CN112042306B - Saline-alkali soil adjusting device and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil adjusting device and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112042306B CN112042306B CN202010997430.0A CN202010997430A CN112042306B CN 112042306 B CN112042306 B CN 112042306B CN 202010997430 A CN202010997430 A CN 202010997430A CN 112042306 B CN112042306 B CN 112042306B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation application, relates to saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil adjusting device and a construction method thereof. The saline-alkali soil conditioning device comprises a partition piece and a bottom plate matched with the partition piece, wherein the partition piece comprises a middle plate and side plates arranged above the middle plate, the side plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the side plates are obliquely and outwards arranged, a supporting plate is also arranged below the middle plate, the supporting plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, and the supporting plates are obliquely and outwards arranged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation application, relates to saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil adjusting device and a construction method thereof.
Background
The salinization process is a process that the salt contained in surface water, underground water and mother substance gradually accumulates towards the surface through the vertical and horizontal movement of soil capillary water under the strong evaporation effect. The land where the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops due to the salinization process is also called saline-alkali land. For a long time, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil at home and abroad are extensively and deeply researched, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are input. In the eighties, foreign countries have been heavily focused on the application of chemical modifiers and the destruction of the alkalized layer in the subsoil. China adopts the methods of changing alkali by planting rice, applying organic fertilizer, planting green manure, leveling land and the like. According to the different properties of improvement measures, the method can be divided into four major methods and technologies, namely biological, physical and chemical improvement, organic fertilizer application and the like.
At present, the technology of ' salt discharge control engineering + soil dressing (soil replacement) mainly adopted in China ' reasonably arranges hidden pipes and lays drenching layers under planting soil layers, and ' separates ' and discharges ' the interference of underground water level and deeper soil, blocks salt sources, guarantees the safety of soil backfilling with soil dressing, and realizes the healthy growth of a green land ecosystem. The technology has the advantages of high construction speed, short period, long action period and wide applicability, can be applied to saline-alkali soil of various climatic regions, various types of soil and various degrees, can thoroughly and radically treat the technical problems of saline-alkali soil, can collect, treat and utilize the discharged saline water through specific pipelines, cannot cause secondary salt damage, and has extremely high destructiveness to the ecological environment of a soil source (equivalent to 'dismantling east wall and supplementing west wall'). In recent years, with the large-area popularization and application of the technology, the soil source is increasingly poor, and the situation of no soil and no passenger is approached, so that the transportation cost of the passenger soil is increased. Meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the concealed pipe, real partition cannot be achieved, and the problem that partial zones cannot be repaired thoroughly still exists to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of saline-alkali soil remediation, the invention provides the saline-alkali soil conditioning device which is reasonable in design, simple in structure and convenient to process and can effectively solve the problem of the existing saline-alkali soil remediation and the construction method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the saline-alkali soil adjusting device comprises a partition piece and a bottom plate matched with the partition piece, wherein the partition piece comprises a middle plate and side plates arranged above the middle plate, the side plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the side plates are obliquely and outwards arranged, a supporting plate is further arranged below the middle plate and is arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the supporting plate is obliquely and outwards arranged, the bottom plate comprises a plate body and fixing grooves arranged on the plate body, the fixing grooves are arranged close to two sides of the plate body, the supporting plate can be inserted into the fixing grooves, two adjacent supporting plates close to each other are inserted into the fixing grooves on two sides of the same plate body, a top plate is arranged above the bottom plate, slots are arranged at the bottom of the top plate and close to two sides of the top plate, two adjacent side plates close to each other are inserted into the slots on two sides of the same top plate, air holes are uniformly distributed in the middle plate, water absorbing cotton slivers are further arranged on the partition piece, and the water absorbing cotton slivers penetrate through the supporting plate.
Preferably, the tampon passes through both support panels of the same partition.
Preferably, the absorbent tampons are arranged on the support plate at intervals.
Preferably, one end of the side plate and one end of the support plate are provided with connecting bulges, and the other end of the side plate and the other end of the support plate are provided with connecting holes matched with the connecting bulges.
