CN109736354A - Tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736354A CN109736354A CN201811645654.4A CN201811645654A CN109736354A CN 109736354 A CN109736354 A CN 109736354A CN 201811645654 A CN201811645654 A CN 201811645654A CN 109736354 A CN109736354 A CN 109736354A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction methods, and for the structure construction of tunnel both ends active well, tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method includes: to carry out excavation of foundation pit in tunnel open excavation section surface construction building enclosure；Foundation pit substrate construction procedure: by excavation of foundation pit to substrate, to substrate construction bottom cushion and Slab Waterproof Construction is carried out；And in construction base plate steel bar binding to carry out concreting；Foundation pit side wall construction procedure: waterproof construction is carried out to the side wall of foundation pit；And reinforcing bar binding and concreting are carried out in side wall；Top board construction step: installation roof plate template and the reinforcing bar binding and concreting for carrying out top plate；Construction waterproof roofing layer；Foundation pit backfill.Tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method of the invention solves the problems, such as that tunnel foundation pit construction in the prior art is unsafe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a kind of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction side
Method.
Background technique
Traditional constructing tunnel is divided into open excavation section and the construction of pipe curtain section, applies man-hour requirement first to tunnel carrying out pipe curtain section
Open excavation section is constructed, and digs foundation pit at the both ends in tunnel, carries out pre support and excavation, but existing tunnel to tunnel to facilitate
Foundation pit construction is coarse, when being constructed particularly with the deeper foundation pit of depth, is easy to cause in the process for digging or backfilling foundation pit
In cause the soil of two sides to fall, or even landslide danger, security risk is larger, particularly in surface structures than comparatively dense
Place digs foundation pit, very dangerous.
Summary of the invention
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction methods, to solve the prior art
In the unsafe problem of tunnel foundation pit construction.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction methods, are used for tunnel
The structure construction of both ends active well, tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method include: to go along with sb. to guard him in tunnel open excavation section surface construction
Structure carries out excavation of foundation pit；Foundation pit substrate construction procedure: excavation of foundation pit to substrate to substrate construction bottom cushion and carries out
Slab Waterproof Construction；And in construction base plate steel bar binding to carry out concreting；Foundation pit side wall construction procedure: to the side of foundation pit
Wall carries out waterproof construction；And reinforcing bar binding and concreting are carried out in side wall；Top board construction step: installation roof plate template and
Carry out the reinforcing bar binding and concreting of top plate；Construction waterproof roofing layer；Foundation pit backfill.
Further, when to base plate steel bar binding, multiple split heads are set, multiple split heads are arranged in blossom type, and split heads is tied up
It pricks on bottom plate lower layer reinforcing bar.
Further, when the intensity of base plate of foundation pit concrete reaches design strength 75%, the support of the road Xia is removed；Wait push up
After board concrete structure reaches design strength, it is backfilled to upper track support.
Further, the crosspoint of roof steel bar is fastened using silk is burnt, first snap the line before the reinforced mesh binding of top plate, with
Guarantee that reinforcing bar is straight, spacing is uniform.
Further, for tunnel open excavation section main structure when carrying out reinforcing bar binding, diameter is in 20mm reinforcing bar connection below
Using overlap joint or welding, reinforcing bar of the diameter in 20mm or more is connected using straight screw connection set.
Further, reinforcing bar is when using straight screw connection set connection, with straight thread die head threading machine by the connection end of reinforcing bar
It is processed into straight thread, then by straight screw connection set, with torque spanner by scheduled moment values reinforcing bar and connection cover screwing.
Further, side wall template is installed, side wall template uses combined steel formwork, template side after the reinforcing bar of side wall being bound
Wall support is assembled using triangle steelframe, and panel selects the weldering of thick steel plate group, install after side wall template into side wall template into
Row concreting.
Further, the structure board mount of roof plate template uses bowl-scaffold support system, in total sub-semigroup
Every upright bar lower part pad set plank.
Further, foundation pit side wall concrete is poured uses the method for adding tumbling barrel to construct.
Further, vibrating method is carried out to concrete: is inserted using immersion vibrator and pulled out slowly fastly, slotting point will be arranged uniformly
Column, it is point-by-point mobile, it carries out in order, exhaustive, accomplishes uniform jolt ramming, every is vibrated 20 to 30 seconds, and mobile spacing is no more than vibration
1.5 times of dynamic stick operating radius, vibrate upper one layer when be inserted into lower-layer concrete face 50mm, to eliminate the seam of two interlayers, with mixed
Solidifying soil surface is no longer remarkably decreased, and bubble no longer occurs, surface glows subject to mortar.
The tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method to apply the technical scheme of the present invention includes: on tunnel open excavation section ground
Building enclosure is built, excavation of foundation pit is carried out；Foundation pit substrate construction procedure: by excavation of foundation pit to substrate, to substrate construction base pad
Layer simultaneously carries out Slab Waterproof Construction；And in construction base plate steel bar binding to carry out concreting；Foundation pit side wall construction procedure: right
The side wall of foundation pit carries out waterproof construction；And reinforcing bar binding and concreting are carried out in side wall；Top board construction step: installation top plate
Template and the reinforcing bar binding and concreting for carrying out top plate；Construction waterproof roofing layer；Foundation pit backfill, using tunnel of the invention
Road open excavation section main structure construction method is able to solve foundation pit construction unsafe problem in tunnel in the prior art.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the embodiment of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
A kind of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method please refers to figure for the structure construction of tunnel both ends active well
1, tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method includes: to carry out excavation of foundation pit in tunnel open excavation section surface construction building enclosure；Base
Pit foundation bottom construction procedure: by excavation of foundation pit to substrate, to substrate construction bottom cushion and Slab Waterproof Construction is carried out；And it is constructing
Base plate steel bar binding is to carry out concreting；Foundation pit side wall construction procedure: waterproof construction is carried out to the side wall of foundation pit；And in side
Wall carries out reinforcing bar binding and concreting；Top board construction step: installation roof plate template and carry out top plate reinforcing bar binding and
Concreting；Construction waterproof roofing layer；Foundation pit backfill.
When to base plate steel bar binding, multiple split heads are set, multiple split heads are arranged in blossom type, and split heads is bound under bottom plate
On layer reinforcing bar, it must not be placed on waterproof slab protective layer, in order to avoid destroy waterproof slab.
When the intensity of base plate of foundation pit concrete reaches design strength 75%, the support of the road Xia is removed；To concrete roof
After structure reaches design strength, it is backfilled to upper track support.
The crosspoint of roof steel bar is fastened using silk is burnt, first snap the line before the reinforced mesh binding of top plate, to guarantee reinforcing bar
Straight, spacing is uniform.
Tunnel open excavation section main structure when carrying out reinforcing bar binding, diameter the connection of 20mm reinforcing bar below using overlap joint or
Welding, reinforcing bar of the diameter in 20mm or more are connected using straight screw connection set.
The connection end of reinforcing bar is processed into straight spiral shell with straight thread die head threading machine when using straight screw connection set connection by reinforcing bar
Line, then by straight screw connection set, with torque spanner by scheduled moment values reinforcing bar and connection cover screwing.
Side wall template is installed, side wall template uses combined steel formwork, and the support of template side wall is adopted after the reinforcing bar of side wall is bound
Assembled with triangle steelframe, panel selects the weldering of thick steel plate group, and concrete is carried out into side wall template after installing side wall template
It pours.
The structure board mount of roof plate template uses bowl-scaffold support system, in every upright bar of total sub-semigroup
Lower part pad sets plank.
Foundation pit side wall concrete, which is poured, uses the method for adding tumbling barrel to construct.
Vibrating method is carried out to concrete: being inserted using immersion vibrator and is pulled out slowly fastly, slotting point wants evenly distributed, point-by-point to move
It is dynamic, it carries out in order, exhaustive, accomplishes uniform jolt ramming, every is vibrated 20 to 30 seconds, and mobile spacing is no more than vibrating head effect half
1.5 times of diameter, vibrate upper one layer when be inserted into lower-layer concrete face 50mm, with eliminate two interlayers seam, not with concrete surface
It is remarkably decreased again, bubble no longer occurs, surface glows subject to mortar.
The present invention is in specific excavation of foundation pit, using stage excavation, the mode that substep is cut the earth, before excavation to ground into
Row repetition measurement is 3m to 4m according to the different each layer of base's depth of edpth of tunnel, hangs steel mesh in digging process in time and carry out net
Pneumatically placed concrete is with retaining wall.
The application supporting construction uses in-network processing+steel pipe between cast-in-situ bored pile+stake (first layer is armored concrete)
Branch supporting system；First of foundation pit of bored pile section use 800 × 800mm reinforced concrete support, horizontal space 6m,
The bracing members of Φ 609mm wall thickness 16mm, horizontal space 3m are selected in remaining support.Generally using to support, end and angle in foundation pit plane
Portion uses diagonal brace.
Stake top crown beam and the construction of first layer reinforced concrete support:
Open-cut foundation ditch goes along with sb. to guard him stake top setting crown beam, and sectional dimension is 1000 × 1000mm.First layer armored concrete branch
Support is supported in crown beam, and sectional dimension is 800 × 800mm.After the completion of bored pile construction, excavates crown beam and first layer muscle is mixed
The solidifying soil support upper layer soil body cuts stake top laitance, assembling reinforcement, formwork casting concrete to design bottom surface absolute altitude.
Crown beam and spacer bar are processed in advance, scene is bound and need to install built-in fitting, template by design requirement and construction
Using combined steel formwork；When poured in place concrete is greater than 2m from drop height degree, is poured using tumbling barrel, chute etc., prevent concrete
Isolation.
Support of Foundation Pit Excavation method (excavation of foundation pit and process are as shown in Figure 1):
(1) excavation of foundation pit principle
Excavation of foundation pit according to " layer and section excavate, with dig with support, support with excavation combined " principle；Take vertical point
Layer, relay are excavated, and set up bracing members in time, reduce foundation pit without supporting zone and exposure duration.
