CN110710388B - Efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus - Google Patents
Efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110710388B CN110710388B CN201911159740.9A CN201911159740A CN110710388B CN 110710388 B CN110710388 B CN 110710388B CN 201911159740 A CN201911159740 A CN 201911159740A CN 110710388 B CN110710388 B CN 110710388B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-efficiency rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus, which is characterized in that a viburnum opulus seedling is fixedly planted, an environmental condition suitable for rooting is provided at the eye of the viburnum opulus seedling, so that each eye of each branch of viburnum opulus can generate an adventitious root, after the adventitious root is lignified, the branch with the lignified adventitious root is cut off, the cut branch is cut off from internodes between each eye, and a seed ear with the adventitious root and a bud is formed; the root system of each seed ear is completely buried in the soil, the positions of bud eyes are covered for planting and cultivating, and each seed ear can grow into a seedling. According to the biological characteristic that the viburnum opulus branches and eyes are easy to root, the seedling is cultivated by the seed ears with roots and buds through the production of the intermediate for cultivating the seedlings, so that the breeding efficiency is improved, and the aims of high efficiency, simplicity and quickness are fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to plant cultivation, in particular to an efficient and rapid breeding method of a garden greening tree species viburnum pungens.
Background
The method is characterized in that a forestry development strategy mainly based on ecological construction is comprehensively implemented, five major functions of forestry ecology, economy, society, carbon sink and culture are well exerted, the forestry development strategy is a national development strategy, 600 ten thousand hectares of new forestation are completed every year in China in the near future, a national ecological safety barrier strategy is implemented through tree planting and forestation, and urban forestry development directions are urban greening, beautifying and brightening, dust reducing and noise reducing.
Along with the development of Chinese social economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the urban people have higher and higher requirements on the development of urban forestry, not only are the requirements for increasing the area of a green land required to be increased, but also certain requirements on the quality, beautification and beautification, the space structure and the layout of the green land are required, the urban landscaping is developed from a single tree species to a plurality of tree species, is developed from a single layer to multiple layers of arbor and shrub grasses, and is developed from a single color to a color and a flower with fruit. The quality of the tree species is directly related to the effect and the result of urban landscaping. Viburnum opulus is a current high-grade afforestation shrub tree, each plant is 800 yuan, has extremely high cold resistance (low temperature below minus 40 ℃), disease and insect resistance, and very beautiful flowers and fruits and has very high ornamental value, so the usage amount in the aspect of afforestation in cities and towns is more and more large.
At present, the viburnum opulus seedlings are high in price and few in seedlings, and the key problem is that the viburnum opulus seedlings are difficult to propagate. The method adopted by seedling breeding generally comprises the following steps: due to the fact that the post-physiological mature period of the viburnum sargenti seeds is very long, dormancy can be broken only after the seeds are treated for 2 years, seedlings can grow to the third year, large seedlings can be planted and cultivated only after the seeds are treated for the fourth year to the fifth year, and seedlings cannot grow due to slight improper treatment of the seeds. Secondly, cutting seedling raising: the conventional hardwood cutting survival rate is usually lower than 10%, full-illumination semi-lignification twig cutting is adopted, the technology is very high, a full-illumination spraying system and facilities are required, the survival rate is usually 40-50%, and all the seedlings die due to errors in any link in the cutting process. In view of the above, according to the biological characteristic that viburnum opulus branches are easy to root at eyes, a new fast, simple and efficient viburnum opulus seedling breeding method is developed, the conventional seed and cutting breeding method of viburnum opulus is changed, and the breeding efficiency and seedling rate are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient and rapid viburnum opulus breeding method which is based on the characteristic that viburnum opulus bud part is easy to root and improves breeding efficiency and seedling rate.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a high-efficiency rapid breeding method of viburnum pungens comprises the steps of planting viburnum pungens seedlings in a field manner, providing an environmental condition suitable for rooting at the eye buds of the viburnum pungens seedlings, enabling each eye of each branch of the viburnum pungens to generate an adventitious root, cutting off branches with the adventitious lignified roots after the adventitious roots are lignified, and cutting off the cut branches from internodes among the eye buds to form individual seed ears with the adventitious roots and buds; the root system of each seed ear is completely buried in the soil, the positions of bud eyes are covered for planting and cultivating, and each seed ear can grow into a seedling.
