CN110182063B - 电动车辆及电动车辆用控制装置 - Google Patents
电动车辆及电动车辆用控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/11—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines using DC generators and DC motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/13—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines using AC generators and AC motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/14—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines using DC generators and AC motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
- B60W20/19—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for achieving enhanced acceleration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/427—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/081—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
- B60W2710/083—Torque
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
提供电动车辆及电动车辆用控制装置。在电动车辆中,能够感受到与传统动力设备类似的重力加速度的变化。在电动车辆(1)中设置:变速器(18),其根据所供给的变速挡指令值N*设定变速挡N,以与变速挡N对应的齿轮比对马达(16)的旋转速度进行减速,驱动车轮(20)旋转;用户操作部(21、22),其基于用户的操作输出变速挡指令值N*和速度操作量Pd;以及控制部(30),其将直流电压指令值vdc*或交流电压指令值vac*设定为与变速挡N及速度操作量Pd对应的操作对应值,并且当用户操作部(21、22)的操作中规定的条件成立时,将直流电压指令值vdc*或交流电压指令值vac*设定为比操作对应值高的值而使加速度产生变化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车辆及电动车辆用控制装置。
背景技术
在下述专利文献1中,记载了在并用发动机和旋转电机的车辆中,在使发动机的旋转稳定化的同时提高加速性的技术。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2016/084803号
发明内容
本发明所要解决的课题
然而,在具备手动变速器并由旋转电机驱动的车辆中,如果油门踏板的操作量是恒定的,则无论齿轮比如何,旋转电机的输出扭矩都被控制为大致恒定。
但是,在该结构中,在用户进行了变速操作的情况下,来自车辆的响应变小。由此,无法感觉到由传统动力设备(例如内燃发动机)得到的与变速对应的重力加速度(加速G)的变化,也存在感到不满意的用户。
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,本发明的目的在于提供一种电动车辆及电动车辆用控制装置,能够感受到与传统动力设备类似的重力加速度的变化。
用于解决课题的手段
为了解决上述课题,本发明的电动车辆的特征在于,其具备:马达;车轮;直流电压产生部,其根据所供给的直流电压指令值产生直流电压;逆变器,其将所述直流电压转换为基于所供给的交流电压指令值的交流电压,并施加到所述马达;变速器,其根据所供给的变速挡指令值设定变速挡,以与变速挡对应的齿轮比对所述马达的旋转速度进行减速,驱动所述车轮旋转;用户操作部,其基于用户的操作,输出所述变速挡指令值和速度操作量;以及控制部,其将所述直流电压指令值或所述交流电压指令值设定为与所述变速挡及所述速度操作量对应的操作对应值,并且,当所述用户操作部的操作中规定条件成立时,将所述直流电压指令值或所述交流电压指令值设定为比所述操作对应值高的值而使加速度产生变化。
本发明的效果
根据本发明,用户可以感受到类似于传统动力设备的重力加速度的变化。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施例的电动车辆的框图。
图2是在控制部中执行的控制程序的流程图的一例。
图3是示出车速和直流电压的变化的一例的图。
