CN111372801A - 带有两个电机和一个内燃机的混合动力驱动系 - Google Patents

带有两个电机和一个内燃机的混合动力驱动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111372801A
CN111372801A CN201880075679.7A CN201880075679A CN111372801A CN 111372801 A CN111372801 A CN 111372801A CN 201880075679 A CN201880075679 A CN 201880075679A CN 111372801 A CN111372801 A CN 111372801A
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electric machine
drive train
combustion engine
internal combustion
drive
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CN201880075679.7A
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CN111372801B (zh
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斯特芬·莱曼
安德烈亚斯·特兰肯舒
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于混合动力车辆的驱动系(1)，驱动系带有变速器输入轴(2)，变速器输入轴在第一子驱动系(3)上与第一电机(4)和内燃机(5)作用相连以便转矩传输，并且变速器输入轴在第二子驱动系(6)上与第二电机(7)作用相连以便转矩传输，其中第二电机(7)与变速器输入轴(2)以转矩传输方式永久连接，并且第一电机(4)和内燃机(5)与变速器输入轴(2)能以为了转矩传输而能联接的方式来连接。

Description

带有两个电机和一个内燃机的混合动力驱动系
技术领域
本发明涉及用于混合动力车辆的驱动系，驱动系带有变速器输入轴，变速器输入轴在第一子驱动系上与第一电机和内燃机作用相连(Wirkbeziehung)以便转矩传输，并且变速器输入轴在第二子驱动系上与第二电机作用相连以便转矩传输。
背景技术
从现有技术中已知用于混合动力车辆的驱动装置。例如，DE 10 2015 222 691 A1公开了一种混合动力车辆的驱动装置和及其控制方法，驱动装置包括内燃机、第一电机、第二电机和蓄电池。
DE 10 2015 222 690 A1也公开了一种混合动力车辆的驱动装置及其控制方法，驱动装置包括内燃机、第一电机、第二电动机和蓄电池，其中用于驱动混合动力车辆的驱动装置可在以下的三个运行模式中运行，即：纯电动运行，其中，在内燃机关闭期间借助第二电机产生行驶驱动转矩；串联混合动力运行，其中，通过第二电机产生行驶驱动转矩，并且内燃机驱动第一电机以用于产生电能；并行混合动力运行，其中，借助内燃机产生行驶驱动转矩，其中方法包括：在串联混合动力运行中如下地控制驱动装置，即，内燃机在基于组合的效率的工作点上运行，该组合的效率依赖于内燃机的效率和第一电机的效率。
此外，DE 10 2015 222 692 A1还公开了一种混合动力车辆的驱动装置及其运行方法以驱动驱动轮，其中驱动装置包括内燃机、与内燃机联接的第一电机、第二电机、蓄电池和在内燃机和驱动轮之间的主离合器，其中该方法包括在以下三个运行模式的第一运行模式中运行驱动装置，即：纯电动运行，其中，在内燃机关闭期间作用到驱动轮上的行驶驱动转矩借助第二电机产生；串联混合动力运行，其中，内燃机驱动第一电机以用于产生电能，第二电机使用电能以产生行驶驱动转矩；并行混合动力运行，其中，行驶驱动转矩借助内燃机产生；并且从这三个运行模式中的第一运行模式到第二运行模式至少进行一次改变，其中在从第一运行模式改变到第二运行模式期间所提供的行驶驱动转矩对应于在改变之前和之后所提供的行驶驱动转矩之间的合适地可选择的变化。
