CN111452162A - Leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type straw skin and stalk separation device and separation method - Google Patents
Leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type straw skin and stalk separation device and separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111452162A CN111452162A CN202010454951.1A CN202010454951A CN111452162A CN 111452162 A CN111452162 A CN 111452162A CN 202010454951 A CN202010454951 A CN 202010454951A CN 111452162 A CN111452162 A CN 111452162A
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- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27J7/00—Mechanical working of tree or plant materials not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/02—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis
- A01F29/04—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis with feeding direction transverse to axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/74—Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
- B65G47/90—Devices for picking-up and depositing articles or materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
A leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type straw skin and stalk separation device and a separation method belong to the technical field of biomass energy utilization. Solves the problems of incomplete separation of the skin and the core of the straw, poor separation effect, low productivity and high energy consumption of the existing separation machinery. The key points are as follows: the feeding device, the leaf removing device, the positioning cutting device, the clamping device and the stalk scraping device are sequentially arranged on the rack; the feeding device is used for feeding straws and sending the straws into the leaf removing device; the leaf removing device is used for removing leaves from the straws, tearing the leaves of the straws, tearing off the leaves, and sending the straws into the positioning cutting device; the positioning cutting device is used for positioning and cutting the straws, longitudinally sectioning the straws and sending the straws into the clamping device; the clamping device is used for clamping the straws and driving the straws to move forwards to the straw scraping device; the device for scraping the stalk is used for separating the skin of the stalk. The method is used for separating the skin from the stalk of the straw.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for separating skin from stalk, in particular to a device and a method for separating skin from stalk of scraping stalk type straw with the functions of removing leaves and respectively collecting the skin from the stalk of the straw, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization.
Background
At present, biomass straws are important biomass resources, and straw skins comprise lignin and cellulose, have the characteristics of good toughness and higher strength, and can be used in industries such as papermaking and artificial boards; the straw stalk comprises protein, crude fat and cellulose, and can be used as feed and wine brewing adjuvants. When the straw powder is used for producing the artificial board, the artificial board has high water absorbability and low density due to the existence of straw stalk. Therefore, the characteristics of each component can be fully exerted by separating the skin and the stalk of the straw, and the utilization value of straw resources is improved.
At present, few devices for separating the skin from the stalk of the straw in China are in theoretical stages, and related devices have the problems of incomplete separation, poor separation effect, improper collection and classification of the skin from the stalk, and the like, and the problems become bottlenecks restricting the development of the devices for separating the skin from the stalk of the straw.
At present, the straw peeling machine has fewer patents and has defects, such as:
1. the applicant is shohuan, and patent number is CN201420275218.3, and the patent name is a crop straw decorticator, and main theory of operation utilizes the clamp plate to exert the pretightning force to the straw, and the direction of motion of abrasive band is perpendicular with the initial direction of motion of straw, therefore the straw gets into the workspace after, will roll at abrasive band working surface, and the floating design of clamp plate can make the abrasive band carry out the self-adaptation grinding on the straw surface, gets rid of the straw skin through the mode of grinding. However, the method can damage the structure of the straw and reduce the strength of the straw skin, and the effect of separating the stalk from the straw skin is not ideal.
2. The application human is little profit, and patent application number is CN201710733766.4, and the patent name is straw skin stalk leaf separator, and the main theory of operation is that send into the defoliation mechanism with the straw root forward, thereby the stalk leaf separation is realized to the preceding defoliation roller assembly that the straw blade at first received the back and forth arrangement and the striking of back defoliation roller assembly, the effect of rubbing. Then the straw enters a clamping conveying roller assembly and a cutting roller assembly, is cut along the lower middle part by a cutting knife on the cutting roller after being clamped, conveyed and positioned and supported, is unfolded from the middle part to two sides by unfolding wing plates of an unfolding roller assembly, and is then flattened by a flattening roller assembly. The flattened straws enter the stalk peeling roller assembly, and the stalk peeling knife rotating at high speed is used for cutting the stalks under the support of the stalk peeling supporting plate and directly throwing the stalks to the lower part. This patent application adopts the support of shelling the stalk backup pad to process the straw and can produce the centre gripping insecure, produces the problem of rocking, has its limitation when aiming at different cross-sections, and fixes a position the cutting inaccurate, and cutter separation efficiency is not high.
Based on the search of the patents and the existing mechanical combination, the peeling devices for sugarcane, bark and other substances are more, and the number of the straw skin-stalk separation devices is extremely small. The treatment capacity of the separation device is 1-2 t per hour by integrating other patents, and the separation effect is not ideal, so that the difficulty that researchers need to overcome by considering high quality and high efficiency is overcome. Therefore, a device and a method for separating the skin and the core of straw, which have high energy and low energy consumption and can be reasonably classified and collected, are urgently needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the facts, the invention aims to solve the problems of incomplete separation of the existing separation machinery on the skin and stalk of the straw, poor separation effect, low productivity and high energy consumption, and further provides a leaf-removing, skin-cutting and stalk-scraping type device for separating the skin and stalk of the straw, which has the characteristics of high quality and high efficiency under the same energy consumption, and the device can be used for separating the skin and the stalk of the straw by removing leaves of the straw, positioning and cutting the skin of the straw and scraping the stalk of the straw, wherein the separation rate is over 95 percent, and the treatment capacity per hour is up to 2.5 t.
