeply ploughed into the soil, so that the crop straws are the best organic matter for improving the soil. Simultaneously, through the deep ploughing, also can be with the surperficial salt deep ploughing to the soil, because the degree of depth of the root system of most plants is only between 20cm ~ 30cm, for this reason, through the formation of deep ploughing and turning over soil, more divide equally the salt alkali on top layer, the saline and alkaline land is through dark loose heavy harrow, can loosen the surperficial soil, cuts off the capillary, reduces the evaporation capacity, improves the soil water permeability and water retention ability to soil drenches the salt with higher speed and prevents to return the salt. Meanwhile, the plowing and loosening soil can promote soil weathering and curing, and is beneficial to the growth and development of plant roots.
Then, the soil after deep ploughing is dug out to form a pit with the depth of 1-1.5 m. The depth of the soil layer is set to be 1-1.5 m, the depth is more than 1m, the loss of rainwater can be avoided, the moisture of the soil can be kept, and the rapid loss of the moisture caused by the limited thickness of the refilled soil layer can be avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose of filling and separating salt, a salt separating layer is laid on the surface of the deep pit, the salt separating layer can be river sand, ceramic grains and other products, the salt separating layer can change the soil structure, the granular structure is promoted to form, the soil void degree is increased, the permeability is enhanced, the saline-alkali soil water-salt movement rule is changed, under the action of rainwater, salt is leached into deep soil from surface soil, the granular structure is enhanced, the water retention and water storage capacity is increased, evaporation is reduced, further, the upward movement of deep salt is inhibited, the alkalization degree of the surface soil is reduced, and the effect of pressing alkali is achieved.
After the salt-separating layer is completely laid, the bottom plate 1 is laid, then the partition member 2 is placed according to the designated position, then the top plate 3 is arranged above the partition member 2, and the concealed pipes are arranged at the two ends of the laid partition member 2, so that the concealed pipes are communicated with the gap between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 3.
And then, backfilling the excavated soil into a deep pit in which a hidden pipe, a partition part 2, a bottom plate 1 and a top plate 3 are laid, and after backfilling soil with the thickness of 20cm in the soil backfilling process, laying a layer of mixture of crop straws and natural mineral soil resources with the thickness of 5cm, and sequentially and circularly laying to finish the backfilling of the deep pit. The purpose that sets up like this, can further improve the purpose that soil influences, natural ore soil resource is the peat, brown coal, zeolite, it is filled and can effectively supply abundant mineral element when improving soil property, in this embodiment, the laying amount of crop straw will be greater than the laying amount of natural ore soil resource far away, the purpose that sets up like this, just make the purpose in order to reach the soil salinity of diluting intermediate plate 21 top, because it lays, it is better to lead to its water permeability earlier stage afterwards, the rainwater can obtain quick infiltration, and then drive the salinity, the circulation is downwards, because the effect of bleeder vent 211, make moisture obtain further arranging down, and then reach the purpose of diluting the salinity, after waiting to backfill to accomplish, can plant according to the season can. The plants planted in the early stage are mainly salt-tolerant plants, and can be basically planted normally after 1-2 years. Because the thickness of blocking the piece top backfill is about 70cm at least, in order to improve the intensity of blocking the piece, the material of blocking the piece is the concrete material, through prefabricating.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A saline-alkali soil adjusting device is characterized by comprising a partition piece and a bottom plate matched with the partition piece, wherein the partition piece comprises a middle plate and side plates arranged above the middle plate, the side plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the side plates are inclined outwards, a supporting plate is further arranged below the middle plate, the supporting plate is arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the supporting plate is inclined outwards, the bottom plate comprises a plate body and fixing grooves formed in the plate body, the fixing grooves are arranged close to two sides of the plate body, the supporting plate can be inserted into the fixing grooves, two adjacent supporting plates close to each other are inserted into the fixing grooves on two sides of the same plate body, a top plate is arranged above the bottom plate, slots are formed in the bottom of the top plate, the slots are arranged close to two sides of the top plate, two adjacent side plates close to each other are inserted into the slots on two sides of the same top plate, the middle plate is evenly distributed with air holes, the partition piece is also provided with a water absorption cotton strip, and the water absorption cotton strip penetrates through the supporting plate.
2. The saline-alkali soil conditioning device of claim 1, wherein the tampon passes through two support plates of the same partition.
3. The saline-alkali soil conditioning device of claim 2, wherein the water absorbent slivers are arranged on the support plate at intervals.
4. The saline-alkali soil conditioning device according to claim 3, wherein one end of the side plate and the support plate is provided with a connecting protrusion, and the other end is provided with a connecting hole matched with the connecting protrusion.
5. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil conditioning device according to claim 4 is characterized by comprising the following effective steps:
a. firstly, laying waste crop straws on the surface of a saline-alkali land to be restored;
b. deeply ploughing the laid crop straws to ensure that the crop straws are deeply ploughed into the soil;
c. digging out the deeply ploughed soil to form a deep pit with the depth of 1-1.5 m;
d. laying a salt isolation layer on the surface of the pit;
e. after the salt-separating layer is completely laid, the bottom plate is laid, then the separating piece is placed according to the designated position,
then, a top plate is arranged above the partition piece;
f. arranging concealed pipes at two ends of the laid partition piece, and enabling the concealed pipes to be communicated with gaps between the bottom plate and the top plate;
g. and backfilling the excavated soil into a deep pit on which a hidden pipe, a partition part, a bottom plate and a top plate are laid, and planting according to seasons after backfilling is finished.
6. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil conditioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step g, in the soil backfilling process, after soil with the thickness of 20cm is backfilled, a layer of mixture of crop straws and natural mineral soil resources is paved, the paving thickness is 5cm, and the paving is sequentially and circularly conducted to complete the backfilling of the deep pit.
7. The method for constructing a soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the natural mineral resources are peat, lignite or zeolite.
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| CN202010997430.0A CN112042306B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Saline-alkali soil adjusting device and construction method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010997430.0A CN112042306B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Saline-alkali soil adjusting device and construction method thereof |
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| CN112042306B CN112042306B (en) | 2022-11-11 |
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| CN111587731A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-28 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | Water-saving coastal saline-alkali soil direct greening system and construction method thereof |
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