CN110169294B - Fig planting method adapting to ecological environment in south China - Google Patents
Fig planting method adapting to ecological environment in south China Download PDFInfo
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- CN110169294B CN110169294B CN201910117192.7A CN201910117192A CN110169294B CN 110169294 B CN110169294 B CN 110169294B CN 201910117192 A CN201910117192 A CN 201910117192A CN 110169294 B CN110169294 B CN 110169294B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fig planting method suitable for south China, which comprises the steps of applying 200-300 kg of chicken manure per mu before field planting, mixing the chicken manure with soil, and ridging; planting 300-700 plants in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the row spacing is 2-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-1.0 m; keeping the soil moist after planting; spraying fertilizer water 20-30 days after planting. According to the characteristics of sufficient photo-thermal conditions, high temperature and high humidity, easiness in occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and the like in the south China, the fig planting method suitable for the ecological environment of the south China is provided, and fig high-density cultivation is carried out through technical measures such as orchard construction, shaping and pruning, fertilizer and water management, plant disease and insect pest control and the like, so that the yield is improved, and the quality is improved; the method is simple to operate, saves labor and time, obtains good economic benefits when being tested in a plurality of fig plantation, and is worthy of large-area popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a fig planting method suitable for the ecological environment in south China.
Background
Ficus carica (A.B.)Ficus caricaL. belong to MoraceaeMoraceae) Ficus genus (A)Ficus) Subtropical deciduous shrubs or small trees are native to the coast of the mediterranean sea, are one of the earliest fruit tree species domesticated and cultivated by human beings, and have the planting history of nearly 5000 years. Because the fig has few plant diseases and insect pests, the pollution-free green production is easy to realize, the fruit tastes sweet, has very high nutritive value and medicinal value, and is known as 'anticancer fighter' and 'guard for human health in the 21 st century'. In recent years, with the increasing of the cognitive degree of fig, the share of the fresh food market is gradually increased.
At present, fig planting in China is concentrated in Xinjiang, Shandong, Sichuan and the like, but the growth cycle of fig is severely restricted in northern areas due to the temperature, so that the time of marketing of fig is short. To solve this problem, planting has recently started in south China. However, there are problems in mass production that (1) extensive management results in poor fruit quality and low yield; (2) the tree shape is disordered, and the pruning and picking are time-consuming and labor-consuming; (3) poor nutrient management of the tree body and uneven fruit quality.
The common fig planting mode is low in planting density, good in fig quality, large in single fruit weight, high in soluble solid content and low in yield. By adopting a close planting mode, the disease control is not good, the morbidity of the figs is high and can reach 35%, and the fruit quality is seriously influenced. Improper pruning mode, vain growth of figs, airtight tree body, low yield, poor fruit quality and more diseases. The fig has long bearing period and large fertilizer and water demand, and if the fertilizer and water are not managed properly, the fruit quality is poor, the fruit is small, the yield is low, and the picking period is short. The problems seriously restrict the large-scale planting of the figs in south China.
In order to solve the problems, a high-density, high-yield and high-quality fig planting method suitable for the ecological environment of south China is urgently needed at present, so that the economic benefit of fig planting is obviously improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the fig planting method suitable for the ecological environment in south China.
The invention aims to provide a fig planting method suitable for the ecological environment in south China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fig planting method suitable for south China, before field planting, applying 200-300 kg of chicken manure per mu, mixing with soil, and ridging; planting 300-700 plants in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the row spacing is 2-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-1.0 m; keeping the soil moist after planting; spraying fertilizer water 20-30 days after planting; the specific fertilizer water spraying mode is as follows:
in the middle of 4 to 5 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n180-250 g/L, P2O5 120～160g/L，K2120-180 g/L of O, 1-3 g/L of B, 0.5-2 g/L of Zn and 10-20 g/L of organic matter, and spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 7-10 days;
from middle and last of month 5 to middle and last of month 7, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n100-160 g/L, P2O5 130～180g/L，K2O160～220g/L，B 2～5g/L1-3 g/L Zn, 2-5 g/L Ca, 0.5-2 g/L Mg and 60g/L organic matter; spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 4-5 days.
