CN110367025B - Citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method with rapid high yield and strong disease resistance - Google Patents
Citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method with rapid high yield and strong disease resistance Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting disease-free container seedlings of citrus, which has the advantages of high yield and strong disease resistance. The method comprises the steps of citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation and planting management. The method comprises the following steps: the citrus grafted seedlings are cultured in an insect-proof net room for 1.5-2 years to form citrus disease-free container seedlings, a ridging and fertilizer-water integrated planting technology is matched during the culturing period, and the average plant yield of the citrus disease-free container seedlings in the second year can reach more than 20kg after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are planted. Compared with the traditional bare-root plantlet planting, the yield is high 2 years ahead of time, and the infection chance of the citrus yellow shoot is 2 years less. The method is simple and convenient to operate and high in planting benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of citrus seed industry, in particular to a method for planting disease-free citrus container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance.
Background
The existing citrus planting method mostly adopts bare-root plantlets to dig small holes for planting, the method lifts seedlings to dig off main roots, loses a large amount of fibrous roots, regularly carries out pruning during planting, loses a large amount of original growth quantity, is easy to die seedlings, and needs a seedling revival period of 2-3 months after planting; meanwhile, the seedlings are small, the cut caused by root cutting and pruning during planting is large, the seedlings are susceptible to diseases, the capability of resisting diseases and insect pests is extremely weak, longer and more precise management is needed, and the yield can be high and the cost can be recovered generally within 4 years.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for planting disease-free citrus container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance.
The citrus disease-free container seedling planting method provided by the invention is a rapid high-yield citrus planting method with high planting benefits.
The method for planting the citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance, provided by the invention, comprises the steps of citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation and planting management. The method does not need to cause the saplings to be infected with yellow dragon disease due to too long field time, the cost of the centralized management of the grafted seedlings in the net room is far lower than that of the grafted seedlings planted in the field, and professional technicians do not need to carry out operation management.
The citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation method with the advantages of rapid high yield and strong disease resistance comprises the steps of citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation and planting management, wherein the citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation is the seedling management before the citrus disease-free container seedlings are planted in a field; the planting management is that the citrus disease-free container seedlings are planted in the field.
The method for planting the citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance, which is provided by the invention, can achieve the purposes of high yield and recovery cost only in 2 years.
The purpose of the invention is realized by at least one of the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance, which comprises the following steps:
(1) transplanting the citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests into a container with the volume of more than 8 liters, not watering fertilizer water one day before the transplantation, not scattering the original matrix of the citrus grafted seedlings and not damaging the root system in the transplanting process, and after transplanting the citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests into the container with the volume of more than 8 liters, filling the container with the volume of more than 8 liters with a culture matrix to obtain the transplanted large container seedlings;
(2) culturing the transplanted large-container plantlets in the step (1) in a disease-free environment for more than 8 months (preferably in a net room), so as to obtain large citrus disease-free container plantlets, wherein the fertilizer and water management during the culturing period is the same as that of conventional management;
(3) digging holes on ridges for planting: carefully removing the containers of the citrus disease-free container seedlings in the step (2) during the period from winter in the lunar calendar to summer in the lunar calendar of the second year, transplanting the containers onto ridges, and performing root drenching treatment on the citrus disease-free container seedlings by using bactericidal drugs (such as carbendazim, metalaxyl-M and the like) and insecticidal drugs (such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid and the like) 2-3 days before transplanting; in the transplanting process, the original matrix of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is not scattered, the root systems of the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not damaged, and the citrus disease-free container seedlings are planted (reasonably and densely planted) in a wide-row and narrow-plant mode, namely, the rows are 4-5 meters wide and the inter-plant spaces are 2-3 meters;
(4) fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: in the first year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, when drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 1-2 times of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (the nitrogen content is 15-30 wt%) is applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, and the period of the fertilizer application is from 10-15 days after the transplantation to the bottom of 10 months in the year; when no drip irrigation facility is used in the field, the application is carried out in a broadcasting mode, 3-4 times of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each disease-free container seedling of the citrus every month, and the application period is from 10-15 days after transplantation to the bottom of 10 months in the current year;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: in the second year after the transplantation of the citrus disease-free container seedlings, when drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2-2.5 two compound fertilizers are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, and the application period is from 2 late ten months to 10 late months in the second year after the transplantation; when no drip irrigation facility is arranged in the field, the fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting manner, 4 compound fertilizers are applied to each disease-free container seedling every month, and the application period is from 2 late ten months to 10 late months of the second year after transplantation;
(6) and in two years after the disease-free container seedlings of the citrus are transplanted to ridges, the citrus trees are not trimmed, and the trace elements and the organic fertilizer are managed according to the conventional method to obtain the rapid and high-yield citrus trees.
