CN115119692A - Method for planting medicinal plants and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines in medium-severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting medicinal plants and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines in medium-severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for planting medicinal plants in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines on the overground part relates to a method for planting medicinal plants in saline-alkali soil and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines on the overground part. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing annual medicinal plants are difficult to root, emerge and survive in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, the plants are stressed by saline-alkali and the saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize efficiently. According to the characteristic that the root system of annual Chinese herbal medicine is shallow, the method for planting the Chinese herbal medicine efficiently is formed by covering a layer of thin sandy soil on the surface of medium-heavy saline-alkali ground by utilizing the soil dressing, the soil improvement and the organic fertilizer application in cooperation with a no-tillage planter to carry out direct seeding, the disturbance to deep soil is avoided, and the problem that saline-alkali cultivated land is saline-alkali is prevented. The invention can be widely used for medium and severe saline-alkali soil after soil dressing, on one hand, the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved for long-term utilization, on the other hand, the effect of increasing agricultural economic income can be achieved, and meanwhile, the agricultural ecological environment is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for planting medicinal plants in saline-alkali soil and harvesting overground part of Chinese herbal medicines.
Background
The saline-alkali soil refers to a soil type containing a large amount of saline-alkali components in soil, wherein a large amount of saline-alkali ions inhibit normal physiological growth of plants and even lead to plant death, and agricultural production and economic income are seriously influenced. The saline-alkali soil in China has various types and wide distribution, and meanwhile, the saline-alkali soil is used as an important reserve land resource of cultivated land, so that the method has important practical significance for increasing the yield and income of agriculture in the future. At present, the saline-alkali soil restoration and improvement at home and abroad mainly comprises the following 4 aspects: physical improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement, and engineering improvement. Because the sandy soil resources in China are rich and the reserves are large, the physical modes of soil dressing and soil improvement are mostly adopted to improve the saline-alkali soil, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the improvement effect is good, and meanwhile, the influence on the surrounding environment is small.
Red knotweed (Polygonum orientale), Xanthium sibiricum (Xanthium sibiricum), purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens), motherwort (Leonurus japonicus), wrinkled giant hyssop (Pogostemon cablin), fructus cnidii (Cnidiummonnieri), Plantago asiatica (Plantago asiatica), burdock (Arctium lappa) and the like belong to annual medicinal plants, and stems, leaves, flowers, fruits or whole grass are used as medicaments, so that the Chinese medicinal plant has the effects of dispelling wind and removing dampness, clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing phlegm and relieving sore throat and the like, is widely distributed in northeast, northwest, north China, east China, south China and the like, has strong adaptability, certain saline-alkali resistance and drought-waterlogging resistance, and is not strict for conditions such as soil environment and the like. In recent years, the wild Chinese herbal medicines are acquired by artificial excessive interference, so that the resources of the wild Chinese herbal medicines are seriously deficient. However, with the positive implementation of the relevant protection policy of the state, wild Chinese herbal medicine resources are protected and recovered to a certain degree, and meanwhile, a mature industrial chain for artificially planting Chinese herbal medicines is generated, so that a whole set of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation technology is formed. Although the Chinese herbal medicines have saline-alkali tolerance with certain capacity, the Chinese herbal medicines still cannot survive in medium and severe saline-alkali environment, so that how to successfully plant the Chinese herbal medicines in the medium and severe saline-alkali environment and plant establishment becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for planting medicinal plants in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting part of annual Chinese herbal medicines on the land, aiming at solving the technical problems that the existing annual medicinal plants are difficult to root, emerge and survive in a field planting manner in the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, the plants are stressed by saline-alkali and the saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize efficiently.
The method for planting medicinal plants and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines on the parts of the land on the moderately severe saline-alkali soil is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing loam, sandy soil and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 100:100:1 by adopting a soil dressing mode to obtain mixed soil, and then uniformly covering the mixed soil on the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by using a forklift, wherein the covering thickness is 10-20 cm;
secondly, ditching the mixed soil covered in the first step by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the distance between two adjacent ditches is 25-30 cm, the depth of each ditch is 1-3 cm, and the width of each ditch is 3-5 cm;
thirdly, sowing seeds of annual Chinese herbal medicines in the ditches opened in the second step in a direct sowing mode by adopting a no-tillage sowing machine for spring sowing;
fourthly, the mixed soil at the ditch edge is folded and covered on the Chinese herbal medicine seeds to form a covering layer, and then the conventional agricultural management is carried out according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese herbal medicine in the growth period;
fifthly, harvesting the overground part at the end of the growth period of the Chinese herbal medicine by adopting a harvester as a medicine;
and sixthly, sowing the Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the next year and in the spring later by adopting the mode of the first step to the fifth step.
Moderate salinization (15-30% of substituted sodium and 30-50% of saline-alkali spot rate); severe salinization (30-50% of substitution sodium and 50-70% of saline-alkali spot rate).
