CN110012771B - Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia - Google Patents
Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110012771B CN110012771B CN201910349836.5A CN201910349836A CN110012771B CN 110012771 B CN110012771 B CN 110012771B CN 201910349836 A CN201910349836 A CN 201910349836A CN 110012771 B CN110012771 B CN 110012771B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- planting
- golden camellia
- soil
- plant
- months
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating golden camellia at an early high yield, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of rare and rare plants. The early high-yield cultivation method of the golden camellia comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting a forest land; step 2: selecting nursery stocks; and step 3: planting method; and 4, step 4: managing a forest land; and 5: pest control; step 6: transplanting; and 7: and (5) managing the transplanting garden. The invention mainly adopts grafting and cutting seedlings to establish a close planting early-stage production demonstration base, and solves the problems of low yield and low efficiency of 8-10 years of production due to the adoption of seedling planting in the prior art. The invention adopts high density to establish the demonstration forest, the blooming in the 3 rd year, the production in the 4 th and 5 th years are achieved, the price of a single plant reaches more than one hundred yuan, the plants are moved and sold in the density region, and the benefit is considerable; the demonstration forest is established at high density, the density is high, the number of plants is large, intensive operation is realized, the cost is low, the benefit is high, and early production efficiency improvement is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an early high-yield cultivation method of golden camellia, and belongs to the technical field of rare and rare plant cultivation.
Background
The golden camellia can be used as an ornamental plant, and flowers and leaves of the golden camellia can be used as tea and medicines, so that the golden camellia is a plant used as medicine and food. The golden camellia is a rare and rare plant in the world, is extremely rare and extremely narrow in distribution, 90% of wild golden camellia in the world is only distributed in one branch vein of hundreds of thousands of mountains in defense, urban harbors and cities in China, grows below 700 meters in altitude, is common in a range between 200 and 500 meters in altitude, has the lower limit of vertical distribution of about 20 meters in altitude and the upper limit of vertical distribution of 890 meters in altitude, is a rare and rare plant in the world, is one of eight national primary protection plants in China, and is known as 'panda in plant boundary' and 'behind the tea family'. In 1960, scientists in China were found in Guangxi for the first time, and moved the world horticulture and news world at that time, and were highly valued by horticulturists at home and abroad. In recent 60 years, China science and technology workers do a lot of work on protection, development and utilization of golden camellia, and mainly perform aspects of growth environment investigation, variety classification, molecular inheritance, seedling cultivation, product development and the like. In the aspect of cultivation demonstration, some experimental demonstration bases are established to obtain a primary effect, but the problems of mixed varieties, poor growth vigor, late flowering, low benefit and the like exist.
In order to protect and develop and utilize the golden camellia, which is a rare and rare plant, to achieve early high yield and high efficiency, to promote economic development of mountainous forestry and income of farmers, a new method for early high-yield cultivation of golden camellia is urgently needed to be developed to make up for the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an early high-yield cultivation method of golden camellia. The invention mainly adopts grafting and cutting seedlings to establish a close planting early-stage production demonstration base, and solves the problems of low yield and low efficiency of 8-10 years of production due to the adoption of seedling planting in the prior art. The invention adopts high density to establish the demonstration forest, the blooming in the 3 rd year, the production in the 4 th and 5 th years are achieved, the price of a single plant reaches more than one hundred yuan, the plants are moved and sold in the density region, and the benefit is considerable; the demonstration forest is established at high density, the density is high, the number of plants is large, intensive operation is realized, the cost is low, the benefit is high, and early production efficiency improvement is realized.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for early high-yield cultivation of golden camellia comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of forest land
Selecting a place with an altitude of 200-300 m, convenient traffic, mild topography, soil layer depth of more than 1m, gradient within 20 degrees, loose soil texture, good drainage and soil pH value of 4.5-6.0 as a forest land;
step 2: seedling selection
Selecting normal camellia nitidissima nutrition cup seedlings which grow for more than 1.5 years, are strong in growth, have no plant diseases and insect pests, are 70cm-80cm high and have a ground diameter of 0.9cm-1.0cm as camellia nitidissima seedlings;
and step 3: planting method
Before 12 months and before 1 year, refining the forest land in the step 1, planning the forest land, planting positive tree species in 3 months and then planting golden camellia seedlings selected in the step 2 in 8 months and then planting the golden camellia seedlings in 2 years;
and 4, step 4: forest land management
Step 4.1: tending and fertilizing
After the golden camellia seedlings are planted for 20-30 days, the plants start to grow, at the moment, the tending and fertilizing are carried out, soil is loosened for 8-10 cm on a plant basal disc, 0.5 percent by mass of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution is applied for 1 time every 18-22 days, and 3 times are carried out continuously; loosening the soil in 12-month middle ten days of the same year, and simultaneously broadcasting 6-8 g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant each time;
loosening 8-10 cm of soil on a plant basal disc in the last 2 months of the 2 nd year, and applying 0.6 mass percent of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution for 1 time and 4 times continuously at intervals of 18-22 days; loosening soil and weeding once every 38-42 days from the last 7 th to the middle 12 th of the month in the same year, and simultaneously spreading 10-12 g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant;
the tending method from the 3 rd year to the 4 th year is the same as that in the 2 nd year, the fertilizing amount of the fertilizer is increased along with the growth of the tree age, and 12g-15g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each time;
step 4.2: drought resistance;
step 4.3: pruning
Shaping the crown 5 months after the golden camellia nursery stock is planted, and pruning bare branches, weak plants and insect-disease branches to ensure that the crown branches uniformly;
and 5: pest control;
step 6: transplanting
In the 3 rd year, when the tree height of the golden camellia saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, performing inter-row transplanting, and moving out one row of golden camellia saplings every two rows;
in the 5 th year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the trees are as high as more than 1.6m, the crown diameters are 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns are overlapped, inter-plant transplanting is carried out, one golden camellia young tree is moved out every two plants, and simultaneously, a row of pachira macrocarpa is moved out;
and 7: management of transplanting gardens
And in 2 months of 6 years, clearing forest lands, tending and arranging plant bases, arranging the ground projected by the tree crowns into a tree tray with loose soil by taking the tree bases as centers, and enhancing fertilization management and pest control.