Foundation pit is anti-, drains: after the completion of crown beam construction, applying foundation pit perimeter gutter in time, intercepts the surface water, prevent earth's surface
Water flows into foundation pit；Hole bottom sets catch pit, and Accumulated Rainwater extraction heel row enters municipal drainage system；In digging process in time to go along with sb. to guard him knot
Structure percolating water carries out closure or ejectment；When rainy season construction, prepare sufficient flood-proof emergency goods and materials.
Stake between in-network processing from top to bottom, with dig with spray.Laboratory is responsible for the match ratio of preferred gunite concrete and shows
Field controls, and examination spray is first carried out before construction, examination puts into sprayed construction after spraying qualification again, and sprays big plate by regulation, and production inspection tries
Part.
Pneumatically placed concrete operation twice should stay certain time interval, and to keep construction overlap joint convenient, every layer of lower part 30cm wouldn't
Injection, and do 45 ° of inclined plane shape.After each pneumatically placed concrete, thickness and levelling is checked in time, if thickness low LCL or smooth
Degree need to fill spray reaching requirement when being unsatisfactory for, and material will be sprung back by forbidding uses as jetting material.
(2) excavation of foundation pit support system is constructed
Internal support of foundation pit installation follows earth excavation operation progress closely, in time according to design requirement brace pre axial force, and according to prison
Measured data is added with axle power or takes strengthening measure；According to the principle of " first support and dig afterwards ", it is ensured that support installation timeliness and effectively
Property.Construction site is narrow, and bracing members pipeline section is processed outside field, and when construction transports live splicing to.Foundation pit width is smaller, support compared with
It is short, it is installed by the way of integral hoisting after ground spliced, lifting operation is completed by foundation pit walking gantry crane or truck crane.
The cast-in-place completion of the reinforced concrete support in foundation pit corner.
Bracing members construction technology and technical essential are as follows:
1. bracing members erection construction process flow
Support number → check mark transport to scene → welding flange → installation triangle steel board bracket → steel purlin it is in place →
Bracing members are connect with regard to bit correction → application prestressing force → fastening gad → dismounting hydraulic jack → bracing members with purlin.
2. bracing members erection construction technique
The triangular support bracket for installing fixed steel purlin before bracing members first in building enclosure is installed, then install purlin and
The pallet of steel pipe support, and put on pallet the cross hairs of steel pipe support.Microlith is perfused in gap between steel purlin and fender post
Concrete simultaneously consolidates, and makes fender post uniform force, and after pea gravel concreten intensity reaches the 80% of design strength, just permits
Perhaps apply the prestressing force of bracing members.Excavation of foundation pit progress is closely followed in bracing members installation, with digging with support, steel pipe merogenesis by crane transfer to
It is assembled on the spot in foundation pit, it is lifted by crane by truck crane in place.Axial location is controlled when steel pipe is installed, prevents penstock installation not in place.
Segmented head jacking bracket and load bracket are arranged at one end and hangs steel pipe support with crane after installation is in place for every root canal support
Middle part resists the amount of deflection because of steel pipe support self weight production, then applies prestressing force to support with engineering jack and hydraulic pump, so
The gap location between reserved pipe end and purlin adds gad wedging afterwards, finally loosens and removes jack.
3. the construction point of bracing members system installation
The vertical layered excavation of foundation pit, and the principle for following and first supporting, excavate afterwards, support installation are closely tied with earthwork construction
It closes, in the section that the earthwork digs to designed elevation, installs and apply prestressing force in time, it is made to play supporting role in time；Steel pipe
Stull is equipped with the different pipe nipple steel pipe of partial-length according to design length merogenesis, to adapt to the variation of foundation pit section.Tube coupling
Between bolted with flange, high-strength bolt, while movable end and fixing end are matched in every stull both ends respectively.
Steel pipe symmetrically ensures that both ends are synchronous, orthogonal with steel purlin, and diagonal brace will ensure that shearing block angle is consistent with included angle,
Apply prestressing force in time after steel pipe stull installation, combination jack pre-applied force accomplishes symmetrical synchronization, and hierarchical loading, to ensure pair
Claim load, combination jack can be respectively connected to, all support junctions are padded by the external T-valve door of the same hydraulic power unit
It is close to close, direct pressure-bearing steel plate will mill flat, accomplish to fasten when being bolted, prevent steel pipe support eccentric compression.Special messenger checks steel
Pipe supports chock, and one has loosening, carries out load reapplication in time and makes chock.
Steel pipe support, steel purlin are steel member, it is to be ensured that weldquality.Steel purlin and branch fastener at the diagonal brace of end, strictly
By design size and angle processing welding, installation, guarantee that support is uniaxial force.
Excavation of foundation pit points for attention:
(1) because of limited space in foundation pit, Work machine is more, if special messenger commander, dispatching buses and mechanical, it is ensured that construction peace
Entirely.
(2) reasonable arrangement sequence of construction is connected excavation of foundation pit, supporting support and structure construction orderly, avoids because of process
Phenomena such as parallel operations cause the work holdup, interfere with each other improves construction efficiency and safety.
Main structure overview:
Main structure is constructed using open cut is suitable.Concrete is all made of commerical ready-mixed concrete, and strength grade of concrete C40 resists
Grade P8 is seeped, reinforcing bar uses HRB400, HPB300 grades.
