WO2021032139A1 - Container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedling planting method for fast high yields and strong disease resistance - Google Patents

Container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedling planting method for fast high yields and strong disease resistance Download PDF

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WO2021032139A1
WO2021032139A1 PCT/CN2020/110112 CN2020110112W WO2021032139A1 WO 2021032139 A1 WO2021032139 A1 WO 2021032139A1 CN 2020110112 W CN2020110112 W CN 2020110112W WO 2021032139 A1 WO2021032139 A1 WO 2021032139A1
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disease
citrus
container
seedlings
free
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PCT/CN2020/110112
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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钟云
钟广炎
姜波
闫化学
吕远达
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广东省农业科学院果树研究所
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Publication of WO2021032139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021032139A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of citrus seed industry, in particular to a method for planting large citrus seedlings in disease-free containers with rapid high yield and strong disease resistance.
  • the existing citrus planting methods mostly use bare root seedlings to dig small holes for planting. This method digs out the main roots and loses a large number of fibrous roots. When planting, pruning branches will lose a large amount of original growth, and it is easy to die. After a slow seedling period of 2-3 months; at the same time, the seedlings are small, and there are many wounds caused by cutting roots and pruning branches during planting. They are susceptible to diseases and have very weak resistance to diseases and insect pests. They require longer and more detailed management, generally 4 years. High yield and cost recovery.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method.
  • the invention provides a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, which is a fast, high-yield and high-efficiency citrus planting method.
  • the invention provides a fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method including citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation and planting management. This method does not need to keep the young tree seedlings in the field for too long to be infected with Huanglong disease. The cost of centralized management of grafted seedlings in the net room is much lower than that of planted in the field, and no professional technicians are required to operate and manage.
  • the invention provides a rapid, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, including the use of citrus disease-free container large seedling cultivation and planting management.
  • the citrus disease-free container large seedling is cultivated as a citrus disease-free container large seedling. Seedling management before the field; the planting management refers to the cultivation management of citrus disease-free container large seedlings after being planted in the field.
  • the invention provides a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method that can achieve high yield and recover costs in only 2 years.
  • the invention provides a rapid, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, which includes the following steps:
  • step (1) The transplanted large container seedlings described in step (1) are cultivated in a disease-free environment for more than 8 months (preferably cultivated in a net room) to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings.
  • the fertilizer and water management during the cultivation period is consistent with routine Same management;
  • bactericidal drugs such as carbendazim, metalaxyl, etc.
  • insecticides such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etc.
  • the planting mode is wide-row and narrow-planting (reasonable dense planting), that is, the row width is 4-5 meters, and the spacing is 2-3 Meter;
  • the disease-free citrus seedlings in step (1) are disease-free container grafted seedlings, the diameter of the scion above the grafting interface of the disease-free container grafted seedlings is >0.5cm, the mature shoots are >1 time, and the plant height is calculated from the surface of the substrate >30cm;
  • the shape of the disease-free container is a prism or cuboid, the volume of the disease-free container is 2-3 liters, when the shape of the disease-free container is a prism, the side length of the bottom is 8- 10cm, the height of the body is 26-30cm, and the side length of the top is 10-12cm; when the shape of the disease-free container is cylindrical or truncated, the diameter of the bottom is 8-10cm, and the height of the body is 26-30cm , The diameter of the top is 8-10cm.
  • the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is prismatic or cylindrical; when the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is prismatic, the bottom side length is more than 16 cm, which The height of the vessel body>35cm, the top side length>bottom side length; when the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is cylindrical, its bottom diameter>18cm, its body height>35cm, and its top diameter ⁇ bottom diameter.
  • the cultivation substrate in step (1) contains 0.3wt%-0.8wt% controlled release compound fertilizer.
  • the culture substrate is a mixture of a traditional seedling culture substrate and the controlled-release compound fertilizer; the traditional seedling culture substrate includes peat soil, grass ash, sawdust, chaff and sand.
  • step (2) the plant height of the citrus disease-free container large seedlings is ⁇ 1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ⁇ 1.3 cm, the number of tapping times is ⁇ 6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ⁇ 10.
  • the ridge height of the field ridge in step (3) is 40-60 cm, and the width of the field ridge is 1.5-2.2 meters.
  • step (3) the purpose of ridging in step (3) is to concentrate the fertile soil on the surface of the soil for planting, so that the deep soil between the rows is turned over on the ridge, so that the upper and bottom layers on the ridge are both fertile soil on the surface of the soil, which can make plants Grow faster.
  • the bactericide is one or more of carbendazim, metalaxyl, etc.; the insecticide is one or more of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and the like.
  • step (3) the wide-row and narrow-plant mode is adopted for planting, and 66-86 large disease-free container seedlings of citrus are preferably planted per acre.
  • the root leaching treatment is formulated to a certain concentration according to the instructions for use of the bactericide and insecticide for leaching root treatment.
  • step (4) if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation adopts the integrated method of dripping water and fertilizer, the total amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 10 intervals for application. The time interval between each application is the same; in step (4), if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplanting is applied by spreading, the total amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 4 -5 applications are applied at intervals, and the time between each application is the same.
  • step (5) if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplanting is applied in an integrated manner of water and fertilizer, the total amount of the compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 8-12 parts and applied every time. The application intervals are all the same; in step (5), if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation is applied by spreading, the total amount of high compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 4-5 intervals. The time between each application is the same.
  • the nitrogen content of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 15-30 wt%.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention provides a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method.
  • the large seedling grows quickly and can be produced in two years, which saves 2 years of planting management costs compared with traditional bare-root seedling planting , Compared with ordinary container seedling planting, it saves one year of planting management cost, and the investment return time is shortened by more than half;
  • the present invention provides a rapid, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, wherein the large seedling is cultivated in a net room in the early stage, and there is no citrus yellow dragon disease infection and transmission, which is nearly 2% less than that of traditional bare root seedlings. Years of infection in the open air, while the seedlings are larger, their disease resistance is stronger, and they are less likely to be infected and diseased after planting.
  • a fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method includes the following steps:
  • step (3) The transplanted large container seedlings in step (2) were cultivated for 8 months in a disease-free environment (an insect-proof net room), that is, from April 2011 to December 2012, a large citrus disease-free container seedling was obtained ,
  • the plant height of the citrus disease-free container large seedlings is ⁇ 1.3 meters
  • the scion diameter is ⁇ 1.3 cm
  • the number of tipping trips is ⁇ 6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ⁇ 10;
  • Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation In the second year after the transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, when there is drip irrigation facility in the field, the method of water and fertilizer integration is adopted for drip application. For large seedlings, apply 2.5 taels of compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 parts, the interval of each drop is the same, and the application period is from March to the end of October of the second year after transplantation;
  • the large citrus disease-free container seedling has a high yield effect in the second year after being transplanted to the field ridge, indicating that the citrus disease-free container large seedling grows into the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container in the second year of transplantation
  • Large seedlings if calculated according to 66-83 plants per mu, the yield is equivalent to 1501.5-1888.25kg per mu; and within two years of transplanting the disease-free container large seedlings of citrus to the ridge, the incidence of Huanglong disease of the disease-free container large seedlings of citrus Is zero.