The method selects common camellia nitidissima nutrition cup seedlings for planting, the camellia nitidissima is seen in 2-3 years, the camellia nitidissima is put into production in 4-5 years and is produced in 6-8 years, and early production increase can be achieved.
The invention adopts the nutrient cup seedlings of the golden camellia to establish the high-density demonstration garden, saves the land area, and has considerable benefit when the growth reaches a certain degree and the young trees are transplanted in intervals for sale.
In step 3, the forest land planning refers to planning a district road, a swimming road, a water pool, a spraying pipeline and the like in the forest land.
In step 3 of the invention, the pachira macrocarpa belongs to a positive tree species. The positive tree species refers to tree species which require sunlight for the growth of saplings and are fast in growth and can be stagnated in the early stage of the forest land. As the young period of the golden camellia belongs to a partial negative tree species, the planted forest land needs to firstly plant the positive tree species and then cultivate the golden camellia under the forest of the positive tree species, which is beneficial to the growth of the golden camellia.
In the step 4.1, after the golden camellia is planted and survived, soil loosening, weeding and fertilization are needed in time, a good environment is provided for growth of the golden camellia, meanwhile, water and fertilizer drip irrigation measures are adopted, sufficient nutrient supply is provided, and good guarantee is provided for improving the planting survival rate of the golden camellia and promoting vigorous growth of the golden camellia.
In step 4.2 of the invention, the drought-resistant method is the same as the conventional drought-resistant means of the golden camellia. Namely, water spraying is started immediately when drought occurs, the water spraying time avoids strong sun exposure, and the water spraying time is 17: 00-21: 00 is carried out.
In step 6 of the invention, after the young golden camellia trees are transplanted for the first time, the plant-row spacing is 0.7m multiplied by 1.4 m. After the young golden camellia trees and the pachira macrocarpa trees are transplanted for the second time, the plant spacing and the row spacing are 1.4m multiplied by 2.1 m.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in step 3, the specific method for planting the pachira macrocarpa comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of adopting nutrient cup seedlings of the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the height of the seedlings is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm, the row spacing of planting plants is 0.7m multiplied by 2.1m, the specification of planting pits is 35cm long multiplied by 35cm wide multiplied by 30cm deep, slightly removing the nutrient cups, placing the seedlings and nutrient soil in the centers of the planting pits, covering soil on the periphery and compacting, pouring enough root fixing water, after the pachira macrocarpa survives in the last ten days of 4 months, broadcasting granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for 1 time every 18-22 days, continuously applying 10g-15g for each plant for 3-4 times.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the planting survival rate of the pachira macrocarpa can be improved.
Furthermore, in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is suitable for nutrients required by growth of the golden camellia, and can promote vigorous growth of the golden camellia.
Further, in step 3, the specific method for planting golden camellia comprises the following steps: planting 2 rows of golden camellia among the rows planted by the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants is 0.7m multiplied by 0.7m, the specification of a planting pit is 25cm long multiplied by 25cm wide multiplied by 20cm deep, slightly removing a nutrition cup, putting golden camellia seedlings and nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, covering soil on the periphery of the planting pit for compaction, pouring enough root fixing water, and then laying water conveying bags among the rows planted by the golden camellia.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: according to the growth characteristics of the golden camellia, the golden camellia needs to grow in a half-shade humid environment. By adopting the cultivation density, a positive tree species, namely a pachira macrocarpa is planted firstly, and golden camellia is planted when the growth is vigorous, the tree height reaches about 1.5m, the crown is increased and the density of branches and leaves is high, so that the sun-shading material cost can be saved, and the growth of the golden camellia in a young period can be ensured; the water conveying bag is laid for drip irrigation in drought or water and fertilizer application, and the method is adopted for drought resistance and water and fertilizer application, so that the labor cost is saved.