From late 7 to late 8 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n160-220 g/L, P2O5 130～160g/L，K2O160-220 g/L, and organic matter 30-50 g/L; spraying water for 1 time every 1-2 days in dry weather, or spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 5-6 days;
from the last ten months to the middle and last 12 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n80-100 g/L, P2O5 130～180g/L，K2160-220 g/L of O, 2-5 g/L of Ca, 1-3 g/L of B, 1-3 g/L of Zn, 0.5-2 g/L of Mg0.40 g/L of organic matter; spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 6-8 days,
wherein, the fertilizer water or water is sprayed by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and the drip irrigation quantity is 500-2000L/mu each time.
In the middle ten days from 4 months to 5 months, the seedlings are mainly drenched with fertilizer and strong; from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the middle and last ten days of 7 months, at the time of the peak period of fruit ripening, the fruit fertilizer is mainly applied in a leaching way; from late 7 to late 8, the fruit is less mature and mainly rich and strong trees are drenched; the fruit fertilizer is mainly applied in the middle and last 12 months from the last 9 months.
Preferably, the fertilizer water is sprayed by using a drip irrigation tape for 30-60 minutes each time, and the water yield of each water dropper is 1-3L each time.
Preferably, the specification of the drip irrigation tape is 12-20 mm in inner diameter, 20-50 mm in dripper distance and 2-3L/h in dripper flow, and the drip irrigation tape is arranged along ridges.
More preferably, the specification of the drip irrigation tape is that the inner diameter is 16 mm, the distance between drippers is 300 mm, the flow rate of the drippers is 2L/h, and the drip irrigation quantity per time is 1000L/mu.
Preferably, the ridge surface is 0.4-0.6 m high, and planting rows with high sides and low middle parts are formed.
Most preferably, the ridge surface is 0.5m high.
Preferably, 500 plants are planted per mu, the row spacing is 2.5m, and the plant spacing is 0.5 m.
Preferably, after planting, the ground cloth is covered among the rows.
Preferably, the seedlings of the nutrition pot are selected for planting.
Preferably, strong, solid tissue and high lignification degree seedlings are selected for field planting.
Preferably, the soil is kept moist by water spraying 3-5 days after planting, and root rot is avoided.
Most preferably, the water is drenched once 4d after the planting.
Preferably, when the weather is dry, the water is sprayed for 1 time every 1-2 days.
Preferably, the specific way of spraying the fertilizer water is as follows:
preferably, in the middle of 4 to 5 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is: n220 g/L, P2O5 140 g/L，K2Spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 8d days, wherein the weight percentage of the fertilizer water is O160 g/L, the weight percentage of the fertilizer water is B2 g/L, the weight percentage of the fertilizer water is Zn1 g/L, and the weight percentage of the organic matter is 30 g/L;
from middle and last of month 5 to middle and last of month 7, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n140 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L，K2180g/L of O, 2g/L of B, 1 g/L of Zn, 2g/L of Ca, 1 g/L of Mg and 60g/L of organic matter; spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 4 days;
from late 7 to late 8 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n200 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L，K2O180g/L and organic matter 30 g/L; spraying water for 1 time every 1-2 days in dry weather, or spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 5 days;
from the last ten months to the middle and last 12 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n120 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L，K2180g/L of O, 2g/L of Ca, 2g/L of B, 1 g/L of Zn, 1 g/L of Mg and 70 g/L of organic matter; spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 8 days.
Preferably, after planting, topping when the young shoots grow to 5-15 cm; after the new buds germinate, 4-5 strong buds are reserved, bearing branches in the current year develop, and the rest are removed; then, pruning annual branches in spring every year, and reserving 2-3 buds at the base part to form short branches; the short branches after pruning in spring can sprout 1-2 buds, 4-5 buds with good orientation and strong growth potential are reserved for each tree, the bearing branches grow into bearing branches in the current year, and the rest buds are all wiped off.
Preferably, the spring pruning time is within 20 days before and after the spring festival.
Preferably, the young shoots are topped when they grow to about 10 cm.
Preferably, the bearing branches are fixed, and the distance between the bearing branches is 20-30 cm.
More preferably, the fruiting branches are fixed so that the spacing between the fruiting branches is 20 cm.
More preferably, the fruiting branches are fixed on a film supporting line by plastic-coated galvanized binding wires with the length of 15cm, and the distance between the fruiting branches is 20-30 cm.
