A method of shortening mango breeding cycle
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit breeding technical fields, and in particular to a method of shorten mango breeding cycle.
Background technique
Mango is tropical fruit (tree) famous in the world, usually enjoys the good reputation of " king of tropical fruit (tree) ", the deep happiness by people
Love.Mango main producing region one of of the Guangxi because of advantageous geographical conditions and as the country, the Gui Qimang, Tai Nongmang produced,
Jin Huangmang, pale reddish brown awns etc. are well-known throughout the country, are exported to all parts of the country.
The quality of fruit sales volume, a big chunk reason are the quality of fruit variety, and mango is no exception, therefore, training
It educates and finds that mango new varieties play an important role the development of mango planting industry.To obtain high yield, mango is carried out
Breed improvement is imperative.Since mango is the heterozygote of height, sexual hybridization is mainly carried out between kind, but by various
The phenomenon that factor influences, and often the florescence occurs between each kind and does not meet, in addition, mango pollen is small, along with traditional artificial miscellaneous
Friendship technology is immature, therefore the crossbreeding Comparision of mango is difficult, and effect is very low.
Due to undergo a juvenile phase stage in mango seedling tree growth and development process, if not right early period in mango seedling tree
It is handled, and generally requiring could fruiting by 5-7.As it can be seen that being grown to mango seedling tree again etc. by mango hybrid seed
It identifies that the selection of true and false hybrid undoubtedly takes a substantial amount of time and manpower, material resources and financial resources to its fruiting, influences mango hybridization
The process of breeding.Grafting is able to maintain the hereditary capacity of scion, has a wide range of applications in the crossbreeding of fruit tree, traditional transfers
The mode of connecing is to be carried out using longer scion, but this for the fruiting period for shortening mango, effect is unobvious.
Therefore, low for the length of breeding cycle existing for traditional grafting method and the pollination efficiency of mango artificial hybridization at this stage
Under, the problems such as setting percentage is low for pollination, labour cost is high and long period, it is necessary to explore a kind of shortening mango breeding cycle
Method, accelerate mango crossbreeding process.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of methods for shortening mango breeding cycle, by the way that different mango Hybrids is real
The result that the aging healthy and strong terminal bud of 1 tip of raw seedling extraction is grafted onto the four seasons honey Mang Shu that same will bloom as scion is female
On branch, yields positive results within 3-5 months after grafting not only may be implemented, can also realize and several times a year yield positive results, and yield positive results
Rate is high, realizes the purpose for accelerating the process of mango crossbreeding.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing the raw four seasons awns of 5-8 as stock tree, two parental breed intervals for being intended to hybridization are grafted four
On the three-level major branch of Ji Mang, 3-6 tree is grafted in each cross combination;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, in grafted branch
The heading stage of item to small fruiting period takes 32-40 mesh fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into 7-9 month and fills clean river sand
Hole tray in, cross seed 1-2cm with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long extremely
Field planting is transplanted to when 8-10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing four seasons awns that 5-8 gives birth to as parent, selects the branch of robust growth as a result
Female branch, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 3-6 tree, and each tree grafts 30-
50 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 32-40 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the diameter of the bearing basal shoot is 4-6mm.
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the 10-11 month of current year, transferred with point of a knife from female branch needs
The position connect is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. mango hybridization seedling is cut from terminal bud 3-4cm, obtained tender tip is as scion, by scion main bud base portion
It is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1-1.5cm on one side, then opposite is whittled into the short bevel that length is 0.5-0.7cm, makes scion
Lower end is at flat wedge;10-15min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, is placed into mixed containing methyl α-naphthyl acetate and heteroauxin
It closes in solution and impregnates 3-5min, dried after taking-up;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 1-2cm with width will bind tight at graft union;
4. spraying nutrient solution to stock branch after having grafted, sprayed every 7-10 days 1 time, until graft union organization healing,
Realize normal growth;Insect prevention microbial inoculum is sprayed to whole strain four seasons awns simultaneously;
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the terminal bud is the aging healthy and strong terminal bud for 1 tip that mango hybridizes seedling extraction.
