CN111602589B - Soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings - Google Patents
Soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention provides a soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings, which comprises the steps of selecting plants which grow for more than 3 years, are robust in growth, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have high and stable yield as mother trees from the cuttings, and selecting greenish branches with the diameter of more than 1.0cm from spring tips or autumn tips (not bearing fruit branches) extracted in the current year as the cuttings. General soil: vermiculite: perlite: mixing the grass peat with the grass peat in a ratio of 2:0.5:0.5:1 for later use. The root of each cutting is wrapped by 150g of the special matrix for fingered citron, the cutting is tightly held and compacted, and then the cutting is tightly wound by reproducible grass-proof cloth to prepare fingered citron seedling root balls. The prepared fingered citron seedling root balls are placed on a fingered citron special breeding frame for fixation. And after the fixation is finished, placing the glass in the open air or in a greenhouse. Injecting the prepared solution fertilizer into a special fingered citron breeding frame, wherein the solution fertilizer is applied less or more times every half month for 1 time. When the fingered citron seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, the seedling root balls can be taken out and fixed with the matrix. The soilless moisture-preserving weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings provided by the invention can obviously improve the survival rate of the fingered citron seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a soilless moisture-preserving weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings.
Background
At present, the production of fingered citron seedlings is realized by using a cutting breeding technology, but the survival rate is low, about 60 percent, the space utilization rate is not high, and the production quantity per unit area is low. The main limiting factors are inaccurate moisture control, low temperature and insufficient space utilization rate.
Technical scheme of prior art I
(1) Cutting selection
The cutting is made of plants which grow robustly and stably for more than 7-8 years, have no plant diseases or insect pests and have high yield, and the robust greenish branches are selected as cuttings from spring shoots (or autumn shoots) which have no fruit bearing in the last year or are grown in the current year.
(2) Cutting out of cutting
Cutting a section of 18-20cm (3-5 buds), cutting off half of leaf and thorn, making the lower end of the cut below the node to facilitate rooting, and cutting the lower end of the cut into a horse ear shape at 45 ° with a sharp knife. The cutting slips are cut and inserted at the same time, which is favorable for improving the survival rate.
(3) Cutting time
The cuttage is preferably carried out before the spring shoots germinate in 3 months, and can also be carried out in high-temperature and rainy seasons of 8-9 months.
(4) Cuttage method
The row spacing of the cuttage plants is 30cm multiplied by 6cm, and the cuttage plants cannot be inversely planted. About 18-22 ten thousand plants are inserted per hectare. And covering soil after insertion and compacting to enable 1 bud at the front end to be exposed out of the soil surface, and kneading the surrounding soil by hands to enable the soil to be tightly jointed with the ear strips, thereby being beneficial to rooting.
(5) After cuttage, a shed needs to be built for sun protection, water is drenched for drought protection, and if the rain is not clear for a long time, the ditch needs to be dredged to drain accumulated water. Weeding in time, fertilizing in due time, dressing thin human and animal fecaluria water after growing root systems, spraying 1500kg of human and animal fecaluria per hectare after adding 7500-11250kg of water, so as to be beneficial to accelerating the growth of the root systems of the cutting seedlings. Applying for 1 time per month for 1-3 months, and gradually increasing concentration.
1. The survival rate is low;
2. inaccurate moisture control in the field;
3. the temperature in the cuttage season is too low, and the growth is slow;
4. the field cuttage space utilization rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a fingered citron seedling soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method, which can obviously improve the survival rate of fingered citron seedlings.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings comprises the following steps:
step 1. cutting selection
The cutting is selected from plants which grow for more than 3 years, are robust in growth, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have high and stable yield as mother trees, and the green branches with the diameter of more than 1.0cm are selected from spring tips or autumn tips (not bearing fruit branches) extracted in the current year as cutting slips.
Step 2. preparing substrate special for fingered citron
General soil: vermiculite: perlite: mixing the grass peat with the grass peat in a ratio of 2:0.5:0.5:1 for later use.
Step 3. fingered citron seedling root ball preparation
The root of each cutting is wrapped by 150g of the special matrix for fingered citron, the cutting is tightly held and compacted, and then the cutting is tightly wound by reproducible grass-proof cloth to prepare fingered citron seedling root balls.
Step 4, fingered citron seedling fixation
The prepared fingered citron seedling root balls are placed on a fingered citron special breeding frame for fixation. And after the fixation is finished, placing the glass in the open air or in a greenhouse.
Step 5, managing water and fertilizer of seedlings
Injecting prepared solution fertilizer into a fingered citron special breeding frame, spraying the solution fertilizer with 20 times of urea (total nitrogen is more than or equal to 46 percent) for 1 time every half month, and applying for 6 times in total; after 90 days, the mixture is sprayed with 500 times of monopotassium phosphate solution, 1 time every half month, and 2 times in total.