Further, in step 5, the specific method for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: brown spot: spraying 0.8 mass percent Bordeaux mixture before the young sprout in the last ten days of spring from 2 months to 4 months for prevention, enhancing drainage and fertilization, removing damaged leaves and burning;
step 5.2: sooty mould: spraying 1-degree lime sulfur mixture on the plant or using 1500-2000 times dimethoate for preventing and treating the plant in 9-11 months;
step 5.3: root rot: removing serious plants, covering with slaked lime mixed with soil, or irrigating with 50% of sterile, or 50% of carbendazim 600 times of liquid for preventing and treating;
step 5.4: tea leaf mascara: spraying 2000-3000 times of strong water-soluble liquid with the mass percent of 20%, or spraying 15 OO-2000 times of long-acting phosphorus water-soluble liquid with the mass percent of 20%, or spraying 1000-1500 times of phosphorus dibromide, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
step 5.5: stem borers: spraying a 500-fold liquid of 90 percent trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually killing the adults when the adults of the stem borer move 8 hours each day in the eclosion period;
step 5.6: tea wasp: 2.5 percent of dipterex powder or 90 percent of dipterex 2000 times liquid by mass percent is sprayed.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the measures, the plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively prevented and treated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the common camellia chrysantha variety grafted seedlings to establish the close planting demonstration base, and solves the problems of low yield and low efficiency caused by 8-10 years of production due to the adoption of seedling planting in the prior art.
(2) The invention adopts high density to establish the demonstration forest, the flowering period reaches 3 years, most plants enter the flowering period in 4 th and 5 th years, the single plant selling price reaches more than hundred yuan, the plants are moved and sold in the density region, and the benefit is considerable.
(3) The demonstration forest of the invention has the advantages of high cultivation density, large number of plants, intensive operation, low cost and high benefit.
(4) The invention adopts golden camellia, a valuable plant, to establish a high-density cultivation demonstration base, achieves early high yield and high efficiency, has great significance for protecting, cultivating and developing and utilizing valuable and rare tree species resources, and is the first time in China.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for cultivating the golden camellia at the early stage in a high yield mode comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of forest land
A place with the altitude of 200m, convenient traffic, mild topography, soil layer depth of more than 1m, gradient within 20 degrees, loose soil texture, good drainage and soil pH value of 4.5 is selected as a forest land.
Step 2: seedling selection
Selecting normal camellia nitidissima nutrition cup seedlings which grow for more than 1.5 years, are strong in growth, have no plant diseases and insect pests, have the seedling height of 70cm and the ground diameter of 0.9cm as camellia nitidissima seedlings.
And step 3: planting method
Before 12 months and before 1 year, the forest land of the step 1 is refined, and meanwhile, the forest land is planned. The forest land planning refers to planning a district, a swimming channel, a water pool, a spraying pipeline and the like in the forest land.
And then planting the pachira macrocarpa in the 3 rd and the 8 th months of the 2 nd year, and planting the camellia chrysantha seedlings selected in the step 2. Pachira macrocarpa belongs to positive tree species. The positive tree species refers to tree species which require sunlight for the growth of saplings and are fast in growth and can be stagnated in the early stage of the forest land. As the young period of the golden camellia belongs to a partial negative tree species, the planted forest land needs to firstly plant the positive tree species and then cultivate the golden camellia under the forest of the positive tree species, which is beneficial to the growth of the golden camellia.
The concrete method for planting the pachira macrocarpa comprises the following steps: adopting nutrient cup seedlings of a pachira macrocarpa, the height of the seedlings is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm, the row spacing of the planting plants is 0.7m multiplied by 2.1m, the specification of the planting pits is 35cm long multiplied by 35cm wide multiplied by 30cm deep, slightly removing the nutrient cup, putting the seedlings and nutrient soil into the center of the planting pits, covering soil around the seedlings and the nutrient soil and compacting the seedlings,sprinkling enough water for fixing roots, and after the pachira macrocarpa survives in the last ten days of 4 months, scattering the granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for 1 time every 18 days, continuously applying the fertilizer for 3 times, wherein 10g of the fertilizer is applied to each plant every time. N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent.
The specific method for planting the golden camellia comprises the following steps: planting 2 rows of golden camellia among the rows planted by the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants is 0.7m multiplied by 0.7m, the specification of a planting pit is 25cm long multiplied by 25cm wide multiplied by 20cm deep, slightly removing a nutrition cup, putting golden camellia seedlings and nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, covering soil on the periphery of the planting pit for compaction, pouring enough root fixing water, and then laying water conveying bags among the rows planted by the golden camellia.
And 4, step 4: forest land management
Step 4.1: tending and fertilizing
After the golden camellia seedlings are planted for 20 days, the plants start to grow, at the moment, the tending and fertilizing are carried out, the soil of a plant basal disc is loosened by 8cm, 0.5 percent by mass of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution is applied for 1 time every 18 days, and the continuous 3 times are carried out; in 12-month middle ten days of the year, soil is loosened, and 6g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is broadcast to each plant each time. N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent. After the camellia chrysantha is planted and survived, soil loosening, weeding and fertilization need to be carried out in time, a good environment is provided for growth of the camellia chrysantha, meanwhile, a water-fertilizer drip irrigation measure is adopted, sufficient nutrient supply is provided, the planting survival rate of the camellia chrysantha is improved, and vigorous growth of the camellia chrysantha is promoted.