The invention comprises the following steps:
step one, planting viburnum sargentii seedlings: before seedling germination in spring, selecting a healthy viburnum sargentii seedling with a complete root system and no plant diseases and insect pests, applying base fertilizer and preparing soil according to a conventional afforestation method, afforesting by adopting a furrow planting and furrow irrigation method, planting the seedling, flattening to be dry after planting, keeping the height of the dry seedling to be 5-8cm, and immediately irrigating;
step two, culturing the nursery stock in the current year: managing the planted seedlings according to normal seedlings, strengthening water and fertilizer, weeding and loosening soil, topping the germinated branches of each seedling after the seedlings are dried flatly to 60cm, and ensuring that the average height of each branch can uniformly grow to 50-60 cm;
step three, establishing fences around the nursery stock land: before sprouting in spring of the next year, establishing a fence which can prevent water-retaining materials added in the seedling planting field ridges from leaking outside around the seedling planting field ridges;
step four, adding a water-retaining material into the fence: after the fence is fixed and built, pouring a water-retaining material with good water retention and permeability into the fence to expose the top of the viburnum seedlings;
step five, hairy root management: after the water-retaining material is added into the fence, irrigating from the top of the water-retaining material, wherein the irrigation requires that water can infiltrate down to a distribution area of a soil root system;
step six, dismantling the fence and removing the water retention material: removing the fence, removing the water-retaining material, and forming lignified adventitious roots at each eye of each branch of viburnum pungens in the water-retaining material area;
step seven, cutting the ears: cutting off branches with lignified adventitious roots, and cutting off the cut-off branches from internodes among bud eyes to form seed ears with adventitious roots and buds one by one;
step eight, planting: burying the root system of the seed ears in the soil, and covering the positions of the bud holes with decomposed animal manure or sandy soil;
ninth, management: irrigating after planting, and performing water and fertilizer management, weeding and loosening soil according to a normal nursery stock mode of viburnum pungens after new buds grow to 3-5 cm;
step ten, outplanting the nursery stock: when the seedlings are cultivated in a growing season, the height of the seedlings can reach 40-50cm, 2-4 branches are formed, and the seedlings can normally come out of the nursery in autumn and spring of the next year.
In the first step, the viburnum opulus seedlings are 1-2 years old, 20-40cm high, complete in root system and healthy in seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests.
Applying base fertilizer and fully preparing soil according to a conventional afforestation method of 2-4 tons/mu, adopting a ridge-planting ridge-irrigating method to afforest, planting seedlings in a seedling-planting ridge 4 meters multiplied by 5 meters, planting seedlings with a row spacing of (30-40) × (30-40) cm, planting 7400-5550 seedlings per mu.
In the fourth step, the water-retaining material is sawdust or perlite, or a mixture of sawdust and perlite; after the fence is fixed and built, the water-retaining material is poured into the fence, the thickness of the water-retaining material is 50cm, and the top of the viburnum sargentii nursery stock is exposed out of the water-retaining material by 5-15 cm.
And step five, uniformly irrigating for 6-8 times and topdressing for 1-2 times throughout the year according to the normal management of the viburnum pungens, and adding a water-retaining material once again before 6 months according to the growth height of the nursery stocks, so that the height of the water-retaining material reaches 60-70cm, and the average number of buried bud eyes reaches more than 6.