Structure construction segmentation and construction joint, deformation joint setting:
The construction method that structure construction is combined using " longitudinal divisions ", " upper lower leaf ": longitudinal divisions are i.e. along line direction
Section construction." upper lower leaf " construction: bottom plate of first constructing；Then section construction side wall；It finally constructs top plate.The water of upper lower leaf
Flat construction joint position is arranged according to design and code requirement.
Construction direction:
Main structure construction is with Support of Foundation Pit Excavation operation parallel construction, the earlier main structure for completing received well；Construction
Direction is carried out with Support of Foundation Pit Excavation operation from east orientation west, forms parallel, continuous productive process with Support of Foundation Pit Excavation.It is dark to complete open cut
After burying segment structure main body construction, start backfill above structure roof, provides place for the construction of subsequent sundry item.
Channel open excavation section main structure construction scheme:
Main structure is open cut along structure is done, and builds cast-in-place mode using mould and completes.
(1) structurally waterproof: outer waterproofing layer is constructed by the professional waterproof construction team with corresponding qualification.
(2) steel bar meter and installation: scene sets steel bar meter area, and the machine-shaping of all structure reinforcing bars scenes, it is qualified to examine
After hang to working face and installed, splice mainly uses mechanical connecting joint；Mainly connected using rolling straight thread machinery
Connector.
(3) form bracing system: to guarantee main structure construction quality and raising construction efficiency, accelerating construction progress, root
According to this project subject design feature, side wall template uses the lateral wall large-scale combined steel form of special "one off" production.
Top board structure expires hall using WDJ bowl fastening type using steel form+total sub-semigroup combined support system construction, bracket
Scaffold support system.
(4) concrete: structural concrete is all made of commerical ready-mixed concrete, and concrete pump is pumped to working face, plug-in type
Vibrator vibrates, and is conserved in time after concrete casting complete and carries out finished product protection.Concrete conveyance preferentially selects automobile
Concrete pump, to improve construction efficiency；It is not easy to the position using automobile concrete pump, it is defeated using towed concrete
Pump is sent to be pumped to work surface.
(5) construction transport: the material transfers such as construction period institute's palpus waterproof material, reinforcing bar, template, scaffold and bracing members are torn open
Except level of operation transport and vertical transport mainly use truck crane and 25t walking gantry crane to carry out.Material transfer is main in
Using truck crane, horizontal, vertical transport mainly uses walking gantry crane or truck crane within the scope of foundation pit.
(6) preformed hole of other each professions installing engineering set aside pre-embedded: is completed in structure construction procedure according to design requirement
Hole, built-in fitting etc..Structure discipline and other professional construction G- Designs are carefully checked before construction, and are poured in each construction section concrete
Before building with management and other professional scenes verification set aside pre-embedded situation, it is ensured that reserving hole and built-in fitting position is accurate, type
Formula is qualified, size is accurate, quantity is enough.The later period is avoided to dig structure.After the completion of structure construction, require to reinforce according to relevant speciality
Protection to each reserving hole and built-in fitting.
Main structure construction step, shown referring to Fig.1, structure construction is suitable from bottom to top to be completed, and sequentially removes each road steel
Layers side wall and top board structure are successively completed in support.After excavation of foundation pit to substrate, bottom cushion, waterproof and its guarantor are applied
Sheath applies below bottom plate sidewall structure and waterproof layer to the road Xia bracing members, when concrete reaches design strength 75%, removes most
Lower road support；The same manner construction side wall waterproof layer and sidewall structure and top board structure；After top board structure reaches design strength,
It is backfilled to upper track support, removes upper track bracing members, backfill restores road surface.
Channel body structure reinforcing bars construction method:
(1) steel bar meter
Steel bar meter list first is worked out by design working drawing and code requirement, chief engineer audits through project, after review
The production of steel bar meter material list.Shape, the size of steel bar meter meet design requirement.After steel bar meter, according to use position will plus
Reinforcing bar after work hangs up material machining identification board, and classification is stacked neatly, in order to use and manage.
(2) reinforcing bar is bound
Preparation.Whether specification, the size and number etc. of verification semi-finished product reinforcing bar are consistent with material list, get out binding and use
20#~22# burn silk, binding tools and the material such as Reinforced hook, and get out cement mortar pad by each position protective layer thickness
Block.
Base plate steel bar binding.20 steel bar horse-shaped bench of Φ, blossom type setting, spacing 1m, to guarantee steel are set when base plate steel bar binding
The position of muscle net.Split heads is bound on bottom plate lower layer reinforcing bar, must not be placed on waterproof slab protective layer, in case it is anti-to destroy bottom plate
Water.
Side wall reinforcing bar.Wall vertical reinforcement is placed on inside, and horizontal reinforcement is placed on outside, upper and lower and two placing of reinforcement crosspoint of both ends
Every fastens, and middle section is in quincunx every one and fastens.Quincunx setting S type lacing wire between two layers of steel mesh.