The invention also provides a construction method using the saline-alkali soil adjusting device, which comprises the following effective steps:
a. firstly, laying waste crop straws on the surface of a saline-alkali land to be restored;
b. deeply ploughing the laid crop straws to ensure that the crop straws are deeply ploughed into the soil;
c. digging out the deeply ploughed soil to form a deep pit with the depth of 1-1.5 m;
d. laying a salt isolation layer on the surface of the pit;
e. after the salt isolation layer is completely laid, the bottom plate is laid, then the partition pieces are placed according to the specified positions, and then the top plate is arranged above the partition pieces;
f. arranging concealed pipes at two ends of the laid partition piece, and enabling the concealed pipes to be communicated with gaps between the bottom plate and the top plate;
g. and backfilling the excavated soil into a deep pit on which a hidden pipe, a partition part, a bottom plate and a top plate are laid, and planting according to seasons after backfilling is finished.
Preferably, in the step g, in the soil backfilling process, after soil with the thickness of 20cm is backfilled, a layer of mixture of crop straws and natural mineral soil resources is paved, the layer of mixture is paved with the thickness of 5cm, and the layer of mixture is sequentially and circularly paved to complete the backfilling of the deep pit.
Preferably, the natural mineral resources are peat, lignite or zeolite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that,
1. the saline-alkali soil adjusting device and the construction method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the use of foreign soil is avoided, the foreign soil is utilized on the spot, the inferior soil is changed into valuable, the land value of saline-alkali soil is fundamentally improved, the reclamation of the inferior saline-alkali soil and the effective replacement of the 'foreign soil' greening are realized, the damage of the 'foreign soil' greening to the ecological environment of a soil source land is avoided, the cultivated land resources are effectively protected, the balanced development of ecological environment construction is realized, meanwhile, the implementation effect of the saline-alkali soil adjusting device is remarkable, the implementation cost is low, the duration period is long, and the saline-alkali soil adjusting device and the construction method thereof are suitable for large-scale popularization and use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a saline-alkali soil conditioning device provided in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a spacer provided in example 1;
in the above figures, 1, a base plate; 11. a plate body; 12. a fixing groove; 2. a spacer; 21. a middle plate; 211. air holes are formed; 22. a side plate; 23. a support plate; 24. a connecting projection; 25. a water-absorbing cotton sliver; 26. connecting holes; 3. a top plate; 31. and (4) a slot.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
Because the separation effect of blocking piece, in order to make the water that rises collect in unison, avoid producing secondary salt damage, for this reason, bottom plate 1 that this embodiment provided includes plate body 11 and the fixed slot 12 of setting on plate body 11, fixed slot 12 is close to the both sides setting of plate body 11, backup pad 23 can insert in the fixed slot 12, two adjacent backup pads 23 that separate 2 are close insert in the fixed slot 12 of same plate body 11 both sides, and simultaneously, top plate 3 is provided with in bottom plate 1's top, the bottom of top plate 3 is provided with slot 31, slot 31 is close to the both sides setting of top plate 3, two adjacent two close curb plates 22 that separate 2 are inserted in the slot 31 of same top plate 3 both sides, thus, two block, just enclose into an inclosed space between top plate 3 and the curb plate 22, the structural design who has formed similar concealed pipe, lay traditional concealed pipe at the both ends that blocks, just can collect water.
In order to enable the rising water to flow into the hidden pipe formed by the blocking piece, the blocking piece 2 is further provided with the absorbent cotton sliver 25, the absorbent cotton sliver 25 penetrates through the support plates 23, in the embodiment, the absorbent cotton sliver 25 penetrates through the two support plates 23 of the same blocking piece 2, and the length of the absorbent cotton sliver 25 between the two support plates 23 is larger than the distance between the two support plates 23, so that the absorbent cotton sliver 25 can be ensured to be in contact with the ground, and the absorbent cotton sliver 25 penetrates through the structural design and can provide more absorbing points, the absorbent cotton sliver 25 is frequently used in potted plant planting, the purpose of water absorption and water seepage can be achieved, and in this way, the water seepage is discharged into the hidden pipe formed by the blocking piece, and then the circulation is completed.
In order to avoid root rot during the planting process, the air holes 211 are uniformly distributed on the middle plate 21, and the purposes of draining water and avoiding root rot when the rainfall is high can be achieved through the arrangement of the air holes 211.