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the mass ratio of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and heteroauxin is 1-3:1 in the mixed solution, described
Mixed solution is that the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 10-30mg and heteroauxin are dissolved in obtained in 1L 80-95% ethanol solution.
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the nutrient solution be 5-7 parts of ammonium phosphate, 5-7 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-5 parts of ammonium sulfate,
0.8-1.5 parts of calcium chloride, 0.5-0.8 parts of magnesium sulfate and 0.3-0.5 parts of boric acid are dissolved in obtained in 500-800 parts of water.
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the insect prevention microbial inoculum is that 5-7 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 3-5 parts of Te Fuling can
Wet powder and 0.5-1 parts of pesticide synergistic agents are dissolved in obtained in 500-700 parts of water.
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, 30-40 days tissues of the film bound at the graft union after grafting are cured completely
It dismantles after conjunction.
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: being 20-30cm digging width at mango trunk 50-60cm, depth is the annular ditch of 30-40cm, is put into
The mixed fertilizer of urea, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, well-rotted farmyard manure composition, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, depending on fruit tree growth feelings
Condition is every putting disposable fertilizer the 2-3 month, while spraying concentration is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.4% to blade face, continuously sprays 2-3
It is secondary, every minor tick 10-12 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
As a preferred option of the technical scheme, the mixed fertilizer is by 10-15 parts of urea, 7-12 parts of potassium chloride, 5-7 parts of peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium, 10-15 parts of well-rotted farmyard manure compositions.
The parental breed of planning crossing of the invention is Jin Huangmang, Tai Nongmang, pale reddish brown awns and Gui Qimang.
Calliphorid of the invention is used containing 80% soybean powder and 20% fish meal captive breeding.
It is above-mentioned methyl α-naphthyl acetate, heteroauxin, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, more
Bacterium spirit wettable powder, Te Fuling wettable powder, pesticide synergistic agent, urea, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, well-rotted farmyard manure, phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium can be commercially available from the market, be not required to especially prepare, and the medical fluid that the percentage mentioned refers both to after dilution is dense
Degree.
Compared with prior art, it advantages of the present invention and has the beneficial effect that
(1) 10-11 of the aging healthy and strong terminal bud for 1 tip that method of the invention extracts mango hybridization seedling out in current year
Carry out bud grafting month, grafting twig can yield positive results through 3-5 months, and rate of yielding positive results is 90% or more, is greatly shortened
Mango is yielded positive results the period.
(2) present invention carries out scion breeding using the aging healthy and strong terminal bud of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, not only
The character of seedling can be observed, and since the degree of lignification of terminal bud is low, histocyte is active, and graft union can faster heal,
Survival rate is higher.
(3) present invention assists mango flower pollination hybridization using the calliphorid more than hair itself, in calliphorid flight course, compared to than
Other common flies can be stained with more pollen, can significantly improve the efficiency of mango flower pollination and the setting percentage of pollination.And this
Invention is will to launch in network access canopy near the calliphorid larva for the phase of pupating, and when mango enters full-bloom stage, calliphorid has also just hatched
At realization efficient operation, this can not only shorten pollination time, and greatly improve pollination efficiency.Under double selection, mentioning
Cost of labor is saved while the setting percentage for the efficiency and pollination that high mango flower is pollinated, overcomes current manual's hybridization pollination efficiency
Lowly, the problem of pollination setting percentage is low, labour cost is high and long period.
(4) method of the invention is simple and easy, only needs 10 months or so from seeding and seedling raising to yielding positive results, can be preliminary
Filial generation is selected in evaluation;And four seasons awns perpetual bloom, it may be implemented several times a year to yield positive results, therefore using of the invention
Method can select mango new varieties in 2-3, and more existing mango breeding time at least shortens 2-3, significantly
It shortens and shortens the mango crossbreeding time limit.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail, but is not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing 6 years raw four seasons awns as stock tree, the bright awns of gold and the interval Tai Nongmang are grafted to the three-level in four seasons awns
On major branch, 5 trees are grafted;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 36 mesh in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into August part and fills clean river sand
In hole tray, seed 1-2cm is crossed with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long to 8-
Field planting is transplanted to when 10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing 6 years raw four seasons awns as parent, selects the diameter of robust growth for 4-6mm branch
Female branch as a result, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 5 trees, each tree
Graft 40 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 36 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the October of current year, need to graft from female branch with point of a knife
Position is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. by being cut at the aging healthy and strong terminal bud 3-4cm of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, obtained tender tip conduct
Scion main bud base portion is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1.2-1.5cm by scion on one side, then it is 0.5- that opposite, which is whittled into length,
The short bevel of 0.7cm, makes scion lower end at flat wedge;12min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, places into the naphthalene of 20mg
Acetic acid and 10mg heteroauxin, which are dissolved in the mixed solution that 90% ethanol solution of 1L obtains, impregnates 4min, dries after taking-up;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 1.5cm with width will bind tight 35 days groups after grafting at graft union
It dismantles after casting off full healing;
4. spraying 6 parts of ammonium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1.2 parts of calcium chloride, 0.7 to stock branch after having grafted
Part magnesium sulfate and 0.4 part of boric acid are dissolved in nutrient solution obtained in 700 parts of water, spray every 8 days 1 time, until graft union tissue is cured
It closes, realizes normal growth;Simultaneously to whole strain four seasons awns spray 6 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 4 parts of Te Fuling wettable powders and
0.8 part of pesticide synergistic agent is dissolved in insect prevention microbial inoculum obtained in 600 parts of water;
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: apart from mango trunk 55cm at dig width be 25cm, depth for 35cm annular ditch, be put into 12 parts of urea,
The mixed fertilizer that 10 parts of potassium chloride, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 12 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures form, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, depending on fruit tree
Growing state is every putting disposable fertilizer the 2-3 month, while the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that spraying concentration is 0.3% continuously sprays 3 to blade face
It is secondary, every minor tick 10 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
It is 3 months from the time for being grafted onto result, and has 94.4% to yield positive results in the branch grafted.By training in 2 years
It educates, has filtered out the hybrid new breed of Jin Huangmang and Tai Nongmang.
Embodiment 2
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing 6 years raw four seasons awns as stock tree, golden bright awns and pale reddish brown awns interval are grafted to the three-level in four seasons awns
On major branch, 5 trees are grafted;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 35 mesh in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into August part and fills clean river sand
In hole tray, seed 1-2cm is crossed with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long to 8-
Field planting is transplanted to when 10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing 6 years raw four seasons awns as parent, selects the diameter of robust growth for 4-6mm branch
Female branch as a result, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 5 trees, each tree
Graft 40 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 35 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the October of current year, need to graft from female branch with point of a knife
Position is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. by being cut at the aging healthy and strong terminal bud 3-4cm of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, obtained tender tip conduct
Scion main bud base portion is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1-1.2cm by scion on one side, then it is 0.5- that opposite, which is whittled into length,
The short bevel of 0.7cm, makes scion lower end at flat wedge;13min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, places into the naphthalene of 18mg
Acetic acid and 12mg heteroauxin, which are dissolved in the mixed solution that 90% ethanol solution of 1L obtains, impregnates 4min, dries after taking-up;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 1.2cm with width will bind tight 35 days groups after grafting at graft union
It dismantles after casting off full healing;
4. spraying 6.5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 5.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 4.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of chlorination to stock branch after having grafted
Calcium, 0.6 part of magnesium sulfate and 0.4 part of boric acid are dissolved in nutrient solution obtained in 650 parts of water, spray every 9 days 1 time, until graft union
Normal growth is realized in organization healing;Spraying 6.5 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 3.5 parts of Te Fuling to whole strain four seasons awns simultaneously can
Wet powder and 0.9 part of pesticide synergistic agent are dissolved in insect prevention microbial inoculum obtained in 650 parts of water;
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: apart from mango trunk 55cm at dig width be 25cm, depth for 35cm annular ditch, be put into 13 parts of urea,
The mixed fertilizer that 11 parts of potassium chloride, 6.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 14 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures form, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, depending on fruit
Tree growing state every putting disposable fertilizer 2-3 month, while spraying concentration for 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to blade face, continuously spray 2
It is secondary, every minor tick 10 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
It is 3 months from the time for being grafted onto result, and has 93.6% to yield positive results in the branch grafted.By training in 2 years
It educates, has filtered out the hybrid new breed of Jin Huangmang and pale reddish brown awns.
Embodiment 3
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing 7 years raw four seasons awns as stock tree, Tai Nongmang and pale reddish brown awns interval are grafted to the three-level in four seasons awns
On major branch, 4 trees are grafted;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 34 mesh in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into July and fills clean river sand
In hole tray, seed 1-2cm is crossed with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long to 8-
Field planting is transplanted to when 10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing 7 years raw four seasons awns as parent, selects the diameter of robust growth for 4-6mm branch
Female branch as a result, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 4 trees, each tree
Graft 45 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 34 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the November of current year, need to graft from female branch with point of a knife
Position is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. by being cut at the aging healthy and strong terminal bud 3-4cm of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, obtained tender tip conduct
Scion main bud base portion is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1-1.3cm by scion on one side, then it is 0.5- that opposite, which is whittled into length,
The short bevel of 0.7cm, makes scion lower end at flat wedge;14min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, places into the naphthalene of 15mg
Acetic acid and 15mg heteroauxin, which are dissolved in the mixed solution that 85% ethanol solution of 1L obtains, impregnates 5min, dries after taking-up;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 1.8cm with width will bind tight 32 days groups after grafting at graft union
It dismantles after casting off full healing;
4. spraying 6 parts of ammonium phosphate, 6.5 parts of potassium nitrate, 3.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1.3 parts of chlorinations to stock branch after having grafted
Calcium, 0.7 part of magnesium sulfate and 0.5 part of boric acid are dissolved in nutrient solution obtained in 750 parts of water, spray every 8 days 1 time, until graft union
Normal growth is realized in organization healing;Spraying 5.5 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 4.5 parts of Te Fuling to whole strain four seasons awns simultaneously can
Wet powder and 0.7 part of pesticide synergistic agent are dissolved in insect prevention microbial inoculum obtained in 550 parts of water;
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: being 30cm digging width at mango trunk 50cm, depth is the annular ditch of 40cm, is put into 14 parts of urea, 9
The mixed fertilizer that part potassium chloride, 5.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 13 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures form, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, depending on fruit tree
Growing state is every putting disposable fertilizer the 2-3 month, while the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that spraying concentration is 0.4% continuously sprays 3 to blade face
It is secondary, every minor tick 12 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
It is 4 months from the time for being grafted onto result, and has 93.2% to yield positive results in the branch grafted.By training in 2 years
It educates, has filtered out the hybrid new breed of Tai Nongmang and pale reddish brown awns.
Embodiment 4
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing 7 years raw four seasons awns as stock tree, the bright awns of gold and seven awns interval of osmanthus are grafted to the three-level in four seasons awns
On major branch, 4 trees are grafted;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 38 mesh in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into September part and fills clean river sand
In hole tray, seed 1-2cm is crossed with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long to 8-
Field planting is transplanted to when 10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing 7 years raw four seasons awns as parent, selects the diameter of robust growth for 4-6mm branch
Female branch as a result, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 4 trees, each tree
Graft 35 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 38 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the November of current year, need to graft from female branch with point of a knife
Position is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. by being cut at the aging healthy and strong terminal bud 3-4cm of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, obtained tender tip conduct
Scion main bud base portion is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1.3-1.5cm by scion on one side, then it is 0.5- that opposite, which is whittled into length,
The short bevel of 0.7cm, makes scion lower end at flat wedge;11min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, places into 22.5mg's
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate and 7.5mg heteroauxin, which are dissolved in the mixed solution that 85% ethanol solution of 1L obtains, impregnates 3min, dries in the air after taking-up
It is dry;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 2cm with width will bind tight, 38 days tissues after grafting at graft union
It dismantles after healing completely;
4. spraying 5.5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of calcium chloride, 0.7 to stock branch after having grafted
Part magnesium sulfate and 0.5 part of boric acid are dissolved in nutrient solution obtained in 600 parts of water, spray every 9 days 1 time, until graft union tissue is cured
It closes, realizes normal growth;6 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 3.5 parts of Te Fuling wettable powders are sprayed to whole strain four seasons awns simultaneously
Insect prevention microbial inoculum obtained in 600 parts of water is dissolved in 0.6 part of pesticide synergistic agent;
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: being 25cm digging width at mango trunk 60cm, depth is the annular ditch of 40cm, is put into 11 parts of urea, 8
The mixed fertilizer that part potassium chloride, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 11 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures form, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, it is raw depending on fruit tree
Long situation is every putting disposable fertilizer the 2-3 month, while the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that spraying concentration is 0.3% is to blade face, continuous spray 3 times,
Every minor tick 11 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
It is 4 months from the time for being grafted onto result, and has 92.8% to yield positive results in the branch grafted.By training in 3 years
It educates, has filtered out the hybrid new breed of Jin Huangmang and Gui Qimang.
Embodiment 5
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing 5 years raw four seasons awns as stock tree, Tai Nongmang and seven awns interval of osmanthus are grafted to the three-level in four seasons awns
On major branch, 6 trees are grafted;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 32 mesh in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into September part and fills clean river sand
In hole tray, seed 1-2cm is crossed with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long to 8-
Field planting is transplanted to when 10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing 5 years raw four seasons awns as parent, selects the diameter of robust growth for 4-6mm branch
Female branch as a result, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 6 trees, each tree
Graft 50 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 32 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the October of current year, need to graft from female branch with point of a knife
Position is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. by being cut at the aging healthy and strong terminal bud 3-4cm of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, obtained tender tip conduct
Scion main bud base portion is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1-1.5cm by scion on one side, then it is 0.5- that opposite, which is whittled into length,
The short bevel of 0.7cm, makes scion lower end at flat wedge;15min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, places into the naphthalene of 5mg
Acetic acid and 5mg heteroauxin, which are dissolved in the mixed solution that 95% ethanol solution of 1L obtains, impregnates 3min, dries after taking-up;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 2cm with width will bind tight, 40 days tissues after grafting at graft union
It dismantles after healing completely;
4. spraying 7 parts of ammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 parts of calcium chloride, 0.8 to stock branch after having grafted
Part magnesium sulfate and 0.5 part of boric acid are dissolved in nutrient solution obtained in 800 parts of water, spray every 7 days 1 time, until graft union tissue is cured
It closes, realizes normal growth;Simultaneously to whole strain four seasons awns spray 7 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 3 parts of Te Fuling wettable powders and
1 part of pesticide synergistic agent is dissolved in insect prevention microbial inoculum obtained in 700 parts of water;
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: apart from mango trunk 60cm at dig width be 30cm, depth for 40cm annular ditch, be put into 15 parts of urea,
The mixed fertilizer that 12 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures form, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, depending on fruit tree
Growing state is every putting disposable fertilizer the 2-3 month, while the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that spraying concentration is 0.4% continuously sprays 2 to blade face
It is secondary, every minor tick 10 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
It is 5 months from the time for being grafted onto result, and has 91.7% to yield positive results in the branch grafted.By training in 3 years
It educates, has filtered out the hybrid new breed of Tai Nongmang and Gui Qimang.
Embodiment 6
A method of shortening mango breeding cycle, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquisition of filial generation seed:
1. choosing 8 years raw four seasons awns as stock tree, pale reddish brown awns and seven awns interval of osmanthus are grafted to the three-level in four seasons awns
On major branch, 3 trees are grafted;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 40 mesh in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Fly net;
2. the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating is put into net canopy and is carried out in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig
Pollination after pollination, carries out Routine Management, to obtain the mango hybrid seed of directive breeding;
(2) cultivation of seedling: sterile-processed mango hybrid seed is seeded into July and fills clean river sand
In hole tray, seed 1-2cm is crossed with fine sand lid after broadcasting, water of drenching, daily water drenching moisturizing later;When mango hybridization seedling is long to 8-
Field planting is transplanted to when 10cm;
(3) stock selects: choosing 8 years raw four seasons awns as parent, selects the diameter of robust growth for 4-6mm branch
Female branch as a result, every is only stayed the 1-2 tip, is trimmed to remaining miscellaneous branch;Each Hybrid grafts 3 trees, each tree
Graft 30 branches;Brandreth is built in four seasons awns surrounding with steel pipe, takes 40 mesh insect prevention in heading stage to the small fruiting period of grafting twig
Net;
(4) it grafts:
1. cutting bearing basal shoot from 2-3cm below the tip in the November of current year, need to graft from female branch with point of a knife
Position is chosen out by bast from xylem;
2. by being cut at the aging healthy and strong terminal bud 3-4cm of 1 tip of mango hybridization seedling extraction, obtained tender tip conduct
Scion main bud base portion is whittled into the long bevel that a length is 1-1.5cm by scion on one side, then it is 0.5- that opposite, which is whittled into length,
The short bevel of 0.7cm, makes scion lower end at flat wedge;10min is impregnated into the scion cut into the water, places into 2.5mg's
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate and 7.5mg heteroauxin, which are dissolved in the mixed solution that 80% ethanol solution of 1L obtains, impregnates 5min, dries in the air after taking-up
It is dry;
3. scion is inserted into the notch of female branch, scion and the cortex of female branch notch is set to match, until long bevel is no longer outer
It is exposed to female branch section;After scion is plugged, the film for being 1cm with width will bind tight, 30 days tissues after grafting at graft union
It dismantles after healing completely;
4. spraying 5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 7 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.8 part of calcium chloride, 0.5 to stock branch after having grafted
Part magnesium sulfate and 0.3 part of boric acid are dissolved in nutrient solution obtained in 500 parts of water, spray every 10 days 1 time, until graft union tissue is cured
It closes, realizes normal growth;Simultaneously to whole strain four seasons awns spray 5 parts of carbendazol wettable powders, 5 parts of Te Fuling wettable powders and
0.5 part of pesticide synergistic agent is dissolved in insect prevention microbial inoculum obtained in 500 parts of water;
(5) management after grafting, comprising:
1. fertilising: being 20cm digging width at mango trunk 50cm, depth is the annular ditch of 30cm, is put into 10 parts of urea, 7
The mixed fertilizer that part potassium chloride, 7 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of well-rotted farmyard manures form, then the soil of one layer of 8-10cm is covered, it is raw depending on fruit tree
Long situation is every putting disposable fertilizer the 2-3 month, while the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that spraying concentration is 0.2% is to blade face, continuous spray 3 times,
Every minor tick 12 days;
2. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: paying attention to trimming clear garden, remove sick branch, the sick leaf on four seasons Mang Shu in time;It is anti-with conventional method
Control mango pest and disease damage;
3. blooming period management: in the flower spike pumping 4-6cm long of grafting twig, the calliphorid larva near the phase of pupating being put into net
It pollinates in canopy, after pollination, carries out Routine Management.
It is 5 months from the time for being grafted onto result, and has 90.5% to yield positive results in the branch grafted.By training in 3 years
It educates, has filtered out pale reddish brown awns and the hybrid new breed of Gui Qimang.