Loosening 8cm of soil on a plant basal disc in the last 2 months of the 2 nd year, and applying 0.6 mass percent of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution for 1 time and 4 times continuously every 18 days; loosening soil and weeding once every 38 days from 7-12 middle of the month in the same year, and simultaneously spreading 10-12 g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer to each plant.
The tending method from the 3 rd year to the 4 th year is the same as that in the 2 nd year, the fertilizing amount increases along with the growth of the tree age, and 12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each time.
Step 4.2: drought resistance
The drought resisting method is the same as the conventional drought resisting method of the golden camellia. Namely, water spraying is started immediately when drought occurs, the water spraying time avoids strong sun exposure, and the water spraying time is 17: 00-21: 00 is carried out.
Step 4.3: pruning
Shaping the crown 5 months after the golden camellia nursery stock is planted, and pruning bare branches, weak plants and insect-disease branches to ensure that the crown branches uniformly;
and 5: the pest control method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: brown spot: spraying 0.8 mass percent Bordeaux mixture before the young sprout in the last ten days of spring from 2 months to 4 months for prevention, enhancing drainage and fertilization, removing damaged leaves and burning;
step 5.2: sooty mould: spraying 1 degree lime sulfur mixture on the diseased plant in 9-11 months;
step 5.3: root rot: removing serious plants, and covering with slaked lime mixed with soil;
step 5.4: tea leaf mascara: spraying 2000-3000 times of 20% of the strong water-soluble liquid for 2-3 times;
step 5.5: stem borers: spraying a 500-fold liquid of 90 percent trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually killing the adults when the adults of the stem borer move 8 hours each day in the eclosion period;
step 5.6: tea wasp: 2.5 percent of dipterex powder or 90 percent of dipterex 2000 times liquid by mass percent is sprayed.
Step 6: transplanting
And 3, transplanting rows when the tree height of the golden camellia young trees is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m in 3 rd year, and removing one row of golden camellia young trees every two rows to form a row spacing of 0.7m multiplied by 1.4 m.
And in 3 months at 5 years, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60 percent, the height of the trees reaches more than 1.6m, the diameter of the crowns is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns are overlapped, inter-plant transplanting is carried out, one golden camellia young tree is moved out every two plants, and simultaneously, a row of pachira macrocarpa is moved out to form a plant row space of 1.4m multiplied by 2.1 m.
And 7: management of transplanting gardens
And in 2 months of 6 years, clearing forest lands, tending and arranging plant bases, arranging the ground projected by the tree crowns into a tree tray with loose soil by taking the tree bases as centers, and enhancing fertilization management and pest control.
Example 2
The method for cultivating the golden camellia at the early stage in a high yield mode comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of forest land
A place with the elevation of 250m, convenient traffic, gentle topography, the soil layer depth of more than 1m, the gradient within 20 degrees, loose soil texture, good drainage and the soil pH value of 5.5 is selected as a forest land.
Step 2: seedling selection
Selecting normal Camellia chrysantha nutrition cup seedling which is grown for more than 1.5 years, strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, 70cm-80cm high in seedling and 0.9cm-1.0cm in ground diameter as Camellia chrysantha seedling.
And step 3: planting method
Before 12 months and before 1 year, the forest land of the step 1 is refined, and meanwhile, the forest land is planned. The forest land planning refers to planning a district, a swimming channel, a water pool, a spraying pipeline and the like in the forest land.
And then planting the pachira macrocarpa in the 3 rd and the 8 th months of the 2 nd year, and planting the camellia chrysantha seedlings selected in the step 2. Pachira macrocarpa belongs to positive tree species. The positive tree species refers to tree species which require sunlight for the growth of saplings and are fast in growth and can be stagnated in the early stage of the forest land. As the young period of the golden camellia belongs to a partial negative tree species, the planted forest land needs to firstly plant the positive tree species and then cultivate the golden camellia under the forest of the positive tree species, which is beneficial to the growth of the golden camellia.
The concrete method for planting the pachira macrocarpa comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of adopting nutrient cup seedlings of the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the height of the seedlings is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm, the row spacing of planting plants is 0.7m multiplied by 2.1m, the specification of planting pits is 35cm long multiplied by 35cm wide multiplied by 30cm deep, slightly removing the nutrient cups, placing the seedlings and nutrient soil in the centers of the planting pits, covering soil on the periphery and compacting, pouring enough root fixing water, after the pachira macrocarpa survives in last ten days of 4 months, broadcasting granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 1 time every 20 days, continuously applying the fertilizer 4 times, and applying 12g of fertilizer to each plant every time. N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent.
The specific method for planting the golden camellia comprises the following steps: planting 2 rows of golden camellia among the rows planted by the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants is 0.7m multiplied by 0.7m, the specification of a planting pit is 25cm long multiplied by 25cm wide multiplied by 20cm deep, slightly removing a nutrition cup, putting golden camellia seedlings and nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, covering soil on the periphery of the planting pit for compaction, pouring enough root fixing water, and then laying water conveying bags among the rows planted by the golden camellia.