另外，DE 10 2015 222 694 A1公开了一种混合动力车辆的驱动装置及其运行方法以用于驱动驱动轮，其中驱动装置包括内燃机、与内燃机联接的第一电机、与驱动轮能联接的第二电机以及蓄电池，并且进一步包括布置在内燃机和驱动轮之间的主离合器和变速器，其中该方法具有：在挂入变速器的第一挡时，在针对并行混合动力运行中的第一挡的第一转速的情况下运行内燃机，其中当主离合器关闭时，通过内燃机产生作用到驱动轮上的行驶驱动转矩；改变到串联混合动力运行，其中内燃机驱动第一电机以用于产生电能，第二电机使用电能以产生行驶驱动转矩；打开主离合器；在并联混合运行中在主离合器打开时将内燃机的转速调节到用于变速器的第二挡的第二转速；挂入变速器的第二挡；闭合主离合器；并且在挂入第二挡期间进行到并行混合动力运行中的改变。
然而，现有技术一直具有如下缺点，即带有两个电机和一个内燃机的混合动力车辆的驱动系非常占用空间，特别是在整个轴向长度方面，并且由于需要大量的例如齿轮、齿轮对、轴承和轴等构件而非常高成本。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是避免或至少降低现有技术中的缺点。特别地，改进了用于带有两个电机和一个内燃机的混合动力车辆的驱动系，该驱动系不仅可以节约空间而且低成本。
本发明的任务在此类设备中根据本发明通过如下方式解决，即，将第二电机与变速器输入轴以转矩传输的方式永久地(即，持久地/固定地/并非以能联接的方式)连接，并且第一电机和内燃机与变速器输入轴能以为了转矩传输而能联接(即可选择地切换)的方式来连接。即，取消在现有技术中描述的将内燃机与第一电机以及将第一电机与变速器输入轴以能联接的方式连接的离合器K1和K2。其优点是，由此可以明显地降低所需构件的数量，这促成有利的总成本。
有利的实施方案在从属权利要求中给出，并且在下文中进一步解释。
此外合适的是，第一电机和第二电机彼此同轴地布置。由此，可以取消用于将第一电机的转矩传输到第二电机的从动轴上(并且从此处传输到变速器输入轴上)的传动级，这有利地影响了构件的数量并且因此有利地影响了成本。
此外的优点在于，在带有第二电机的第二子驱动系和带有第一电机和内燃机的第一子驱动系之间布置有可切换的离合器。换言之，因此在两个电机之间布置分离离合器(K0)，这有利地实现了驱动系的紧凑的构造并且因此实现了总轴向长度的降低。此外，由此降低了在分离离合器上待传输的转矩，这以有利的方式实现了带有更低的结构空间需求的分离离合器的更紧凑的构造。也有利的是，第一电机和第二电机布置并且构造为使其在分离离合器闭合时以相同的转速转动。
此外有利的是在驱动系内仅布置一个离合器。即，在内燃机和第一电机之间以及在第二电机和变速器输入轴之间的离合器以不用替代的方式被取消。由此有利地实现了所需的构件的降低。
此外有利的是，第一电机与内燃机以转矩传输的方式永久地(即持久地)连接。因此，可以取消内燃机和第一电机之间的离合器。这仅在如下情况中是有利的，即混合动力车辆不在仅通过第一电机进行电行驶的运行状态中被驱动。
有利的实施例的特征也在于，在内燃机和第一电机以及第二电机之间仅构造一个(第一)传动级。通过两个电机彼此的同轴布置以及内燃机与两个电机的轴线平行的布置，因此仅需一个传动级。由此有利地节省了用于另外的传动级的附加的构件。
因此特别地有利的是，内燃机与第一电机和/或第二电机轴线平行地布置。因此，一方面仅需共同的传动级，并且另一方面可实现内燃机的驱动凸缘到第一电机的从动轴和/或第二电机的从动轴的转矩传输。
在此，特别地有利的是，从内燃机作为驱动元件并且两个电机作为被驱动的元件出发内燃机和第一电机和/或第二电机之间的传动级被构造为升速传动比(i<1)。在替选的实施方案中也可实现降速传动比。
此外有利的是，在两个电机的从动轴和变速器输入轴或副轴之间存在其他的(第二)传动级。因此，第一子驱动系和/或第二子驱动系的转矩可以以转递的方式传递到变速器上。
特别地有利的是，从第二电机的从动轴作为驱动元件并且副轴作为被驱动的元件出发第二传动级被构造为降速传动比(i>1)。在替选的实施方案中也可实现升速传动比。
此外合适的是，在副轴和差速器之间存在其他的(第三)传动级。因此，副轴的转矩可以以转递的方式传递到差速器上。
特别地有利的是，从副轴作为驱动元件并且差速器作为被驱动的元件出发第三传动级被构造为降速传动比(i>1)。在替选的实施方案中也可实现升速传动比。
此外，有利的实施例的特征在于，第一电机的从动轴布置在第二电机的从动轴的径向内部。由此可以将两个电机有利地以很节约空间的方式布置，而不影响两个电机的功能性。
此外有利的是，第一电机和第二电机沿轴向方向布置在(第一)传动级或(第二)传动级的一侧上，并且内燃机沿轴向方向布置在(第一)传动级或(第二)传动级的另一侧上。