Roof steel bar binding.Roof steel bar starts to bind after plate bed die installs.Roof steel bar crosspoint is using 22# fire
It burns silk to fasten, when roof steel bar is bound, reinforcing bar rank, diameter, radical and the spacing of configuration meet design requirement, the reinforcing bar of binding
Net loosens phenomenon without deformation.Top bars mesh sheet pad is with enough split heads, spacing 1m, quincuncial arrangement, to guarantee top bars
The accurate of position is netted, first snap the line before reinforced mesh binding, to guarantee that reinforcing bar is straight, spacing is uniform.
(3) reinforcing bar connects
Connecting method for reinforcing bars: when steel bar meter, reinforcing bar is connected based on straight screw connection；20 or less Φ is using overlap joint or weldering
It connects, 20 or more reinforcing bar of Φ is covered with straight screw connection to be connected；Straight screw connection set.With straight thread die head threading machine by the connection end of reinforcing bar
It is processed into straight thread, then by straight screw connection set, with torque spanner by defined moment values reinforcing bar and connection cover screwing.
Quality of connection control: straight screw connection splice intensity reaches steel strength value, and reinforcing bar diehead threading quality conforms to
It asks, uses ring drift and ring no-go gage inspection one by one.Reinforcing bar connects plumb joint, straight thread connector and quality examination is conducted batch-wise as required and tests
It receives, all connectors extract test specimen in batches and carry out mechanical test, through carrying out next process construction after the assay was approved.
(4) protection of finished product reinforcing bar
When pouring concrete roof, it is laid with occasional passage on it.Bracket is welded with 25 reinforcing bar of Φ, spacing 10cm, on
Face is laid with 5cm solid wood；Or it is taken using scaffold tubes and plank branch.When being poured concrete, if special messenger nurses, discovery reinforcement location goes out
When being now displaced, adjust in time.When concreting, occasional passage is with pouring with dismounting.
Main structure form work engineering construction method
This work main structure journey form work engineering is mainly the structures such as the side wall of open-cut, top plate.The top plate of this engineering
Construction formwork uses combined steel formwork, is supported using bowl fastening type steel pipe scaffold；The side wall of main structure body uses combined steel formwork,
Support uses gusseted system.
(1) side wall template
Side wall uses combined steel formwork, and support supports assembled, panel selection 8mm thick steel plate group using triangle steelframe
Weldering, concrete are pumped into mould.Seam and wall leakage to supporting construction are strictly handled by design requirement.Side wall internal model and bracket
There are enough intensity, rigidity and stability, prevents that " running mould " or deformation locally occurs.Stopper template is according to construction joint, deformation joint
Used sealing material is configured, and pays attention to firm, reliable, indeformable, not spillage.Before vertical internal model, to waterproof layer, steel
Muscle and built-in fitting engineering are checked, acceptance of concealed work is carried out after qualified, carry out next process construction.
(2) roof plate template
Structure board mount uses WDJ bowl-scaffold support system, top plate supporting point 600 × 600mm of spacing, and upright bar is
The configuration such as 1.8m, 1.5m, 1.2m, cross bar one row of each setting at upright bar top, bottom 300mm, other step pitches are 1.2m.At every
Bowl buckle erects bar lower part pad 200 × 200 × 50mm plank, and the bowl buckle part upright bar to guarantee upper and lower level is propped up on a vertical line
Unwrapping wire personnel release the upright bar position line before supportting, and upright bar center is arranged by distance between tie rods to two sides in-line arrangement on the basis of beam central axis.
Adjustable U support lead screw is 0~600mm, places 150 × 150mm lumps of wood in U support and does main joist, main joist spacing is the same as upright bar spacing.It is main
Combined steel formwork is set on keel.
Main structure concrete engineering construction method:
(1) main structure concrete works overview
Structural concrete mainly uses commerical ready-mixed concrete.The concrete at the positions such as bottom plate, top plate and side wall uses concrete
Pumping pours.Every time before construction, producer carries out trial, and when construction presses match ratio concrete batching, and checks per car concrete
Slump, strict control mixing time and road haulage time are to guarantee construction quality during concrete engineering.Concrete construction easily produces
Raw crack wants strict temperature control and match ratio in construction, guarantees that concrete stirs evenly, vibration compacting, and maintenance is timely.It is mixed
Solidifying soil is appropriate with when raw material, additive selection, reinforces heat and moisture preserving maintenance in site operation, guarantees temperature inside and outside concrete
Difference.
(2) concrete transportation and site acceptance
Concrete transportation: ready-mixed concrete is transported with concrete mixing and transporting car, and cylinder internal water accumulation is cleared before charging, is transported
On the way, it mixes cylinder to be stirred with 1-3r/min speed, prevents from isolating, before mixer truck reaches construction site discharging, make to mix cylinder with 8-
12r/min turns 1-2min, then carries out reversion discharging again.
Solidifying soil site acceptance: mixer truck guarantees isolation and first coagulation phenomena do not occur before discharging.When field sampling, with stirring
It to the concrete before 3/4 is representative after vehicle discharging 1/4, sampling, conserves and approved by the common visa of both sides of supply and demand test specimen production.
In mixing plant, concrete stirring, which finishes, inspects its slump by random samples, and every shift's grab sample is no less than secondary, and (the first disk of per tour removes
Outside), the foundation that inspection result is controlled as mixing plant concrete mixing amount of substance.Commerical ready-mixed concrete is transported to construction site
Afterwards, before pouring, slump, every 100m are inspected by random samples3Concrete or every shift's grab sample are no less than secondary, insufficient
100m3Concrete presses 100m3It takes.Evaluating basis of the inspection result of construction site as concrete mixing amount of substance.Concrete arrives
The slump tolerance of slump and outbound preceding measurement up to on-site measurement is not more than 20mm.The inspection of concrete strength with comment
The fixed actual conditions according to this engineering, concrete use common assessment method.Its every batch of test specimen group number is no less than 10 groups；Specifically test
It receives division, sampling method and the sampling frequency criticized specially to be determined according to concrete amount size, every 100m3Test specimen is no less than two
Group.After mixing plant makes test specimen by the concrete sample that regulation extracts, conserved at the standard conditions to 28 days, intensity is as hard
The foundation of concrete Quality Control after change.
Continuous concrete amount is 500m3When following, two groups of impervious test blocks, every increase 250-500m are stayed3Increasing stays two groups.
When being changed such as the raw material, match ratio or the construction method that use, separately indwelling test block.Test block makes in pouring location,
In one group conserve at the standard conditions, another group with conserved under live the same terms, the test block maintenance phase is no less than 28 days.
While making standard curing member, the test specimen that suitable Homomorphism reuse is examined still is made, using as quality
The foundation of construction technology and mix-proportion adjustment in control process.
(3) concrete conveyance
Before pump concrete, clear water is first pumped, the cement mortar with concrete with proportion, lubrication management are then added into hopper
Pump concrete behind road；When beginning pumping, rate of pumping slows down, and oil pressure changes within the allowable range of values, when to be pumped smooth,
It is pumped with normal speed.Concrete pumping is worked continuously, and when concrete is for that not in time, need to reduce rate of pumping, pumping is temporary
When interrupting, stirring does not stop；When pumping finishes cleaning pipeline, rotating wash bowl is pushed using air compressor, cleans coagulation in time
Soil pump and pipeline are stacked after pipeline disassembly by different size classification.
(4) concreting with vibrate
Concreting: when pouring vertical structure concrete, when such as pouring height more than 2m, when pouring concrete using plus go here and there
The method of cylinder is constructed.Staged and layered carries out when casting concrete, and the lift height maximum of immersion vibrator is no more than
300mm, the lift height of plate vibrator are 200mm.Casting concrete should be carried out continuously.Such as necessary interval, intermittent time
Shorten as far as possible, and before front layer concrete initial set, sublevel concreting is finished.The longest of interval allows the time true by test
It is fixed, it is such as more than the maximum allowable intermittent time to press treatment of construction joints.Special messenger is sent often to observe template reinforcing bar, reserve when casting concrete
Hole, built-in fitting etc. are found the problem and are immediately treated whether there is or not displacement deformation or stopping state, and before the concrete initial set poured
Processing is completed.Before wall, column concreting, it is identical as concrete proportioning uniformly to pour 50mm thickness for elder generation at the horizontal construction joint of bottom surface
Cement mortar, mortar spade enters mould, and side wall concrete placement layer by layer vibrates, and every layer pours thickness control in 300mm or so,
Concrete discharging point dispersed placement circulation promotes, and is carried out continuously, and the perdurabgility of the good concreting of strict control.Exterior wall is mixed
After solidifying soil pours, stagnation pours concrete roof again after a certain period of time.Concrete roof is by one end with " catching up with slurry processes "
It promotes.
Concrete vibrating: using immersion vibrator fastly insert pull out slowly, slotting point wants evenly distributed, point by point move, in order into
Row, exhaustive accomplish uniform jolt ramming, every vibration 20-30 second, move 1.5 times (one of spacing no more than vibrating head operating radius
As be 300-400mm), vibrate upper one layer when be inserted into lower-layer concrete face 50mm, with eliminate two interlayers seam, with concrete table
Face is no longer remarkably decreased, and bubble no longer occurs, and surface glows subject to mortar.The mobile spacing of plate vibrator can guarantee vibrator
Plate covering jolt ramming part edge.Insertion vibrator avoids collision reinforcing bar, must not more be placed on reinforcing bar, the head that vibrates starts
It can be inserted into concrete after rotation, after having shaken, propose slowly, cannot pull out again, be vibrated by near-lying mode after too fast or stalling
When plate, poker vibrator head and template keep 5-10cm distance.When deformation joint concreting, concrete vibrating is not touched
To middle buried water stop and its fixing piece, to guarantee the accurate of waterstop position.Concrete vibrating by profession vibrate hand be responsible for,
And leakage is prevented, responsibility is carried out to region of vibrating before class and is contracted, builder pours to hand explanation points for attention of vibrating, opposite slitting block
When building, personnel of vibrating vibrated boundary line not less than 50cm in boundary.
(5) maintenance of concrete
It after concreting, is covered within 12 hours, and water seasoning, curing period is no less than 14d.Side wall
Water-tight concrete pours finish initial set after, water in side form and concrete surface gap, to keep wet.Demoulding will be to coagulation
Native intensity carries out after reaching the intensity of design requirement demoulding, must continue maintenance no less than 14 days after having torn mould open.