图4是示出驱动线图的一例的图。
图5是在控制部中执行的控制程序的流程图的另一例。
图6是示出车速和交流电压的变化的一例的图。
图7是示出交流电压相对于踏板踩踏量的变化的一例的图。
图8是示出驱动线图的另一例的图。
标号说明
N:变速挡;
vac:交流电压;
vdc:直流电压;
N*:变速挡指令值;
Pd、Pd11~Pd14:踏板踩踏量(速度操作量);
vac*:交流电压指令值;
vdc*:直流电压指令值;
1:电动车辆;
14:逆变器;
Pd:踏板踩踏量;
12:VCU(直流电压产生部);
16:马达;
18:变速器;
20:车轮;
21:变速杆(用户操作部);
22:油门踏板(用户操作部);
30:控制部(电动车辆用控制装置)。
具体实施方式
<实施方式的结构>
图1是本发明实施例的电动车辆1的框图。
在图1中,电动车辆1具备电池10、VCU(Voltage Control Unit:直流电压产生部)12、逆变器14、电流传感器15、三相马达16、变速器18、车轮20、变速杆21(用户操作部)、油门踏板22(用户操作部)以及控制部30(电动车辆用控制装置)。
控制部30具备CPU(Central Processing Unit:中央处理单元)、RAM(RandomAccess Memory:随机访问存储器)、ROM(Read Only Memory:只读存储器)等作为一般计算机的硬件,在ROM中,存储有各种控制程序及数据等。控制程序在RAM中展开,由CPU执行。
在图1中,控制部30的内部将通过控制程序实现的功能表示为方框。即,控制部30具备目标值计算部32和驱动指令部34。
VCU 12对电池10的输出电压进行升压,并将升压后的直流电压vdc施加给逆变器14。逆变器14对直流电压vdc进行PWM(Pulse Width Modulation:脉冲宽度调制)调制,输出三相交流电压vac。所生成的交流电压vac被施加到马达16的各相。电流传感器15计测从逆变器14向马达16供给的三相电流中的两相(在图示的例子中为U相及V相)的电流,将其结果作为电流计测值iu、iv来输出。马达16的旋转轴借助变速器18与车轮20结合。在马达16中包含有旋转传感器(未图示),该旋转传感器输出马达16的旋转角θ和旋转速度ω。
变速器18被设定为多个变速挡中的任一个。变速杆21由用户操作,输出向变速器18指示变速挡的变速挡指令值N*。当该变速挡指令值N*被供给到变速器18时,在变速器18中执行变速挡的切换。然后,变速器18输出当前设定的变速挡N。另外,例如如果变速器18为5速的变速器,则变速挡N及变速挡指令值N*为“1”~“5”的自然数。油门踏板22由用户进行踩踏操作,输出表示被踩踏的深度的踏板踩踏量Pd(速度操作量)。
在控制部30中,目标值计算部32基于旋转角θ、旋转速度ω、变速挡N、踏板踩踏量Pd,输出表示应使马达16产生的扭矩的扭矩指令值τ*。另外,驱动指令部34基于旋转角θ、旋转速度ω、变速挡N、踏板踩踏量Pd他电流计测值iu、iv,运算指示直流电压vdc的直流电压指令值vdc*和指示交流电压vac的交流电压指令值vac*。该直流电压指令值vdc*被供给到VCU 12,交流电压指令值vac*被供给到逆变器14。
<实施方式的动作>
(动作例1)
图2是在控制部30中执行的控制程序的流程图的一例。该控制程序适用于踏板踩踏量Pd恒定(例如,踏板踩踏量Pd的最大值)的情况。在图2中,当处理进入步骤S2时,目标值计算部32判定变速挡N是否产生了变化。在此,当判定为“是”时,处理进入步骤S4,目标值计算部32根据变速挡N对驱动指令部34设定扭矩指令值τ*。
接着,当处理进入步骤S6时,驱动指令部34进行数据收集。即,驱动指令部34取得电流计测值iu、iv、旋转角θ以及旋转速度ω的当前值。接着,当处理进入步骤S8时,驱动指令部34根据取得的数据,适当变更直流电压指令值vdc*和/或交流电压指令值vac*,将其结果指示给VCU 12和逆变器14。接着,处理返到步骤S2,重复上述步骤S2~S8的处理。
图3是示出本实施方式的一个动作例(称为动作例1)中的车速以及直流电压vdc的变化的一个例子的图。
在图3所示的例子中,在时刻t0~t4的期间,踏板踩踏量Pd(参照图1)设为恒定(例如,踏板踩踏量Pd的最大值)。另外,在时刻t2以前,在变速器18中选择变速挡A,在时刻t2以后选择变速挡B。另外,变速挡B与变速挡A相比,齿轮比小。图中的电压v1是比较例中的直流电压vdc。在该比较例中,电压v1始终恒定。另外,图中的车速k1是比较例中的车速,以恒定的加速度增加。
图中的电压v2是本实施方式的动作例1中的直流电压vdc。根据该动作例1,电压v2被设定为,在时刻t2变速挡从A切换为B之后,在规定的期间内变得比v1高。另外,电压v1在图示的期间中,保持为通常额定值vdc1。这里,通常额定值vdcl是能够连续地设定为vdc的电压。另外,电压v2在若干期间(时刻t2~t4的期间)被保持为短时间额定值vdc2。另外,短时间额定值vdc2如果在规定的时间(例如5分钟)以内,则是能够设定为直流电压vdc的电压。另外,图中的车速k2是该动作例1中的车速。车速k2在时刻t2以前以恒定的加速度增加。