此外有利的是，第一电机在第一电机的一侧上支承在变速器壳体中并且在第一电机的另一侧上支承在第二电机的从动轴上，或第二电机在第二电机的一侧上支承在变速器壳体中并且在第二电机的另一侧上支承在第一电机的从动轴上。
此外合适的是，第一电机以两个轴承直接支承在变速器壳体中，并且第二电机以一个轴承通过第一电机的从动轴间接地且以一个轴承直接地支承在壳体中，或者第二电机以两个轴承直接支承在变速器壳体中，并且第一电机以一个轴承直接支承在壳体中并且以一个轴承通过第二电机的从动轴间接地支承在变速器壳体中。
也优选的是，冷却第一电机和/或第二电机。特别地优选地，冷却构造成借助来自车辆冷却循环的水冷却或借助以来自变速器的变速器油进行的油冷却。
此外合适的是，第一电机和/或第二电机不仅在马达运行中作为牵引机而且在发电运行中作为发电机。由此，可将驱动系使用在不同的运行模式中。
也合适的是，在内燃机与第一和/或第二电机之间布置减振器。因此，可以有利地平衡振动并且有利地影响共振。
此外有利的是，在内燃机与第一和/或第二电机之间布置滑动离合器。因此可以保护驱动系免于过载。
此外有利的是，在车辆的驻车状态中优选以借助与副轴的形状锁合的连接的方式存在用于固定变速器输入轴的驻车锁。也优选的是，驻车锁机电地或机械地操纵。
此外，有利的实施方式的特征在于，分离离合器构造为优选是油冷的片式离合器。也有利的是，分离离合器构造为爪形离合器。也可以将分离离合器构造为电磁离合器。
此外有利的是，离合器可由中央分离***操纵。中央分离***在此可以液压地、机械地或机电地激活。此外有利的是，可通过液压的回转接头来操纵分离离合器。
此外有利的是，分离离合器构造为常闭、常开或常驻(normally-stay)的离合器。在优选的实施方案中，分离离合器的一部分(例如内盘片支架)与第一电机的从动轴连接，而分离离合器的另一部分(例如外盘片支架)与第二电机的从动轴连接。
也有利的是，驱动系实现了在第一运行模式中的运行，其中，变速器输入轴被纯电驱动，并且实现能量回收。在第一运行模式中，分离离合器打开并且第一电机和内燃机也就是第一子驱动系从变速器输入轴脱离。因此，仅第二电机作为驱动机构使用。也就是说，第二电机(在电动行驶/驱动时)作为牵引机使用，并且(在制动时的能量回收时)作为发电机使用。
也有利的是，驱动系实现了在第二运行模式中的运行，其中，实施串联混合动力运行。即，第二电机作为用于变速器输入轴的牵引机起作用，而内燃机驱动第一电机以用于产生电能。在第二运行模式中，分离离合器打开。
此外合适的是，驱动系实现了在第三运行模式中的运行，其中实施并行混合动力运行。即，内燃机并且附加地第一和/或第二电机将转矩施加到变速器输入轴上。分离离合器因此闭合。
因此，有利的是，驱动系如下地构造，即，能够实现在用于纯电动驱动的第一运行模式中的运行，其中，打开离合器并且仅第二电机作为用于变速器输入轴的驱动机构起作用；和/或能够实现在用于串联混合动力驱动的第二运行模式中的运行，其中，打开离合器，第二电机作为用于变速器输入轴的驱动机构起作用，并且内燃机作为用于第一电机的驱动机构起作用以产生电能；和/或能够实现在用于并行混合动力驱动的第三运行模式中的运行，其中，内燃机并且附加地第一电机和/或第二电机作为用于变速器输入轴的驱动机构起作用。
附图说明
在下文中借助附图阐述本发明。其中：
图1示出用于混合动力车辆的根据本发明的驱动系的原理图；
图2示出根据本发明的带有第一轴承实施方案的驱动系的示意图；
图3示出带有第二轴承实施方案的驱动系的示意图；
图4示出图3中的驱动系的纵截面图；和
图5示出相对于图4放大的驱动系的局部的纵截面图。
附图仅是示意性的并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件具有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于混合动力车辆的根据本发明的驱动系1的原理图。在驱动系1中，变速器输入轴2在第一子驱动系3上与第一电机(E-Maschine)4和内燃机(VKM)5以为了转矩传输而能联接的方式作用相连。变速器输入轴2在第二子驱动系6上与第二电机(E-Maschine)7以永久的方式作用相连。第二电机7在每个运行状态中都与变速器输入轴2连接，而第一电机4和内燃机5可以通过离合器/分离离合器8从变速器输入轴2脱离。