In order to increase the construction speed, in the present embodiment, one ends of the side plates 22 and the support plate 23 are provided with coupling protrusions 24, and the other ends are provided with coupling holes 26 to be fitted with the coupling protrusions 24. In this way, the fixing is achieved by the formation of the plug-in connection, while, during construction, the top plate 3 is formed in a staggered manner, i.e. the centre of the top plate 3 is at the junction of the two blocking elements.
Through foretell setting, utilize to block piece, roof 3, bottom plate 1 and not only formed the hidden pipe, simultaneously, also formed the wall to the soil layer, and then blocked the emergence of salinization process, provide help for the restoration of saline and alkaline land.
Firstly, waste crop straws are laid on the surface of a saline-alkali land to be restored, the laying thickness is 10 centimeters, the crop straws are preferably smashed straws, the smashed straws can be poured before being laid and then are piled and fermented, the straws are favorable for growth of microorganisms in the process of piling and fermenting, and the number of the microorganisms in the soil can activate nutrient elements in the soil to improve the soil fertility.
And deeply ploughing the laid crop straws to ensure that the crop straws are deeply ploughed into the soil, so that the crop straws are the best organic matter for improving the soil. Simultaneously, through the deep ploughing, also can be with the surperficial salt deep ploughing to the soil, because the degree of depth of the root system of most plants is only between 20cm ~ 30cm, for this reason, through the formation of deep ploughing and turning over soil, more divide equally the salt alkali on top layer, the saline and alkaline land is through dark loose heavy harrow, can loosen the surperficial soil, cuts off the capillary, reduces the evaporation capacity, improves the soil water permeability and water retention ability to soil drenches the salt with higher speed and prevents to return the salt. Meanwhile, the plowing and loosening soil can promote soil weathering and curing, and is beneficial to the growth and development of plant roots.
Then, the soil after deep ploughing is dug out to form a pit with the depth of 1-1.5 m. The depth of the soil layer is set to be 1-1.5 m, the depth is more than 1m, the loss of rainwater can be avoided, the moisture of the soil can be kept, and the rapid loss of the moisture caused by the limited thickness of the refilled soil layer can be avoided.
In order to achieve the purpose of filling and separating salt, a salt separating layer is laid on the surface of the deep pit, the salt separating layer can be river sand, ceramic grains and other products, the salt separating layer can change the soil structure, the granular structure is promoted to form, the soil void degree is increased, the permeability is enhanced, the saline-alkali soil water-salt movement rule is changed, under the action of rainwater, salt is leached into deep soil from surface soil, the granular structure is enhanced, the water retention and water storage capacity is increased, evaporation is reduced, further, the upward movement of deep salt is inhibited, the alkalization degree of the surface soil is reduced, and the effect of pressing alkali is achieved.
After the salt isolation layer is completely laid, the bottom plate 1 is laid, then the partition piece 2 is placed at a specified position, then the top plate 3 is arranged above the partition piece 2, and the concealed pipes are arranged at two ends of the laid partition piece 2, so that the concealed pipes are communicated with gaps between the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 3.
