CN110330310B - 一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110330310B
CN110330310B CN201910437610.0A CN201910437610A CN110330310B CN 110330310 B CN110330310 B CN 110330310B CN 201910437610 A CN201910437610 A CN 201910437610A CN 110330310 B CN110330310 B CN 110330310B
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苏康福
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Abstract

一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，所述高强度裂纹日用瓷包括坯体和釉料，坯体包括以下原料：钠长石、碎玻璃、粘土、海泡石、硅灰石、石灰岩、电气石、绢云母、硅微粉、氧化钙、氧化镧、碳酸锶、氧化锡，通过主成分钠长石、碎玻璃、粘土、海泡石、硅灰石、石灰岩、绢云母与辅助成分电气石、硅微粉、氧化钙、氧化锡、氧化镧和碳酸锶之间相互配合，海泡石与电气石配合，降低陶瓷的烧成温度，绢云母、硅灰石、石灰岩和硅微粉配合，可增加坯体的抗折和抗压性能。

Description

一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于瓷器制备领域，具体涉及一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的进步和发展，对环保和使用安全的意识也越来越强烈，陶瓷餐具相比于塑料餐具有耐磨性好、易于清洗、经久耐用等优点。陶瓷餐具的烧制和应用在我国有着悠久的历史，其造型多样、色彩斑斓、手感清凉细滑、容易洗涤，深受国人喜爱，现有高档的餐具通常采用骨质瓷，骨质瓷采用骨粉、高岭土、石英、长石等原料制成，烧成温度在1300-1350℃之间，原料成本高、烧成温度高，且陶瓷餐具的脆性大，耐冲击能力低，易碎。
开片釉是瓷器的一种装饰艺术，瓷器釉面布满许多小裂纹，有疏有密，有粗有细，有长有短，有曲有直，形似龟裂、蟹爪或冰裂的纹路，釉面龟裂原是烧成中的一种缺陷，但当某些制品的釉面龟裂很特别，纹路均匀，清晰，布满器面，给人一种特别的美感，于是人们就从中得到了启发，从而总结经验，有意识地去造成这种釉面的裂纹，这样就逐渐创造出了开片釉，开片釉产生的原因，简单来说，就是釉的热膨胀系数大于坯体的热膨胀系数，在烧成过程中，釉面产生较大的张应力，从而使釉面形成许多裂纹，现有技术中，日用瓷的装饰效果普通，美感不足，有待进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，所述高强度裂纹日用瓷包括坯体和釉料，所述坯体包括以下重量份的原料：钠长石20-25份、碎玻璃35-40份、粘土25-30份、海泡石15-18份、硅灰石10-12份、石灰岩8-10份、电气石5-8份、绢云母8-12份、硅微粉5-8份、氧化钙2-5份、氧化镧1-3份、碳酸锶1-2份、氧化锡0.5-0.8份；所述釉料包括以下重量份的原料：透长石15-22份、石英20-25份、云母粉10-12份、轻烧粉5-8份、红柱石6-8份、方解石10-12份、变质岩粉2-3份、硅酸锆1-3份、氧化锌2-6份、氧化镁6-8份、氧化铈0.8-1份、六偏磷酸钠1-2份，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)按坯体和釉料原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得坯浆和釉浆；
(2)将步骤(1)制得坯浆制成陶瓷坯体；
(4)将步骤(1)制得的釉浆施加在干燥后的陶瓷坯体表面；
(4)待陶瓷坯体表面的釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在氧化气氛下升温至980-1050℃，保温烧制6-8h，然后转换为还原气氛，升温至1150-1180℃，保温烧制4-5h，最后降温至850-880℃，保温烧制1-2h，制得所述高强度裂纹日用瓷。
进一步的，所述釉料的收缩率大于所述坯体的收缩率。
进一步的，所述釉料的收缩率为16-18％，所述坯体的收缩率为8-12％。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中釉浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨40-48小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.5-1.8:1.2-1.5。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中坯浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨25-30小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.2-1.5:1-1.2。
进一步的，所述步骤(2)中陶瓷坯体的成型工艺为滚压成型。
进一步的，所述步骤(3)中，釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉或浸釉。
进一步的，所述釉料的厚度为0.4-0.6mm。
由上述对本发明的描述可知，与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：坯体通过主成分钠长石、碎玻璃、粘土、海泡石、硅灰石、石灰岩、绢云母与辅助成分电气石、硅微粉、氧化钙、氧化锡、氧化镧和碳酸锶之间相互配合，海泡石与电气石配合，降低陶瓷的烧成温度，绢云母、硅灰石、石灰岩和硅微粉配合，可增加坯体的抗折和抗压性能，同时降低坯体的收缩率，釉料通过主成分透长石、石英、云母粉、轻烧粉、红柱石、方解石与辅助成分变质岩粉、硅酸锆、氧化铝、氧化镁和氧化铈之间相互配合，烧制形成的釉面透亮，且其收缩率大于坯体的收缩率，使最后烧制而成的日用瓷表面形成有许多裂纹，增加日用瓷的美观；