因此，第一子驱动系3可以通过分离离合器8与第二子驱动系6连接，并且因此可与变速器输入轴2连接以用于转矩传输。第一电机4与第二电机7同轴布置。内燃机5与第一电机4和第二电机7轴线平行地布置。内燃发动机5永久性地即不可脱离地与第一电机4经由第一传动级(i1)9以转矩传输的方式连接。第一传动级9通过内燃机5的驱动凸缘11上的齿部10和在第一电机4的从动轴13上的齿部12构造。从内燃发动机5开始，第一传动级9是升速传动，即i1＜1。当第一电机4用于发电机运行时，输出轴13也可以作为驱动轴工作。但是为简化起见，第一电机4的从动轴/驱动轴13在下文中被称为从动轴13。
第一电机4具有转子14和与之同心且在其径向外部地布置的定子15。转子14通过转子架16与第一电机4的从动轴13固定连接。从动轴13与分离离合器8的一部分抗相对转动地(drehfest)连接。
第二电机7具有转子17和与之同心且在其径向外部地布置的定子18。转子17通过转子架19与第二电机7的从动轴20固定连接。如果在发电机运行中使用第二电机7，则输出轴20也可以作为驱动轴工作。但是为简单起见，第二电机7的从动轴/驱动轴20在下文中被称为从动轴20。第二电机7的从动轴20与分离离合器8的另一部分抗相对转动地连接，使得当分离离合器8闭合时第二电机7的从动轴20与第一电机4的从动轴13抗相对转动地联接。
第二电机7的从动轴20与变速器输入轴2或与副轴21经由第二传动级(i2)22永久性地即不可脱离地以转矩传输的方式连接。第二传动级22通过第二电机7的从动轴20上的齿部23和副轴21上的齿部24构造。从第二电机7的从动轴20开始，第二传动级22是降速传动，即i2>1。
副轴21与差速器经由第三传动级(i3)26以转矩传输的方式连接。第三传动级26通过副轴21上的齿部27和差速器25上的齿部28构造。从副轴21开始，第三传动级26是降速传动，即i3>1。驻车锁29通过与副轴21或与整合在副轴21上的齿部31的形状锁合的连接30构造。
图2示出了根据本发明的驱动系1的示意图。第一电机4的转子14通过第一轴承32和第二轴承33支承在未图示的变速器壳体中。第二电机4的转子17通过第一轴承34支承在变速器壳体中，并且通过第二轴承35支承在第一电机4的从动轴13上。从动轴20通过其他轴承36支承在从动轴13上。第二电机7的从动轴20被构造为空心轴，第一电机4的从动轴13径向靠内地布置在空心轴中。第一电机4沿轴向方向布置在第二电机7的背离内燃机的侧上。分离离合器8沿轴向方向布置在第一电机4和第二电机7之间。分离离合器8沿轴向方向布置在第二电机7的背离内燃机的侧上。
传动级9沿轴向方向布置在内燃机5和第二电机7之间，并且因此也布置在内燃机5和第一电机4之间。第二传动级22沿轴向方向布置在第一传动级9和第二电机7之间。轴承36沿轴向方向布置在第二传动级22的高度上。
内燃发动机5通过减振器37和滑动离合器38连在第一电机4的从动轴13上。内燃机5的驱动凸缘11通过两个轴承39支承在变速器壳体中。驱动凸缘11的齿部10全部构造为带有内齿的齿圈。从动轴13的齿部12和从动轴20的齿部23分别构造为外齿正齿轮。副轴21通过两个轴承40安装在变速器壳体中。副轴21的齿部24、27分别构造为外齿正齿轮。差速器25的齿部28构造为外齿正齿轮。
图3示出了从动轴13和从动轴20的替代的支承。其他特征对应于图2中的特征，并且为简单起见不再重新描述。第二电机7的转子17通过第一轴承34和第二轴承41支承在变速器壳体中。第一电机4的转子14通过第一轴承32支承在变速器壳体中，并且通过第二轴承42支承在第二电机7的从动轴20上。从动轴13通过其他轴承36支承在从动轴20上。
图4和图5示出了驱动系1的纵截面图。在此在一个实施方案中分离离合器8被构造为片式离合器，该片式离合器通过液压中央离合杆43操纵。在另一个实施方案中，分离离合器8被构造为爪式离合器，其中滑动套筒44可以通过电动马达45电动地移动以打开或闭合分离离合器8。
内燃机5通过曲轴凸缘46和被构造为扭转减振器的减振器37与驱动凸缘11连接。在图4和图5中也示出了变速器壳体47，从动轴13通过轴承32、42支承在变速器壳体47内，从动轴20通过轴承34、41支承在变速器壳体47内，驱动凸缘11通过轴承39支承在变速器壳体47内，并且副轴21通过轴承40支承在变速器壳体47内。轴承32、34、41、42被构造为球体滚子轴承，而轴承39作为锥体滚子轴承以O型布置的方式构造，并且轴承40作为锥体滚子轴承以X型布置的方式构造。
在图5中实施为片式离合器的分离离合器8具有外盘片支架48和内盘片支架49，外盘片支架48通过轴毂连接与从动轴20抗相对转动地连接，内盘片支架49与第一电机4的转子架16整体地构造。