The plant roots of the perilla frutescens, the red-knees herb and the like are shallow and are generally distributed at 10-20 cm, the saline-alkali soil is restored and improved by adopting a soil dressing and soil improvement mode through a physical means, and the surface of the saline-alkali soil is uniformly covered with the fertilizer-doped sandy soil with the thickness of 10-20 cm, so that a plough layer with good environment is formed, the problems that the Chinese herbal medicines are difficult to successfully fix and plant construction in the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil are effectively solved, the effect of isolating underground saline-alkali ions is achieved, good living conditions can be effectively provided for the plants, and the phenomenon that the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil directly cause serious adverse effects on the growth of the plants is avoided. The method of the invention uses less sand and soil for soil dressing and soil improvement, has shallow covering thickness, simple operation and low cost, can be used for many years after one-time improvement, has better effect along with the increase of planting years, and has larger later economic benefit. In the future, the method can be matched with the existing mature production and cultivation technology to carry out large-area artificial mechanical planting and can be popularized in a large range.
The invention has the characteristics that: according to the characteristic that the root system of the annual Chinese herbal medicine is shallow, in the step one, seeding modes of direct seeding, shallow seeding and drill seeding are combined by covering a layer of thin sandy soil on the surface of a medium-heavy saline-alkali ground by utilizing foreign soil, improving soil and doping and applying organic fertilizer, and a no-tillage seeding machine is matched, so that the method for efficiently planting the Chinese herbal medicine is formed, disturbance on deep soil is avoided, and the problem that saline-alkali soil is returned to saline-alkali farmland is solved. Because the agricultural organic fertilizer is mixed in the covered sandy soil, the use of industrial fertilizer is reduced, and some negative effects of the industrial fertilizer on the agricultural ecological environment are avoided. After the harvester reaps the aboveground part, stay the underground root in soil, increase soil porosity, it infiltrates with higher speed to go into, reaches the effect of soil water retention entropy increase, promotes the growth of chinese herbal medicine plant, promotes its moisture availability ratio to through self transpiration, can further reduce the evaporation of earth's surface moisture, prevent that saline and alkaline ion from rising to the earth's surface along with soil evapotranspiration, make saline and alkaline ion be detained in the soil deep layer, prevent effectively that soil from returning saline and alkaline. Meanwhile, the underground roots are decayed year by year, so that soil organic matters are increased, soil fertility is improved, the soil microenvironment is improved, the quantity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and enzyme activity are increased, and the like. The method can be used for many years after one-time improvement, and the effect is more obvious along with the growth of the planting years. Therefore, the method can efficiently and circularly plant the overground part of Chinese herbal medicines for annual medicine, improve the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil, enlarge the agricultural cultivated land area and improve the social, agricultural and economic income.
The invention can be widely used for medium and severe saline-alkali soil after soil dressing, and can efficiently plant medicinal plants for a long time and harvest overground part annual Chinese herbal medicine crops, on one hand, the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved for long-term utilization, on the other hand, the effect of increasing agricultural economic income can be achieved, and meanwhile, the agricultural ecological environment is improved.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the biological principle, plant roots of purple perilla, red knotweed and the like are mainly distributed on a soil layer of 10-20 cm, so that the annual Chinese herbal medicine is planted by covering thin sandy soil on the surface of saline-alkali soil by adopting physical means of soil dressing and soil improvement; on one hand, because the agricultural organic fertilizer is mixed and applied in the covered thin sandy soil, the harm of industrial fertilizer to the environment is avoided, meanwhile, the organic substances in the soil are increased, a good growth condition is provided for plants, on the other hand, an effective interlayer is formed, and the obvious inhibition effect of a large amount of saline-alkali ions in the underground saline-alkali soil on the growth of the plants is avoided;
2. the method has low cost and simple operation. The large-scale machinery is used for covering with foreign soil once, so that the large-scale machinery can be effectively utilized for many years, and the planting effect is more obvious along with the growth of the planting years; the no-tillage seeding machine is adopted for direct seeding, so that the seeds are not pretreated in advance in the early stage of planting, and manpower and material resources are saved; by applying shallow sowing and drill sowing, disturbance to underground deep soil is avoided, and negative effects of salt and alkali return of deep soil are effectively inhibited;
3. the method has remarkable late economic benefit. Taking motherwort as an example, 300kg of medicinal materials are produced per mu, 50kg of seeds are produced per mu, and the profit per mu is about 5000 yuan.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a method for planting medicinal plants in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines on the overground part, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing loam, sandy soil and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 100:100:1 by adopting a soil dressing mode to obtain mixed soil, and then uniformly covering the mixed soil on the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by using a forklift, wherein the covering thickness is 10-20 cm;
secondly, ditching the mixed soil covered in the first step by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the distance between two adjacent ditches is 25-30 cm, the depth of each ditch is 1-3 cm, and the width of each ditch is 3-5 cm;
thirdly, sowing seeds of annual Chinese herbal medicines in the ditches opened in the second step in a direct sowing mode by adopting a no-tillage sowing machine for spring sowing;
fourthly, the mixed soil at the ditch edge is folded and covered on the Chinese herbal medicine seeds to form a covering layer, and then the conventional agricultural management is carried out according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese herbal medicine in the growth period;
fifthly, harvesting the overground part at the end of the growth period of the Chinese herbal medicine by adopting a harvester as a medicine;