Preferably, after pruning in spring, uncovering the ground fabric, applying 150-250 kg of chicken manure between rows per mu, fully and uniformly mixing the chicken manure with soil, and backfilling the soil to form planting rows.
Preferably, the pest control mode is as follows: spraying 200-2000 times of mancozeb liquid before field planting of the nursery stock; spraying 500-3000 times of lime sulfur mixture crystal on the trees and the soil surface after pruning in spring; and after the branches germinate in spring, spraying the bactericide every 15-20 days in the whole garden.
Preferably, after the branches germinate in spring, the bactericide is sprayed every 15 days in the whole garden.
Preferably, 1000 times of mancozeb liquid is sprayed before the nursery stock is planted.
Preferably, 500 times of lime sulphur crystal is sprayed on the trees and the soil surface after the trees are pruned in spring.
Preferably, if the insect pest is serious from late 7 months to late 8 months, the bactericide is sprayed once every 10-15 days instead of spraying once.
Most preferably, if the insect pest is serious from late 7 to late 8 months, the bactericide is sprayed once every 10 days instead.
Preferably, spraying of the bactericide is stopped 20 days before the fig is harvested.
Preferably, the biocide includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: 150-500 times of Bordeaux mixture, 1000-2500 times of Baitai mixture and 1000-2500 times of Amimiao mixture.
More preferably, the biocide includes, but is not limited to, one of the following: boldo liquid 200 times, Baitai 1500 times and Amimiao 60 times.
Most preferably, boldo liquid 200 times, Baitai 1500 times and Amimiao 1500 times are used alternately.
The Baitai is prepared by mixing 5% of pyraclostrobin and 55% of metiram.
The amikacin is prepared by mixing 20 percent of azoxystrobin and 12.5 percent of difenoconazole.
Preferably, the entire garden is covered with bird nets during fruit ripening to effectively prevent birds from harming the fruits during their ripening.
Preferably, the bird net mesh is 2.5 cm.
Preferably, the bird prevention net is a PE bird prevention net.
Preferably, in the garden building process, 200-300 kg of chicken manure is applied to each mu of land and mixed with soil, ridging is carried out, the height of the ridge surface is 0.4-0.6 m, and planting rows with high sides and low middle parts are formed.
Preferably, the chicken manure is mixed with the soil by a rotary cultivator
Preferably, the land with better sunshine condition, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage is selected to build the garden.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the characteristics of sufficient photo-thermal conditions, high temperature and high humidity, easiness in occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and the like in the south China, the fig planting method suitable for the ecological environment of the south China is provided, the fig is cultivated at high density through technical measures such as orchard construction, shaping and trimming, fertilizer and water management, plant disease and insect pest control and the like, the yield is improved, the quality is improved, the annual acre yield, the proportion of soluble solid matters and the average single fruit weight are obviously improved, the disease and fruit rate is obviously reduced, the fruit ripening is early, the picking period is obviously prolonged, and the income of farmers can be obviously increased; the method is simple to operate, saves labor and time, obtains good economic benefits when being tested in a plurality of fig plantation, and is worthy of large-area popularization and application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail in the following description and specific examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Embodiment 1 fig planting method adapted to ecological environment of south China
Building garden
Selecting a land block with better sunshine condition, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden. Ridging, wherein the height of the ridge surface is 0.5m, planting rows with high sides and low middle are formed, and the row spacing is 2.5 m.
And (3) facility construction: two ends of each row are respectively provided with a cement column with the specification of 2.4 m multiplied by 0.1 m 1.8.8 1.8 m. Inserting three angle irons with the side width of 3.0 cm and the side thickness of 0.4 cm into the positions 0.7 m, 1.2 m and 1.7 m above the ground respectively, requiring that the two ends are equal in length, and pulling 1 film supporting line respectively on the two sides of each angle iron. X 0.1 m, underground planting the column for 0.6 m, and leaving the overground part
Drip irrigation facilities are installed, a region which is generally selected in the middle of a land and is higher than the fertilizer water pool is positioned, and a water pipeline can be divided into a main pipe, a branch pipe and a drip belt; PVC pipes can be selected for the main pipe and the branch pipes, the drip tape adopts a PE embedded patch type, the specification is 16 mm of inner diameter, the distance between the drippers is 300 mm, the flow rate of the drippers is 2L/h, and the drip tape is arranged according to ridges.