And then, backfilling the excavated soil into a pit in which the concealed pipe, the partition part 2, the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 3 are laid, and in the backfilling process of the soil, after backfilling the soil with the thickness of 20cm, laying a layer of mixture of crop straws and natural mineral soil resources with the thickness of 5cm, and sequentially and circularly laying to finish backfilling the pit. The purpose that sets up like this, can further improve the purpose that soil influences, natural ore soil resource is the peat, brown coal, zeolite, it is filled and can effectively supply abundant mineral element when improving soil property, in this embodiment, the laying amount of crop straw will be greater than the laying amount of natural ore soil resource far away, the purpose that sets up like this, just make the purpose in order to reach the soil salinity of diluting intermediate plate 21 top, because it lays, it is better to lead to its water permeability earlier stage afterwards, the rainwater can obtain quick infiltration, and then drive the salinity, the circulation is downwards, because the effect of bleeder vent 211, make moisture obtain further arranging down, and then reach the purpose of diluting the salinity, after waiting to backfill to accomplish, can plant according to the season can. The plants planted in the early stage are mainly salt-tolerant plants, and can be basically planted normally after 1-2 years. Because the thickness of blocking the piece top backfill is about 70cm at least, in order to improve the intensity of blocking the piece, the material of blocking the piece is the concrete material, through prefabricating.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil adjusting device is characterized by comprising a partition piece and a bottom plate matched with the partition piece, wherein the partition piece comprises a middle plate and side plates arranged above the middle plate, the side plates are arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the side plates are obliquely and outwards arranged, a supporting plate is further arranged below the middle plate, the supporting plate is arranged close to two sides of the middle plate, the supporting plate is obliquely and outwards arranged, the bottom plate comprises a plate body and fixing grooves arranged on the plate body, the fixing grooves are arranged close to two sides of the plate body, the supporting plate can be inserted into the fixing grooves, two adjacent supporting plates with close partition pieces are inserted into the fixing grooves on two sides of the same plate body, a top plate is arranged above the bottom plate, slots are formed in the bottom of the top plate and close to two sides of the top plate, two adjacent side plates with close partition pieces are inserted into the slots on two sides of the same top plate, air holes are uniformly distributed in the middle plate, water absorbing cotton slivers are further arranged on the partition pieces, and pass through the supporting plate; the construction method comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, laying waste crop straws on the surface of a saline-alkali land to be restored;
b. deeply ploughing the laid crop straws to ensure that the crop straws are deeply ploughed into the soil;
c. digging out the deeply ploughed soil to form a deep pit with the depth of 1-1.5 m;
d. laying a salt isolation layer on the surface of the pit;
e. after the salt-separating layer is completely laid, the bottom plate is laid, then the separating piece is placed according to the designated position,
then, a top plate is arranged above the partition piece;
f. arranging concealed pipes at two ends of the laid partition piece to enable the concealed pipes to be communicated with gaps between the bottom plate and the top plate;
g. and backfilling the excavated soil into a deep pit on which a concealed pipe, a partition part, a bottom plate and a top plate are laid, and planting according to the season after backfilling is finished.
2. The method for constructing a soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tampon is passed through two support plates of the same partition.
3. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil conditioning device according to claim 2, wherein the water-absorbing cotton slivers are arranged on the supporting plate at intervals.
4. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil conditioning device according to claim 3, wherein one end of the side plate and the support plate is provided with a connecting protrusion, and the other end is provided with a connecting hole matched with the connecting protrusion.
5. The construction method of the saline-alkali soil conditioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that in the step g, in the soil backfilling process, after soil with the thickness of 20cm is backfilled, a layer of mixture of crop straws and natural mineral soil resources is paved, the layer of mixture is paved with the thickness of 5cm, and the layer of mixture is sequentially and circularly paved to complete the backfilling of the deep pit.
6. The method for constructing a soil conditioner for saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein said natural mineral resources are peat, lignite or zeolite.
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Citations (2)
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| CN107852881A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-30 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method of improved soil salinization of soil |
| CN111567176A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-25 | 天津市方正园林建设监理中心 | Saline-alkali soil greening improvement method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2541648C1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-02-20 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н. Костякова Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук (ГНУ ВНИИГиМ Россельхозакадемии) | Method of crop irrigation in rice crop rotation |
| CN105874953B (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2019-03-12 | 河海大学 | A kind of coastal tidal improving saline soil device and modification method |
| CN206323758U (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-07-14 | 星景生态环保科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Saline-alkali Field Control is with every block salt |
| CN206525104U (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-09-29 | 重庆恒佳工程技术咨询有限公司 | Desert area salt-soda soil soil protection system |
| CN107182341A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-09-22 | 浙江德润市政园林有限公司 | A kind of beach saline land modification method |
| CN209330561U (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-09-03 | 深圳园林股份有限公司 | A kind of sea front planting soil salt discharge is every salt structure |
| CN111587731A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-08-28 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | Water-saving coastal saline-alkali soil direct greening system and construction method thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107852881A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-30 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of method of improved soil salinization of soil |
| CN111567176A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-25 | 天津市方正园林建设监理中心 | Saline-alkali soil greening improvement method |
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