And 4, step 4: forest land management
Step 4.1: tending and fertilizing
After the golden camellia seedlings are planted for 25 days, the plants start to grow, at the moment, the tending and fertilizing are carried out, the soil of a plant basal disc is loosened by 9cm, 0.5 percent by mass of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution is applied for 1 time every 20 days, and the continuous 3 times are carried out; in 12-month middle ten days of the year, loosening the soil, and simultaneously broadcasting 7g of the granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant each time. N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent. After the camellia chrysantha is planted and survived, soil loosening, weeding and fertilization need to be carried out in time, a good environment is provided for growth of the camellia chrysantha, meanwhile, a water-fertilizer drip irrigation measure is adopted, sufficient nutrient supply is provided, the planting survival rate of the camellia chrysantha is improved, and vigorous growth of the camellia chrysantha is promoted.
Loosening soil 9cm on a plant basal disc in the last 2 months of the 2 nd year, and applying 0.6 mass percent of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution for 1 time and 4 times continuously at intervals of 20 days; loosening soil and weeding once every 40 days from the last 7 th to the middle 12 th of the month in the same year, and simultaneously spreading 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant.
The tending method from the 3 rd year to the 4 th year is the same as that in the 2 nd year, the fertilizing amount increases along with the growth of the tree age, and 14g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each time.
Step 4.2: drought resistance
The drought resisting method is the same as the conventional drought resisting method of the golden camellia. Namely, water spraying is started immediately when drought occurs, the water spraying time avoids strong sun exposure, and the water spraying time is 17: 00-21: 00 is carried out.
Step 4.3: pruning
Shaping the crown 5 months after the golden camellia nursery stock is planted, and pruning bare branches, weak plants and insect-disease branches to ensure that the crown branches uniformly;
and 5: the pest control method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: brown spot: spraying 0.8 mass percent Bordeaux mixture before the young sprout in the last ten days of spring from 2 months to 4 months for prevention, enhancing drainage and fertilization, removing damaged leaves and burning;
step 5.2: sooty mould: adopting 1500-2000 times dimethoate for prevention and treatment in 9-11 months;
step 5.3: root rot: irrigating the rhizome with 50% of the fungus-removing agent by mass percent for prevention and treatment;
step 5.4: tea leaf mascara: spraying 15 OO-2000 times of long-acting phosphorus water-soluble liquid with the mass percent of 20%, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
step 5.5: stem borers: spraying a 500-fold liquid of 90 percent trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually killing the adults when the adults of the stem borer move 8 hours each day in the eclosion period;
step 5.6: tea wasp: 2.5 percent of dipterex powder by mass percentage is sprayed.
Step 6: transplanting
And 3, transplanting rows when the tree height of the golden camellia young trees is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m in 3 rd year, and removing one row of golden camellia young trees every two rows to form a row spacing of 0.7m multiplied by 1.4 m.
And in 3 months at 5 years, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60 percent, the height of the trees reaches more than 1.6m, the diameter of the crowns is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns are overlapped, inter-plant transplanting is carried out, one golden camellia young tree is moved out every two plants, and simultaneously, a row of pachira macrocarpa is moved out to form a plant row space of 1.4m multiplied by 2.1 m.
And 7: management of transplanting gardens
And in 2 months of 6 years, clearing forest lands, tending and arranging plant bases, arranging the ground projected by the tree crowns into a tree tray with loose soil by taking the tree bases as centers, and enhancing fertilization management and pest control.
Example 3
The method for cultivating the golden camellia at the early stage in a high yield mode comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of forest land
A place with the elevation of 300m, convenient traffic, gentle topography, the soil layer depth of more than 1m, the gradient within 20 degrees, loose soil texture, good drainage and the soil pH value of 6.0 is selected as the forest land.
Step 2: seedling selection
Selecting normal Camellia chrysantha nutrition cup seedling which is grown for more than 1.5 years, strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, 70cm-80cm high in seedling and 0.9cm-1.0cm in ground diameter as Camellia chrysantha seedling.
And step 3: planting method
Before 12 months and before 1 year, the forest land of the step 1 is refined, and meanwhile, the forest land is planned. The forest land planning refers to planning a district, a swimming channel, a water pool, a spraying pipeline and the like in the forest land.
And then planting the pachira macrocarpa in the 3 rd and the 8 th months of the 2 nd year, and planting the camellia chrysantha seedlings selected in the step 2. Pachira macrocarpa belongs to positive tree species. The positive tree species refers to tree species which require sunlight for the growth of saplings and are fast in growth and can be stagnated in the early stage of the forest land. As the young period of the golden camellia belongs to a partial negative tree species, the planted forest land needs to firstly plant the positive tree species and then cultivate the golden camellia under the forest of the positive tree species, which is beneficial to the growth of the golden camellia.
The concrete method for planting the pachira macrocarpa comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of adopting nutrient cup seedlings of the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the height of the seedlings is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm, the row spacing of planting plants is 0.7m multiplied by 2.1m, the specification of planting pits is 35cm long multiplied by 35cm wide multiplied by 30cm deep, slightly removing the nutrient cups, placing the seedlings and nutrient soil in the centers of the planting pits, covering soil on the periphery and compacting, pouring enough root fixing water, after the pachira macrocarpa survives in the last ten days of 4 months, broadcasting granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for 1 time every 18-22 days, continuously applying 10g-15g for each plant for 3-4 times. N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent.