Step six, cultivating the nursery stock in a greenhouse: in the current 10 months, after the viburnum opulus leaves fall, the fence is dismantled, the water-retaining material is removed, the fence is dismantled, and after the water-retaining material is removed, 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm can be formed at each eye of each branch of the viburnum opulus in the water-retaining material area.
Step six, cultivating the nursery stock in the field in the second year: before sprouting in spring of the next year, dismantling the fence and removing the water-retaining material; and (4) dismantling the fence, and after the water-retaining material is removed, forming 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm at each eye of each branch of the viburnum sargentii in the water-retaining material area.
And step eight, planting the seeds and ears according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, wherein the planting requires that the root systems are completely buried in the soil, and the positions of the bud eyes are covered by decomposed stable manure or sandy soil for 1-1.5 cm.
And step nine, adopting a spray irrigation system irrigation or a big water irrigation mode for the irrigation mode.
According to the biological characteristic that viburnum pungens are easy to root at the eyes of branches, a new fast, simple and efficient viburnum pungens seedling breeding method is developed, the conventional seeds and the cutting breeding method of viburnum pungens are completely changed, seedling ears with roots and buds are bred by producing an intermediate for breeding the seedling trees, the seedling ears are bred, the breeding efficiency is improved, the efficiency that one seedling can be bred by a single bud is achieved, 24 seedling ears can be bred by each plant on average, 14.4 thousands of seedling ears can be bred by each mu, and the seedling rate of the seedling ears can reach more than 95%. Solves the core problem that the viburnum opulus seedlings are difficult to propagate. The aims of high efficiency, simplicity and quickness are achieved. The method is completely different from the conventional seedling raising method of viburnum opulus, is a method for quickly and efficiently breeding the seedlings by utilizing the characteristic that the eye parts of the viburnum opulus have a large number of root-origin bases, and is a unique seedling breeding technology.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention.
Example 1: an efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus comprises the following steps:
A. planting the viburnum sargentii seedlings: before the seedling sprouts in spring, the viburnum sargentii seedling is bought (or self-bred by a conventional method for 1-2 years), and the seedling is required to be 20-40 (cm) high, the root system is intact and healthy without diseases and insect pests. Applying base fertilizer (2-4 tons/mu) and land preparation (comprehensive land preparation) according to a conventional afforestation method, adopting a furrow planting furrow irrigation (the furrow of a seedling planting field can be large or small, and 4m multiplied by 5 m can be selected according to the requirement of convenient management) method for afforestation, planting seedlings with the row spacing of 30-40 multiplied by 30-40 (cm), planting 7400 and 5550 plants per mu (calculated by 6000 plants per mu later), leveling after planting, keeping the height of the stem to be 5-8 (cm), and immediately irrigating;
B. culturing the nursery stock in the current year: managing the planted seedlings according to normal seedlings, strengthening water and fertilizer, weeding and loosening soil, wherein each seedling can germinate 3-5 branches (4 branches on average) due to the cut-off, has good water and soil conditions and high management strength, can germinate 7-8 branches, and is topped when growing to 60cm (the average bud spacing between branches is 10 cm), so that the average height of each branch can be ensured to be 50-60 (cm);
C. establishing a fence around the nursery stock ground: before sprouting in spring of the next year, establishing a fence around the seedling planting field bed, wherein the height of the fence is 60cm, the fence fixing piles can be made of hard materials such as wood rods, iron rods and iron pipes, the fixing piles are buried in the soil, the overground part of the fixing piles is kept at 60cm, the spacing distance is determined according to the length of the fence material, the distance can be far or near, the fence can be ensured not to fall, the fence material can be fixed on the fence fixing piles by hard and semi-hard materials such as wood plates and linoleum, the height is 60cm, and the fence can prevent the leakage of materials such as sawdust and the like added in the seedling planting field bed;
D. sawdust and other materials are added into the fence: after the fence is fixed and built, materials with good water retention and permeability, such as sawdust and perlite, are poured into the fence, and the height of the materials is 50cm (the materials can be reduced by about 5cm after watering), so that the top of the viburnum sargentii nursery stock is exposed by 5-15 cm;
E. and (3) hairy root management: after materials such as sawdust are added into the fence, the tap water pipe is used for manual irrigation through uniformly spraying from the tops of the materials such as sawdust, or top sprinkling irrigation is carried out through a sprinkling irrigation system, and irrigation requires that moisture can infiltrate down into a distribution area of a soil root system. Uniformly irrigating for 6-8 times and topdressing for 1-2 times in the whole year according to the normal management of viburnum opulus, and adding materials such as sawdust once again according to the growth height of the nursery stock before 6 months and 10 days (the sawdust is required not to bury the top of the nursery stock), so that the height of the sawdust reaches 60-70cm (more than 6 bud holes buried by the average sawdust);
F. dismantling the fence and removing sawdust: (1) the condition of nursery stock cultivation in greenhouse: after the leaves of viburnum opulus are fallen in 10 months of the year, the pen is dismantled and the sawdust is removed. (2) The condition of seedling cultivation in the field in the second year: before sprouting in spring of the next year, the fence is dismantled and sawdust is removed. Removing the fence, and forming 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20 (cm) at each eye of each branch of viburnum sargentii in the sawdust area after sawdust is removed;
G. ear shearing: cutting off each branch with lignified adventitious root at each eye of viburnum opulus, and cutting off the cut branches from internodes between each eye to form individual seed ears with root and bud. Each seedling can produce 24 seed ears with roots and buds. 14.4 thousands of seed ears with roots and buds can be produced per mu;
H. planting: planting the ears at the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, wherein the root system is completely buried in the soil when the planting is required, and the positions of the bud holes are covered by rotten stable manure or sandy soil for 1-1.5 cm;
I. management: irrigating by using a sprinkler irrigation system after planting, performing water and fertilizer management and weeding and loosening soil according to a normal nursery stock mode of viburnum opulus after a new bud grows to 3-5 (cm), and irrigating by adopting a flood irrigation mode. Tests show that the survival rate can reach more than 98 percent;
J. and (3) outplanting the nursery stock: when the seedlings are cultivated in a growing season, the height of the seedlings can reach 40-50cm, 2-4 branches are formed, and the seedlings can normally come out of the nursery in autumn and spring of the next year. More than 6000 viburnum seedlings can be produced per mu.
Example 2: the fast breeding method of viburnum opulus disclosed by the invention is implemented in Xinjiang Ulu wood city Xinjiang forest academy, and has the geographical coordinates: the north latitude is 43 degrees 49 degrees, and the east longitude is 87 degrees 36 degrees.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
A. planting the viburnum sargentii seedlings: self-cultivating 2-year-old viburnum sargentii seedlings (the average height of the seedlings is 42 cm, the root systems are intact, and the seedlings are healthy and strong without diseases and insect pests), and planting in spring of 2010 with the row spacing of 0.3m multiplied by 0.4m, wherein the total number of the seedlings is 80. Applying base fertilizer (3 tons/mu) to a forestation land and comprehensively preparing the land, adopting ridge planting and ridge irrigation, leveling the land after planting, keeping the height of the land to be 6 centimeters, and immediately irrigating;
B. culturing the nursery stock in the current year: managing the planted seedlings according to normal seedlings, strengthening water and fertilizer, weeding and loosening soil, averagely germinating 4 branches per seedling in the same year, topping each branch when the branch grows to 60cm, and the average height of the branch even growth reaches 65 cm;
C. establishing a fence around the nursery stock ground: no. 4 and No. 3 in spring of 2011, establishing a fence around a seedling planting field, wherein the height of the fence is 60cm, fence fixing piles are iron pipes, the fixing piles are buried into the soil by 50cm, the overground part keeps 60cm, the interval distance is 2 m, and the fence is made of wood plates and fixed on the fence fixing piles, and the height of the fence is 60 cm;
D. sawdust is added into the fence: after the fence is fixed and built, the sawdust is poured into the fence, the height of the sawdust is 50cm, and the top of the viburnum sargentii nursery stock is exposed by 15 cm;
E. and (3) hairy root management: after sawdust is added into the fence, the top of the sawdust is uniformly sprayed with water by a tap water pipe, and irrigation water infiltrates into a distribution area of a soil root system with the depth of 50 cm. Uniformly irrigating for 6 times and applying urea for 1 time in the whole year, and adding sawdust once again in 1 day in 6 months to make the height of the sawdust reach 70 cm;
F. dismantling the fence and removing sawdust: after the leaves of viburnum pungenti were fallen in 2011, No. 10/25, the pen was removed and sawdust was removed. 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm are formed at each eye of each branch of viburnum opulus in the sawdust area;
G. ear shearing: cutting off each branch with lignified adventitious root at each eye of viburnum opulus, and cutting off the cut branches from internodes between each eye to form individual seed ears with root and bud. Averagely producing 24 seed ears with roots and buds on each seedling;
H. planting: planting the seeds and ears in a greenhouse at the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm in No. 26 in the year 10 and 26, burying the roots into the soil, and covering the bud holes with decomposed stable manure for 1-1.5 cm;
I. management: irrigating with a sprinkler irrigation system after planting, and then performing water and fertilizer management and weeding and soil loosening according to a normal nursery stock mode of the viburnum pungens, wherein the survival rate reaches 99%;
J. and (3) outplanting the nursery stock: in autumn of 2012, through cultivation in one year, the height of the nursery stock is 70cm, 2-4 branches are formed, and 1900 viburnum sargentii seedlings normally come out of the nursery in autumn and spring of the next year.
Example 3: the fast breeding method of viburnum opulus disclosed by the invention is implemented in Xinjiang Ulu wood city Xinjiang forest academy, and has the geographical coordinates: the north latitude is 43 degrees 49 degrees, and the east longitude is 87 degrees 36 degrees.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
A. planting the viburnum sargentii seedlings: and (3) self-cultivating 1-year-old viburnum sargentii seedlings (the average height of the seedlings is 70cm, the root systems are intact, and the seedlings are healthy and strong without diseases and insect pests) in 2013 in spring, wherein the row spacing is 0.3m multiplied by 0.4m, and the total number of the seedlings is 100. Applying base fertilizer (3 tons/mu) to a forestation land and comprehensively preparing the land, adopting ridge planting and ridge irrigation, leveling the land after planting, keeping the height of the land to be 6 centimeters, and immediately irrigating;
B、culturing the nursery stock in the current year: managing the planted seedlings according to normal seedlings, strengthening water and fertilizer, weeding and loosening soil, germinating 6 branches per seedling in the same year, topping each branch when the branch grows to 60cm, and enabling the average height of the branch to grow uniformly to reach 70 cm;
C. establishing a fence around the nursery stock ground: no. 10 in 4 months in spring 2014, establishing a fence around the ridge of the seedling planting field, wherein the height of the fence is 60cm, the fence fixing piles are iron pipes, the fixing piles are buried 50cm in the soil, the overground part of the fixing piles keeps 60cm, the interval distance is 2 m, and the fence is made of wood plates and fixed on the fence fixing piles, and the height of the fence is 60 cm;
D. sawdust is added into the fence: after the fence is fixed and built, the sawdust is poured into the fence, the height is 55 cm, and the top of the viburnum sargentii nursery stock is exposed by 5 cm;
E. and (3) hairy root management: after sawdust is added into the fence, the top of the sawdust is uniformly sprayed with water by a tap water pipe, and irrigation water infiltrates into a distribution area of a soil root system with the depth of 50 cm. Uniformly irrigating for 6 times and applying urea for 1 time in the whole year, and adding sawdust once again in 6 months and 9 days to make the height of the sawdust reach 70 cm;
F. dismantling the fence and removing sawdust: in 2015, No. 4 and No. 15, before viburnum opulus sprouts, the fence was dismantled and sawdust was removed. 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm are formed at each eye of each branch of viburnum opulus in the sawdust area;
G. ear shearing: cutting off each branch with lignified adventitious root at each eye of viburnum opulus, and cutting off the cut branches from internodes between each eye to form individual seed ears with root and bud. Averagely producing 36 seed ears with roots and buds on each seedling;
H. planting: after cutting the ears, planting the seeds and ears in the field according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, burying the root system into the soil completely, and covering 1-2 cm of decomposed animal manure at the bud eyes;
I. management: irrigating with a sprinkler irrigation system after planting, and then performing water and fertilizer management and weeding and soil loosening according to the normal nursery stocks of the viburnum pungens, wherein the survival rate reaches 98%;
J. and (3) outplanting the nursery stock: in autumn 2015, through cultivation in one year, the height of the nursery stock is 46 cm, 2-4 branches are formed, and 3600 seedlings of viburnum sargenti are normally out of the nursery in autumn and spring in the next year.
It should be understood that the foregoing description of the present invention is by way of example only, and is not intended as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A high-efficiency rapid breeding method of viburnum pungens is characterized in that viburnum pungens are planted, an environmental condition suitable for rooting is provided at the eye of the viburnum pungens seedling, so that each eye of each branch of viburnum pungens can generate an adventitious root, after the adventitious root is lignified, the branch with the lignified adventitious root is cut off, the cut branch is cut off from internodes between each eye of the viburnum pungens, and a seed ear with the adventitious root and a bud is formed; the method is characterized in that root systems of seed ears are completely buried in soil, bud eyes are covered for planting and cultivating, each seed ear can grow into a seedling, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, planting viburnum sargentii seedlings: before seedling germination in spring, selecting a healthy viburnum sargentii seedling with a complete root system and no plant diseases and insect pests, applying base fertilizer and preparing soil according to a conventional afforestation method, afforesting by adopting a furrow planting and furrow irrigation method, planting the seedling, flattening to be dry after planting, keeping the height of the dry seedling to be 5-8cm, and immediately irrigating;
step two, culturing the nursery stock in the current year: managing the planted seedlings according to normal seedlings, strengthening water and fertilizer, weeding and loosening soil, topping the germinated branches of each seedling after the seedlings are dried flatly to 60cm, and ensuring that the average height of each branch can uniformly grow to 50-60 cm;
step three, establishing fences around the nursery stock land: before sprouting in spring of the next year, establishing a fence which can prevent water-retaining materials added in the seedling planting field ridges from leaking outside around the seedling planting field ridges;
step four, adding a water-retaining material into the fence: after the fence is fixed and built, pouring a water-retaining material with good water retention and permeability into the fence to expose the top of the viburnum seedlings;
step five, hairy root management: after the water-retaining material is added into the fence, irrigating from the top of the water-retaining material, wherein the irrigation requires that water can infiltrate down to a distribution area of a soil root system;
step six, dismantling the fence and removing the water retention material: removing the fence, removing the water-retaining material, and forming lignified adventitious roots at each eye of each branch of viburnum pungens in the water-retaining material area;
step seven, cutting the ears: cutting off branches with lignified adventitious roots, and cutting off the cut-off branches from internodes among bud eyes to form seed ears with adventitious roots and buds one by one;
step eight, planting: burying the root system of the seed ears in the soil, and covering the positions of the bud holes with decomposed animal manure or sandy soil;
ninth, management: irrigating after planting, and performing water and fertilizer management, weeding and loosening soil according to a normal nursery stock mode of viburnum pungens after new buds grow to 3-5 cm;
step ten, outplanting the nursery stock: when the seedlings are cultivated in a growing season, the height of the seedlings can reach 40-50cm, 2-4 branches are formed, and the seedlings can normally come out of the nursery in autumn and spring of the next year.
2. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the efficient and rapid breeding method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the viburnum opulus seedlings are 1-2 years old, 20-40cm high, complete in root system and healthy in seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests.
3. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: applying base fertilizer and fully preparing soil according to a conventional afforestation method of 2-4 tons/mu, adopting a ridge-planting ridge-irrigating method to afforest, planting seedlings in a seedling-planting ridge 4 meters multiplied by 5 meters, planting seedlings with a row spacing of (30-40) × (30-40) cm, planting 7400-5550 seedlings per mu.
4. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the fourth step, the water-retaining material is sawdust or perlite, or a mixture of sawdust and perlite; after the fence is fixed and built, the water-retaining material is poured into the fence, the thickness of the water-retaining material is 50cm, and the top of the viburnum sargentii nursery stock is exposed out of the water-retaining material by 5-15 cm.
5. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the fourth step, the water-retaining material is sawdust or perlite, or a mixture of sawdust and perlite; after the fence is fixed and built, the water-retaining material is poured into the fence, the thickness of the water-retaining material is 50cm, and the top of the viburnum sargentii nursery stock is exposed out of the water-retaining material by 5-15 cm.
6. The method for efficiently and rapidly breeding viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein: and step five, uniformly irrigating for 6-8 times and topdressing for 1-2 times throughout the year according to the normal management of the viburnum pungens, and adding a water-retaining material once again before 6 months according to the growth height of the nursery stocks, so that the height of the water-retaining material reaches 60-70cm, and the average number of buried bud eyes reaches more than 6.
7. The method for efficiently and rapidly breeding viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein: step six, cultivating the nursery stock in a greenhouse: in the current 10 months, after the viburnum opulus leaves fall, the fence is dismantled, the water-retaining material is removed, the fence is dismantled, and after the water-retaining material is removed, 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm can be formed at each eye of each branch of the viburnum opulus in the water-retaining material area.
8. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: step six, cultivating the nursery stock in a greenhouse: in the current 10 months, after the viburnum opulus leaves fall, the fence is dismantled, the water-retaining material is removed, the fence is dismantled, and after the water-retaining material is removed, 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm can be formed at each eye of each branch of the viburnum opulus in the water-retaining material area.
9. The method for efficiently and rapidly breeding viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein: step six, cultivating the nursery stock in the field in the second year: before sprouting in spring of the next year, dismantling the fence and removing the water-retaining material; and (4) dismantling the fence, and after the water-retaining material is removed, forming 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm at each eye of each branch of the viburnum sargentii in the water-retaining material area.
10. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: step six, cultivating the nursery stock in the field in the second year: before sprouting in spring of the next year, dismantling the fence and removing the water-retaining material; and (4) dismantling the fence, and after the water-retaining material is removed, forming 6-12 lignified adventitious roots with the length of 5-20cm at each eye of each branch of the viburnum sargentii in the water-retaining material area.
11. The method for efficiently and rapidly breeding viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein: and step eight, planting the seeds and ears according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, wherein the planting requires that the root systems are completely buried in the soil, and the positions of the bud eyes are covered by decomposed stable manure or sandy soil for 1-1.5 cm.
12. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and step eight, planting the seeds and ears according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, wherein the planting requires that the root systems are completely buried in the soil, and the positions of the bud eyes are covered by decomposed stable manure or sandy soil for 1-1.5 cm.
13. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 9, wherein: and step eight, planting the seeds and ears according to the row spacing of 40cm and the plant spacing of 25cm, wherein the planting requires that the root systems are completely buried in the soil, and the positions of the bud eyes are covered by decomposed stable manure or sandy soil for 1-1.5 cm.
14. The efficient and rapid breeding method of viburnum opulus as claimed in claim 13, wherein: and step nine, adopting a spray irrigation system irrigation or a big water irrigation mode for the irrigation mode.
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