附图标记列表
1 驱动系
2 变速器输入轴
3 第一子驱动系
4 第一电机
5 内燃机
6 第二子驱动系
7 第二电机
8 分离离合器
9 第一传动级
10 齿部
11 驱动凸缘
12 齿部
13 驱动轴/从动轴
14 转子
15 定子
16 转子架
17 转子
18 定子
19 转子架
20 驱动轴/从动轴
21 副轴
22 第二传动级
23 齿部
24 齿部
25 差速器
26 第三传动级
27 齿部
28 齿部
29 驻车锁
30 形状锁合连接
31 整合的齿部
32 第一轴承
33 第二轴承
34 第一轴承
35 第二轴承
36 轴承
37 减振器
38 滑动离合器
39 轴承
40 轴承
41 第一轴承
42 第二轴承
43 中央离合杆
44 滑动套筒
45 电动马达
46 曲轴凸缘
47 变速器壳体
48 外盘片支架
49 内盘片支架

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动系(1)，所述驱动系(1)带有变速器输入轴(2)，所述变速器输入轴通过第一子驱动系(3)与第一电机(4)和内燃机(5)作用相连以便转矩传输，并且所述变速器输入轴通过第二子驱动系(6)与第二电机(7)作用相连以便转矩传输，其特征在于，第二电机(7)与所述变速器输入轴(2)以转矩传输方式永久连接，并且第一电机(4)和内燃机(5)与所述变速器输入轴(2)能以为了转矩传输而能联接的方式来连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，所述第一电机(4)和所述第二电机(7)彼此同轴地布置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，在带有第二电机(7)的所述第二子驱动系(6)和带有第一电机(4)和内燃机(5)的所述第一子驱动系(3)之间布置有能切换的离合器(8)，其中在所述离合器(8)闭合时所述第一电机(4)和所述第二电机(7)以相同的转速转动。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，在所述驱动系(1)中仅布置一个所述离合器(8)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，所述第一电机(4)与所述内燃机(5)以转矩传输的方式永久地连接。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，在所述内燃机(5)和所述第一电机(4)以及所述第二电机(7)之间仅构造一个传动级(9)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，所述第一电机(4)的从动轴(13)布置在所述第二电机(7)的从动轴(20)的径向内部。
8.根据权利要求6至7中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，所述第一电机(4)和所述第二电机(7)沿轴向方向布置在传动级(9)的一侧上，并且所述内燃机(5)沿轴向方向布置在所述传动级(9)的另一侧上。
9.根据权利要求7至8中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，所述第一电机(4)在一侧上支承在变速器壳体(47)中并且在另一侧上支承在所述第二电机(7)的从动轴(20)上，或所述第二电机(7)在一侧上支承在所述变速器壳体(47)中并且在另一侧上支承在所述第一电机(4)的从动轴(13)上。
10.根据权利要求3至9中任一项所述的驱动系(1)，其特征在于，所述驱动系(1)如下地构造，即，能够实现在用于纯电动驱动的第一运行模式中的运行，其中，打开所述离合器(8)并且仅所述第二电机(7)作为用于所述变速器输入轴(2)的驱动机构起作用；和/或能够实现在用于串联混合动力驱动的第二运行模式中的运行，其中，打开所述离合器(8)，所述第二电机(7)作为用于所述变速器输入轴(2)的驱动机构起作用，并且所述内燃机(5)作为用于所述第一电机(4)的驱动机构起作用以产生电能；和/或能够实现在用于并行混合动力驱动的第三运行模式中的运行，其中，所述内燃机(5)并且附加地所述第一电机(4)和/或所述第二电机(7)作为用于所述变速器输入轴(2)的驱动机构起作用。
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