The specific method for planting the golden camellia comprises the following steps: planting 2 rows of golden camellia among the rows planted by the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants is 0.7m multiplied by 0.7m, the specification of a planting pit is 25cm long multiplied by 25cm wide multiplied by 20cm deep, slightly removing a nutrition cup, putting golden camellia seedlings and nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, covering soil on the periphery of the planting pit for compaction, pouring enough root fixing water, and then laying water conveying bags among the rows planted by the golden camellia.
And 4, step 4: forest land management
Step 4.1: tending and fertilizing
After 30 days of planting golden camellia seedlings, the plants start to grow, at the moment, tending and fertilizing are carried out, the soil of a plant basal disc is loosened by 10cm, 0.5 percent by mass of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution is applied for 1 time every 22 days, and 3 times are carried out continuously; in 12-month middle ten days of the year, loosening the soil, and simultaneously broadcasting 8g of the granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant each time. N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent. After the camellia chrysantha is planted and survived, soil loosening, weeding and fertilization need to be carried out in time, a good environment is provided for growth of the camellia chrysantha, meanwhile, a water-fertilizer drip irrigation measure is adopted, sufficient nutrient supply is provided, the planting survival rate of the camellia chrysantha is improved, and vigorous growth of the camellia chrysantha is promoted.
Loosening 10cm of soil on a plant basal disc in the last 2 months of the 2 nd year, and applying 0.6 percent of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution for 1 time and 4 times continuously every 22 days; loosening soil and weeding once every 42 days from the last 7 th to the middle 12 th of the month in the same year, and simultaneously spreading 10g-12g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant.
The tending method from the 3 rd year to the 4 th year is the same as that in the 2 nd year, the fertilizing amount increases along with the growth of the tree age, and 15g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each time.
Step 4.2: drought resistance
The drought resisting method is the same as the conventional drought resisting method of the golden camellia. Namely, water spraying is started immediately when drought occurs, the water spraying time avoids strong sun exposure, and the water spraying time is 17: 00-21: 00 is carried out.
Step 4.3: pruning
Shaping the crown 5 months after the golden camellia nursery stock is planted, and pruning bare branches, weak plants and insect-disease branches to ensure that the crown branches uniformly;
and 5: the pest control method comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: brown spot: spraying 0.8 mass percent Bordeaux mixture before the young sprout in the last ten days of spring from 2 months to 4 months for prevention, enhancing drainage and fertilization, removing damaged leaves and burning;
step 5.2: sooty mould: spraying 1 degree lime sulfur mixture on the diseased plant in 9-11 months;
step 5.3: root rot: irrigating the rhizome with 50% carbendazim 600 times of liquid for prevention and treatment;
step 5.4: tea leaf mascara: spraying 1000-1500 times of liquid of phosphorus dibromide for 2-3 times;
step 5.5: stem borers: spraying a 500-fold liquid of 90 percent trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually killing the adults when the adults of the stem borer move 8 hours each day in the eclosion period;
step 5.6: tea wasp: spraying 2000 times of dipterex liquid with the mass percentage of 90%.
Step 6: transplanting
And 3, transplanting rows when the tree height of the golden camellia young trees is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m in 3 rd year, and removing one row of golden camellia young trees every two rows to form a row spacing of 0.7m multiplied by 1.4 m.
And in 3 months at 5 years, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60 percent, the height of the trees reaches more than 1.6m, the diameter of the crowns is 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns are overlapped, inter-plant transplanting is carried out, one golden camellia young tree is moved out every two plants, and simultaneously, a row of pachira macrocarpa is moved out to form a plant row space of 1.4m multiplied by 2.1 m.
And 7: management of transplanting gardens
And in 2 months of 6 years, clearing forest lands, tending and arranging plant bases, arranging the ground projected by the tree crowns into a tree tray with loose soil by taking the tree bases as centers, and enhancing fertilization management and pest control.
Examples of the experiments
By adopting the method of the embodiment 2, the inventor of the application establishes a golden camellia cultivation demonstration base with the floor area of 95 mu in 2013 in Shikangzhou, Hepu county, North sea, Guangxi. The average annual temperature of the demonstration base is 21-23 ℃, the average annual temperature of 1 month is 12.1-14.4 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is about 0 ℃, the average annual temperature of 7 months is 27-23 ℃, and the extreme highest temperature is 40 ℃. The annual precipitation is 1130-1700 mm, the dry and wet seasons are obvious, the dry seasons are half a year long, the air in forest regions is humid, and the annual average relative humidity is about 80%. Young trees need to grow under the condition of shading, grown trees grow better under sparse shading, and grown trees prefer to grow under the arbor forest shaded by valleys or under the environment with low illumination and grow badly on sunny hillsides. It is damp-heat resistant, and is contraindicated for dryness and direct exposure to burning sun.
Planting pachira macrocarpa in 3 months in 2013, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 0.7m multiplied by 2.1m, and planting 453 plants per mu;
in 8 months in 2013, 2 lines of golden camellia are planted among 2.1m lines of the pachira macrocarpa, the plant-line spacing of the golden camellia is 0.7m multiplied by 0.7m, actually, 8 lines of golden camellia are planted in 5 lines of pachira macrocarpa, the floor area for planting the golden camellia is 61% (8/5 +8), namely 1361 plants multiplied by 61% ═ 830 plants are planted per mu.