The basic ideas and embodiments of the invention are briefly summarized below, and some concepts are given in a simplified form to make the following more detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a leaf removing, skin cutting and stalk scraping type straw skin and stalk separating device comprises a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a positioning and cutting device, a clamping device, a stalk scraping device and a rack, wherein the feeding device, the leaf removing device, the positioning and cutting device, the clamping device and the stalk scraping device are sequentially arranged on the rack;
the feeding device is used for feeding straws and sending the straws into the leaf removing device;
the leaf removing device is used for removing leaves of straws, tearing the leaves of the straws, tearing off the leaves, and sending the straws into the positioning cutting device;
the positioning cutting device is used for positioning and cutting straws, longitudinally sectioning the straws and sending the straws into the clamping device;
the clamping device is used for clamping the straws and driving the straws to move forwards to the stalk scraping device;
the stalk scraping device is used for separating the skin of the straw.
Further: the leaf removing device is a set of, two sets of or multiunit, when being two sets of or multiunit, sets up side by side along the width direction of frame, and every leaf removing device of group all includes the leaf removing disc that two upper and lower clearance arranged, installs a plurality of friction plates on two opposite faces that remove the leaf disc, and two are all installed on the far away face that removes the leaf disc and are removed the leaf axle, remove the leaf axle and drive and remove the rotation of leaf disc. So set up, remove the leaf axle and rotate under the drive of motor, and then the drive removes the rotation of leaf dish, and the friction plate tears the blade from the straw.
Further: two upper and lower blades are in constant speed and reverse rotation. So set up, improved the friction plate more and torn straw, and then can improve the leaf efficiency that removes of leaf device.
Further: a plurality of rectangular grooves are formed in the opposite surfaces of the leaf removing discs in an annular array mode, friction plates are installed in the rectangular grooves, and the friction plates protrude out of the leaf removing discs for a certain height.
Further: and chamfers are arranged at the outer edges of the opposite surfaces of the two leaf removing discs. So set up, make things convenient for the straw to get into.
Further: the utility model discloses a cutting device, including frame, location cutting device, lower roll, upper roll, location cutting roller, location cutting device, locating shaft, mounting groove, the location cutting device is a set of, two sets of or multiunit, when being two sets of or multiunit, sets up side by side along the length direction of frame, and every location cutting device of group all includes the roller that two upper and lower clearances arranged, and the lower roll is the bearing roller, and the upper roll is the location cutting roller, and the location cutting roller includes location axle, a plurality of registration rollers and a plurality of cutter, and the equidistant installation of registration rollers is epaxial in the location. So set up, the straw after removing the leaf through removing the leaf device gets into location cutting device, location cutting roller and bearing roller cooperation location, and the mounting groove can increase the friction of straw and bearing roller to can play better transport effect to the straw, wherein the cutter dissects the straw and divides into two halves.
In order to ensure that the straw is smoothly cut into two halves, on one hand, the rotating speed of the positioning cutting device needs to be large, and on the other hand, the cutting knife needs to be sharp enough, so that the thickness of the blade of the cutting knife is small, high-strength steel is preferably used as a material, and particularly, the selectable material is high-speed tool steel.
Further: each group of positioning and cutting devices comprises an upper roller and a lower roller, and a 3mm gap is reserved between the upper roller and the lower roller. Prevent registration roller and bearing roller collision each other in the course of the work.
Further: the number of the clamping devices is consistent with that of the positioning rollers, the clamping devices are arranged in parallel along the width direction of the rack and correspond to the front and rear positions of the positioning rollers, and each clamping device comprises a gear, a rack, a telescopic rod, a stepping motor, a base, a paw, an infrared sensor and a truss; the truss and the rack are installed on the rack in parallel, the stepping motor is installed on the truss through the sliding block and is connected with the gear, the gear is meshed with the rack, the sliding block is connected with the two infrared sensors through the connecting rod, the lower ends of the two infrared sensors are connected with the paw through the telescopic rod, the base is connected with the paw, and the base drives the paw to move to control the paw to be opened and closed. So set up, infrared inductor detects the straw and comes out from the location cutting device completely among the clamping device, and the manipulator is the extension motion downwards, and to straw department, the hand claw presss from both sides tightly, and the manipulator moves forward, and to scraping the stalk device department, the manipulator loosens, then upward movement retracts the hand claw to move backward, to the initial position. The clamping device is of a mechanical arm structure and has three degrees of freedom, namely forward and backward movement, up and down movement, and clamping and loosening of the paw. The back-and-forth motion is realized through gear and rack transmission, and is driven by a stepping motor to realize the uniform linear motion back and forth, and the stepping motor drives a gear to rotate, so that the manipulator moves back and forth. The up-and-down movement is realized through the extension and contraction of the connecting rod, and the up-and-down movement can be realized through pneumatic transmission. The opening and closing of the paw are completed by a connecting rod principle, and the base controls a rod to stretch and drive.