and sixthly, sowing the Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the next year and in the spring later by adopting the mode of the first step to the fifth step.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the step three are red knotweed seeds. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the step three are cocklebur seeds. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are purple perilla seeds. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are motherwort seeds. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the step three are wrinkled giant hyssop seeds. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are the seeds of common cnidium fruit. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are semen plantaginis seeds. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are burdock seeds. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The invention was verified with the following tests:
test one: the test is a method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines of overground parts, and is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing loam, sandy soil and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 100:100:1 by adopting a soil dressing mode to obtain mixed soil, and then uniformly covering the mixed soil on the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by using a forklift, wherein the covering thickness is 10-20 cm;
secondly, ditching the mixed soil covered in the first step by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the distance between two adjacent ditches is 25-30 cm, the depth of each ditch is 1-3 cm, and the width of each ditch is 3-5 cm;
thirdly, sowing seeds of annual Chinese herbal medicines in the ditches opened in the second step in a direct sowing mode by adopting a no-tillage sowing machine for spring sowing;
fourthly, the mixed soil at the ditch edge is folded and covered on the Chinese herbal medicine seeds to form a covering layer, and then the conventional agricultural management is carried out according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese herbal medicine in the growth period;
fifthly, harvesting the overground part at the end of the growth period of the Chinese herbal medicine by adopting a harvester as a medicine;
and sixthly, sowing the Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the next year and in the spring later by adopting the mode of the first step to the fifth step.
The advantages of this test:
1. according to the biological principle, plant roots of purple perilla, red knotweed and the like are mainly distributed on a soil layer of 10-20 cm, so that the annual Chinese herbal medicine is planted by covering thin sandy soil on the surface of saline-alkali soil by adopting physical means of soil dressing and soil improvement; on one hand, as the agricultural organic fertilizer is mixed and applied in the covered thin sandy soil, the harm of industrial fertilizer to the environment is avoided, meanwhile, the organic substances in the soil are increased, a good growth condition is provided for plants, and on the other hand, an effective interlayer is formed, so that the obvious inhibition effect of a large amount of saline-alkali ions in the underground saline-alkali soil to the growth of the plants is avoided;
2. the method has low cost and simple operation. The large-scale machinery is used for covering with foreign soil once, so that the large-scale machinery can be effectively utilized for many years, and the planting effect is more obvious along with the growth of the planting years; a no-tillage planter is adopted for direct seeding, so that the seeds are not pretreated in advance in the early planting stage, and manpower and material resources are saved; by applying shallow sowing and drill sowing, disturbance to underground deep soil is avoided, and negative effects of salt and alkali return of deep soil are effectively inhibited;
3. the method has remarkable late economic benefit. Taking motherwort as an example, 300kg of medicinal materials are produced per mu, 50kg of seeds are produced per mu, and the profit per mu is about 5000 yuan.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting medicinal plants and harvesting annual Chinese herbal medicines on the overground part of moderate-severe saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the method for planting the medicinal plants and harvesting the annual Chinese herbal medicines on the overground part of moderate-severe saline-alkali soil is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, uniformly mixing loam, sandy soil and organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 100:100:1 by adopting a soil dressing mode to obtain mixed soil, and then uniformly covering the mixed soil on the surface of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by using a forklift, wherein the covering thickness is 10-20 cm;
secondly, ditching the mixed soil covered in the first step by adopting a rotary cultivator, wherein the distance between two adjacent ditches is 25-30 cm, the depth of each ditch is 1-3 cm, and the width of each ditch is 3-5 cm;
thirdly, sowing seeds of annual Chinese herbal medicines in the ditches opened in the second step in a direct sowing mode by adopting a no-tillage sowing machine for spring sowing;
fourthly, the mixed soil at the ditch edge is folded and covered on the Chinese herbal medicine seeds to form a covering layer, and then the conventional agricultural management is carried out according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese herbal medicine in the growth period;
fifthly, harvesting the overground part at the end of the growth period of the Chinese herbal medicine by adopting a harvester as a medicine;
and sixthly, sowing the Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the next year and in the spring later by adopting the mode of the first step to the fifth step.
2. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting the annual Chinese herbal medicines on the ground as claimed in claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are red-knees herb seeds.
3. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting aerial annual Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in step three are cocklebur seeds.
4. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting the annual Chinese herbal medicines on the ground according to claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are perilla seeds.
5. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting overground annual Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are leonurus seeds.
6. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting overground part of annual Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in step three are Agastache rugosa seeds.
7. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting the overground part of the annual Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in the third step are fructus cnidii seeds.
8. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting overground part of annual Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the seeds of the annual Chinese herbal medicine in the third step are semen plantaginis seeds.
9. The method for planting medicinal plants in moderately severe saline-alkali soil and harvesting overground part of annual Chinese herbal medicine according to claim 1, wherein the annual Chinese herbal medicine seeds in step three are burdock seeds.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116034823A (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2023-05-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for planting red knotweed in saline-alkali soil of pine and tender plain |
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