  • the citrus seedlings planted in accordance with the traditional method have no yield in the second year, and the incidence of huanglong disease in the citrus seedlings grown by the traditional method is very high, even reaching 38%.
  • a fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Cultivate the transplanted seedlings in step (2) in a disease-free environment (in the insect-proof net room) for 8 months, that is, from June 2015 to April 2016 to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings.
  • the plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is ⁇ 1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ⁇ 1.3 cm, the number of tips is ⁇ 6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ⁇ 10;
  • Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation In the first year after transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 applications, the interval of each drop is the same, and the application period is 10 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
  • Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation In the second year after transplanting the disease-free container of citrus seedlings, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 2.5 taels of compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 portions, and the time interval between each drop is the same, and the application period is from March to the end of October of the second year after transplantation;
  • the average plant yield is 24.91kg
  • the average tree height is 226cm
  • the average crown width is 210.6cm
  • the average trunk diameter is 5.22cm
  • the average plant yield is 169.67 fruits
  • the average fruit weight is 146.81g, that is, the citrus disease-free container seedling It has the effect of high yield in the second year after transplanting to the field ridge, which means that the disease-free container citrus seedling will grow into the rapid and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedling in the second year after being transplanted on the field ridge.
  • a fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Cultivate the transplanted seedlings in step (2) in a disease-free environment (insect-proof net room) for 8 months, that is, from July 2016 to April 2017, to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings.
  • the plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is ⁇ 1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ⁇ 1.3 cm, the number of tips is ⁇ 6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ⁇ 10;
  • Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation In the first year after transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 1.2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month, equally divided into 10 applications, the interval of each drop is the same, the application period is 10 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
  • Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation In the second year after transplanting the disease-free container of citrus seedlings, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 2 taels of compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 portions, and the interval of each drop is the same. The period of application is from March of the second year after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

A container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedling planting method for fast high yields and strong disease resistance. The method comprises cultivation and planting management of container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedlings. The method comprises: cultivating grafted citrus seedlings in an insect-proof net room for 1.5-2 years to cultivate the seedlings into container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedlings, with support of ridging and integrated fertilizer and water planting techniques during the cultivation. The average plant yield of the container-cultivated disease-free big citrus seedlings in the second year after planting can reach 20 kg or more. Compared with traditional bare-root small seedling planting, the method achieves high yields two years earlier, thereby avoiding the risk of citrus greening disease infection in the two years. This method is easy to operate and has high planting returns.

Description

一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法Fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及柑橘种业领域，具体涉及一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法。The invention relates to the field of citrus seed industry, in particular to a method for planting large citrus seedlings in disease-free containers with rapid high yield and strong disease resistance.
背景技术Background technique
柑橘现有种植方法多采用裸根小苗挖***种植，这种方法起苗挖断主根、丢失大量须根，种植时定干剪枝，损失大量原有的生长量，容易死苗，种后还需经过2-3个月的缓苗期；同时苗小，种植时断根剪枝造成的伤口多，易感染病、且抵抗病虫害的能力极弱，需要更长更精细的管理，一般要4年才能丰产、收回成本。The existing citrus planting methods mostly use bare root seedlings to dig small holes for planting. This method digs out the main roots and loses a large number of fibrous roots. When planting, pruning branches will lose a large amount of original growth, and it is easy to die. After a slow seedling period of 2-3 months; at the same time, the seedlings are small, and there are many wounds caused by cutting roots and pruning branches during planting. They are susceptible to diseases and have very weak resistance to diseases and insect pests. They require longer and more detailed management, generally 4 years. High yield and cost recovery.
技术解决方案Technical solutions
为了克服现有技术存在的上述不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法。In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method.
本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法是一种快速丰产、种植效益高的柑橘种植方法。The invention provides a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, which is a fast, high-yield and high-efficiency citrus planting method.
本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法包括柑橘无病容器大苗培育、种植管理。该方法无需使幼树苗在田间时间过长而感染黄龙病，嫁接苗集中在网室里管理的成本远远低于种植于田间的，不用专业的技术人员进行操作管理。The invention provides a fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method including citrus disease-free container seedling cultivation and planting management. This method does not need to keep the young tree seedlings in the field for too long to be infected with Huanglong disease. The cost of centralized management of grafted seedlings in the net room is much lower than that of planted in the field, and no professional technicians are required to operate and manage.
本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，包括使用柑橘无病容器大苗培育以及种植管理，所述柑橘无病容器大苗培育为柑橘无病容器大苗种植到大田前的苗木管理；所述种植管理为柑橘无病容器大苗为柑橘无病容器大苗种植到大田后的栽培管理。The invention provides a rapid, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, including the use of citrus disease-free container large seedling cultivation and planting management. The citrus disease-free container large seedling is cultivated as a citrus disease-free container large seedling. Seedling management before the field; the planting management refers to the cultivation management of citrus disease-free container large seedlings after being planted in the field.
本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法只需2年可达丰产、收回成本。The invention provides a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method that can achieve high yield and recover costs in only 2 years.