Further: the inner side of the paw is made of rubber material. So set up, increase coefficient of friction, improve the power of grabbing.
Further: the stalk scraping device comprises a stalk scraping shaft and a plurality of groups of stalk scraping knives, the number of the groups of the stalk scraping knives is consistent with the number of the positioning rollers, and the plurality of groups of the stalk scraping knives are axially arranged on the stalk scraping shaft.
Further: each group of the stalk scraping knives comprises a plurality of stalk scraping knives which are arranged in an annular array and fixedly arranged on a stalk scraping shaft through angle irons. So set up, the angle bar plays the enhancement effect to scraping the intensity of the sword of stalk when playing the connection effect. The straw is divided into two halves after passing through the positioning and cutting device, and the straw-scraping knife arranged on the angle iron scrapes the straw which is divided into two halves.
Further: the rotation diameter of the stalk scraping knife is 180m, the rotation speed is 1700r/min, the angle between the connecting line of the blade edge of the stalk scraping knife and the circle center of the stalk scraping shaft and the stalk scraping knife surface is 15 degrees, and the thickness of the stalk scraping knife is 5 mm.
Further: the feeding device comprises a feeding table and a feeding roller, the feeding table and the feeding roller are arranged in front and at back, and straws enter the defoliation device through the feeding table under the action of the feeding roller.
Further: the surface of the feeding roller is provided with a spiral bulge. So set up, the spiral protrusion can play certain centre gripping fixed action to the straw, also can increase the frictional force between straw and the feeding roller, plays certain prevention effect to the straw skids.
Further: the pitch of the spiral bulge is 55mm, and the height is 5 mm.
Further: many feeding passageways are designed above the feeding roller, the number of feeding passageways is consistent with the number of positioning rollers, the feeding passageways correspond to the mounting grooves on the positioning rollers one to one, and a plurality of straws can be processed simultaneously, so that the production efficiency is improved.
In order to solve the problem that the skin-stalk collection and classification are not in place after the skin-stalk is separated by the existing separation machine, the invention is further optimally designed, and the skin-stalk is reasonably collected after being separated.
The utility model provides a leaf removes straw skin-stalk separator of skin scraping-stalk formula, still includes collection device, sets up straw stalk ejection of compact collecting box scraping-stalk device below, sets up straw skin ejection of compact collecting box scraping-stalk device back below. By the arrangement, the classified collection of the straw skin and the straw stalk is realized, and the subsequent treatment process is simplified.
To ensure that the skin is collected completely without flying the skin. The hopper is arranged below the stalk scraping device, the hopper is mounted on the rack through an inclined plate and can collect the thrown straw stalk, the platform below the rack can collect straw skin, and the notch at the bottom of the rack can collect residues at other positions.
The straw separating machine aims to solve the problem that straws with large sections are difficult to push into a separating device when the existing separating machine meets the straws, and the straw separating machine is further optimally designed.
The utility model provides a leaf removing, skin cutting and scraping stalk type straw skin-stalk separator, still includes tilting mechanism, and tilting mechanism installs in the frame, and is located feeding platform top, includes trip shaft and installs the returning face plate on the trip shaft. So set up, can push the straw into separator through tilting mechanism when meetting the great straw in cross-section.
Further: the utility model provides a straw skin stalk separator of defoliation, skin cutting and scraping stalk formula, still includes quick-witted case, and the machine case cover is outside the frame, sets up movable window on a lateral wall of machine case, can open and can observe inside behavior, and the machine case uses heat preservation, heat-resisting material to make simultaneously, utilizes the equipment heat that produces at the working hour, places the quick-witted incasement of unprocessed straw and dries, dehydration. The bottom of the case is provided with a notch which can collect residues at other parts.
In the first scheme: in the straw entering device under the effect of feeding roller, can push the straw into the device through tilting mechanism when meetting the great straw in cross-section, the straw that moisture content is less than 50% gets into except that the leaf dish, and the friction plate on removing the leaf dish reaches the effect of removing the leaf with the friction of straw leaf, and the straw after removing the leaf dish removes the leaf is carried to location cutting device, and location cutting device carries out the rigidity with the straw of conveying earlier to carry out the cutting process, cut into two halves with the straw. When the straws are detected to completely come out of the cutting device, the manipulator extends downwards to the position of the straws, and the claw clamps the straws; the manipulator then moves forward to the scraping blade, releases the manipulator, then moves upward again to retract, and moves backward to the starting position. The stalk is thrown out to the lower funnel under the rotation action of the stalk scraping knife. The straw skin is discharged through a discharge hole arranged below the clamping device. The notch is arranged below the case, unprocessed straws with high humidity can be dried, and the whole process can be monitored in real time through the window of the case.
In view of the foregoing device for separating skin from stalk by removing leaves and cutting skin and scraping stalk, the present invention also provides a method for separating skin from stalk by removing leaves and cutting skin and scraping stalk, which is implemented by the above separation device.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme II:
a method for separating skin from stalk of straw of a kind of defoliation skin-cutting scraping stalk type, the straw enters the skin from stalk separator of the straw under the influence of the feed roll, the straw with water content less than 50% enters and removes the leaf disc, the friction plate on removing the leaf disc rubs with the straw leaf and removes the leaf, the straw after removing the leaf disc and removing the leaf is conveyed to the positioning cutting device through removing the leaf disc, the positioning cutting device carries on the position fixing to the straw conveyed first, and cut and process, cut the straw into two halves; when the straws are detected to completely come out of the positioning and cutting device, the manipulator extends downwards to the position of the straws, and the claw clamps the straws; then the manipulator moves forwards to the position of the core scraping knife, loosens the manipulator, then moves upwards to retract, and moves backwards to the initial position; the mechanical arm moves forwards and dissects the two halves of straws, the stalk is separated from the peel under the action of a stalk scraping knife driven by a stalk scraping shaft, the straw is thrown into a hopper below under the rotation action of the stalk scraping knife, and the mechanical arm loosens the straw peel and falls on the platform.
Further: when the water content of the straws is more than or equal to 50 percent, drying and pretreating the straws.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme three:
a method for separating skin from stalk of straw with the functions of removing leaves and cutting skin and scraping stalk comprises the following specific procedures of feeding straw, removing leaves from straw, positioning and cutting, mechanically clamping, scraping inner stalk, and separating and collecting materials; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: feeding straws: selecting straws with the water content of less than 50% and the cross section of 6-50mm, and feeding the straws into a leaf removing device through a feeding table under the action of a feeding roller; when the cross section of the straw is larger, the straw is pushed into the machine through the turnover mechanism;
step 2: removing leaves of the straws: the straw enters the leaf removing device, the upper leaf removing disc and the lower leaf removing disc reversely rotate at a constant speed, each disc is provided with six rectangular grooves, friction plates are arranged in the grooves, and the friction plates protrude from the leaf removing discs to play a role in tearing the straw, so that the leaves are torn off;
and step 3: positioning and cutting: the straw after being subjected to leaf removal by the leaf removing device enters a positioning cutting device, a positioning cutting roller is matched with a carrier roller, mounting grooves of the positioning cutting roller correspond to feeding channels in a feeding table one by one, the positioning roller and the carrier roller are positioned, the straw is pushed into the next working procedure, and meanwhile, a cutter cuts the straw into two parts;
and 4, step 4: mechanical clamping: when the infrared sensor in the clamping device detects that the straws completely come out of the positioning and cutting device, the manipulator extends downwards until the straws are clamped by the claw, moves forwards until the stalk scraping knife is reached, releases the manipulator, moves upwards to retract the hand, and moves backwards until the initial position;
and 5: scraping the inner stalk: the mechanical arm cuts the two halves of straws while moving forwards, and the stalk is separated from the peel under the action of a stalk scraping knife driven by a stalk scraping shaft;
step 6: collecting materials: the cut-out stalk is thrown into the funnel under the rotation action of the stalk scraping knife, and the mechanical arm loosens the straw skin and falls on the platform.
Further limitations given above can be combined arbitrarily without conflicting configurations.
The invention achieves the following effects:
1) according to the invention, through devices and processes of removing straw leaves, positioning and cutting straw skins, scraping straw stalks and the like, the straw with the water content of less than 50% is subjected to skin-stalk separation treatment, the separation rate can reach more than 95%, and the treatment capacity per hour reaches 2.5 t;
2) according to the invention, the stalk scraping mode is adopted, so that the integral structure of the straw is not damaged and the mechanical property of the straw skin is not reduced while the straw peeling effect is realized;
3) the multi-feed-in channel is arranged, so that a plurality of straws can be processed at the same time, and the production efficiency is improved;
4) the invention adopts the mode that the installation groove of the positioning cutting roller and the carrier roller form a trapezoidal space for positioning cutting, thereby improving the accuracy of cutting the straw skin;
5) the straw stalk scraping device is provided with the straw stalk discharging collection box, and the straw skin discharging collection box is arranged below the rear part of the straw stalk scraping device. By the arrangement, the classified collection of the straw skin and the straw stalk is realized, and the subsequent treatment process is simplified;
6) the invention is provided with the leaf removing disc to remove the leaves of the raw material straws, thereby improving the efficiency of straw tissue classification treatment;
7) the clamping device adopts a manipulator structure, pressure can be applied to two sides of the straws with different cross sections, and the claw walls are made of rubber materials, so that the contact friction coefficient of the clamping device with the straws is improved;
8) the straw cutting machine is provided with the infrared sensor for detecting whether the straws come out of the cutting device or not, and the degree of automation is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the separation of the skin of the straw according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the separation of the skin from the stalk of the straw according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the feed roll of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the turnover mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the inventive leaf removing device;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the inventive defoliating device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a positioning and cutting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the positioning cutting roller of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the idler of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the cutting tool of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the robot of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for scraping stalk according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for scraping stalk according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a scraping blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a funnel according to the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the chassis of the present invention.
The corresponding relation between the component names and the figure numbers in the figure is as follows:
1-turnover mechanism; 2-a feeding station; 3-a leaf removing device; 4-positioning the cutting device; 5-a clamping device; 6-a device for scraping the stalk; 7-a sloping plate; 8-an active window; 9-notch; 10-a friction plate; 11-a leaf removing disc; 12-removing the leaf shaft; 13-positioning the cutting roller; 14-a cutter; 15-carrying rollers; 16-a screw; 17-a gear; 18-a rack; 19-a telescopic rod; 20-a stepper motor; 21-a base; 22-paw; 23-the scratch axes; 24-stalk scraping knife; 25-angle iron; 26-a funnel; 27-a feed roll; 28-a chassis; 29-infrared sensor; 30-a platform; 31-a frame; 32-a positioning roller; 33-positioning the shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "secured" are to be construed broadly. For example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying examples and figures 1-17.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-2, the device for separating skin from stalk of straw of the present embodiment comprises a feeding device, a leaf removing device, a positioning and cutting device, a clamping device, a stalk scraping device, and a collecting device; the feeding device, the leaf removing device 3, the positioning cutting device 4, the clamping device 5 and the stalk scraping device 6 are sequentially arranged on the frame 31; the collecting device is arranged on the rack and is positioned below the core scraping device 6; the feeding device is used for feeding straws and sending the straws into the leaf removing device 3; the leaf removing device 3 is used for removing leaves of straws, tearing the leaves of the straws, tearing off the leaves, and sending the straws into the positioning cutting device 4; the positioning cutting device 4 is used for positioning and cutting straws, longitudinally sectioning the straws and sending the straws into the clamping device; the clamping device 5 is used for clamping the straws and driving the straws to move forwards to the straw scraping device 6; the stalk scraping device 6 is used for separating the skin and the stalk of the straw; the collecting device is used for collecting the separated straw skin and straw stalk.
Example 2: referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the straw skin-stalk separation device further comprises a turnover mechanism 1, wherein the turnover mechanism 1 is installed on the rack 31 and located above the feeding table 2 and comprises a turnover shaft and a turnover plate installed on the turnover shaft. When encountering straws with larger cross sections, the straws can be pushed into the separation device through the turnover mechanism 1, and the turnover mechanism 1 is arranged at the feeding table to facilitate the feeding of the straws; the feeding device comprises a feeding table 2 and a feeding roller 27, the feeding table 2 and the feeding roller 27 are arranged in front of and behind each other, and straws enter the defoliation device 3 through the feeding table 2 under the action of the feeding roller 27; the feeding roller 27 is provided with spiral protrusions on the surface, the pitch of the spiral protrusions is 55mm, the height of the spiral protrusions is 5mm, the spiral protrusions can play a certain clamping and fixing role on the straws, the friction force between the straws and the feeding roller can be increased, and a certain prevention effect on straw slipping is achieved. 8 feeding channels are designed above the feeding roller 27, so that a plurality of straws can be processed at the same time, and the production efficiency is improved.
Example 3: referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 or 2 in that: the leaf removing device 3 is two sets of to set up side by side along the width direction of frame 31, every group leaf removing device 3 all includes two leaf removing discs 11 that the clearance arranged from top to bottom, and two annular arrays are provided with six rectangular channels on removing the opposite face of leaf disc 11, and friction plate 10 is installed in the rectangular channel, and friction plate 10 protrusion 10mm height in removing leaf disc 11, two remove all install on the face of keeping away from of leaf disc 11 and remove leaf shaft 12, remove leaf shaft 12 and drive and remove leaf disc 11 and rotate. The leaf removing shaft 12 is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the leaf removing disc is driven to rotate, and the friction plate tears the leaves from the straws. Two that arrange from top to bottom remove 11 constant speed antiport of leaf dish, improved more that the friction plate tears the straw, and then can improve the efficiency of removing leaf device 3. A gap is reserved between the upper disc and the lower disc, and the leaf removing disc is chamfered by 50 degrees, so that straws can enter conveniently.
Example 4: referring to fig. 1 to 10, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1, 2 or 3 in that: location cutting device 4 is two sets of, length direction along the frame sets up side by side, every location cutting device 4 of group all includes the roller that two upper and lower 3mm clearance arranged, prevent that registration roller 32 and bearing roller 15 from colliding each other in the course of the work, the lower roll is bearing roller 15, it is location cutting roller 13 to go up the roller, location cutting roller 13 is including location axle 33, 8 registration roller 32 and 8 cutters 14, registration roller 32 is equidistant to be installed on location axle 33, be equipped with the mounting groove of inside concave curve on the outer circumference of registration roller 32, install cutter 14 through screw 16 in the mounting groove, the trapezoidal space that forms between the groove of location cutting roller and the location bearing roller, also be location cutting device's important component, mounting groove and feeding passageway one-to-one on the registration roller 32. The straw after the leaves are removed by the leaf removing device 3 enters the positioning cutting device 4, the positioning cutting roller 13 is matched with the carrier roller 15 for positioning, the mounting groove can increase the friction between the straw and the carrier roller 15, so that the straw can be well conveyed, and the cutter 14 dissects the straw into two halves. In order to ensure the smooth cutting of the straw into two halves, on one hand, the rotation speed of the positioning cutting device should be large, and on the other hand, the cutting knife should be sharp enough, so that the thickness of the blade of the cutting knife 14 is thin, and high-strength steel is preferably used as the material, and particularly, the material which can be selected is high-speed tool steel.