Secondly, planting
Planting in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the planting distance is 0.5m, and 500 plants are planted per mu; after planting, ground cloth is covered between the rows. The seedlings in the nutrition pot are selected for planting, and the seedlings are required to be robust, the tissues are full, and the lignification degree is high. After the nutrition pot is removed, the fig seedlings with the seedling raising soil are placed in the center of the hole, the surface soil is straightened and backfilled to the root neck, and sufficient water is filled after treading tightly and compacting. After the seedlings are planted, the soil is kept moist, and watering is not suitable for work so as to avoid root rot.
Fertilizer and water management
When a garden is built, 250kg of chicken manure is applied to each mu before field planting, mixed with soil and ridged.
After the seedlings are planted, keeping the soil moist, and spraying water once after 4 days. And (5) spraying fertilizer water 25d after planting and after the nursery stock survives: in the middle ten days of 4 to 5 months, the fertilizer is mainly sprayed to strengthen the seedlings, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n220 g/L, P2O5 140 g/L，K2Spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 8d days, wherein the weight percentage of the fertilizer water is O160 g/L, the weight percentage of the fertilizer water is B2 g/L, the weight percentage of the fertilizer water is Zn1 g/L, and the weight percentage of the organic matter is 30 g/L; middle and late ten days of month 5 to middle and 7 monthsIn late ten days, at the peak of mature fruit, the fruit strengthening fertilizer is mainly applied in a spraying way, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n140 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L，K2Spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 4 days, wherein the concentration of O is 180g/L, the concentration of B is 2g/L, the concentration of Zn is 1 g/L, the concentration of Ca is 2g/L, the concentration of Mg is 1 g/L and the concentration of organic matters is 60 g/L; from late 7 to late 8, the fruits are less mature, mainly the trees are rich and strong, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n200 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L，K2Spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 5 days, wherein the O content is 180g/L and the organic matter content is 30 g/L; when the weather is dry, sprinkling water for 1 time every 1-2 days; from the last ten months to the middle and last 12 months, the fruit strengthening fertilizer is mainly applied in a spraying manner, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n120 g/L, P2O5 150 g/L，K2180g/L of O, 2g/L of Ca, 2g/L of B, 1 g/L of Zn, 1 g/L of Mg and 70 g/L of organic matter, and the fertilizer water is sprayed for 1 time every 8 days. The fertilizer water or water is sprayed in a drip irrigation mode, and the drip irrigation quantity is 1000L/mu each time. The spraying is carried out for 30-60 minutes each time, and the water yield of each water dropper is 2L each time.
After pruning in spring, uncovering ground cloth, applying 250kg of chicken manure between the rows, fully and uniformly mixing the manure and the soil by adopting a rotary cultivator, and then backfilling the soil to form planting rows.
Fourthly, pruning
Trimming in the current year after planting: topping when young shoots grow to about 10cm, reserving 4-5 strong buds as bearing branches in the current year after the young shoots germinate, and completely removing the rest buds; pruning annual branches before and after the spring festival of the 2 nd year (re-shrinking pruning), and reserving 2-3 buds at the base part; 1-2 buds can sprout from the short branch after pruning in spring, 4-5 buds with better orientation and stronger growth potential are reserved for each tree and are used as bearing branches in the current year, and the rest buds are completely removed; fixing the bearing branches on a film supporting line by plastic-coated galvanized binding wires with the length of 15cm along with the continuous growth of the bearing branches, wherein the distance between the branches is 20 cm; later annual pruning is performed according to the year 2 model.
Fifth, pest control
Spraying 1000 times of mancozeb liquid before planting the nursery stock; after pruning in spring, making a garden cleaning work, removing branches and leaves, and spraying 500 times of lime sulphur crystal on the trees and the soil surface; after the branches sprout in spring, spraying a bactericide in the whole garden, wherein 200 times of Bordeaux solution, 1500 times of Baitai (5% pyraclostrobin and 55% metiram are mixed) solution and 1500 times of Amimizami (20% azoxystrobin and 12.5% difenoconazole are mixed) solution can be alternately used; spraying every 15 days, and stopping application of the pesticide 20 days before fruit harvest. If the insect pest is serious in summer and the insect pest is serious from late 7 to late 8 months, spraying the bactericide once every 10 days, and forbidding fruit picking within 20 days after spraying.