本发明的目的至少通过如下技术方案之一实现。The purpose of the present invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，包括如下步骤：The invention provides a rapid, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, which includes the following steps:
（1）将无病虫害柑橘苗移植到容积为8升以上的容器中，在移植的前一天不浇肥水，在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘嫁接小苗的原有基质，不损坏根系，将所述无病虫害苗移植至所述容积为8升以上的容器中后，用培育基质填满所述容积为8升以上的容器，得到移植后的大容器小苗；(1) Transplant the disease-free citrus seedlings into a container with a volume of more than 8 liters. Do not fertilize and water the day before transplanting. During the transplanting process, the original substrate of the citrus grafted seedlings will not be broken, and the root system will not be damaged. After the disease-free plantlets are transplanted into the container with a volume of more than 8 liters, the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is filled with a cultivation substrate to obtain a large container of seedlings after transplantation;
（2）将步骤（1）所述移植后的大容器小苗在无病环境下培育8个月以上（可优选在网室中培育），得到柑橘无病容器大苗，培育期间的肥水管理与常规管理相同；(2) The transplanted large container seedlings described in step (1) are cultivated in a disease-free environment for more than 8 months (preferably cultivated in a net room) to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings. The fertilizer and water management during the cultivation period is consistent with routine Same management;
（3）垄上挖穴种植：在每年的农历冬至到第二年的农历立夏期间，小心地将步骤（2）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的容器去掉，然后移植到垄上，在移植的前2-3天，用杀菌药（如多菌灵、精甲霜灵等）和杀虫药（如吡虫啉、啶虫脒等）对所述柑橘无病容器大苗进行淋根处理；在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘无病容器大苗的原有基质，不损坏柑橘无病容器大苗的根系，采用宽行窄株模式种植（合理密植），即行宽4-5米，株间2-3米；(3) Planting by digging holes on the ridge: from the winter solstice of the lunar calendar to the beginning of the summer of the second year of the lunar calendar, carefully remove the large seedlings of the citrus disease-free container described in step (2), and then transplant them to the ridge. In the first 2-3 days, use bactericidal drugs (such as carbendazim, metalaxyl, etc.) and insecticides (such as imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etc.) to treat the citrus disease-free container seedlings with roots; during the transplantation process In the medium, the original substrate of the large seedlings of the disease-free citrus container is not broken, and the root system of the large seedlings of the disease-free container of citrus is not broken, and the planting mode is wide-row and narrow-planting (reasonable dense planting), that is, the row width is 4-5 meters, and the spacing is 2-3 Meter;
（4）移植后的第一年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第一年中，当大田有滴灌设施时，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加1-2两的高氮型复合肥（含氮量为15-30wt%），施肥的期限为移植后的10-15天至当年的10月底；当大田无滴灌设施时，采用撒施的方式施加，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加3-4两的高氮型复合肥，施加的期限为移植后的10-15天至当年的10月底；(4) Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: In the first year after transplanting the large seedlings in the disease-free container of citrus, when there is drip irrigation facility in the field, the drip irrigation method is adopted in the integrated way of water and fertilizer. For large seedlings, apply 1-2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (15-30wt% nitrogen) per month, and the period of fertilization is 10-15 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year; when there is no drip irrigation facility in the field, use Apply by spreading, apply 3-4 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month for each citrus disease-free container large seedling, and the application period is 10-15 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
（5）移植后的第二年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第二年中，当大田有滴灌设施时，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2-2.5两的复合肥，施加的期限为移植后的第二年2月下旬至10月底；当大田无滴灌设施时，采用撒施的方式施加，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加4两的复合肥，施加的期限为移植后的第二年2月下旬至10月底；(5) Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: In the second year after the transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, when there is drip irrigation facility in the field, the method of water and fertilizer integration is adopted for drip application. For large seedlings, apply 2-2.5 taels of compound fertilizer per month, and the period of application is from late February to the end of October of the second year after transplantation; when there is no drip irrigation facility in the field, apply it by spreading, and each plant of citrus disease-free container large seedling Apply 4 taels of compound fertilizer every month, and the period of application is from late February to the end of October in the second year after transplantation;
（6）在柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上后的两年内，均不修剪，微量元素及有机肥按常规管理，得到所述快速丰产的柑橘树。(6) Within two years after the citrus disease-free container large seedlings are transplanted to the ridge, they are not pruned, and the trace elements and organic fertilizers are managed according to the routine to obtain the fast and high-yielding citrus trees.
进一步地，步骤（1）所述无病虫害柑橘苗为无病容器嫁接小苗，所述无病容器嫁接小苗的嫁接口上方接穗直径>0.5cm，成熟梢>1 次，从基质表面算起株高>30cm；所述无病容器的形状为棱台形或长方体，所述无病容器的容积为2-3升，当所述无病容器的形状为棱台形时，其底部的边长为8-10cm，器身高度为26-30cm，顶部的边长为10-12cm；当所述无病容器的形状为圆柱或圆台形时，其底部的直径为8-10cm，器身高度为26-30cm，顶部的直径为8-10cm。Further, the disease-free citrus seedlings in step (1) are disease-free container grafted seedlings, the diameter of the scion above the grafting interface of the disease-free container grafted seedlings is >0.5cm, the mature shoots are >1 time, and the plant height is calculated from the surface of the substrate >30cm; the shape of the disease-free container is a prism or cuboid, the volume of the disease-free container is 2-3 liters, when the shape of the disease-free container is a prism, the side length of the bottom is 8- 10cm, the height of the body is 26-30cm, and the side length of the top is 10-12cm; when the shape of the disease-free container is cylindrical or truncated, the diameter of the bottom is 8-10cm, and the height of the body is 26-30cm , The diameter of the top is 8-10cm.
进一步地，步骤（1）所述容积为8升以上的容器的形状为棱台形或圆柱形；当所述容积为8升以上的容器的形状为棱台形时，其底部边长>16cm，其器身高度>35cm，其顶部边长>底部边长；当所述容积为8升以上的容器的形状为圆柱形时，其底部直径>18cm，其器身高度>35cm，其顶部直径≥底部直径。Further, in step (1), the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is prismatic or cylindrical; when the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is prismatic, the bottom side length is more than 16 cm, which The height of the vessel body>35cm, the top side length>bottom side length; when the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is cylindrical, its bottom diameter>18cm, its body height>35cm, and its top diameter≥bottom diameter.
进一步地，步骤（1）所述培育基质包含0.3wt%-0.8wt%的控释复合肥。Further, the cultivation substrate in step (1) contains 0.3wt%-0.8wt% controlled release compound fertilizer.
所述培育基质为传统培苗基质和所述控释复合肥的混合物；所述传统培苗基质包括泥炭土、草灰、锯木屑、谷壳及沙。The culture substrate is a mixture of a traditional seedling culture substrate and the controlled-release compound fertilizer; the traditional seedling culture substrate includes peat soil, grass ash, sawdust, chaff and sand.
进一步地，步骤（2）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的株高≥1.3米、接穗直径≥1.3厘米、抽梢趟次≥6次、末梢长度大于5cm数量≥10条。Further, in step (2), the plant height of the citrus disease-free container large seedlings is ≥1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ≥1.3 cm, the number of tapping times is ≥6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ≥10.
进一步地，步骤（3）所述田垄的垄高为40-60厘米，田垄的宽度为1.5-2.2米。Further, the ridge height of the field ridge in step (3) is 40-60 cm, and the width of the field ridge is 1.5-2.2 meters.
进一步地，步骤（3）中起垄的目的是为了集中土壤表层肥沃土壤种植，使得行间的深层土壤翻出垄上，使得垄上的上层和底层均为土壤表层的肥沃土壤，可以使得植株更加快速生长。Further, the purpose of ridging in step (3) is to concentrate the fertile soil on the surface of the soil for planting, so that the deep soil between the rows is turned over on the ridge, so that the upper and bottom layers on the ridge are both fertile soil on the surface of the soil, which can make plants Grow faster.