Step 6, transplanting seedlings
When the fingered citron seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, the seedling root balls can be taken out and fixed with the matrix.
The further technical proposal is that each breeding frame has 3-5 layers, the height is 1.8m, and the fixed distance between root balls is 20 cm.
The further technical scheme is that the special breeding frame of fingered citron includes the spraying pipe of breeding support body and support body upside, the spraying pipe is used for daily liquid manure watering, 1 support body has 25 nursery tubes, 3-5 interior concave blind holes that are used for placing the root ball have been seted up on every nursery tube.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through the screening and utilization of the substrate special for fingered citron and the fine water and fertilizer conservation management, the roots are ventilated, the water is promoted to be moisturized, the rapid growth and development of the roots are promoted, and the survival rate of the traditional seedling cuttage breeding of 60 percent can be effectively improved to the survival rate of 90 percent.
2. Through the multilayer utilization of the breeding frame, the cuttage quantity of fingered citron seedlings in unit area is effectively improved, and finally the output can be improved by more than 200%.
3. The seedling root ball is wrapped by the weed control cloth, so that the matrix part of the root is protected from light by 100 percent, and weed seeds are prevented from flying into the root to grow weeds. Effectively control the growth of weeds, and effectively avoid the spread of plant diseases and insect pests in the improved ventilated environment. Finally, the effects of no weeding, disease and insect prevention and labor saving are achieved. Does not weed, prevents diseases and pests and saves labor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fingered citron special breeding rack (a view after fingered citron seedlings are placed);
fig. 2 is a schematic side view of the fingered citron special breeding frame of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in the figure 1-2, the soilless moisture-preserving weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings comprises the following steps:
step 1. cutting selection
The cutting is selected from plants which grow for more than 3 years, are robust in growth, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have high and stable yield as mother trees, and the green branches with the diameter of more than 1.0cm are selected from spring tips or autumn tips (not bearing fruit branches) extracted in the current year as cutting slips.
Step 2. preparing substrate special for fingered citron
General soil: vermiculite: perlite: mixing the grass peat with the grass peat in a ratio of 2:0.5:0.5:1 for later use.
Step 3. fingered citron seedling root ball preparation
The root of each cutting is wrapped by 150g of the special matrix for fingered citron, the cutting is tightly held and compacted, and then the cutting is tightly wound by reproducible grass-proof cloth to prepare fingered citron seedling root balls.
Step 4, fingered citron seedling fixation
The prepared fingered citron seedling root balls are placed on a fingered citron special breeding frame for fixation, each breeding frame is 3-5 layers, the height is 1.8m, and the fixed distance between the root balls is 20 cm. And after the fixation is finished, placing the glass in the open air or in a greenhouse.
The special frame of breeding of fingered citron including breed the spraying pipe of support body and support body upside, the spraying pipe is used for daily liquid manure watering, 1 support body has 25 nursery tubes, offers 3-5 interior concave blind holes that are used for placing the root ball on every nursery tube.
Step 5, managing water and fertilizer of seedlings
Injecting prepared solution fertilizer into a fingered citron special breeding frame, spraying the solution fertilizer with 20 times of urea (total nitrogen is more than or equal to 46 percent) for 1 time every half month, and applying for 6 times in total; after 90 days, the mixture is sprayed with 500 times of monopotassium phosphate solution, 1 time every half month, and 2 times in total.
Step 6, transplanting seedlings
When the fingered citron seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, the seedling root balls can be taken out and fixed with the matrix.
Examples
By using the method and the prior art, experimental comparison is carried out in Qingbaijiang district, Yangyuan province and Luzhou Hejiang fingered citron planting bases for three consecutive years in 2018-2020. The test results are as follows:
1. materials and methods
(1) And (3) branch: taking a semi-lignified autumn shoot branch of a 3-year-old finger citron tree which is grown vigorously and has no diseases and insect pests.
(2) Matrix: perlite, vermiculite, river sand, common soil (neutral slightly acid, pH6.8) in a garden and grass peat.
(3) The method comprises the following steps: cutting the fingered citron branches into cutting slips with the length of 15-20 cm, leaving 3-5 leaves at the upper ends, soaking the base parts of the cutting slips for 2-3 cm by using a prepared rooting agent, then manufacturing fingered citron seedling root balls, placing a seedling raising rack, and counting the survival rate after the fingered citron seedlings are managed for 90 days according to the method. Each experiment adopts a single-factor random block experiment, 50 cuttings are planted in each cell, and 3 times of the experiments are repeated. The single matrix experiment has 15 cells in total with 5 treatments and the composite matrix experiment has 33 cells in total with 11 treatments.