Example 5: referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4 in that: the clamping device is a manipulator device which has three degrees of freedom, namely forward and backward movement, up and down movement, and clamping and loosening of the paw. The back and forth movement is realized by the transmission of a gear 17 and a rack 18, the back and forth movement is realized by the driving of a stepping motor 20, the back and forth linear movement with uniform speed is realized, and the stepping motor 20 drives the gear 17 to rotate, so that the manipulator moves back and forth. The up-and-down movement is realized through the extension and contraction of the connecting rod, and the up-and-down movement can be realized through pneumatic transmission. The opening and closing of the gripper 22 are completed through a connecting rod principle, a base controls a rod to stretch and drive, and the inner wall of the gripper 22 is made of rubber materials to improve the gripping force. Meanwhile, an infrared sensor with the model of XKC-001A-J is adopted, the principle that infrared light emits to the surface of the straw is utilized, when the straw enters the lower part of the sensor, the sensing is immediately judged, and a control instruction is sent out, so that the function of intelligent control is realized. The 8 clamping devices 5 are arranged in parallel along the width direction of the rack and correspond to the front position and the rear position of the positioning roller 32, and each clamping device 5 comprises a gear 17, a rack 18, an expansion link 19, a stepping motor 20, a base 21, a paw 22, an infrared sensor 29 and a truss; the truss and the rack 18 are installed on the rack in parallel, the stepping motor 20 is installed on the truss through a sliding block, the stepping motor 20 is connected with the gear 17, the gear 17 is meshed with the rack 18, the sliding block is connected with the two infrared sensors 29 through a connecting rod, the lower ends of the two infrared sensors 29 are connected with the paw 22 through the telescopic rod 19, the base 21 is connected with the paw 22, and the base 21 drives the paw 22 to move to control the paw 22 to open and close.
Example 6: referring to fig. 1 to 15, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 in that: the device 6 comprises a shaft 23 and 8 groups of shaft scraping knives 24, wherein the 8 groups of shaft scraping knives 24 are axially arranged on the shaft 23. Each group of the stalk scraping knives 24 comprises 8 stalk scraping knives 24, the 8 stalk scraping knives 24 are arranged in two rows of annular arrays, and the 8 stalk scraping knives 24 are fixedly mounted on the stalk scraping shaft 23 through 6 angle irons 25. The angle iron 25 plays a role in connecting and improving the strength of the stalk scraping knife 24. The straw is divided into two halves after passing through the positioning and cutting device 4, and the stalk scraping knife 24 arranged on the angle iron 25 scrapes the stalk of the divided straw. The rotation diameter of the core scraping knife 24 is 180m, the rotation speed is 1700r/min, the angle between the connecting line of the cutting edge of the core scraping knife 24 and the center of the core scraping shaft 23 and the core scraping knife surface is 15 degrees, and the thickness of the core scraping knife is 5 mm.
Example 7: referring to fig. 1 to 17, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 in that: the straw skin-stalk separation device further comprises a case 28, the case 28 covers the outside of the frame, a movable window 8 is arranged on one side wall of the case 28 and can be opened to observe the internal working condition, meanwhile, the case 28 is made of heat-insulating and heat-resisting materials, and unprocessed straws are placed in the case to be dried and dehydrated by utilizing heat generated by equipment during working. The bottom of the case is provided with a notch 9 which can collect the residues at the rest parts. The lower part of the stalk scraping device is provided with a straw stalk discharging collection box, and the lower part of the rear part of the stalk scraping device is provided with a straw skin discharging collection box. The classified collection of the skin and the stalk of the straw is realized, and the subsequent treatment process is simplified. To ensure that the skin is collected completely without flying the skin. The hopper 26 is arranged below the stalk scraping device, the hopper 26 is arranged on the rack through the inclined plate 7 and can collect the thrown straw stalk, the platform 30 below the rack can collect straw skin, and the notch at the bottom of the rack can collect residues at other parts.