进一步地，步骤（3）所述杀菌药为多菌灵、精甲霜灵等中的一种或以上；所述杀虫药为吡虫啉、啶虫脒等中的一种或以上。Further, in step (3), the bactericide is one or more of carbendazim, metalaxyl, etc.; the insecticide is one or more of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and the like.
进一步地，步骤（3）中， 所述采用宽行窄株模式种植，可以优选每亩种植66-86株柑橘无病容器大苗。Further, in step (3), the wide-row and narrow-plant mode is adopted for planting, and 66-86 large disease-free container seedlings of citrus are preferably planted per acre.
进一步地，步骤（3）所述淋根处理，是根据杀菌药和杀虫药的使用说明，配制成一定浓度来进行淋根处理。Further, in step (3), the root leaching treatment is formulated to a certain concentration according to the instructions for use of the bactericide and insecticide for leaching root treatment.
进一步地，步骤（4）中，若移植后的第一年肥水管理采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，所述高氮型复合肥每个月的施加总量，均分为10份间隔施加，每次施加间隔的时间均相同；步骤（4）中，若移植后的第一年肥水管理采用撒施的方式施加，所述高氮型复合肥每个月的施加总量，均分为4-5份间隔施加，每次施加间隔的时间均相同。Further, in step (4), if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation adopts the integrated method of dripping water and fertilizer, the total amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 10 intervals for application. The time interval between each application is the same; in step (4), if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplanting is applied by spreading, the total amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 4 -5 applications are applied at intervals, and the time between each application is the same.
进一步地，步骤（5）中，若移植后的第二年肥水管理采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，所述复合肥每个月的施加总量，分为8-12份间隔施加，每次施加间隔的时间均相同；步骤（5）中，若移植后的第二年肥水管理采用撒施的方式施加，所述高复合肥每个月的施加总量，均分为4-5份间隔施加，每次施加间隔的时间均相同。Further, in step (5), if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplanting is applied in an integrated manner of water and fertilizer, the total amount of the compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 8-12 parts and applied every time. The application intervals are all the same; in step (5), if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation is applied by spreading, the total amount of high compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 4-5 intervals. The time between each application is the same.
进一步地，所述高氮型复合肥的含氮量为15-30wt%。Further, the nitrogen content of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 15-30 wt%.
有益效果Beneficial effect
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，所述大苗种植生长快，两年即可丰产，比传统裸根小苗种植节省2年种植管理成本，比普通容器小苗种植节省1年种植管理成本，同时投资回报时间缩短一半以上；(1) The present invention provides a fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method. The large seedling grows quickly and can be produced in two years, which saves 2 years of planting management costs compared with traditional bare-root seedling planting , Compared with ordinary container seedling planting, it saves one year of planting management cost, and the investment return time is shortened by more than half;
（2）本发明提供的一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其中，大苗前期在网室培育，无柑橘黄龙病感染与传播，比传统裸根小苗减少近2年露天感染病害的时间，同时苗更大，其抗病性更强，种植后更不易染病、发病。(2) The present invention provides a rapid, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method, wherein the large seedling is cultivated in a net room in the early stage, and there is no citrus yellow dragon disease infection and transmission, which is nearly 2% less than that of traditional bare root seedlings. Years of infection in the open air, while the seedlings are larger, their disease resistance is stronger, and they are less likely to be infected and diseased after planting.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the invention
以下结合实例对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明，但本发明的实施和保护不限于此。需指出的是，以下若有未特别详细说明之过程，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现或理解的。The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with examples, but the implementation and protection of the present invention are not limited to this. It should be pointed out that if there are processes that are not specifically described in detail below, those skilled in the art can implement or understand with reference to the prior art.
实施例1Example 1
一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，包括如下步骤：A fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method includes the following steps:
（1）筛选无病虫害柑橘苗（实施例1选用的沃柑嫁接苗，砧木为资阳香橙）：在柑橘无病容器嫁接小苗中挑选具有嫁接口上方接穗直径>0.5cm、成熟梢的数量为2 次（具2趟梢）及从基质表面算起株高>30cm的特征的小苗，得到所述无病虫害柑橘苗，所述无病容器的容积为2.3升（容器为圆柱形，底部直径为10cm、高为30cm及顶部直径为10cm）；(1) Screening of citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests (the grafted seedlings of citrus oranges selected in Example 1, and the rootstock is Ziyang orange): among the citrus disease-free container grafted seedlings, select the scion diameter above the grafting interface> 0.5 cm and the number of mature shoots is Two seedlings (with two tips) and the characteristics of plant height> 30cm from the surface of the substrate, to obtain the disease-free citrus seedlings, the volume of the disease-free container is 2.3 liters (the container is cylindrical, and the bottom diameter is 10cm, height is 30cm and top diameter is 10cm);
（2）培育容器大苗：在2011年4月份，在防虫网室内将无病虫害柑橘苗移植到容积为9升的容器（容器为圆柱形，底部直径为18cm、高为36cm及顶部直径为18cm）中，在移植的前一天不浇肥水，在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘嫁接小苗的原有基质，不损坏根系，将所述无病虫害苗移植至所述容积为9升的容器中后，用培育基质填满所述容积为9升的容器，所述培育基质为泥炭土与控释复合肥的混合物，其中控释复合肥的质量百分数为0.3%，得到移植后的大容器小苗；(2) Cultivation of large seedlings in container: In April 2011, transplant the disease-free citrus seedlings into a 9-liter container (the container is cylindrical, the bottom diameter is 18cm, the height is 36cm, and the top diameter is 18cm). During the transplantation process, the original substrate of the citrus grafted seedlings is not broken, and the root system is not damaged. After transplanting the disease-free and pest-free seedlings into the 9-liter container Filling the 9-liter container with a cultivation substrate, the cultivation substrate being a mixture of peat soil and controlled-release compound fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage of the controlled-release compound fertilizer is 0.3%, to obtain transplanted large container seedlings;
（3）将步骤（2）所述移植后的大容器小苗在无病环境（防虫网室内）下培育8个月，即从2011年4月份培育至2012年12月份，得到柑橘无病容器大苗，所述柑橘无病容器大苗的株高≥1.3米、接穗直径≥1.3厘米、抽梢趟次≥6次、末梢长度大于5cm数量≥10条；(3) The transplanted large container seedlings in step (2) were cultivated for 8 months in a disease-free environment (an insect-proof net room), that is, from April 2011 to December 2012, a large citrus disease-free container seedling was obtained , The plant height of the citrus disease-free container large seedlings is ≥1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ≥1.3 cm, the number of tipping trips is ≥6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ≥10;
（4）起垄：将行间的表层土壤勾至垄上，至垄高40-60厘米，垄宽为2米；(4) Ridging: hook the surface soil between the rows to the ridge to a height of 40-60 cm and a width of 2 meters;