Further, the citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests in the step (1) are grafted seedlings of a disease-free container, the diameter of a scion above a grafting opening of the grafted seedlings of the disease-free container is more than 0.5cm, mature shoots are more than 1 time, and the plant height calculated from the surface of a matrix is more than 30 cm; the disease-free container is in a frustum pyramid shape or a cuboid shape, the volume of the disease-free container is 2-3 liters, when the disease-free container is in the frustum pyramid shape, the side length of the bottom of the disease-free container is 8-10cm, the height of the container body is 26-30cm, and the side length of the top of the disease-free container is 10-12 cm; when the disease-free container is in a cylindrical or truncated cone shape, the diameter of the bottom of the disease-free container is 8-10cm, the height of the container body is 26-30cm, and the diameter of the top of the disease-free container is 8-10 cm.
Further, the container with the volume of more than 8 liters in the step (1) is in a frustum pyramid shape or a cylinder shape; when the container with the volume of more than 8 liters is in a frustum pyramid shape, the side length of the bottom of the container is more than 16cm, the height of the container body is more than 35cm, and the side length of the top of the container is more than that of the bottom; when the container with the volume of more than 8 liters is cylindrical, the diameter of the bottom of the container is more than 18cm, the height of the container body is more than 35cm, and the diameter of the top of the container is more than or equal to the diameter of the bottom of the container.
Further, the cultivation substrate of the step (1) comprises 0.3wt% -0.8wt% of controlled release compound fertilizer.
The cultivation substrate is a mixture of a traditional seedling culture substrate and the controlled-release compound fertilizer; the traditional seedling culture substrate comprises peat soil, plant ash, sawdust, rice husk and sand.
Further, the plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedlings in the step (2) is more than or equal to 1.3 m, the diameter of the scion is more than or equal to 1.3 cm, the number of the treetop branches is more than or equal to 6, and the number of the treetop branches is more than 5cm and more than or equal to 10.
Furthermore, the ridge height of the ridge in the step (3) is 40-60 cm, and the width of the ridge is 1.5-2.2 m.
Furthermore, the purpose of ridging in step (3) is to plant for concentrating fertile soil on the soil surface layer, so that deep soil between rows turns over out on the ridge, the upper layer and the bottom layer on the ridge are both fertile soil on the soil surface layer, and plants can grow more quickly.
Further, the bactericidal agent in the step (3) is one or more of carbendazim, metalaxyl-M and the like; the pesticide is one or more of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and the like.
Further, in the step (3), the wide-row narrow-plant mode is adopted for planting, and 66-86 citrus disease-free container seedlings can be preferably planted per mu.
Further, the gonorrhoea treatment in the step (3) is carried out by preparing the gonorrhoea treatment at a certain concentration according to the instructions of the bactericide and the insecticide.
Further, in the step (4), if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation is performed in a water-fertilizer integrated manner, the total application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month is divided into 10 parts for application at intervals, and the time of each application interval is the same; in the step (4), if fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation is applied in a broadcast application mode, the total application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month is divided into 4-5 parts for application at intervals, and the time of each application interval is the same.
Further, in the step (5), if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation is performed in a water-fertilizer integrated manner, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer per month is divided into 8-12 parts, and the application time is the same for each time; in the step (5), if fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation is applied in a broadcast application mode, the total application amount of the high-compound fertilizer per month is divided into 4-5 parts for application at intervals, and the time of each application interval is the same.
Further, the nitrogen content of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 15-30 wt%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for planting the disease-free citrus container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance, provided by the invention, the seedlings are planted and grow fast, the yield can be high in two years, the planting management cost is saved by 2 years compared with the traditional bare-root seedling planting, the planting management cost is saved by 1 year compared with the ordinary container seedling planting, and meanwhile, the investment return time is shortened by more than half;
(2) the invention provides a method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance, wherein the seedlings are cultured in a net room in the early stage, citrus yellow shoot infection and spread do not exist, the open-air disease infection time of nearly 2 years is reduced compared with the traditional bare-rooted seedlings, meanwhile, the seedlings are larger, the disease resistance is stronger, and the seedlings are less prone to disease infection and disease attack after being planted.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate the practice of the invention, but the practice and protection of the invention is not limited thereto. It is noted that the processes described below, if not specifically described in detail, are all realizable or understandable by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art.
Example 1
A method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) screening citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests (the citrus grafted seedlings selected in example 1 and the rootstocks are Ziyang fragrant oranges): selecting seedlings with the characteristics that the diameter of a scion above a grafting opening is more than 0.5cm, the number of mature tips is 2 times (2 tips are provided) and the plant height is more than 30cm from the surface of a matrix from the grafted seedlings of the citrus disease-free container to obtain the citrus disease-free seedlings, wherein the volume of the disease-free container is 2.3 liters (the container is cylindrical, the diameter of the bottom is 10cm, the height is 30cm and the diameter of the top is 10 cm);
(2) culturing large seedlings in a container: transplanting the citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests into a container (the container is cylindrical, the diameter of the bottom of the container is 18cm, the height of the citrus seedlings is 36cm, and the diameter of the top of the citrus seedlings is 18cm) with the volume of 9 liters in a pest-proof net room in 2011 4 months, not watering fertilizer water one day before the transplantation, not scattering the original matrix of the grafted citrus seedlings and not damaging the root system in the transplanting process, after transplanting the seedlings without the plant diseases and insect pests into the container with the volume of 9 liters, filling the container with the volume of 9 liters with a culture matrix, wherein the culture matrix is a mixture of peat soil and a controlled-release compound fertilizer, the mass percentage of the controlled-release compound fertilizer is 0.3%, and obtaining the transplanted large container seedlings;
(3) culturing the transplanted large-container plantlets in the step (2) in a disease-free environment (in an insect-proof net room) for 8 months, namely culturing from 2011 4 months to 2012 12 months to obtain citrus disease-free container plantlets, wherein the plant height of the citrus disease-free container plantlets is more than or equal to 1.3 meters, the diameter of scions is more than or equal to 1.3 centimeters, the number of treetop extraction times is more than or equal to 6 times, and the number of tip ends is more than 5cm and more than or equal to 10;
(4) ridging: the surface soil between the rows is hooked on the ridges until the ridges are 40-60 cm high and 2 m wide;
(5) digging holes on ridges for planting: removing the containers of the citrus disease-free container seedlings in the step (3) at the bottom of 12 months in 2012, transplanting the containers onto ridges (the place is Guangzhou Baiyun lake Zhongwan Zhengguan Guangzhou national agriculture science and technology demonstration park, Jiulu 1), and performing root drenching treatment on the citrus disease-free container seedlings by using metalaxyl-M and imidacloprid 2-3 days before transplanting; in the transplanting process, the original matrix of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is not scattered, the root systems of the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not damaged, wide-row narrow-plant mode planting is adopted, namely the row width is 4 meters, the inter-plant distance is 2.5 meters, and rooting water is poured in the same day;
(6) fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: in the first year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, when drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2 parts of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, the application is divided into 10 parts for application at intervals, the time of each drip application interval is the same, and the application period is from 10 days after the transplantation to the 10 month end of the current year;
(7) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: in the second year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, when drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2.5 parts of compound fertilizer are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, the application time is the same at intervals of 10 parts, and the application period is 3 months to 10 months after the transplantation in the second year;
(8) and in two years after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges, the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not trimmed, and the trace elements and the organic fertilizer are managed according to the conventional method to obtain the rapid and high-yield citrus disease-free container seedlings.
Effect verification:
at 9 days 12 and 9 months in 2014, namely at the end of the second year when the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges, randomly selecting the fast-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings (the number of the fast-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings is 7) obtained in the step (8) for yield measurement, wherein the results are shown in the following table 1, the average yield of the fast-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings is 22.75kg, the table 1 is a yield measurement data table of the 7 fast-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings, as can be seen from the table 1, the yield of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is high in the second year when the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to the ridges of the field, the citrus disease-free container seedlings grow into the fast-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings in the second year after the transplantation, and the yield is 1501.5-1888.25kg in terms of 66-83 seedlings planted per mu; and the incidence rate of yellow dragon disease of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is zero within two years after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges. Citrus seedlings grown according to the traditional method are non-productive in the next year, and the incidence of yellow dragon disease of citrus seedlings grown according to the traditional method is high, even reaching 38%.
TABLE 1
Example 2
A method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) screening citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests (the citrus grafted seedlings selected in the example 2, the rootstock is Ziyang fragrant orange): selecting seedlings with the characteristics that the diameter of a scion above a grafting opening is more than 0.5cm, the number of mature tips is 2 times (2 tips are provided) and the plant height is more than 30cm from the surface of a matrix from the grafted seedlings of the citrus disease-free container to obtain the citrus disease-free seedlings, wherein the volume of the disease-free container is 2.3 liters;
(2) culturing large seedlings in a container: transplanting citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests into a container with the volume of 9 liters in 6 months of 2015, not watering fertilizer water one day before the transplanting, not scattering the original matrix of the grafted citrus seedlings and not damaging the root system in the transplanting process, and after transplanting the seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests into the container with the volume of 9 liters, filling the container with the volume of 9 liters with a culture matrix, wherein the culture matrix is a mixture of peat soil and a controlled-release compound fertilizer, and the mass percentage of the controlled-release compound fertilizer is 0.3wt percent), so as to obtain the transplanted large-container seedlings;
(3) cultivating the transplanted plantlets in the step (2) in a disease-free environment (in an insect-proof net room) for 8 months, namely cultivating the plantlets from 6 months in 2015 to 4 months in 2016 to obtain citrus disease-free container plantlets, wherein the plant height of the citrus disease-free container plantlets is more than or equal to 1.3 meters, the diameter of scions is more than or equal to 1.3 centimeters, the number of treetop times is more than or equal to 6, and the number of tip lengths is more than 5cm and is more than or equal to 10;
(4) ridging: the surface soil between the rows is hooked on the ridges, so that the ridges are 40-60 cm high and 2 m wide;
(5) digging holes on ridges for planting: removing the container of the citrus disease-free container seedlings in the step (3) at the end of 5 months in 2016, then transplanting the container seedlings onto ridges (the place is Guangzhou Baiyun lake Zhongtan Zhengguang, from No. 1 Guangzhou national agriculture science and technology demonstration park in Jiu), and carrying out root drenching treatment on the citrus disease-free container seedlings by using carbendazim and acetamiprid 2-3 days before transplantation; in the transplanting process, the original matrix of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is not scattered, the root systems of the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not damaged, wide-row narrow-plant mode planting (66-83 plants are planted per mu) is adopted, namely the row width is 4. m, the inter-plant distance is 2.5 m, and the rooting water is poured in the same day;
(6) fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: in the first year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2 parts of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, the application time is the same at intervals of 10 parts, and the application period is from 10 days after transplantation to 10 months in the current year;
(7) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: in the second year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip irrigation is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2.5 parts of compound fertilizer are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, the application time is 10 parts at intervals, the application time interval is the same for each drip, and the application period is 3 months to 10 months after the transplantation in the second year;
(8) and in two years after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges, the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not trimmed, and the trace elements and the organic fertilizer are managed according to the conventional method to obtain the rapid and high-yield citrus disease-free container seedlings.
Effect verification:
in 12/7/2017, namely the second year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted onto ridges, randomly selecting the rapid high-yield citrus disease-free container seedlings (the number of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is 6) in the step (8) for testing yield, wherein the average yield of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is 24.91kg, the average tree height is 226cm, the average tree crown width is 210.6cm, the average trunk diameter is 5.22cm, the average plant yield is 169.67 fruits, and the average single fruit weight is 146.81g, namely the citrus disease-free container seedlings have the effect that the citrus disease-free container seedlings can be transplanted onto ridges of fields for the second year to achieve high yield, and the citrus disease-free container seedlings grow into the rapid high-yield citrus disease-free container seedlings in the second year after being transplanted onto the ridges of the fields, and the yield is 1644-2067.5kg after being calculated according to 66-83 plants planted per mu; and the incidence rate of yellow dragon disease of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is zero within two years after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges. Citrus seedlings grown according to the traditional method are non-productive in the next year, and the incidence of yellow dragon disease of citrus seedlings grown according to the traditional method is high, even reaching 38%.
Example 3
A method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and strong disease resistance comprises the following steps:
(1) screening citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests (the citrus grafted seedlings selected in example 3, the rootstock is Ziyang fragrant orange): selecting seedlings with the characteristics that the diameter of a scion above a grafting opening is more than 0.5cm, the number of mature tips is 2 times (2 tips are provided) and the plant height is more than 30cm from the surface of a matrix from the grafted seedlings of the citrus disease-free container to obtain the citrus disease-free seedlings, wherein the volume of the disease-free container is 2.3 liters;
(2) culturing large seedlings in a container: transplanting the citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests into a container with the volume of more than 8 liters in 2016 (7 months), not watering fertilizer water one day before the transplantation, not scattering the original matrix of the grafted citrus seedlings, and not damaging the root system, and after transplanting the seedlings without diseases and insect pests into the container with the volume of 9 liters, filling the container with the volume of 9 liters by using a culture matrix, wherein the culture matrix is a mixture of peat soil and a controlled-release compound fertilizer, and the mass percent of the controlled-release compound fertilizer is 0.3wt%, so as to obtain the transplanted seedlings;
(3) cultivating the transplanted plantlets in the step (2) in a disease-free environment (in an insect-proof net room) for 8 months, namely cultivating from 2016 (7) months to 2017 (4) months to obtain citrus disease-free container plantlets, wherein the plant height of the citrus disease-free container plantlets is more than or equal to 1.3 meters, the diameter of scions is more than or equal to 1.3 centimeters, the number of treetop extraction times is more than or equal to 6, and the number of terminal ends is more than 5cm and more than or equal to 10;
(4) ridging: the surface soil between the rows is hooked on the ridges until the ridges are 40-60 cm high and 2 m wide;
(5) digging holes on ridges for planting: removing the container of the disease-free container big citrus seedlings in the step (3) in the last 5 th month of 2017, transplanting the container to a ridge (the pond of Huizhou city hui-yang district, Tantan town, Tantangcun), and performing root drenching treatment on the disease-free container big citrus seedlings by using carbendazim and imidacloprid 2-3 days before transplantation; in the transplanting process, the original matrix of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is not scattered, the root systems of the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not damaged, wide-row narrow-plant mode planting (83 plants are planted per mu) is adopted, namely the row width is 4.0 meters, the inter-plant distance is 2.0 meters, and the rooting water is poured in the same day;
(6) fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: in the first year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 1.2 parts of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, the application intervals are 10 parts of application, the time of each drip application interval is the same, and the application period is from 10 days after transplantation to the 10 month end of the current year;
(7) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: in the second year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2 parts of compound fertilizer are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, the application is carried out at intervals of 10 parts, the time of the application interval of each drip is the same, and the application period is 3 months to 10 months of the current year after the transplantation;
(8) and in two years after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges, the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not trimmed, and the trace elements and the organic fertilizer are managed according to the conventional method to obtain the rapid and high-yield citrus disease-free container seedlings.
Effect verification:
in 12-30 days in 2018, namely the second year when the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted onto ridges, random checking, yield measurement and investigation are carried out, the average tree height is 216cm, the crown is 173 multiplied by 204cm, the trunk diameter is 6.97cm, the average plant yield is 24.4 kg, and the converted yield per mu is 2000.8 kg, namely the citrus disease-free container seedlings with rapid yield have the effect of being transplanted onto the ridges of the field for the second year, and the converted yield per mu is 1644-2067.5kg if 66-83 seedlings are planted per mu; and the incidence rate of yellow dragon disease of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is zero within two years after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted to ridges. Citrus seedlings grown according to traditional methods are non-productive the next year.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and disease resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) transplanting the citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests into a container with the volume of more than 8 liters, not watering fertilizer water one day before the transplanting, not scattering the original matrix of the citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests and not damaging the root system in the transplanting process, and after transplanting the citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests into the container with the volume of more than 8 liters, filling the container with the volume of more than 8 liters with a culture matrix to obtain the transplanted large-container small seedlings; the citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests are grafted seedlings of a disease-free container, the diameter of a scion above a grafting opening of the grafted seedlings of the disease-free container is more than 0.5cm, mature shoots are more than 1 time, and the plant height calculated from the surface of a matrix is more than 30 cm; the culture substrate comprises 0.3-0.8 wt% of controlled-release compound fertilizer;
(2) culturing the transplanted large and small container seedlings in the step (1) in a disease-free environment for more than 8 months to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings; the plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is more than or equal to 1.3 meters, the diameter of the scions is more than or equal to 1.3 centimeters, the number of the treetop pulling times is more than or equal to 6, and the number of the treetop pulling times is more than 5cm and more than or equal to 10;
(3) digging holes on ridges for planting: removing the container of the disease-free container seedlings of the citrus in the step (2) during the period from winter in the lunar calendar to summer in the lunar calendar of the second year, transplanting the container to ridges, and performing root drenching treatment on the disease-free container seedlings of the citrus 2-3 days before transplanting by using bactericidal drugs and insecticidal drugs; in the transplanting process, the original matrix of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is not scattered, the root systems of the citrus disease-free container seedlings are not damaged, and the citrus disease-free container seedlings are planted in a wide-row and narrow-plant mode, namely, the row width is 4-5 meters, and the inter-plant distance is 2-3 meters;
(4) fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: in the first year after the citrus disease-free container seedlings are transplanted, when drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 1-2 times of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, and the period of the fertilizer application is from 10-15 days after the transplantation to the bottom of 10 months in the current year; when no drip irrigation facility is used in the field, the application is carried out in a broadcasting mode, 3-4 times of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each disease-free container seedling of the citrus every month, and the application period is from 10-15 days after transplantation to the bottom of 10 months in the current year; if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation adopts a water and fertilizer integrated mode for drip application, the total application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month is divided into 10 parts for application at intervals, and the time of each application interval is the same; in the step (4), if fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation is applied in a broadcast application mode, the total application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month is divided into 4-5 parts for application at intervals, and the time of each application interval is the same;
(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: in the second year after the transplantation of the citrus disease-free container seedlings, when drip irrigation facilities are arranged in the field, drip application is carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated mode, 2-2.5 two compound fertilizers are applied to each citrus disease-free container seedling every month, and the application period is from 2 late ten months to 10 late months in the second year after the transplantation; when no drip irrigation facility is arranged in the field, the fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting manner, 4 compound fertilizers are applied to each disease-free container seedling every month, and the application period is from 2 late ten months to 10 late months of the second year after transplantation; if the transplanted fertilizer and water are applied dropwise in the mode of water and fertilizer integration in the second year of fertilizer and water management, the total application amount of the compound fertilizer per month is divided into 8-12 parts, and the application time is the same for each time; if fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation is applied in a broadcast application mode, the total application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer in each month is divided into 4-5 parts for application at intervals, and the time of each application interval is the same;
(6) and in two years after the disease-free container seedlings of the citrus are transplanted to ridges, the citrus trees are not trimmed, and the trace elements and the organic fertilizer are managed according to the conventional method to obtain the rapid and high-yield citrus trees.
2. The method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with rapid yield and strong disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the disease-free container is frustum pyramid, cuboid, cylinder or round frustum, the volume of the disease-free container is 2-3 liters, when the disease-free container is frustum pyramid or cuboid, the side length of the bottom is 8-10cm, the height of the container body is 26-30cm, and the side length of the top is 10-12 cm; when the disease-free container is cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped, the diameter of the bottom of the disease-free container is 8-10cm, the height of the container body is 26-30cm, and the diameter of the top of the disease-free container is 8-10 cm.
3. The method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the container with the volume of more than 8 liters in the step (1) is in a shape of a frustum of a pyramid or a cylinder; when the container with the volume of more than 8 liters is in a frustum pyramid shape, the side length of the bottom of the container is more than 16cm, the height of the container body is more than 35cm, and the side length of the top of the container is more than that of the bottom; when the container with the volume of more than 8 liters is cylindrical in shape, the diameter of the bottom of the container is more than 18cm, and the height of the container body is more than 35 cm.
4. The method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with high yield and disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the ridges in the step (3) have a height of 40-60 cm and a width of 1.5-2.2 m.
5. The method for planting citrus disease-free container seedlings with rapid yield and strong disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the bactericidal drug in step (3) is one or more of carbendazim and metalaxyl-M; the pesticide is one or more of imidacloprid and acetamiprid.
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| PCT/CN2020/110112 WO2021032139A1 (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2020-08-19 | Container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedling planting method for fast high yields and strong disease resistance |
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| CN112438153A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-05 | 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 | Method for cultivating pummelo peel branch container seedlings |
| CN113141952B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-04-19 | 海南博士威生物科技有限公司 | Areca nut root system repairing method for slope areca nut planting |
| CN113079917B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-12-06 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Planting method for early-maturing and high-yield citrus |
| CN114651659B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-05-23 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Almond light matrix non-woven fabric container seedling raising method |
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