Example 8: referring to fig. 1 to 17, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 in that: the embodiment provides a leaf-removing and skin-cutting and core-scraping type straw skin and core separation method, which comprises the specific procedures of straw feeding, straw leaf removing, positioning cutting, mechanical clamping, core scraping and material separation and collection; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: feeding straws: selecting straws with the water content of less than 50 percent and the cross section of 6-50mm, and feeding the straws into the leaf removing device 3 through the feeding table 2 under the action of the feeding roller 27; when the cross section of the straw is larger, the straw is pushed into the machine through the turnover mechanism 1;
step 2: removing leaves of the straws: the straws enter the leaf removing device 3, the upper leaf removing disc 11 and the lower leaf removing disc 11 rotate reversely at a constant speed, each disc is provided with six rectangular grooves, friction plates 10 are arranged in the grooves, and the friction plates 10 protrude from the leaf removing discs 11 to play a role in tearing the straws, so that leaves are torn off;
and step 3: positioning and cutting: the straws which are subjected to leaf removal by the leaf removing device 3 enter the positioning cutting device 4, the positioning cutting roller 13 is matched with the carrier roller 15, the mounting groove of the positioning cutting roller 13 corresponds to the feeding channel in the feeding table 2 one by one, the positioning roller 32 and the carrier roller 15 are positioned and pushed into the next working procedure, and meanwhile, the cutter 14 cuts the straws into two parts;
and 4, step 4: mechanical clamping: when the infrared sensor 29 in the clamping device 5 detects that the straws completely come out of the positioning and cutting device 4, the manipulator extends downwards until the straws are clamped by the gripper 22, moves forwards until the stalk scraping knife 24, releases the manipulator, moves upwards to retract the manipulator, moves backwards and reaches the initial position;
and 5: scraping the inner stalk: the manipulator cuts the two halves of straw while moving forwards, and the straw is separated from the peel under the action of a straw scraping knife 24 driven by a straw scraping shaft 23;
step 6: collecting materials: the cut-out stalk is thrown into the funnel 26 under the rotation action of the stalk scraping knife 24, and the manipulator loosens the straw skin and falls on the platform 30.
The above relates to the rotation of the shaft, which may be in a rotational relationship with the frame support using bearings and bearing blocks.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (16)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a feeding device, a leaf removing device (3), a positioning and cutting device (4), a clamping device (5), a stalk scraping device (6) and a rack (31), wherein the feeding device, the leaf removing device (3), the positioning and cutting device (4), the clamping device (5) and the stalk scraping device (6) are sequentially arranged on the rack (31);
the feeding device is used for feeding straws and sending the straws into the leaf removing device (3);
the leaf removing device (3) is used for removing leaves of straws, tearing the leaves of the straws, tearing off the leaves, and sending the straws into the positioning cutting device;
the positioning cutting device (4) is used for positioning and cutting straws, longitudinally sectioning the straws and sending the straws into the clamping device;
the clamping device (5) is used for clamping the straws and driving the straws to move forwards to the straw scraping device (6);
the stalk scraping device (6) is used for separating the stalk from the straw skin.
2. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: remove leaf device (3) and be a set of, two sets of or multiunit, when being two sets of or multiunit, set up side by side along the width direction of frame (31), every group removes leaf device and all includes two leaf discs (11) that remove that the clearance arranged from top to bottom, and two remove and install a plurality of friction plates (10) on the opposite face of leaf disc (11), and two remove and all install on the face of keeping away from of leaf disc (11) and remove leaf axle (12), remove leaf axle (12) and drive and remove leaf disc (11) and rotate.
3. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 2, wherein the device comprises: the utility model discloses a cutting device, including frame (31), location cutting device (4), every group location cutting device (4), the lower roll is bearing roller (15), it is location cutting roller (13) to go up the roller of roller (13) for the length direction of frame (31) sets up side by side, every group location cutting device (4) all includes two clearance arrangements from top to bottom, the lower roll is bearing roller (15), it is location cutting roller (13) to go up the roller, location cutting roller (13) are including location axle (33), a plurality of location roller (32) and a plurality of cutter (14), location roller (32) equidistant installation is on location axle (33), be equipped with the mounting groove of inside concave curve on the outer periphery of location roller (32), installation cutter (14).
4. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 3, wherein the device comprises: the number of the clamping devices (5) is consistent with that of the positioning rollers (32), the clamping devices (5) are arranged in parallel along the width direction of the rack (31) and correspond to the front position and the rear position of the positioning rollers (32), and each clamping device (5) comprises a gear (17), a rack (18), an expansion link (19), a stepping motor (20), a base (21), a paw (22), an infrared sensor (29) and a truss; the truss and the rack are installed on the rack (31) in parallel, the stepping motor (20) is installed on the truss through a sliding block, the stepping motor (20) is connected with the gear (17), the gear (17) is meshed with the rack (18), the sliding block is connected with the two infrared sensors (29) through a connecting rod, the lower ends of the two infrared sensors (29) are connected with the paw (22) through a telescopic rod (19), the base (21) is connected with the paw (22), the base (21) drives the paw (22) to move, and the paw (22) is controlled to be opened and closed.
5. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the device comprises: the device for scraping the core (6) comprises a core scraping shaft (23) and a plurality of groups of core scraping knives (24), the number of the groups of the core scraping knives (24) is consistent with the number of the positioning rollers (32), and the plurality of groups of the core scraping knives (24) are axially arranged on the core scraping shaft (23).
6. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 4, wherein the device comprises: the feeding device comprises a feeding table (2) and a feeding roller (27), the feeding table (2) and the feeding roller (27) are arranged in front and at back, and straws enter the defoliation device (3) through the feeding table (2) under the action of the feeding roller (27).
7. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the device comprises: the straw skin discharging and collecting device is characterized by further comprising a collecting device, wherein a straw discharging collecting box is arranged below the straw scraping device, and a platform for collecting straw skin discharging is arranged below the rear portion of the straw scraping device.
8. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the device comprises: the turnover mechanism is characterized by further comprising a turnover mechanism (1), wherein the turnover mechanism (1) is installed on the rack (31), is positioned above the feeding table (2), and comprises a turnover shaft and a turnover plate installed on the turnover shaft.
9. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the utility model provides a straw skin stalk separator of except that leaf skin-cutting scraping stalk formula, still includes quick-witted case (28), and quick-witted case (28) cover is in the frame outside, and the setting of a side wall of quick-witted case (28) is movable window (8), and machine bottom portion sets up notch (9).
10. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 2, wherein the device comprises: two blade removing discs (11) which are arranged up and down rotate in opposite directions at a constant speed.
11. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 2, wherein the device comprises: a plurality of rectangular grooves are formed in the opposite surfaces of the leaf removing discs (11) in an annular array mode, the friction plates (10) are installed in the rectangular grooves, and the friction plates (10) protrude out of the leaf removing discs (11) by a certain height.
12. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 5, wherein the device comprises: each group of the stalk scraping knives (24) comprises a plurality of stalk scraping knives (24), and the plurality of stalk scraping knives (24) are annularly arrayed and fixedly arranged on the stalk scraping shaft (23) through angle irons (25).
13. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 6, wherein the device comprises: the surface of the feeding roller (27) is designed with spiral bulges.
14. The device for separating the skin from the stalk according to claim 6, wherein the device comprises: a plurality of feeding channels are designed above the feeding roller (27), the number of the feeding channels is consistent with that of the positioning rollers (32), and the feeding channels correspond to the mounting grooves in the positioning rollers (32) one by one.
15. A method for separating skin from stalk of straw in a leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type mode is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that under the action of a feeding roller, straws enter a straw skin-stalk separation device, the straws with the water content of less than 50% enter a leaf removing disc, a friction plate on the leaf removing disc and straw leaves are rubbed to remove leaves, the straws subjected to leaf removal by the leaf removing disc are conveyed to a positioning cutting device, the positioning cutting device fixes the position of the conveyed straws firstly, and the straws are cut into two parts; when the straws are detected to completely come out of the positioning and cutting device, the manipulator extends downwards to the position of the straws, and the claw clamps the straws; then the manipulator moves forwards to the position of the core scraping knife, loosens the manipulator, then moves upwards to retract, and moves backwards to the initial position; the mechanical arm moves forwards and dissects the two halves of straws, the stalk is separated from the peel under the action of a stalk scraping knife driven by a stalk scraping shaft, the straw is thrown into a hopper below under the rotation action of the stalk scraping knife, and the mechanical arm loosens the straw peel and falls on the platform.
16. A method for separating skin from stalk of straw in a leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type mode is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific process comprises the steps of feeding straws, removing leaves of the straws, positioning and cutting, mechanically clamping, scraping inner stalks, and separating and collecting materials; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: feeding straws: selecting straws with the water content of less than 50% and the cross section of 6-50mm, and feeding the straws into a leaf removing device (3) through a feeding table (2) under the action of a feeding roller (27); when the cross section of the straw is larger, the straw is pushed into the machine through the turnover mechanism (1);
step 2: removing leaves of the straws: the straws enter the leaf removing device (3), the upper leaf removing disc (11) and the lower leaf removing disc (11) rotate reversely at a constant speed, each disc is provided with six rectangular grooves, friction plates (10) are arranged in the grooves, and the friction plates (10) protrude from the leaf removing discs (11) to play a role in tearing the straws, so that leaves are torn off;
and step 3: positioning and cutting: the straws which are subjected to leaf removal by the leaf removing device (3) enter the positioning cutting device (4), the positioning cutting roller (13) is matched with the carrier roller (15), the mounting groove of the positioning cutting roller (13) is in one-to-one correspondence with the feeding channel in the feeding table (2), the positioning roller (32) and the carrier roller (15) are positioned and pushed into the next working procedure, and meanwhile, the cutter (14) cuts the straws into two parts;
and 4, step 4: mechanical clamping: when the infrared sensor (29) in the clamping device (5) detects that the straws completely come out of the positioning and cutting device (4), the manipulator extends downwards until the straws are clamped by the claw (22), moves forwards until the straw scraping knife (24), releases the manipulator, moves upwards to retract the hand, and moves backwards until the starting position;
and 5: scraping the inner stalk: the manipulator cuts the two halves of straw while moving forwards, and the stalk is separated from the peel under the action of a stalk scraping knife (24) driven by a stalk scraping shaft (23);
step 6: collecting materials: the cut-out stalk is thrown into a funnel (26) under the rotation action of a stalk scraping knife (24), and a manipulator loosens the straw skin and falls on a platform (30).
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| CN202010454951.1A CN111452162A (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type straw skin and stalk separation device and separation method |
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| CN202010454951.1A CN111452162A (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Leaf-removing and skin-cutting scraping type straw skin and stalk separation device and separation method |
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