（5）垄上挖穴种植：在2012年12月底将步骤（3）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的容器去掉，然后移植到垄上（地点为广州白云区钟落潭镇广从九路1号广州国家农业科技示范园），在移植的前2-3天，用精甲霜灵和吡虫灵对所述柑橘无病容器大苗进行淋根处理；在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘无病容器大苗的原有基质，不损坏柑橘无病容器大苗的根系，采用宽行窄株模式种植，即行宽4米，株间2.5米，当天浇好定根水；(5) Planting by digging holes on the ridge: At the end of December 2012, the container of the disease-free citrus seedlings described in step (3) was removed, and then transplanted to the ridge (1 Guangcong 9 Road, Zhongluotan Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou) No. Guangzhou National Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park), 2-3 days before transplantation, use metalaxyl and imidacloprid to drench the large seedlings of the citrus disease-free container; during the transplantation process, the citrus should not be broken The original substrate of the disease-free container seedlings does not damage the root system of the citrus disease-free container seedlings. It is planted in a wide row and narrow plant pattern, that is, the row width is 4 meters, and the interval is 2.5 meters. The root water is poured on the same day;
（6）移植后的第一年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第一年中，当大田有滴灌设施时，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2两的高氮型复合肥，均分为10份间隔施加，每次滴施间隔的时间均相同，施加的期限为移植后的10天至当年的10月底；(6) Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: In the first year after transplanting the disease-free container of citrus, when drip irrigation facilities are available in the field, drip irrigation will be adopted in the integrated way of water and fertilizer. For large seedlings, apply 2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 parts, the interval of each drop is the same, the application period is 10 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
（7）移植后的第二年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第二年中，当大田有滴灌设施时，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2.5两的复合肥，均分为10份间隔施加，每次滴施间隔的时间均相同，施加的期限为移植后的第二年3月至10月底；(7) Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: In the second year after the transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, when there is drip irrigation facility in the field, the method of water and fertilizer integration is adopted for drip application. For large seedlings, apply 2.5 taels of compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 parts, the interval of each drop is the same, and the application period is from March to the end of October of the second year after transplantation;
（8）在柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上后的两年内，均不修剪，微量元素及有机肥按常规管理，得到所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗。(8) Within two years after transplanting the citrus disease-free container large seedlings on the ridge, no pruning is performed, and the trace elements and organic fertilizers are managed in accordance with routine management to obtain the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings.
效果验证：Effectiveness verification:
在2014年12月9日，即所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上的第二年年末，随机挑选步骤（8）得到的快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗（数目为7株）进行测产，结果如下表1所示，所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗的平均株产22.75kg，表1为7株所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗的测产数据表，从表1可知，所述柑橘无病容器大苗在移植至大田垄上第二年就有丰产的效果，说明所述柑橘无病容器大苗在移植的第二年即成长为所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗，若按照每亩种植66-83株计算，折合亩产1501.5-1888.25kg；而且在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上的两年内，所述柑橘无病容器大苗的黄龙病发病率为零。按照传统方法种植的柑橘苗在第二年是无产量的，并且传统方法种植的柑橘苗的黄龙病发病率很高，甚至达38%。On December 9, 2014, at the end of the second year after the disease-free citrus container seedlings were transplanted to the ridge, the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings (7 plants) obtained in step (8) were randomly selected for testing The results are shown in Table 1 below. The average yield of the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings is 22.75kg. Table 1 is the production data table of the 7 fast-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings. It can be seen that the large citrus disease-free container seedling has a high yield effect in the second year after being transplanted to the field ridge, indicating that the citrus disease-free container large seedling grows into the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container in the second year of transplantation Large seedlings, if calculated according to 66-83 plants per mu, the yield is equivalent to 1501.5-1888.25kg per mu; and within two years of transplanting the disease-free container large seedlings of citrus to the ridge, the incidence of Huanglong disease of the disease-free container large seedlings of citrus Is zero. The citrus seedlings planted in accordance with the traditional method have no yield in the second year, and the incidence of huanglong disease in the citrus seedlings grown by the traditional method is very high, even reaching 38%.
表1 Table 1
Figure 23887dest_path_image002
Figure 23887dest_path_image002
实施例2Example 2
一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，包括如下步骤：A fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method includes the following steps:
（1）筛选无病虫害柑橘苗（实施例2选用的沃柑嫁接苗，砧木为资阳香橙）：在柑橘无病容器嫁接小苗中挑选具有嫁接口上方接穗直径>0.5cm、成熟梢的数量为2 次（具2趟梢）及从基质表面算起株高>30cm的特征的小苗，得到所述无病虫害柑橘苗，所述无病容器的容积为2.3升；(1) Screening of citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests (the grafted seedlings of citrus oranges selected in Example 2, and the rootstock is Ziyang orange): among the citrus disease-free container grafted seedlings, select the scion diameter above the grafting interface> 0.5 cm and the number of mature shoots is 2 times (with 2 tips) and the characteristic seedlings with a plant height of >30cm from the surface of the substrate to obtain the disease-free citrus seedlings, and the disease-free container has a volume of 2.3 liters;
（2）培育容器大苗：在2015年6月，将无病虫害柑橘苗移植到容积为9升的容器中，在移植的前一天不浇肥水，在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘嫁接小苗的原有基质，不损坏根系，将所述无病虫害苗移植至所述容积为9升的容器中后，用培育基质填满所述容积为9升的容器，所述培育基质为泥炭土与控释复合肥的混合物，其中控释复合肥的质量百分数为0.3wt%），得到移植后的大容器小苗；(2) Cultivation of large seedlings in containers: In June 2015, transplant the citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests into a container with a volume of 9 liters, and do not pour fertilizer and water on the day before transplantation. During the transplanting process, the grafted citrus seedlings will not be broken. The original substrate does not damage the root system. After transplanting the disease-free seedlings into the 9-liter container, fill the 9-liter container with a cultivation substrate, the cultivation substrate is peat soil and control A mixture of release compound fertilizers, in which the mass percentage of the controlled release compound fertilizer is 0.3wt%), to obtain large container seedlings after transplantation;
（3）将步骤（2）所述移植后的小苗在无病环境（防虫网室内）下培育8个月，即从2015年6月份培育至2016年4月份，得到柑橘无病容器大苗，所述柑橘无病容器大苗的株高≥1.3米、接穗直径≥1.3厘米、抽梢趟次≥6次、末梢长度大于5cm数量≥10条；(3) Cultivate the transplanted seedlings in step (2) in a disease-free environment (in the insect-proof net room) for 8 months, that is, from June 2015 to April 2016 to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings. The plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is ≥1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ≥1.3 cm, the number of tips is ≥6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ≥10;