但是,在时刻t2以后,随着电压v2的上升,车速k2的加速度变高。该车速k2的加速度的变化在上述的步骤S8(参照图2)中,可以通过变更直流电压指令值vdc*或交流电压指令值vac*来实现。
虽然省略了交流电压vac的图示,但在比较例和本实施方式的动作例1的双方中,如果踏板踩踏量Pd为最大值,则交流电压vac也为最大值。由于交流电压vac的最大值由直流电压vdc确定,因此交流电压vac的电平与图3所示的直流电压vdc的电平(电压v1、v2)成比例。比较例中的直流电压vdc(图3的电压v1)、交流电压vac与用户的操作内容、即踏板踩踏量Pd及变速挡N对应地确定。因此,将比较例中的直流电压vdc以及交流电压vac称为“操作对应值”。另一方面,本实施方式的动作例1中的电压v2在时刻t2~t4的期间比电压v1高。因此,该期间的电压v2被设定为“比操作对应值高的值”。将该期间的电压v2设定为比操作对应值高的值是在加速中升挡的情况。例如,在减速中或进行降挡的情况下,优选将电压v2设为操作对应值。
图4是示出本实施方式的动作例1中的驱动线图的一例的图。
在图4中,点划线的范围102A表示在直流电压vdc为通常额定值vdcl、变速挡为A的情况下,车速和马达16的扭矩的可取范围。另外,双点划线的范围102B表示在直流电压vdc为通常额定值vdcl、变速挡为B的情况下,车速和扭矩的可取范围。另外,虚线的范围104B表示在直流电压vdc为短时间额定值vdc2、变速挡为B的情况下,车速和扭矩的可取范围。
另外,特性Q1是比较例中的驱动特性,特性Q1上的点r11、r12、r13、r14分别是图3的时刻t1、t2、t3、t4时的比较例(车速k1)的动作点。另外,特性Q2是本实施方式中的驱动特性,特性Q2上的点r21、r22、r23、r24分别是图3的时刻t1、t2、t3,t4时的本实施方式(车速k2)的动作点。
(动作例2)
图5是在控制部30中执行的控制程序的流程图的其他例子。
该控制程序适用于踏板踩踏量Pd根据用户的踩踏操作而变化的情况。在图5中,当处理进入步骤S20时,控制部30根据当前的踏板踩踏量Pd,设定直流电压指令值vdc*和/或交流电压指令值vac*。更详细地说,首先,目标值计算部32根据当前的踏板踩踏量Pd,设定扭矩指令值τ*。
即,踏板踩踏量Pd越大,则将扭矩指令值τ*设定得越大。接着,扭矩指令值τ*越大,则驱动指令部34将交流电压指令值vac*设定得越大。另外,当交流电压指令值vac*提高时,以当前的直流电压vdc,有时难以实现对应的交流电压vac。在这种情况下,驱动指令部34根据需要进行变更,以使直流电压指令值vdc*也提高。
接着,执行步骤S22~S28的处理。这些处理内容与上述的“动作例1”的步骤S2~S8的处理内容相同。即,在步骤S22中,目标值计算部32判定变速挡N是否产生了变化。在此,当判定为“是”时,目标值计算部32在步骤S24中,根据变速挡N对驱动指令部34设定扭矩指令值τ*。另外,处理在步骤S26中,驱动指令部34进行数据收集。另外,处理在步骤S28中,驱动指令部34根据获得的数据,适当变更直流电压指令值vdc*和/或交流电压指令值vac*,将其结果指示给VCU 12和逆变器14。在动作例2中,也重复这些上述的步骤S22~S28的处理。
图6是示出动作例2中的车速及交流电压vac的变化的一例的图。在图6所示的例子中,在时刻t10~t14的期间,踏板踩踏量Pd以斜坡函数状上升(未图示)。另外,在时刻t12以前,在变速器18中选择变速挡A,在时刻t12以后选择变速挡B。另外,与图3所示的例子相同,变速挡B的齿轮比比变速挡A小。图中的电压v11是比较例中的交流电压vac。在该比较例中,电压v11与踏板踩踏量Pd对应地以斜坡函数状上升。另外,图中的车速k11是比较例中的车速。
另外,图中的电压v12是本实施方式中的交流电压vac。根据本实施方式,电压v12被设定为,在时刻t12变速挡从A切换为B之后,在规定的期间内比电压v11高。另外,图中的车速k12是本实施方式中的车速。车速k12在时刻t12以前与车速k11同样地增加。但是,在时刻t12以后,随着电压v12的上升,车速k12的加速度变高。
图7是示出动作例2中的交流电压vac相对于踏板踩踏量Pd的变化的一例的图。
即,图7在示出交流电压vac的变化这一点上与图6相同,但将横轴示出为踏板踩踏量Pd。图中的踏板踩踏量Pd11~Pd14分别是图6中的时刻t11~t14时的踏板踩踏量Pd。另外,图7中的电压v21、v22分别与图6中的电压v11、v12对应。
图8是本实施方式的动作例2中的驱动线图。