本发明通过坯体与釉料配合，采用一次烧成工艺，先经历氧化气氛，在经历还原气氛烧制，使制得的日用瓷表面形成有许多裂纹、质地坚硬，抗折强度高，化学稳定性好，且日用餐具从1米高掉到水泥板不破裂，耐酸碱，可在微波炉中使用，在自动洗碗机中不破损。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷，包括坯体和釉料。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料：钠长石20-25份、碎玻璃35-40份、粘土25-30份、海泡石15-18份、硅灰石10-12份、石灰岩8-10份、电气石5-8份、绢云母8-12份、硅微粉5-8份、氧化钙2-5份、氧化镧1-3份、碳酸锶1-2份、氧化锡0.5-0.8份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料：透长石15-22份、石英20-25份、云母粉10-12份、轻烧粉5-8份、红柱石6-8份、方解石10-12份、变质岩粉2-3份、硅酸锆1-3份、氧化锌2-6份、氧化镁6-8份、氧化铈0.8-1份、六偏磷酸钠1-2份。
具体的，釉料的收缩率大于所述坯体的收缩率，进一步的，釉料的收缩率为16-18％，所述坯体的收缩率为8-12％。
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按坯体和釉料原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得坯浆和釉浆；
(2)将步骤(1)制得坯浆制成陶瓷坯体；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的釉浆施加在干燥后的陶瓷坯体表面；
(4)待陶瓷坯体表面的釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在氧化气氛下升温至980-1050℃，保温烧制6-8h，然后转换为还原气氛，升温至1150-1180℃，保温烧制4-5h，最后降温至850-880℃，保温烧制1-2h，制得所述高强度裂纹日用瓷。
具体的，步骤(1)中釉浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨40-48小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.5-1.8:1.2-1.5；坯浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨25-30小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.2-1.5:1-1.2。
进陶瓷坯体的成型工艺为滚压成型。
釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉或浸釉。
釉料的厚度为0.4-0.6mm。
实施例1
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷，包括坯体和釉料。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料：钠长石20份、碎玻璃40份、粘土25份、海泡石15份、硅灰石12份、石灰岩8份、电气石8份、绢云母12份、硅微粉5份、氧化钙5份、氧化镧1份、碳酸锶2份、氧化锡0.5份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料：透长石22份、石英20份、云母粉10份、轻烧粉8份、红柱石6份、方解石12份、变质岩粉2份、硅酸锆3份、氧化锌6份、氧化镁6份、氧化铈1份、六偏磷酸钠2份。
具体的，釉料的收缩率大于所述坯体的收缩率，进一步的，釉料的收缩率为16％，所述坯体的收缩率为8％。
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按坯体和釉料原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得坯浆和釉浆；
(2)将步骤(1)制得坯浆制成陶瓷坯体；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的釉浆施加在干燥后的陶瓷坯体表面；
(4)待陶瓷坯体表面的釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在氧化气氛下升温至980℃，保温烧制8h，然后转换为还原气氛，升温至1150℃，保温烧制5h，最后降温至880℃，保温烧制1h，制得所述高强度裂纹日用瓷。
具体的，步骤(1)中釉浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨40小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.5:1.5；坯浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨30小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.2:1。
进陶瓷坯体的成型工艺为滚压成型。
釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉。
釉料的厚度为0.6mm。
实施例2
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷，包括坯体和釉料。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料：钠长石25份、碎玻璃35份、粘土30份、海泡石18份、硅灰石10份、石灰岩10份、电气石5份、绢云母8份、硅微粉8份、氧化钙2份、氧化镧3份、碳酸锶1份、氧化锡0.8份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料：透长石15份、石英25份、云母粉12份、轻烧粉5份、红柱石8份、方解石10份、变质岩粉3份、硅酸锆1份、氧化锌2份、氧化镁8份、氧化铈0.8份、六偏磷酸钠1份。
具体的，釉料的收缩率大于所述坯体的收缩率，进一步的，釉料的收缩率为18％，所述坯体的收缩率为12％。
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按坯体和釉料原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得坯浆和釉浆；
(2)将步骤(1)制得坯浆制成陶瓷坯体；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的釉浆施加在干燥后的陶瓷坯体表面；
(4)待陶瓷坯体表面的釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在氧化气氛下升温至1050℃，保温烧制6h，然后转换为还原气氛，升温至1180℃，保温烧制4h，最后降温至850℃，保温烧制2h，制得所述高强度裂纹日用瓷。