（4）起垄：将行间的表层土壤勾至垄上，使垄高40-60厘米，垄宽为2米；(4) Ridging: hook the surface soil between the rows to the ridges to make the ridges 40-60 cm high and 2 meters wide;
（5）垄上挖穴种植：在2016年5月底将步骤（3）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的容器去掉，然后移植到垄上（地点为广州白云区钟落潭镇广从九路1号广州国家农业科技示范园），在移植的前2-3天，用多菌灵和啶虫脒对所述柑橘无病容器大苗进行淋根处理；在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘无病容器大苗的原有基质，不损坏柑橘无病容器大苗的根系，采用宽行窄株模式种植（每亩种植66-83株），即行宽4.米，株间2.5米，当天浇好定根水；(5) Planting by digging holes on the ridge: At the end of May 2016, the container of the disease-free citrus seedlings in step (3) will be removed, and then transplanted on the ridge (the location is 1 Guangcong 9 Road, Zhongluotan Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou) No. Guangzhou National Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park), in the first 2-3 days of transplantation, carbendazim and acetamiprid were used to drench the large seedlings of the citrus disease-free container; during the transplantation process, the citrus fruit was not broken The original substrate of the disease-free container seedlings does not damage the root system of the disease-free container seedlings of citrus. It is planted in a wide row and narrow plant pattern (66-83 plants per acre), that is, the row width is 4. meters, and the space between plants is 2.5 meters. Root water
（6）移植后的第一年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第一年中，大田有滴灌设施，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2两的高氮型复合肥，均分为10份间隔施加，每次滴施加间隔的时间均相同，施加的期限为移植后的10天至当年的10月底；(6) Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: In the first year after transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 applications, the interval of each drop is the same, and the application period is 10 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
（7）移植后的第二年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第二年中，大田有滴灌设施，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2.5两的复合肥，均分为10份间隔施加，每次滴施加间隔的时间均相同，施加的期限为移植后的第二年3月至10月底；(7) Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: In the second year after transplanting the disease-free container of citrus seedlings, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 2.5 taels of compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 portions, and the time interval between each drop is the same, and the application period is from March to the end of October of the second year after transplantation;
（8）在柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上后的两年内，均不修剪，微量元素及有机肥按常规管理，得到所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗。(8) Within two years after transplanting the citrus disease-free container large seedlings on the ridge, no pruning is performed, and the trace elements and organic fertilizers are managed in accordance with routine management to obtain the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings.
效果验证：Effectiveness verification:
在2017年12月7日，即所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上的第二年，随机挑选步骤（8）所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗（数目为6株）进行测产，平均株产24.91kg，并且平均树高为226cm、平均树冠幅为210.6cm、平均主干直径为5.22cm、平均株产为169.67个果、均单果重146.81g，即所述柑橘无病容器大苗有移植至大田垄上第二年即可丰产的效果，说明所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至大田垄上第二年即生长为所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗，若按照每亩种植66-83株计算，折合亩产1644-2067.5kg；而且在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上的两年内，所述柑橘无病容器大苗的黄龙病发病率为零。按照传统方法种植的柑橘苗在第二年是无产量的，并且传统方法种植的柑橘苗的黄龙病发病率很高，甚至达38%。On December 7, 2017, the second year after the disease-free citrus container seedlings were transplanted to the ridge, the rapid and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings (the number of 6 plants) described in step (8) were randomly selected for yield measurement , The average plant yield is 24.91kg, the average tree height is 226cm, the average crown width is 210.6cm, the average trunk diameter is 5.22cm, the average plant yield is 169.67 fruits, and the average fruit weight is 146.81g, that is, the citrus disease-free container seedling It has the effect of high yield in the second year after transplanting to the field ridge, which means that the disease-free container citrus seedling will grow into the rapid and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedling in the second year after being transplanted on the field ridge. Calculation of 66-83 plants, equivalent to 1164-2067.5 kg per mu; and within two years of transplanting the disease-free container large seedlings of citrus to the ridge, the incidence of Huanglong disease of the disease-free container seedlings of citrus was zero. The citrus seedlings planted according to the traditional method will have no yield in the second year, and the citrus seedlings grown by the traditional method have a high incidence of Huanglong disease, even reaching 38%.
实施例3Example 3
一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，包括如下步骤：A fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method includes the following steps:
（1）筛选无病虫害柑橘苗（实施例3选用的沃柑嫁接苗，砧木为资阳香橙）：在柑橘无病容器嫁接小苗中挑选具有嫁接口上方接穗直径>0.5cm、成熟梢的数量为2 次（具2趟梢）及从基质表面算起株高>30cm的特征的小苗，得到所述无病虫害柑橘苗，所述无病容器的容积为2.3升；(1) Screening of citrus seedlings without diseases and insect pests (the grafted seedlings of citrus fruit selected in Example 3, the rootstock is Ziyang orange): among the citrus disease-free container grafted seedlings, the scion diameter above the grafting interface is >0.5cm and the number of mature shoots is 2 times (with 2 tips) and the characteristic seedlings with a plant height of >30cm from the surface of the substrate to obtain the disease-free citrus seedlings, and the disease-free container has a volume of 2.3 liters;
（2）培育容器大苗：在2016年7月，将无病虫害柑橘苗移植到容积为8升以上的容器中，在移植的前一天不浇肥水，在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘嫁接小苗的原有基质，不损坏根系，将所述无病虫害苗移植至所述容积为9升的容器中后，用培育基质填满所述容积为9升的容器，所述培育基质为泥炭土与控释复合肥的混合物，其中控释复合肥的质量百分数为0.3wt%，得到移植后的小苗；(2) Cultivation of large seedlings in containers: In July 2016, transplant the citrus seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests into a container with a volume of more than 8 liters. The day before the transplantation, no fertilizer and water will be poured. During the transplantation process, the grafted citrus seedlings will not be broken. After transplanting the disease-free and pest-free seedlings into the 9-liter container, fill the 9-liter container with a cultivation medium, which is peat soil and A mixture of controlled-release compound fertilizers, in which the mass percentage of the controlled-release compound fertilizer is 0.3wt%, to obtain transplanted seedlings;
（3）将步骤（2）所述移植后的小苗在无病环境（防虫网室内）下培育8个月，即从2016年7月份培育至2017年4月份，得到柑橘无病容器大苗，所述柑橘无病容器大苗的株高≥1.3米、接穗直径≥1.3厘米、抽梢趟次≥6次、末梢长度大于5cm数量≥10条；(3) Cultivate the transplanted seedlings in step (2) in a disease-free environment (insect-proof net room) for 8 months, that is, from July 2016 to April 2017, to obtain large citrus disease-free container seedlings. The plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedlings is ≥1.3 meters, the scion diameter is ≥1.3 cm, the number of tips is ≥6, and the number of tip lengths is greater than 5cm is ≥10;