Top surface concrete is compacted before concrete roof final set, receive slurry, troweling, conserved in time after final set, curing time
No less than 14 days.Top, which is pulled before concrete strength is not up to design strength, forbids to stack equipment, material etc..After curing period immediately
Waterproof roofing layer and waterproof protective layer are performed, concrete cover will also be conserved.
(6) built-in fitting and reserving hole
Reserving hole, built-in fitting are mainly used for equipment installation, building decoration and fitment etc., wherein also including construction technology
The needs of arrangement: such as launching shaft preformed hole.The position order of accuarcy of reserving hole and built-in fitting is directly related to station
The total quality using function and structure engineering.Reserving hole, built-in fitting position precision control technology are through the complete of construction
Process.
Built-in fitting and reserving hole positioning: joint examination equipment installation relevant to civil engineering structure figure, building decoration, finishing work plans
Paper fully understands all kinds of reserving holes and built-in fitting position, quantity, specification and its function, draws detailed built-in fitting, preformed hole
Arrangement drawing, prevent occurring mistakes and omissions in work progress.Unwrapping wire is measured according to design size and in blinding layer or template
It is upper to use visible marking's accurate settingout.
Built-in fitting and reserving hole installation are fixed: reserving hole, built-in fitting will accurately be fixed on template according to construction lofting
On, and fixed using reinforcing bar, it is ensured that the mold for placing reserving hole and built-in fitting is not subjected to displacement and deforms, meanwhile, to reserved
The deformation of hole mold itself will also efficiently control.
The protection of built-in fitting and reserving hole in concrete construction: the reasonability of pouring order of concrete is to ensure that its position
Accurate important link is set, in concreting process, forbids vibrator direct collision hole presetting mold and all kinds of pre-buried
Part, but must assure that the compactness of the concrete around preformed hole and built-in fitting.It should be immediately to reserving hole and pre-buried after demoulding
Part position carries out repetition measurement, it is ensured that its position is accurate.Molded hole should be covered or be enclosed and covered, prevent people, object from falling.
Foundation pit backfills scheme, method:
After waterproof roofing layer cover concrete intensity reaches design requirement, the above foundation pit of structure roof is backfilled in time.Base
It is as follows to cheat earth-filling method:
(1) using sticky earthen backfill in the above 0.5m thickness of top plate, remaining is layered back using original soil according to no more than 30cm
It fills out.
(2) backfill material is transported using earth-working vehicles, shakeouts compacting using hand fit's machinery.
(3) backfill is before use, separately sampled its Maximum dry density of measurement and optimum moisture content, and does compaction test, really
Determine filler water content control range, the paving parameters such as soil thickness and compactness, is filled in optimum moisture content.
(4) above top plate within the scope of 50cm and around pipeline, manually to fill out using small machine rammer, it is wide to ram bottom overlapping 1/3
Degree；When being crushed using machinery, thin to fill out, go slowly, first light rear weight, crushing repeatedly, lap width when crushing is not less than 20cm.
(5) it in backfilling process, takes a sample to check and backfills compactness；According to design and the control backfill of related specification requirement standard
Compactness.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, positioned opposite, the digital table of the component and step that otherwise illustrate in these embodiments
It is not limited the scope of the invention up to formula and numerical value.Simultaneously, it should be appreciated that for ease of description, each portion shown in attached drawing
The size divided not is to draw according to actual proportionate relationship.For technology, side known to person of ordinary skill in the relevant
Method and equipment may be not discussed in detail, but in the appropriate case, and the technology, method and apparatus should be considered as authorizing explanation
A part of book.In shown here and discussion all examples, any occurrence should be construed as merely illustratively, and
Not by way of limitation.Therefore, the other examples of exemplary embodiment can have different values.It should also be noted that similar label
Similar terms are indicated in following attached drawing with letter, therefore, once it is defined in a certain Xiang Yi attached drawing, then subsequent attached
It does not need that it is further discussed in figure.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, the noun of locality such as " front, rear, top, and bottom, left and right ", " it is laterally, vertical,
Vertically, orientation or positional relationship indicated by level " and " top, bottom " etc. is normally based on orientation or position shown in the drawings and closes
System, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, in the absence of explanation to the contrary, these nouns of locality do not indicate that
It must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation with the device or element for implying signified, therefore cannot manage
Solution is limiting the scope of the invention；The noun of locality " inside and outside " refers to inside and outside the profile relative to each component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative term can be used herein, as " ... on ", " ... top ",
" ... upper surface ", " above " etc., for describing such as a device shown in the figure or feature and other devices or spy
The spatial relation of sign.It should be understood that spatially relative term is intended to comprising the orientation in addition to device described in figure
Except different direction in use or operation.For example, being described as if the device in attached drawing is squeezed " in other devices
It will be positioned as " under other devices or construction after part or construction top " or the device of " on other devices or construction "
Side " or " under other devices or construction ".Thus, exemplary term " ... top " may include " ... top " and
" in ... lower section " two kinds of orientation.The device can also be positioned with other different modes and (is rotated by 90 ° or in other orientation), and
And respective explanations are made to the opposite description in space used herein above.
In addition, it should be noted that, limiting components using the words such as " first ", " second ", it is only for be convenient for
Corresponding components are distinguished, do not have Stated otherwise such as, there is no particular meanings for above-mentioned word, therefore should not be understood as to this
The limitation of invention protection scope.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method, the structure construction for tunnel both ends active well, which is characterized in that
The tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method includes:
In tunnel open excavation section surface construction building enclosure, excavation of foundation pit is carried out；
Foundation pit substrate construction procedure: by excavation of foundation pit to substrate, to substrate construction bottom cushion and Slab Waterproof Construction is carried out；And
In construction base plate steel bar binding to carry out concreting；
Foundation pit side wall construction procedure: waterproof construction is carried out to the side wall of foundation pit；And reinforcing bar binding is carried out in side wall and is poured with concrete
It builds；
Top board construction step: installation roof plate template and the reinforcing bar binding and concreting for carrying out top plate；Construction waterproof roofing
Layer；
Foundation pit backfill.
2. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Bottom Board Steel
When muscle is bound, multiple split heads are set, multiple split heads are arranged in blossom type, and the split heads binding is on bottom plate lower layer reinforcing bar.
3. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the base plate of foundation pit
When the intensity of concrete reaches design strength 75%, the support of the road Xia is removed；It is strong to reach design to the concrete roof structure
After degree, it is backfilled to upper track support.
4. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the roof steel bar
Crosspoint is fastened using silk is burnt, and first snap the line before the reinforced mesh binding of the top plate, to guarantee that reinforcing bar is straight, spacing is uniform.
5. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tunnel open excavation section
Main structure when carrying out reinforcing bar binding, diameter in the connection of 20mm reinforcing bar below using overlap joint or welding, diameter 20mm with
On reinforcing bar using straight screw connection set connection.
6. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the reinforcing bar is using
When straight screw connection set connection, the connection end of reinforcing bar is processed into straight thread with straight thread die head threading machine, then passes through straight thread
Connector sleeve, with torque spanner by scheduled moment values reinforcing bar and connection cover screwing.
7. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by the steel of the side wall
Side wall template is installed, the side wall template uses combined steel formwork, and the support of template side wall is assembled using triangle steelframe after muscle binding
It forms, panel selects the weldering of thick steel plate group, and concreting is carried out into side wall template after installing the side wall template.
8. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the roof plate template
Structure board mount uses bowl-scaffold support system, and in every upright bar lower part of the total sub-semigroup, pad sets plank.
9. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that mixed for foundation pit side wall
Solidifying soil, which pours, uses the method for adding tumbling barrel to construct.
10. tunnel open excavation section main structure construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that carried out to concrete
Vibrating method: being inserted fastly using immersion vibrator and pulled out slowly, and slotting point wants evenly distributed, point-by-point mobile, is carried out in order, exhaustive,
Accomplish uniform jolt ramming, vibrate 20 to 30 seconds, and mobile spacing is not more than 1.5 times of vibrating head operating radius, vibrates upper one layer at every
When be inserted into lower-layer concrete face 50mm, with eliminate two interlayers seam, be no longer remarkably decreased with concrete surface, gas no longer occur
Bubble, surface glows subject to mortar.
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| CN110159272A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 河南省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | The construction method of large span city tunnel with box top board structure |
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| CN111101541A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-05 | 深圳市综合交通设计研究院有限公司 | Open-cut river-crossing tunnel constructed by cofferdam method in segmented manner and construction method thereof |
| CN111577330A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-25 | 平煤神马建工集团有限公司 | Construction method for open channel section of large-section inclined shaft and high-strength combined template thereof |
| CN112983478A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 杭州市市政工程集团有限公司 | Shallow-buried underground tunnel foundation pit construction method under protection of cover plate |
| CN113006142A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Construction method for reducing reinforced concrete in underpass of frame structure |
| CN113931230A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-14 | 新疆北新路桥集团股份有限公司 | Assembly type channel construction method and assembly type channel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110107304A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-09 | 三明学院 | A kind of shield launching receives well borehole wall part FRP tendons method for protecting support |
| CN110130934A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-16 | 河南省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | The construction method of city tunnel bifurcation mouth with box top board structure |
| CN110159272A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-08-23 | 河南省交通规划设计研究院股份有限公司 | The construction method of large span city tunnel with box top board structure |
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| CN111101541A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-05-05 | 深圳市综合交通设计研究院有限公司 | Open-cut river-crossing tunnel constructed by cofferdam method in segmented manner and construction method thereof |
| CN111577330A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-25 | 平煤神马建工集团有限公司 | Construction method for open channel section of large-section inclined shaft and high-strength combined template thereof |
| CN112983478A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 杭州市市政工程集团有限公司 | Shallow-buried underground tunnel foundation pit construction method under protection of cover plate |
| CN113006142A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-22 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Construction method for reducing reinforced concrete in underpass of frame structure |
| CN113931230A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-14 | 新疆北新路桥集团股份有限公司 | Assembly type channel construction method and assembly type channel |
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