在图8中,范围102A、102B、104B意义与图4的相同。另外,特性Q11是比较例中的驱动特性,特性Q11上的点r31、r32、r33、r34分别是图6的时刻t11、t12、t13,t14时的比较例(车速k11)的动作点。此外,特性Q12是本实施方式的动作例2中的驱动特性,特性Q12上的点r41、r42、r43、r44分别是图6的时刻t11、t12、t13,t14时的动作例2(车速k12)的动作点。在该动作例2中,在大部分期间,直流电压vdc被保持在通常额定值vdcl(参照图3)。但是,在图8所示的动作点r43的周边,特性Q12通过通常额定值vdcl超过能够实现的范围102B。因此,在特性Q12超过范围102B的期间内,直流电压vdc被设定为比通常额定值vdc1高一些的值。
(一个实施方式的效果)
如上所述,本实施方式的电动车辆1具备:变速器18,其根据所供给的变速挡指令值N*设定变速挡N,以与变速挡N对应的齿轮比,对马达16的旋转速度进行减速并,驱动车轮20旋转;用户操作部21、22,其根据用户的操作,输出变速挡指令值N*和速度操作量Pd;以及控制部30,其将直流电压指令值vdc*或交流电压指令值vac*设定为与变速挡N及速度操作量Pd对应的操作对应值V1、V11,并且当用户操作部21、22的操作中规定条件成立时,将直流电压指令值vdc*或交流电压指令值vac*设定为比操作对应值V1、V11高的值而使加速度产生变化。
由此,用户能够通过类似于传统动力设备(例如内燃发动机)的扭矩的提高,感受到重力加速度的变化。
进而,根据本实施方式,规定的条件是:变速挡N被变更;以及在该变更之后经过规定的时间。
由此,能够表现出像传统动力设备那样的变速时的加速的增长。
(变形例)
本发明并不限定于上述的实施方式,能够进行各种变形。上述的实施方式是为了容易理解地说明本发明而示例的,并不限定于必须具备所说明的全部结构。另外,也可以在上述实施方式的结构中增加其他结构,也可以将结构的一部分替换为其他结构。另外,图中所示的控制线和信息线表示在说明上认为必要的控制线和信息线,不限于表示产品上必要的所有控制线和信息线。实际上也可以认为几乎所有的结构都彼此连接。对于上述实施方式,可能的变形例如是以下这样的变形。
(1)上述实施方式中的控制部30的硬件能够通过一般的计算机来实现,因此能够将图2、图5等所示的程序等存储在存储介质中,或者也可以经由传输路径进行发布。
(2)图2、图5等所示处理在上述实施方式中作为使用了程序的软件处理进行了说明,但也可以将其部分或全部替换为使用ASIC(Application Specific IntegratedCircuit:应用程序专用集成电路)或FPGA(field-programmable gate array:现场可编程阵列)等的硬件处理。
Claims (4)
1.一种电动车辆,其特征在于,
所述电动车辆具备:
马达;
车轮;
直流电压产生部,其根据所供给的直流电压指令值产生直流电压;
逆变器,其将所述直流电压转换为基于所供给的交流电压指令值的交流电压,并施加到所述马达;
变速器,其根据所供给的变速挡指令值设定变速挡,以与所述变速挡对应的齿轮比,对所述马达的旋转速度进行减速,驱动所述车轮旋转;
用户操作部,其基于用户的操作,输出所述变速挡指令值和速度操作量;以及
控制部,其将所述直流电压指令值和所述交流电压指令值设定为与所述变速挡及所述速度操作量对应的操作对应值,并且在所述用户操作部的操作是加速中的升挡的情况下,将所述直流电压指令值和所述交流电压指令值设定为比所述操作对应值高的值而使加速度产生变化,并且将所述直流电压设定为比能够连续地设定的电压高的电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,
所述控制部将所述直流电压指令值和所述交流电压指令值设定为比所述操作对应值高的值,直至所述变速挡被变更之后经过规定的时间为止。
3.一种电动车辆用控制装置,其特征在于,
所述电动车辆用控制装置被应用于电动车辆,所述电动车辆具有:
马达;
车轮;
直流电压产生部,其根据所供给的直流电压指令值产生直流电压;
逆变器,其将所述直流电压转换为基于所供给的交流电压指令值的交流电压,并施加到所述马达;
变速器,其根据所供给的变速挡指令值设定变速挡,以与变速挡对应的齿轮比,对所述马达的旋转速度进行减速,驱动所述车轮旋转;以及
用户操作部,其基于用户的操作,输出所述变速挡指令值和速度操作量,
所述电动车辆用控制装置将所述直流电压指令值和所述交流电压指令值设定为与所述变速挡及所述速度操作量对应的操作对应值,并且,当所述用户操作部的操作是加速中的升挡的情况下,将所述直流电压指令值和所述交流电压指令值设定为比所述操作对应值高的值而使加速度产生变化,并且将所述直流电压设定为比能够连续地设定的电压高的电压。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电动车辆用控制装置,其特征在于,
将所述直流电压指令值和所述交流电压指令值设定为比所述操作对应值高的值,直至所述变速挡被变更之后经过规定的时间为止。
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