CN109998118A - 一种功能性营养早餐谷物食品 - Google Patents
一种功能性营养早餐谷物食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109998118A CN109998118A CN201910402772.0A CN201910402772A CN109998118A CN 109998118 A CN109998118 A CN 109998118A CN 201910402772 A CN201910402772 A CN 201910402772A CN 109998118 A CN109998118 A CN 109998118A
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- powder
- cereal
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- functional
- breakfast
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Abstract
一种功能性营养早餐谷物食品，其特征在于：由以下质量百分比的原辅料组成：熟化谷物：55.0％‑80.0％，食源性功能肽：4.0％‑7.0％，复配营养素：1.0％‑2.0％，蔗糖粉：8.0％‑10.0％，食用葡萄糖：5.0％‑8.0％，β‑环状糊精：0.2％‑0.5％，甜菊糖苷：0.1％‑0.3％,各组分质量百分比之和是100％。本发明以五谷杂粮为原料，经挤压膨化加工而成，营养强化，科学配方，使产品具有高膳食纤维、高蛋白、低脂肪的特点。全谷物除了固有丰富的B族维生素、维生素E、镁、铁和膳食纤维，还含有一些果蔬食品中没有的营养价值很高的天然抗氧剂，不仅能够提供充足的营养和能量，而且具有保健作用包括能降低中风、糖尿病、心脏疾病危险、控制体重等，经常食用有利人体健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种功能性营养早餐谷物食品，特别是涉及一种添加食源性功能肽和复配营养素的功能性营养早餐谷物食品。
背景技术
早餐在一日三餐中占有重要的地位，营养丰富的早餐为人体提供足够的营养和能量，对保证充沛的体力和长期健康的身体是必不可少的。但是由于经济，时间和饮食习惯等原因，人们对早餐的重视程度还远不够。据调查，现在中国人有20％不吃早餐；70％不会吃早餐。不吃早餐对健康的危害非常大，长久不吃早餐会使得精神不振，甚至诱发胃炎、胆结石等消化***疾病。传统早餐食品多是自制或作坊式生产，以包子、馒头、大饼、油条、面条、稀饭等传统产品为主，其次是西式早餐食品如面包、汉堡、炸鸡、牛奶等，传统早餐的营养缺陷：主食多、蛋白质少、维生素(尤其是维生素C)少，微量元素、纤维素缺乏，总体来看缺乏全面合理的营养比例搭配，这就导致了能量够、营养不够，或营养不均衡，长期食用必然对人们的身体健康产生不利的影响。
谷物早餐源自西方，是传统的西式早餐的代表，通常以玉米、黑米、荞麦、红枣、大米、小麦、燕麦等为主要原料加工而成，是一种加牛奶稍煮片刻或直接用热牛奶冲泡就能食用的即时早餐食品。近年来，随着人们对健康的关注和生活方式的革新，更多中国消费者开始尝试并接受谷物早餐，从而带动了谷物早餐销量的增加。2017年中国谷物早餐的销量相比于2016年增长了9.3％，行业的销售情况良好，增长速度有逐渐加快的趋势。销量的增加直接带动了谷物早餐行业销售收入的增长，至2017年，谷物早餐行业的销售收入达到了114亿元。国内市场的谷物早餐品种有燕麦片、豆奶粉、黑芝麻糊、饼干、面包等。但是国内谷物早餐也存在一定的健康隐患，主要在于含糖量高，蛋白质低，一些含糖量高达50％以上的产品，如果长期食用，会有一定健康风险。
现有的谷物早餐存在品种单一，营养不全面等各种各样的问题，采取一定的措施，对其进行技术改造升级，开发功能性营养早餐谷物食品，使其满足人体对早餐营养和能量的需求，成为早餐行业的一个迫切需要解决的问题。
据检索发现，在国内专利文献中有一些营养早餐配方，如专利公开号CN201510895135“一种营养早餐谷物食品及其制备方法”中，采用多种谷物原料，添加乳粉、植物油、奶油、淀粉、麦芽精和水等制成糊状食品；专利公开号103652567A“一种什锦全谷物功能营养方便食品及其制备方法”中，采用多种谷物，添加量低聚肽，制成粉剂食品。较一般早餐谷物食品，这些专利产品配方，通过多种谷物组合，增加了蛋白配料，但没有强化早餐谷物所缺乏的维生素和矿物质，也没有功能性配料食源性功能肽。而专利公开号CN201810396897“一种发芽糙米大豆肽营养早餐奶”中，经发酵工艺制备而成。此专利配方虽添加了功能性大豆肽，但生产工艺复杂，也没有进行其他营养素强化。
通过上述专利及非专利文献的检索，均未发现采用多种膨化谷物原料，添加食源性功能肽，通过添加复配营养素强化多种微生物和矿物质，制成的功能性营养早餐谷物的记载。
发明内容
本发明之目的在于提供一种以五谷杂粮膨化粉为主要配料，添加大豆肽粉或小麦低聚肽粉、玉米低聚肽粉，同时强化多种维生素和矿物质的功能性营养早餐谷物食品。可作为代餐，在早、中、晚及需要时食用，能够快速补充营养和能量，消除饥饿感，快速从疲劳状态中恢复活力。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：一种功能性营养早餐谷物食品，其特征在于：由以下质量百分比的原辅料组成：
熟化谷物：55.0％-80.0％
食源性功能肽：4.0％-7.0％
复配营养素：1.0％-2.0％
蔗糖粉：8.0％-10.0％
食用葡萄糖：5.0％-8.0％
β-环状糊精：0.2％-0.5％
甜菊糖苷：0.01％-0.02％
各组分质量百分比之和是100％。
所述的熟化谷物为膨化燕麦粉、膨化苦荞麦粉、膨化小米粉、膨化黑米粉、膨化复合大豆粉、膨化复合黑豆粉、膨化复合黑芝麻粉、膨化藜麦颗粒、燕麦米中五种或五种以上组合。
所述的食源性功能肽是大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉、玉米低聚肽粉其中的一种或多种组合。
所述的复配营养素是根据早餐营养需求、原料营养成分含量，以及营养强化剂使用国家标准为依据专门设计的，其配比如下：
本发明功能性营养早餐谷物食品的制备方法为：
1)熟化谷物的制备：以燕麦、苦荞麦、小米、黑米、大豆、黑豆、黑芝麻、藜麦五种或五种以上为原料，经搅拌、膨化、粉碎、微波干燥、杀菌、包装工序制成熟化膨化粉产品；膨化燕麦颗粒和膨化燕麦米是以相应的膨化粉，经过造粒、微波干燥工艺制成颗粒状熟化谷物；
2)将上述熟化谷物与大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉、玉米低聚肽粉其中的一种或多种组合、复配营养素、蔗糖、食用葡萄糖，添加β-环状糊精和甜菊糖苷后用小型粉末混合机混合均匀，再经微波杀菌、袋装、盒装工艺制备出功能性营养早餐谷物食品产品。
本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明以五谷杂粮包括小米、谷子、高梁米、紫米、燕麦、荞麦、黑豆、芝麻等为原料，经挤压膨化加工，科学配方，营养强化，使产品具有高膳食纤维、高蛋白、低脂肪的特点。全谷物除了固有丰富的B族维生素、维生素E、镁、铁和膳食纤维，还含有一些果蔬食品中没有的、营养价值很高的天然抗氧剂，不仅能够提供充足的营养和能量，而且具有保健作用包括能降低中风、糖尿病、心脏疾病危险，同时还有利于体重控制，经常食用有利人体健康。
具体实施方式
本发明的设计基于《中国居民膳食指南》中“食物多样，谷类为主”的理念，将中国居民膳食宝塔的底层的谷物作为主要原料。所选择的五谷杂粮包括燕麦、小米、黑米、黑豆、黑芝麻等，这些谷物原料具有丰富的营养及保健作用。
燕麦是最受关注和应用普遍的谷物早餐原料，燕麦中的蛋白质、脂肪。膳食纤维均高于其它谷物作物。燕麦的膳食纤维含量为3％～5％。燕麦维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素E、钙、铁含量也均高于其它谷物作物。燕麦含有丰富的可食纤维，主要集中在燕麦麸中。研究证实，每天食用一定量的燕麦麸，连续食用几个星期，可降低低密度脂蛋白和总胆固醇，减少心脏病的危险。燕麦中一种主要的膳食纤维β-葡聚糖证明具有减低胆固醇的作用。根据这一科学证据，FDA规定可以在含有全燕麦(燕麦麸、燕麦面和燕麦片)的食品标签上标示健康声明：每日从这些食品中摄入3.0g可溶性纤维，可以减少心脏病危险。在本发明的功能性营养即食谷物配方中，燕麦主要提供碳水化合物、膳食纤维和蛋白质。
小米的营养价值很高，含蛋白质9.2％-14.7％，脂肪3.0％-4.6％和碳水化合物。小米蛋白质的营养价值高，其消化率达到83.4％，生物效价为57，高于小麦和大米。小米蛋白中氨基酸种类齐全，含有人体必需的8种氨基酸。小米中膳食纤维含量高，是大米的2.5倍，膳食纤维具有预防心血管疾病的功效。小米的表皮中含有花青素类色素，这种色素具有很强的抗氧化和清除自由基的作用。小米含有丰富的活性微量元素，包括铜、锰、磷、镁。小米是活性镁的很好来源。研究表明镁能减轻哮踹的严重程度，减轻偏头痛(asthma)的发生频率。镁也能降低高血压减轻心脏病的危险，特别是动脉硬化和糖尿病性心脏病②促进人体组织的生长和修复。小米含有丰富的活性磷元素，磷在人体细胞的结构中发挥重要作用。小米和其它谷物一样，是锰的丰富来源。锰是人体内300多种活性酶的共有因子，包括在糖代谢和胰岛素分泌(insulin secretion)过程中发挥重要作用的酶。
黑米，其营养丰富。研究表明，黑米蛋白质含量为12.25％，比普通的籼米和粳米高出20％以上，脂肪高出1.81倍。另外黑米中富含铁、锰、钙、镁等微量元素，维生素B1,黄酮类化合物和生物碱等物质。黑米花色苷也具有多种药理学作用，如抑制癌细胞的浸润和转移、降血脂、抗氧化、抗发炎、抗疲劳、清除自由基等。
黑豆一直被人们视为药食两用的佳品，因为它具有高蛋白、低热量的特性。有机黑豆中蛋白质含量高达36％～40％，易于消化，对满足人体对蛋白质的需要具有重要意义；脂肪含量16％，主要含不饱和脂肪酸，吸收率高达95％，除满足人体对脂肪的需要外，还有降低血液中胆固醇的作用；黑豆含有丰富的维生素、蛋黄素、黑色素及卵磷脂等物质，其中B族维生素和维生素E含量很高，具有营养保健作用，黑豆中还含有丰富的微量元素，对保持机体功能完整，延缓机体衰老、降低血液粘度、满足大脑对微量物质需求都是必不可少的。黑豆中所含的不饱和脂肪酸，可促进胆固醇的代谢、降低血脂，预防心血管疾病，且黑豆的纤维质含量高，可促进肠胃蠕动，预防便秘，所以是不错的减肥佳品。而且还有治疗风湿、抗衰老等效果。在本发明的功能性营养即食谷物配方中，黑豆粉主要提供丰富的豆类蛋白，补充谷蛋白赖氨酸等必需氨基酸的不足；黑豆还能提供丰富的植物油脂，其中所含的不饱和脂肪酸和卵磷脂，赋予产品多种营养保健功能。
黑芝麻的营养成分十分丰富，每100克黑芝麻含蛋白质17克，脂肪48克，膳食纤维19克，钾291毫克，钙814毫克，镁223毫克，铁26毫克。此外，它还富含锌、铜、维生素E及人体必需的8种氨基酸、油酸、亚油酸等营养成分。黑芝麻含有的多种人体必需氨基酸，在维生素E和维生素B1的作用参与下，能加速人体的代谢功能；黑芝麻含有的铁和维生素E是预防贫血、活化脑细胞、消除血管胆固醇的重要成分；黑芝麻含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸，有延年益寿的作用。黑芝麻所含有的卵磷脂是胆汁中的成分之一，卵磷脂可以分解、降低胆固醇，防止胆结石的形成。现代医学研究结果证实，凡胆结石患者，其胆汁中的卵磷脂含量一定不足，常吃黑芝麻可以帮助人们预防和治疗胆结石，同时还有健脑益智、延年益寿的作用。在本发明的产品配方中，黑芝麻粉能提供产品颜色和香味，亦能提供必需氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸，具有多种生理功能。
花青素(黑豆皮提取物)是一种多酚类物质，它是一种新型高效抗氧化剂，具有促进血液循环、保护视力、消除水肿、分解和排除胆固醇、消炎、预防癌症和抗氧化、抗辐射等功效。
本发明所选择的谷物原料还可以包括大豆、大米、玉米、苦荞麦、薏仁米、高粱等。
将上述原料其中五种或五种以上为原料经搅拌、膨化、粉碎、过筛、微波干燥杀菌，包装等工序制成谷物熟化粉，然后作为配制功能性营养即食谷物的熟化谷物原料。
为了改进现有谷物早餐蛋白质不足，在本发明的配方中添加了小分子大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉、玉米低聚肽粉其中的一种或多种组合。大豆肽是大豆蛋白质经过生物酶水解后分离、精制而得到的肽段混合物，以3～6个氨基酸组成的小分子肽为主，分子质量在1000μ以下。大豆肽的氨基酸组成与大豆蛋白质相同，必需氨基酸的平衡良好，含量丰富。大豆肽具有消化吸收率高、能快速提供蛋白营养，还具有增强免疫力，降低胆固醇、降血压、抗疲劳和促进脂肪代谢等生理功能。
为了使本发明的功能性营养早餐谷物食品具有更好的吸收性能和营养性能，在配方中添加了蔗糖和食用葡萄糖。葡萄糖在体内能快速吸收，且被吸收后能直接为人体组织利用，迅速解除饥饿感，恢复体力。
为了弥补谷物早餐中营养素的缺陷，在本发明根据早餐营养需求、原料营养成分含量，以及营养强化剂使用国家标准为依据专门设计的复配营养素产品，配方中强化了维生素A、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E、烟酸，以及钙、铁、锌等矿物质，使发明产品营养更加全面。
发明原料配方中，谷物配料重量达到55％以上，符合美国谷物化学家协会对全谷物食品之配料中全谷物的重量比≧51％的要求。FDA允许食品含有其重量51％的全谷物成分，同意在产品包装上声称具有减低心脏病和某些癌症的危险的标示。本配方具有高膳食纤维、低脂肪、低饱和脂肪酸、低胆固醇和低热量等特点；通过添加大豆肽等食源性小分子肽和食用葡萄糖，并通过添加复配营养素强化多种维生素和矿物质，使产品营养全面、易于消化吸收，能快速消除饥饿感，恢复体力，并具有一定的保健功能。
通过研究发现，全谷物摄入能够帮助避免癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病和肥胖症的发生，同时减少冠心病的发生率，吃全谷物食品也能够极大地控制隐性疾病的发生。全谷物食品能够极大地增加膳食纤维，增加了饱腹感，控制血糖，特别是餐饮之后延长进食的时间。停经期妇女也能够改善其健康状况。部分中年人，食用更多全麦食品，能够减轻体重，降低肥胖症发病率。
本发明主要由熟化谷物、蔗糖、葡萄糖、大豆肽粉和复配营养素等配料构成。熟化谷物是从熟化谷物包括膨化燕麦粉、膨化小米粉、膨化黑米粉、膨化复合黑豆粉、膨化复合黑芝麻粉、膨化藜麦颗粒、燕麦米等膨化谷物中选出5种以上进行配制，与大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉、乳肽等食源性小分子肽、复配营养素、蔗糖、食用葡萄糖等原料，添加微量的β-环状糊精和甜菊糖苷等辅料后，混合均匀，再经微波杀菌、袋装、盒装等工艺制备出功能性营养早餐谷物食品产品。
本发明提供的产品配方中复配营养素是根据我国早餐营养需求、原料营养成分含量以及营养强化剂使用国家标准为依据专门设计的，其配比如下：
实施例1：称取膨化燕麦粉280g，膨化复合黑豆粉240g,膨化复合黑芝麻粉100g,膨化黑米粉100g，膨化藜麦颗粒50g，蔗糖粉80g，食用葡萄糖80g，大豆肽粉56g，复配营养素15g，β-环状糊精3g，甜菊糖苷0.1g。
将上述原料用小型粉末混合机混合均匀，用复合铝箔膜包装成净重40g的袋装产品，再进行盒装和箱装。产品特点：富含蛋白质，膳食纤维，还含有天然不饱和脂肪酸、卵磷脂和花色苷等，易消化吸收，具有一定的保健功能。
食用时，将1袋(净重40g)产品打开，倒入冲调杯等容器中，用350g左右的温开水冲调后食用。
实施例2
称取膨化苦荞麦粉200g，膨化复合大豆粉210g,膨化复合黑芝麻粉210g,膨化小米粉100g，膨化藜麦颗粒50g，蔗糖粉84g，食用葡萄糖70g，大豆肽粉60g，复配营养素12g，β-环状糊精4g，甜菊糖苷0.2g。
将上述原料用小型粉末混合机混合均匀，用复合铝箔膜包装成净重40g的袋装产品，再进行盒装和箱装。产品特点：富含蛋白质，膳食纤维，特别是含有丰富的植物类黄酮，β-葡聚糖等天然活性成分，具有提高免疫力、调节心血管***、减低胆固醇、抗氧化等作用。
使用时，将1袋(净重40g)产品打开，倒入冲调杯等容器中，用350g左右的温开水冲调后食用。
Claims (5)
1.一种功能性营养早餐谷物食品，其特征在于：由以下质量百分比的原辅料组成：
熟化谷物：55.0％-80.0％
食源性功能肽：4.0％-7.0％
复配营养素：1.0％-2.0％
蔗糖粉：8.0％-10.0％
食用葡萄糖：5.0％-8.0％
β-环状糊精：0.2％-0.5％
甜菊糖苷：0.01％-0.02％
各组分质量百分比之和是100％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能性营养早餐谷物食品，其特征在于：所述的熟化谷物为膨化燕麦粉、膨化苦荞麦粉、膨化小米粉、膨化黑米粉、膨化复合大豆粉、膨化复合黑豆粉、膨化复合黑芝麻粉、膨化藜麦颗粒、燕麦米中五种或五种以上组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的功能性营养早餐谷物食品，其特征在于：所述的食源性功能肽是大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉、玉米低聚肽粉其中的一种或多种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的功能性营养早餐谷物食品，其特征在于：所述的复配营养素是根据早餐营养需求、原料营养成分含量，以及营养强化剂使用国家标准为依据专门设计的，其配比如下：
5.权利要求1-4所述之一的功能性营养早餐谷物食品的制备方法，其特征在于：
1)熟化谷物的制备：以燕麦、苦荞麦、小米、黑米、大豆、黑豆、黑芝麻、藜麦五种或五种以上为原料，经搅拌、膨化、粉碎、微波干燥、杀菌、包装工序制成熟化膨化粉产品；
膨化燕麦颗粒和膨化燕麦米是以相应的膨化粉，经过造粒、微波干燥工艺制成颗粒状熟化谷物；
2)将上述熟化谷物与大豆肽粉、小麦低聚肽粉、玉米低聚肽粉其中的一种或多种组合、复配营养素、蔗糖、食用葡萄糖，添加β-环状糊精和甜菊糖苷后用小型粉末混合机混合均匀，再经微波杀菌、袋装、盒装工艺制备出功能性营养早餐谷物食品产品。
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