The fruit can be easily pecked by birds during the ripening period of the fruit, and a PE bird-proof net with a mesh of 2.5 cm can be covered on the whole circle, so that the damage of the birds to the fruit can be effectively prevented.
Embodiment 2 fig planting method adaptive to ecological environment in south China
Building garden
Selecting a land block with better sunshine condition, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden. Ridging, wherein the height of the ridge surface is 0.6 m, planting rows with high sides and low middle are formed, and the row spacing is 2 m.
And (3) facility construction: two ends of each row are respectively provided with a cement column with the specification of 2.4 m multiplied by 0.1 m 1.8.8 1.8 m. Inserting three angle irons with the side width of 3.0 cm and the side thickness of 0.4 cm into the positions 0.7 m, 1.2 m and 1.7 m above the ground respectively, requiring that the two ends are equal in length, and pulling 1 film supporting line respectively on the two sides of each angle iron. X 0.1 m, underground planting the column for 0.6 m, and leaving the overground part
Drip irrigation facilities are installed, a region which is generally selected in the middle of a land and is higher than the fertilizer water pool is positioned, and a water pipeline can be divided into a main pipe, a branch pipe and a drip belt; PVC pipes can be selected for the main pipe and the branch pipes, the drip tape adopts a PE embedded patch type, the specification is 16 mm of inner diameter, the distance between the drippers is 500 mm, the flow rate of the drippers is 2L/h, and the drip tape is arranged according to ridges.
Secondly, planting
Planting in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the plant spacing is 1.0m, and 300 plants are planted per mu; after planting, ground cloth is covered between the rows. The seedlings in the nutrition pot are selected for planting, and the seedlings are required to be robust, the tissues are full, and the lignification degree is high. After the nutrition pot is removed, the fig seedlings with the seedling raising soil are placed in the center of the hole, the surface soil is straightened and backfilled to the root neck, and sufficient water is filled after treading tightly and compacting. After the seedlings are planted, the soil is kept moist, and watering is not suitable for work so as to avoid root rot.
Fertilizer and water management
When a garden is built, 200kg of chicken manure is applied to each mu before field planting, mixed with soil and ridged.
After the seedlings are planted, keeping the soil moist, and spraying water once after 5 days. 30d after field planting, spraying fertilizer water after the nursery stock survives: in the middle ten days of 4 to 5 months, the fertilizer is mainly sprayed to strengthen the seedlings, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n180 g/L, P2O5 120g/L，K2O120g/L, B1 g/L, Zn0.5 g/L and organic matter 10 g/L, and spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 7d days; from the middle and last ten months of 5 months to the middle and last ten days of 7 months, at the peak period of fruit ripening, fruit strengthening fertilizers are mainly applied in a leaching way, and the concentration of the fertilizers is as follows: n100 g/L, P2O5 130g/L，K2O160 g/L, B2 g/L, Zn1 g/L, Ca 2g/L, Mg0.5 g/L, organic matter 60g/L, drenching fertilizer water for 1 time every 5 days; from late 7 to late 8, the fruits are less mature, mainly the trees are rich and strong, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n140 g/L, P2O5 130 g/L，K2O160 g/L and organic matter 30 g/L, and spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 5 days; when the weather is dry, sprinkling water for 1 time every 1-2 days; from the last ten months to the middle and last 12 months, the fruit strengthening fertilizer is mainly applied in a spraying manner, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n80 g/L, P2O5 130g/L，K2O160 g/L, Ca 2g/L, B1 g/L, Zn1 g/L, Mg0.5 g/L and organic matter 20 g/L; spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 8 days. The fertilizer water or water is sprayed in a drip irrigation mode, and the drip irrigation quantity is 600L/mu each time. The spraying is carried out for 30-60 minutes each time, and the water yield of each water dropper is 2L each time.
After pruning in spring, uncovering the ground fabric, applying 200kg of chicken manure between the rows, fully and uniformly mixing the manure and the soil by adopting a rotary cultivator, and then backfilling the soil to form the planting rows.