（4）起垄：将行间的表层土壤勾至垄上，至垄高40-60厘米，垄宽为2米；(4) Ridging: hook the surface soil between the rows to the ridge to a height of 40-60 cm and a width of 2 meters;
（5）垄上挖穴种植：在2017年5月上旬将步骤（3）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的容器去掉，然后移植到垄上（惠州市惠阳区平潭镇平潭村），在移植的前2-3天，用多菌灵和吡虫灵对所述柑橘无病容器大苗进行淋根处理；在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘无病容器大苗的原有基质，不损坏柑橘无病容器大苗的根系，采用宽行窄株模式种植（每亩种植83株），即行宽4.0米，株间2.0米，当天浇好定根水；(5) Planting by digging holes on the ridge: In early May 2017, the container of the disease-free citrus seedlings described in step (3) was removed, and then transplanted to the ridge (Pingtan Village, Pingtan Town, Huiyang District, Huizhou City). In the first 2-3 days of transplantation, the citrus disease-free container seedlings are treated with carbendazim and imidaclopril; during the transplantation process, the original substrate of the citrus disease-free container seedlings will not be broken or damaged The root system of citrus disease-free container large seedlings is planted in a wide row and narrow plant mode (83 plants per mu), that is, the row width is 4.0 meters, and the interval between plants is 2.0 meters. The root water is poured on the same day;
（6）移植后的第一年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第一年中，大田有滴灌设施，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加1.2两的高氮型复合肥，均分为10份间隔施加，每次滴施加间隔的时间均相同，施加的期限为移植后的10天至当年的10月底；(6) Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: In the first year after transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 1.2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per month, equally divided into 10 applications, the interval of each drop is the same, the application period is 10 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
（7）移植后的第二年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第二年中，大田有滴灌设施，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2两的复合肥，均分为10份间隔施加，每次滴施加间隔的时间均相同，施加的期限为移植后的第二年3月至当年的10月底；(7) Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: In the second year after transplanting the disease-free container of citrus seedlings, there will be drip irrigation facilities in the field. Apply 2 taels of compound fertilizer every month, equally divided into 10 portions, and the interval of each drop is the same. The period of application is from March of the second year after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
（8）在柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上后的两年内，均不修剪，微量元素及有机肥按常规管理，得到所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗。(8) Within two years after transplanting the citrus disease-free container large seedlings on the ridge, no pruning is performed, and the trace elements and organic fertilizers are managed in accordance with routine management to obtain the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container seedlings.
效果验证：Effectiveness verification:
在2018年12月30日，即所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上的第二年，进行随机抽查测产调查，平均树高216cm，树冠173×204cm，主干直径6.97cm，平均株产24.4公斤，折算亩产2000.8公斤，即所述快速丰产的柑橘无病容器大苗有移植至大田垄上第二年即可丰产的效果，若按照每亩种植66-83株计算，折合亩产1644-2067.5kg；而且在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上的两年内，所述柑橘无病容器大苗的黄龙病发病率为零。按照传统方法种植的柑橘苗在第二年是无产量的。On December 30, 2018, the second year after the large seedlings of the disease-free citrus container were transplanted to the ridge, random sampling and yield surveys were conducted. The average tree height was 216cm, the crown was 173×204cm, the trunk diameter was 6.97cm, and the average plant yield was 24.4 kg, equivalent to 2000.8 kg per mu, that is, the fast and high-yielding citrus disease-free container large seedlings have the effect of being transplanted to the field ridges in the second year to produce high yields. If calculated according to 66-83 plants per mu, the yield is equivalent to 1644 per mu. -2067.5kg; and within two years of transplanting the disease-free container of citrus seedlings to the ridge, the incidence of Huanglong disease of the disease-free container of citrus seedlings was zero. The citrus seedlings planted according to the traditional method will have no yield in the second year.
以上实施例仅为本发明较优的实施方式，仅用于解释本发明，而非限制本发明，本领域技术人员在未脱离本发明精神实质下所作的改变、替换、修饰等均应属于本发明的保护范围。The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Changes, substitutions, modifications, etc. made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall belong to the present invention. The scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：A fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    （1）将无病虫害柑橘苗移植到容积为8升以上的容器中，在移植的前一天不浇肥水，在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘嫁接小苗的原有基质，不损坏根系，将所述无病虫害苗移植至所述容积为8升以上的容器中后，用培育基质填满所述容积为8升以上的容器，得到移植后的大容器小苗；(1) Transplant the disease-free citrus seedlings into a container with a volume of more than 8 liters. Do not fertilize and water the day before transplanting. During the transplanting process, the original substrate of the citrus grafted seedlings will not be broken, and the root system will not be damaged. After the disease-free seedlings are transplanted into the container with a volume of 8 liters or more, the container with a volume of 8 liters or more is filled with a cultivation substrate to obtain the transplanted large container seedlings;
    （2）将步骤（1）所述移植后的大容器小苗在无病环境下培育8个月以上，得到柑橘无病容器大苗；(2) Cultivating the transplanted large container seedlings in step (1) in a disease-free environment for more than 8 months to obtain disease-free container seedlings of citrus;
    （3）垄上挖穴种植：在每年的农历冬至到第二年的农历立夏期间，将步骤（2）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的容器去掉，然后移植到垄上，在移植的前2-3天，用杀菌药和杀虫药对所述柑橘无病容器大苗进行淋根处理；在移植过程中，不破散所述柑橘无病容器大苗的原有基质，不损坏柑橘无病容器大苗的根系，采用宽行窄株模式种植，即行宽4-5米，株间2-3米；(3) Planting by digging holes on the ridge: from the winter solstice of the lunar calendar to the beginning of the summer of the second year of the lunar calendar, remove the large seedlings of the citrus disease-free container described in step (2), and then transplant them on the ridge, 2 before the transplant. -3 days, the citrus disease-free container seedlings are treated with bactericides and insecticides; during the transplantation process, the original substrate of the citrus disease-free container seedlings will not be broken, and the citrus disease-free container seedlings will not be damaged The root system of the plant is planted in a wide row and narrow plant pattern, that is, the row width is 4-5 meters, and the interval between plants is 2-3 meters;
    （4）移植后的第一年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第一年中，当大田有滴灌设施时，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加1-2两的高氮型复合肥，施肥的期限为移植后的10-15天至当年的10月底；当大田无滴灌设施时，采用撒施的方式施加，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加3-4两的高氮型复合肥，施加的期限为移植后的10-15天至当年的10月底；(4) Fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation: In the first year after transplanting the large seedlings in the disease-free container of citrus, when there is drip irrigation facility in the field, the drip irrigation method is adopted in the integrated way of water and fertilizer. For large seedlings, apply 1-2 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer every month, and the period of fertilization is from 10-15 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year; when there is no drip irrigation facility in the field, it is applied by spreading, and each citrus has no Apply 3-4 taels of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer for large seedlings in diseased containers per month, and the period of application is 10-15 days after transplantation to the end of October of the current year;