具体的，步骤(1)中釉浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨48小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.8:1.2；坯浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨25小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.5:1.2。
进陶瓷坯体的成型工艺为滚压成型。
釉浆的施釉方式为浸釉。
釉料的厚度为0.4mm。
实施例3
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷，包括坯体和釉料。
坯体包括以下重量份的原料：钠长石22份、碎玻璃38份、粘土28份、海泡石16份、硅灰石11份、石灰岩9份、电气石6份、绢云母10份、硅微粉6份、氧化钙4份、氧化镧2份、碳酸锶1.5份、氧化锡0.6份。
釉料包括以下重量份的原料：透长石18份、石英23份、云母粉11份、轻烧粉6份、红柱石7份、方解石11份、变质岩粉2.5份、硅酸锆2份、氧化锌4份、氧化镁7份、氧化铈0.9份、六偏磷酸钠1.5份。
具体的，釉料的收缩率大于所述坯体的收缩率，进一步的，釉料的收缩率为17％，所述坯体的收缩率为10％。
一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按坯体和釉料原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得坯浆和釉浆；
(2)将步骤(1)制得坯浆制成陶瓷坯体；
(3)将步骤(1)制得的釉浆施加在干燥后的陶瓷坯体表面；
(4)待陶瓷坯体表面的釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在氧化气氛下升温至1020℃，保温烧制7h，然后转换为还原气氛，升温至1165℃，保温烧制4.5h，最后降温至860℃，保温烧制1.5h，制得所述高强度裂纹日用瓷。
具体的，步骤(1)中釉浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨44小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.6:1.4；坯浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨28小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水＝1:1.4:1.1。
进陶瓷坯体的成型工艺为滚压成型。
釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉。
釉料的厚度为0.5mm。
上述三个实施例与现有的日用餐具瓷经试验获得如下的性能参数：
表1各实施例的性能参数表
Figure BDA0002071018960000081
本发明坯体通过主成分钠长石、碎玻璃、粘土、海泡石、硅灰石、石灰岩、绢云母与辅助成分电气石、硅微粉、氧化钙、氧化锡、氧化镧和碳酸锶之间相互配合，海泡石与电气石配合，降低陶瓷的烧成温度，绢云母、硅灰石、石灰岩和硅微粉配合，可增加坯体的抗折和抗压性能，同时降低坯体的收缩率，釉料通过主成分透长石、石英、云母粉、轻烧粉、红柱石、方解石与辅助成分变质岩粉、硅酸锆、氧化铝、氧化镁和氧化铈之间相互配合，烧制形成的釉面透亮，且其收缩率大于坯体的收缩率，使最后烧制而成的日用瓷表面形成有许多裂纹，增加日用瓷的美观；通过坯体与釉料配合，采用一次烧成工艺，先经历氧化气氛，在经历还原气氛烧制，使制得的日用瓷表面形成有许多裂纹、质地坚硬，抗折强度高，化学稳定性好，且日用餐具从1米高掉到水泥板不破裂，耐酸碱，可在微波炉中使用，在自动洗碗机中不破损。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，故不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，即依本发明申请专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰，皆应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：所述高强度裂纹日用瓷包括坯体和釉料，所述坯体包括以下重量份的原料：钠长石20-25份、碎玻璃35-40份、粘土25-30份、海泡石15-18份、硅灰石10-12份、石灰岩8-10份、电气石5-8份、绢云母8-12份、硅微粉5-8份、氧化钙2-5份、氧化镧1-3份、碳酸锶1-2份、氧化锡0.5-0.8份；所述釉料包括以下重量份的原料：透长石15-22份、石英20-25份、云母粉10-12份、轻烧粉5-8份、红柱石6-8份、方解石10-12份、变质岩粉2-3份、硅酸锆1-3份、氧化锌2-6份、氧化镁6-8份、氧化铈0.8-1份、六偏磷酸钠1-2份，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）按坯体和釉料原料配方称重配料，原料分别粉碎、混合、湿法球磨，制得坯浆和釉浆；
（2）将步骤（1）制得坯浆制成陶瓷坯体；
（3）将步骤（1）制得的釉浆施加在干燥后的陶瓷坯体表面；
（4）待陶瓷坯体表面的釉浆干燥后，送入窑炉中，在氧化气氛下升温至980-1050℃，保温烧制6-8h，然后转换为还原气氛，升温至1150-1180℃，保温烧制4-5h，最后降温至850-880℃，保温烧制1-2h，制得所述高强度裂纹日用瓷；
所述釉料的收缩率大于所述坯体的收缩率；所述釉料的收缩率为16-18%，所述坯体的收缩率为8-12%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中釉浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨40-48小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水 =1:1.5-1.8:1.2-1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（1）中坯浆湿球磨时，原料在球磨机中湿法研磨25-30小时，研磨介质为水，原料：球：水 =1:1.2-1.5:1-1.2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中陶瓷坯体的成型工艺为滚压成型。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中，釉浆的施釉方式为淋釉或浸釉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度裂纹日用瓷的制备方法，其特征在于：所述釉料的厚度为0.4-0.6mm。
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