(4) The existing conventional method comprises the following steps: cutting the fingered citron branches into cutting slips with the length of 15-20 cm, leaving 3-5 leaves at the upper ends, soaking the base parts of the cutting slips with a prepared rooting agent for 2-3 cm, then cutting the cutting slips into a nursery garden in a garden, and counting the survival rate, the rooting number and the root length after 90 days. The test adopts a single-factor random block test, 50 cuttings are planted in each cell, and 3 times of the tests are repeated.
Experimental design table
2. Test results and analysis
Experimental results show that the traditional cutting seedling raising method utilizes common soil in a garden to perform cutting, the survival rate of seedlings is between 68.7% and 72.1%, and the survival rate is not high. After the method is utilized, the soil structure is changed, the air permeability is good, and the method is more suitable for rhizome growth, wherein the composite substrate is common soil: vermiculite:
perlite: the highest cuttage survival rate of the turf is 2:0.5:0.5:1 and reaches 95.3%.
Statistics table for cuttage survival rate of each treated seedling
| Numbering | Survival rate in 2018% | Survival rate in 2019 years% | 2020 survival rate% | Average value% |
| 1-1 | 51.5 | 50.3 | 54.5 | 52.1 |
| 1-2 | 55.2 | 49.7 | 52.3 | 52.4 |
| 1-3 | 59.8 | 60.3 | 62.5 | 60.9 |
| 1-4 | 70.7 | 68.5 | 67.0 | 68.7 |
| 1-5 | 62.3 | 65.5 | 64.5 | 64.1 |
| 2-1 | 66.8 | 72.5 | 73.4 | 70.9 |
| 2-2 | 75.6 | 70.0 | 72.0 | 72.5 |
| 2-3 | 61.0 | 65.8 | 59.5 | 62.1 |
| 2-4 | 65.0 | 68.5 | 64.0 | 65.8 |
| 2-5 | 75.0 | 72.5 | 73.0 | 73.5 |
| 2-6 | 65.0 | 62.5 | 62.0 | 63.2 |
| 2-7 | 78.0 | 83.0 | 81.5 | 80.8 |
| 2-8 | 92.0 | 87.5 | 85.0 | 88.2 |
| 2-9 | 83.0 | 85.5 | 85.0 | 84.5 |
| 2-10 | 81.0 | 93.5 | 84.0 | 86.2 |
| 2-11 | 96.8 | 92.0 | 97.0 | 95.3 |
| 3-1 | 72.0 | 69.3 | 75.0 | 72.1 |
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method for fingered citron seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1. cutting selection
Selecting plants which are more than 3 years old, robust in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, high in yield and stable as mother trees for the cuttings, and selecting green branches with the diameter of more than 1.0cm from spring shoots or autumn shoots which are extracted in the current year as cuttings;
step 2. preparing substrate special for fingered citron
General soil: vermiculite: perlite: mixing the grass peat with the grass peat in a ratio of 2:0.5:0.5:1 for later use;
step 3. fingered citron seedling root ball preparation
Wrapping the root of each cutting with 150g of a substrate special for fingered citron, tightly holding and compacting, and winding and compacting with renewable grass prevention cloth to prepare fingered citron seedling root balls;
step 4, fingered citron seedling fixation
Placing the prepared fingered citron seedling root balls on a fingered citron special breeding frame for fixation, and placing the fingered citron seedling root balls in the open or in a greenhouse after the fixation is finished;
step 5, managing water and fertilizer of seedlings
Injecting the prepared solution fertilizer into a special fingered citron breeding frame, spraying the solution fertilizer according to 20 times of urea, 1 time every half month, and totally applying for 6 times; after 90 days, spraying with 500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 1 time every half month, and applying for 2 times;
step 6, transplanting seedlings
When the fingered citron seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, taking out the root balls of the fingered citron seedlings and fixedly planting the seedlings with the matrix;
the special frame of breeding of fingered citron including breed the spraying pipe of support body and support body upside, the spraying pipe is used for daily liquid manure watering, 1 support body has 25 nursery tubes, offers 3-5 interior concave blind holes that are used for placing the root ball on every nursery tube.
2. The method for soilless moisture preservation and weed control of fingered citron seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the selection of the cuttings in the step 1, the spring tips or autumn tips extracted in the current year are not branches with fruit bearing branches.
3. The soilless moisture-retention weed-prevention breeding method of fingered citron seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the special breeding rack for fingered citron in the step 4 and the step 5 has 3-5 layers and 1.8m high, and the distance between the fixed root balls is 20 cm.
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