Fourthly, pruning
Trimming in the current year after planting: topping when the young shoots grow to about 15cm, reserving 4-5 strong buds as bearing branches in the current year after the young buds germinate, and completely removing the rest buds; pruning annual branches before and after the spring festival of the 2 nd year (re-shrinking pruning), and reserving 2-3 buds at the base part; 1-2 buds can sprout from the short branch after pruning in spring, 4-5 buds with better orientation and stronger growth potential are reserved for each tree and are used as bearing branches in the current year, and the rest buds are completely removed; fixing the bearing branches on a film supporting line by using plastic-coated galvanized binding wires with the length of 15cm along with the continuous growth of the bearing branches, wherein the distance between the branches is 30 cm; later annual pruning is performed according to the year 2 model.
Fifth, pest control
Spraying 2000 times of mancozeb liquid before planting the nursery stock; after pruning in spring, making a garden cleaning work, removing branches and leaves, and spraying 2000 times of lime sulphur crystal on trees and soil surfaces; after the branches sprout in spring, spraying a bactericide in the whole garden, wherein 200 times of Bordeaux solution, 1500 times of Baitai (5% pyraclostrobin and 55% metiram are mixed) solution and 1500 times of Amimizami (20% azoxystrobin and 12.5% difenoconazole are mixed) solution can be alternately used; spraying every 20 days, and stopping applying the medicine 20 days before harvesting the fruits. If the insect pest is serious in summer and the insect pest is serious from late 7 to late 8 months, spraying the bactericide once every 10 days, and forbidding fruit picking within 20 days after spraying.
The fruit can be easily pecked by birds during the ripening period of the fruit, and a PE bird-proof net with a mesh of 2.5 cm can be covered on the whole circle, so that the damage of the birds to the fruit can be effectively prevented.
Embodiment 3 fig planting method adapted to ecological environment of south China
Building garden
Selecting a land block with better sunshine condition, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage to build a garden. Ridging, wherein the height of the ridge surface is 0.4m, planting rows with high sides and low middle are formed, and the row spacing is 2.5 m.
And (3) facility construction: two ends of each row are respectively provided with a cement column with the specification of 2.4 m multiplied by 0.1 m 1.8.8 1.8 m. Inserting three angle irons with the side width of 3.0 cm and the side thickness of 0.4 cm into the positions 0.7 m, 1.2 m and 1.7 m above the ground respectively, requiring that the two ends are equal in length, and pulling 1 film supporting line respectively on the two sides of each angle iron. X 0.1 m, underground planting the column for 0.6 m, and leaving the overground part
Drip irrigation facilities are installed, a region which is generally selected in the middle of a land and is higher than the fertilizer water pool is positioned, and a water pipeline can be divided into a main pipe, a branch pipe and a drip belt; PVC pipes can be selected for the main pipe and the branch pipes, the drip tape adopts a PE embedded patch type, the specification is 16 mm of inner diameter, the distance between the drippers is 200 mm, the flow rate of the drippers is 3L/h, and the drip tape is arranged according to ridges.
Secondly, planting
Planting in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the plant spacing is 0.3m, and planting 700 plants per mu; after planting, ground cloth is covered between the rows. The seedlings in the nutrition pot are selected for planting, and the seedlings are required to be robust, the tissues are full, and the lignification degree is high. After the nutrition pot is removed, the fig seedlings with the seedling raising soil are placed in the center of the hole, the surface soil is straightened and backfilled to the root neck, and sufficient water is filled after treading tightly and compacting. After the seedlings are planted, the soil is kept moist, and watering is not suitable for work so as to avoid root rot.
Fertilizer and water management
During garden building and before field planting, 300kg of chicken manure is applied to each mu of land and mixed with soil, and ridging is carried out.
After the seedlings are planted, keeping the soil moist, and spraying water once after 3 d. 20d after field planting, spraying fertilizer water after the nursery stock survives: in the middle ten days of 4 to 5 months, the fertilizer is mainly sprayed to strengthen the seedlings, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n250 g/L, P2O5 160g/L，K2O180g/L, B3 g/L, Zn 2g/L and organic matter 20g/L, and fertilizer water is sprayed for 1 time every 10 days; from the middle and last ten months of 5 months to the middle and last ten days of 7 months, at the peak period of fruit ripening, fruit strengthening fertilizers are mainly applied in a leaching way, and the concentration of the fertilizers is as follows: n160 g/L, P2O5 180g/L，K2Spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 4 days, wherein the weight percentages of O220 g/L, B5 g/L, Zn 3g/L, Ca 5g/L, Mg 2g/L and organic matters are 60 g/L; from late 7 to late 8, the fruits are less mature, mainly the trees are rich and strong, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n220 g/L, P2O5 160 g/L，K2Spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 6 days, wherein the concentration of O is 220g/L and the concentration of organic matters is 50 g/L; when the weather is dry, sprinkling water for 1 time every 1-2 days; from the last ten months to the middle and last 12 months, the fruit strengthening fertilizer is mainly applied in a spraying manner, and the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n140 g/L, P2O5 180g/L，K2Spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 6 days, wherein the fertilizer water comprises O220 g/L, Ca 5g/L, B3 g/L, Zn 3g/L, Mg 2g/L and organic matters 40 g/L. The fertilizer water or water is sprayed in a drip irrigation mode, and the drip irrigation quantity is 1500L/mu each time. The spraying is carried out for 30-60 minutes each time, and the water yield of each water dropper is 2L each time.
After pruning in spring, the ground fabric is uncovered, 150kg of chicken manure is applied between the rows, the manure and the soil are fully and uniformly mixed by adopting a rotary cultivator, and then the soil is backfilled to form the planting rows.
Fourthly, pruning
Trimming in the current year after planting: topping when young shoots grow to about 10cm, reserving 4-5 strong buds as bearing branches in the current year after the young shoots germinate, and completely removing the rest buds; pruning annual branches before and after the spring festival of the 2 nd year (re-shrinking pruning), and reserving 2-3 buds at the base part; 1-2 buds can sprout from the short branch after pruning in spring, 4-5 buds with better orientation and stronger growth potential are reserved for each tree and are used as bearing branches in the current year, and the rest buds are completely removed; fixing the bearing branches on a film supporting line by plastic-coated galvanized binding wires with the length of 15cm along with the continuous growth of the bearing branches, wherein the distance between the branches is 20 cm; later annual pruning is performed according to the year 2 model.
Fifth, pest control
Spraying 200 times of mancozeb liquid before planting the nursery stock; after pruning in spring, cleaning the garden, removing branches and leaves, and spraying 3000 times of lime sulphur crystal on the trees and the soil surface; after the branches sprout in spring, spraying a bactericide in the whole garden, wherein 200 times of Bordeaux solution, 1500 times of Baitai (5% pyraclostrobin and 55% metiram are mixed) solution and 1500 times of Amimizami (20% azoxystrobin and 12.5% difenoconazole are mixed) solution can be alternately used; spraying every 15 days, and stopping application of the pesticide 20 days before fruit harvest. If the insect pest is serious in summer and the insect pest is serious from late 7 to late 8 months, spraying the bactericide once every 15 days, and forbidding fruit picking within 20 days after spraying.
The fruit can be easily pecked by birds during the ripening period of the fruit, and a PE bird-proof net with a mesh of 2.5 cm can be covered on the whole circle, so that the damage of the birds to the fruit can be effectively prevented.
Comparative example 1 fig planting method
The planting was carried out at a row spacing of 3m and a plant spacing of 2m, the rest being the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2 fig planting method
Shaping and trimming: when pruning before and after the spring festival, the current year shoots were cut short by 20cm, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3 fig planting method
Shaping and trimming: after the young shoots were germinated in spring, they were allowed to grow naturally without thinning, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4 fig planting method
And (3) pest control: after pruning in winter and germination in spring, the bactericide is not sprayed to prevent diseases, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
Control example 5 fig planting method
And (3) fertilizer and water management: before planting and after spring trimming, the procedure of example 1 was repeated except that no chicken manure was applied.
Comparative example 6 fig planting method
And (3) fertilizer and water management: the rest is the same as in example 1, as follows:
and 4 months to 12 months, the fertilizer is applied at the concentration of: n220 g/L, P2O5 140 g/L，K2O160 g/L, B2 g/L, Zn1 g/L and organic matter 30 g/L;
comparative example 7 fig planting method
And (3) fertilizer and water management: the rest is the same as in example 1, as follows:
and 4 months to 12 months, only spraying water, and applying no water fertilizer.
Application example
The growth conditions, pest development conditions, and annual acre yields of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
table 1:
the results show that the technical scheme of the embodiments 1 to 3 obviously improves the annual acre yield, the proportion of soluble solid matters and the average single fruit weight, obviously reduces the rate of diseased fruits, ensures early fruit ripening and obviously prolongs the picking period, and can obviously increase the income of farmers.
Claims (6)
1. A fig planting method suitable for south China, which is characterized in that,
before field planting, applying 200-300 kg of chicken manure per mu, mixing the chicken manure with soil, and ridging;
planting 300-700 plants in the middle ten days of 3 months, wherein the row spacing is 2-2.5 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-1.0 m; keeping the soil moist after planting; spraying fertilizer water 20-30 days after planting;
the specific fertilizer water spraying mode is as follows:
in the middle of 4 to 5 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n180-250 g/L, P2O5120～160g/L，K2120-180 g/L of O, 1-3 g/L of B, 0.5-2 g/L of Znl and 10-20 g/L of organic matter, and spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 7-10 days;
from middle and last of month 5 to middle and last of month 7, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n100-160 g/L, P2O5130～180g/L，K2160-220 g/L of O, 2-5 g/L of B, 1-3 g/L of Zn, 2-5 g/L of Ca, 0.5-2 g/L of Mg0.5-2 g/L of organic matter 60 g/L; spraying the fertilizer water for 1 time every 4-5 days;
from late 7 to late 8 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n160-220 g/L, P2O5130～160g/L，K2O160-220 g/L, and organic matter 30-50 g/L; spraying water for 1 time every 1-2 days in dry weather, or spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 5-6 days;
from the last ten months to the middle and last 12 months, the concentration of the fertilizer is as follows: n80-100 g/L, P2O5130～180g/L，K2160-220 g/L of O, 2-5 g/L of Ca, 1-3 g/L of B, 1-3 g/L of Zn, 0.5-2 g/L of Mg0.40 g/L of organic matter; spraying fertilizer water for 1 time every 6-8 days, wherein the fertilizer water or water is sprayed in a drip irrigation mode, and the drip irrigation amount is 500-2000L/mu each time;
after planting, topping when young shoots grow to 10-15 cm; after the new buds germinate, 4-5 strong buds are reserved, bearing branches in the current year develop, and the rest are removed; then, pruning annual branches in spring every year, and reserving 2-3 buds at the base parts of the annual branches to form short branches; after the buds on the short branches germinate, 4-5 buds with good orientation and strong growth potential are reserved on each tree, the bearing branches grow into bearing branches in the current year, the rest buds are completely removed, and the bearing branches are fixed, so that the spacing between the bearing branches is 20-30 cm.
2. The fig planting method according to claim 1, wherein after pruning in spring, the ground fabric is uncovered, 150-250 kg of chicken manure is applied between rows per mu, the chicken manure is mixed with the soil fully and uniformly, and the soil is backfilled to form planting rows.
3. The fig planting method according to claim 1, wherein the pest control mode is: spraying 200-2000 times of mancozeb liquid before field planting of the nursery stock; spraying 500-3000 times of lime sulfur mixture crystal on the trees and the soil surface after pruning in spring; and after the branches germinate in spring, spraying the bactericide every 15-20 days in the whole garden.
4. A fig planting method according to claim 3, wherein if the insect pest is serious from late 7 to late 8 months, the bactericide is sprayed once every 10-15 days instead of spraying once.
5. A method of planting figs according to claim 1, wherein the entire garden is covered with bird nets during fruit ripening.
6. A fig planting method according to claim 1, wherein 200-300 kg of chicken manure is applied per mu during garden building, the chicken manure is mixed with soil uniformly, ridging is carried out, the height of a ridge surface is 0.4-0.5 m, planting rows with two sides high and a middle low are formed, and the row spacing is 2-2.5 m.
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| ES2189587B1 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2004-08-01 | Martin Martinez Sanchez | THREADING SYSTEM OF THREADS BY CROSSING. |
| CN101243758A (en) * | 2008-03-08 | 2008-08-20 | 迟万胜 | High production cultivation method for fig-tree |
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| US7818915B1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2010-10-26 | The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center | Culture of edible figs |
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| CN103518577B (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Cultivation method for pruning fig to be in line-shaped tree form |
| CN104137753A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-11-12 | 漳浦县蓝美水果专业合作社 | Introduction and high-yield cultivation method for figs from Zhangzhou, Fujian |
| CN107360934A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-21 | 罗世成 | A kind of method for planting fig fruit tree |
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| CN101243758A (en) * | 2008-03-08 | 2008-08-20 | 迟万胜 | High production cultivation method for fig-tree |
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