830 golden camellia plants are planted in 8-month acres in 2013, and 50% of golden camellia plants are transplanted for the first time (inter-row transplanting) in 3-month 2015, namely 415 golden camellia plants are reserved per acre; and performing secondary transplanting (inter-plant transplanting) 50% in 2017 in 3 months, namely, reserving 207 plants per mu. 39425 young trees (415 trees/mu x 95 mu) are transplanted for the first time, the yield value is 118.27 ten thousand yuan, and 19665 young trees (207 trees/mu x 95 mu) are transplanted for the second time, the yield value is 196.65 ten thousand yuan; 4275kg of fresh flower produced in 2017, 171.00 ten thousand yuan, 6175kg of fresh flower produced in 2018 and 247.00 ten thousand yuan. By adopting the method of the embodiment 2, the golden camellia is planted for 6 years, the total yield is 732.92 ten thousand yuan, and the average mu yield is 7.71 ten thousand yuan.
Meanwhile, a contrast test is set, and in 2006, 148 seedlings are planted per mu, and the occupied area is 30 mu. 1650kg (55 kg/mu) of fresh flowers are produced in 2015, the yield is 66.00 ten thousand yuan, and the average yield per mu is 2.20 ten thousand yuan.
Therefore, by adopting the method of the embodiment 2, the average acre yield value is 3.5 times that of the prior art, the economic benefit is obvious, and the problem of low yield and low efficiency that the seedling needs to be put into production for 8-10 years when the seedling is adopted for planting in the prior art is solved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. The early high-yield cultivation method of the golden camellia is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: selection of forest land
Selecting a place with an altitude of 200-300 m, convenient traffic, mild topography, soil layer depth of more than 1m, gradient within 20 degrees, loose soil texture, good drainage and soil pH value of 4.5-6.0 as a forest land;
step 2: seedling selection
Selecting normal camellia nitidissima nutrition cup seedlings which grow for more than 1.5 years, are strong and have no diseases or insect pests, have the seedling height of 70cm-80cm and the ground diameter of 0.9cm-1.0cm as camellia nitidissima seedlings;
and step 3: planting method
Before 12 months and before 1 year, refining the forest land in the step 1, planning the forest land, planting positive tree species in 3 months and then planting golden camellia seedlings selected in the step 2 in 8 months and then planting the golden camellia seedlings in 2 years; the positive tree species are pachira macrocarpa, and the specific method for planting pachira macrocarpa comprises the following steps: adopting nutrient cup seedlings of the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the height of the seedlings is 70cm-80cm, the diameter is 1.4cm-1.5cm, the row spacing of planting plants is 0.7m multiplied by 2.1m, the specification of planting pits is 35cm long multiplied by 35cm wide multiplied by 30cm deep, the nutrient cups are gently pulled out, the seedlings and nutrient soil are placed in the centers of the planting pits, the peripheries are covered with soil and compacted, sufficient root water is poured, after the pachira macrocarpa survives in the last ten days of 4 months, granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is broadcast and applied for 1 time every 18-22 days, the fertilizer is continuously applied for 3-4 times, and 10g-15g of fertilizer is applied to each plant every time; the specific method for planting the golden camellia comprises the following steps: planting 2 lines of golden camellia among the lines planted by the pachira macrocarpa, wherein the row spacing of the planted plants is 0.7m multiplied by 0.7m, the specification of a planting pit is 25cm long multiplied by 25cm wide multiplied by 20cm deep, slightly removing a nutrition cup, putting golden camellia seedlings and nutrient soil into the center of the planting pit, covering soil on the periphery of the planting pit for compaction, pouring enough root fixing water, and then laying water conveying bags among the lines planted by the golden camellia;
and 4, step 4: forest land management
Step 4.1: tending and fertilizing
After the golden camellia seedlings are planted for 20-30 days, the plants start to grow, at the moment, the tending and fertilizing are carried out, soil is loosened for 8-10 cm on a plant basal disc, 0.5 percent by mass of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution is applied for 1 time every 18-22 days, and 3 times are carried out continuously; loosening the soil in 12-month middle ten days of the same year, and simultaneously broadcasting 6-8 g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant each time;
loosening 8-10 cm of soil on a plant basal disc in the last 2 months of the 2 nd year, and applying 0.6 mass percent of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer aqueous solution for 1 time and 4 times continuously at intervals of 18-22 days; loosening soil and weeding once every 38-42 days from the last 7 th to the middle 12 th of the month in the same year, and simultaneously spreading 10-12 g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer for each plant;
the tending method from the 3 rd year to the 4 th year is the same as that in the 2 nd year, the fertilizing amount of the fertilizer is increased along with the growth of the tree age, and 12g-15g of granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each plant each time;
step 4.2: drought resistance;
step 4.3: pruning
Shaping the crown 5 months after the golden camellia nursery stock is planted, and pruning bare branches, weak plants and insect-disease branches to ensure that the crown branches uniformly;
and 5: pest control;
step 6: transplanting
In the 3 rd year, when the tree height of the golden camellia saplings is 1.3m-1.4m and the crown diameter is 0.7m-1.0m, performing inter-row transplanting, and moving out one row of golden camellia saplings every two rows;
in the 5 th year, when the flowering amount of the plants reaches more than 60%, the trees are as high as more than 1.6m, the crown diameters are 1.3m-1.5m, and the crowns are overlapped, inter-plant transplanting is carried out, one golden camellia young tree is moved out every two plants, and simultaneously, a row of pachira macrocarpa is moved out;
and 7: management of transplanting gardens
And in 2 months of 6 years, clearing forest lands, tending and arranging plant bases, arranging the ground projected by the tree crowns into a tree tray with loose soil by taking the tree bases as centers, and enhancing fertilization management and pest control.