    （5）移植后的第二年肥水管理：在所述柑橘无病容器大苗移植后的第二年中，当大田有滴灌设施时，采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加2-2.5两的复合肥，施加的期限为移植后的第二年2月下旬至10月底；当大田无滴灌设施时，采用撒施的方式施加，每株柑橘无病容器大苗每月施加4两的复合肥，施加的期限为移植后的第二年2月下旬至10月底；(5) Fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation: In the second year after the transplantation of the disease-free container of citrus, when there is drip irrigation facility in the field, the method of water and fertilizer integration is adopted for drip application. For large seedlings, apply 2-2.5 taels of compound fertilizer per month, and the period of application is from late February to the end of October of the second year after transplantation; when there is no drip irrigation facility in the field, apply it by spreading, and each plant of citrus disease-free container large seedling Apply 4 taels of compound fertilizer every month, and the period of application is from late February to the end of October in the second year after transplantation;
    （6）在柑橘无病容器大苗移植至垄上后的两年内，均不修剪，微量元素及有机肥按常规管理，得到所述快速丰产的柑橘树。(6) Within two years after the citrus disease-free container large seedlings are transplanted to the ridge, they are not pruned, and the trace elements and organic fertilizers are managed according to the routine to obtain the fast and high-yielding citrus trees.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述无病虫害柑橘苗为无病容器嫁接小苗，所述无病容器嫁接小苗的嫁接口上方接穗直径>0.5cm，成熟梢>1 次，从基质表面算起株高>30cm。The fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 1, wherein the disease-free citrus seedling in step (1) is a disease-free container grafted seedling, and the disease-free container is grafted The diameter of the scion above the grafting interface of the seedlings is >0.5cm, the mature shoots are >1, and the plant height from the surface of the substrate is >30cm.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，所述无病容器的形状为棱台形或圆柱形，所述无病容器的容积为2-3升，当所述无病容器的形状为棱台或长方体时，其底部的边长为8-10cm，器身高度为26-30cm，顶部的边长为10-12cm；当所述无病容器的形状为圆柱或圆台形时，其底部的直径为8-10cm，器身高度为26-30cm，顶部的直径为8-10cm。The fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 2, wherein the shape of the disease-free container is prismatic or cylindrical, and the volume of the disease-free container is 2 -3 liters, when the shape of the disease-free container is a pyramid or a rectangular parallelepiped, the side length of the bottom is 8-10cm, the height of the body is 26-30cm, and the side length of the top is 10-12cm; When the shape of the disease container is cylindrical or truncated cone, the diameter of the bottom is 8-10cm, the height of the body is 26-30cm, and the diameter of the top is 8-10cm.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗的种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述容积为8升以上的容器的形状为棱台形或圆柱形；当所述容积为8升以上的容器的形状为棱台形时，其底部边长>16cm，其器身高度>35cm，其顶部边长>底部边长；当所述容积为8升以上的容器的形状为圆柱形时，其底部直径>18cm，其器身高度>35cm，其顶部直径≥底部直径。The method for planting fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant large seedlings of citrus disease-free containers according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters in step (1) is pyramidal or cylindrical; When the shape of the container with a volume of more than 8 liters is prismatic, its bottom side length is >16cm, its body height is >35cm, and its top side length>the bottom side length; when the container volume is more than 8 liters When its shape is cylindrical, its bottom diameter>18cm, its body height>35cm, its top diameter≥bottom diameter.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）所述培育基质包含0.3wt%-0.8wt%的控释复合肥。The fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation substrate in step (1) contains 0.3wt%-0.8wt% controlled-release compound fertilizer.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）所述柑橘无病容器大苗的株高≥1.3米、接穗直径≥1.3厘米、抽梢趟次≥6次、末梢长度大于5cm数量≥10条。The fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 1, wherein the plant height of the citrus disease-free container seedling in step (2) is ≥1.3 meters, and the scion diameter is ≥1.3 cm , The number of tip-drawing times ≥ 6 times, the number of tip lengths greater than 5 cm ≥ 10.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗的种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述田垄的垄高为40-60厘米，田垄的宽度为1.5-2.2米。The method for planting fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the ridge height of the field ridge in step (3) is 40-60 cm, and the width of the field ridge is 1.5- 2.2 meters.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）所述杀菌药为多菌灵、精甲霜灵中的一种或以上；所述杀虫药为吡虫啉、啶虫脒中的一种或以上。The fast, high-yielding and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide in step (3) is one or more of carbendazim and metalaxyl The insecticide is one or more of imidacloprid and acetamiprid.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（4）中，若移植后的第一年肥水管理采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，所述高氮型复合肥每个月的施加总量，均分为10份间隔施加，每次 施加间隔的时间均相同；步骤（4）中，若移植后的第一年肥水管理采用撒施的方式施加，所述高氮型复合肥每个月的施加总量，均分为4-5份间隔施加，每次 施加间隔的时间均相同。The fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (4), if the first year after transplantation, the fertilizer and water management adopts the integrated water and fertilizer method. The total amount of application of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer each month is divided into 10 parts to be applied at intervals, and the time between each application is the same; in step (4), if the fertilizer and water management in the first year after transplantation adopts The total amount of application of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer each month is divided into 4-5 applications at intervals, and the time between each application is the same.
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的快速丰产且抗病性强的柑橘无病容器大苗种植方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中，若移植后的第二年肥水管理采用水肥一体化的方式滴施，所述复合肥每个月的施加总量，分为8-12份间隔施加，每次施加间隔的时间均相同；步骤（5）中，若移植后的第二年肥水管理采用撒施的方式施加，所述高复合肥每个月的施加总量，均分为4-5份间隔施加，每次施加间隔的时间均相同。The fast, high-yield and disease-resistant citrus disease-free container large seedling planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (5), if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation adopts the dripping method of water and fertilizer integration , The total amount of compound fertilizer applied per month is divided into 8-12 parts to be applied at intervals, and the time interval for each application is the same; in step (5), if the fertilizer and water management in the second year after transplantation adopts the application of The total amount of application of the high-compound fertilizer each month is divided into 4-5 applications at intervals, and the time between each application is the same.
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