2. The method for cultivating camellia nitidissima at an early high yield according to claim 1, wherein N, P in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15 percent.
3. The early stage high yield cultivation method of golden camellia according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the specific method for pest control comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: brown spot: spraying 0.8 mass percent Bordeaux mixture before the young sprout in the last ten days of spring from 2 months to 4 months for prevention, enhancing drainage and fertilization, removing damaged leaves and burning;
step 5.2: sooty mould: spraying 1-degree lime sulfur mixture on the plant or using 1500-2000 times dimethoate for preventing and treating the plant in 9-11 months;
step 5.3: root rot: removing serious plants, covering with slaked lime mixed with soil, or irrigating with 50% of sterile, or 50% of carbendazim 600 times of liquid for preventing and treating;
step 5.4: tea leaf mascara: spraying 2000-3000 times of strong water-soluble liquid with the mass percent of 20%, or spraying 1500-2000 times of long-acting phosphorus water-soluble liquid with the mass percent of 20%, or spraying 1000-1500 times of dibromophosphate, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times;
step 5.5: stem borers: spraying a 500-fold liquid of 90 percent trichlorfon in the larval stage of the stem borer, and manually killing the adults when the adults of the stem borer move 8 hours each day in the eclosion period;
step 5.6: tea wasp: 2.5 percent of dipterex powder or 90 percent of dipterex 2000 times liquid by mass percent is sprayed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910349836.5A CN110012771B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910349836.5A CN110012771B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110012771A CN110012771A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
| CN110012771B true CN110012771B (en) | 2021-01-22 |
Family
ID=67192675
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910349836.5A Active CN110012771B (en) | 2019-04-28 | 2019-04-28 | Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110012771B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112470811A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for cultivating golden camellia under forest |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103283455A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-11 | 句容市白兔镇茂森农产品专业合作社 | White tea planting method |
| CN104221673B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-01-20 | 广西师范大学 | The cultivation method of Camellia nitidissima under a kind of Eucalyptus Stand |
| CN105494003B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-01-09 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method |
| CN108040722A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 柳州市象行教育科技有限责任公司 | A kind of disease-resistant implantation methods of Camellia nitidissima |
| CN107912217A (en) * | 2017-12-16 | 2018-04-17 | 柳州市合联农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Camellia nitidissima |
-
2019
- 2019-04-28 CN CN201910349836.5A patent/CN110012771B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110012771A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110150014B (en) | Industrialized planting method of Or | |
| CN107223523B (en) | Ecological niche complementation-based method for interplanting traditional Chinese medicinal materials of magnolia officinalis and polygonatum kingianum | |
| CN107251792A (en) | A kind of Chinese chestnut good quality and high output implantation methods | |
| CN106797864A (en) | The cultural method that a kind of southerm yew different growing stages are interplanted with corresponding crop | |
| CN105010068A (en) | Method for cultivating rapid growing and high-yield fruit trees | |
| CN105850417A (en) | Fructus amomi plant and blood orange tree mixed planting method | |
| CN113273422A (en) | Olive planting method | |
| CN108184532A (en) | A kind of cultivation management method of large cherry | |
| CN106212017B (en) | Planting method of imitated wild peucedanum praeruptorum | |
| CN110012771B (en) | Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia | |
| CN109328894B (en) | Space layout and cultivation method of forage grass for sheep | |
| CN110140584A (en) | A kind of method for building up of apocarya fruit and timber forest | |
| CN113647299B (en) | Polygonatum kingianum planting method in under-forest herb co-cultivation mode | |
| CN109168922A (en) | A kind of intercropping method of American red-maple and tea | |
| CN114747416A (en) | Cultivation method for improving olive oil quality in summer rain type climate | |
| CN110169294B (en) | Fig planting method adapting to ecological environment in south China | |
| CN112166993A (en) | Method for cultivating hosta plantaginea under solar photovoltaic panel | |
| CN111328621A (en) | Planting method for interplanting oriental cherry with paeonia rockii for oil | |
| CN105766546A (en) | High-yield tea-oil tree forestation method in purple rock area | |
| CN108934684A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of high yield camellia oleifera lam | |
| CN111194601A (en) | High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
| CN110612791A (en) | Resistant afforestation soil preparation method | |
| CN115486312B (en) | Two-stage seedling raising method for apocarya grafted seedlings in nutrition pot | |
| CN117204297B (en) | Cultivation and management method for rhododendron molle and rhododendron molle | |
| CN110710388B (en) | Efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |