CN112205229B - Efficient cost-saving citrus cultivation method - Google Patents
Efficient cost-saving citrus cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205229B CN112205229B CN202010979844.0A CN202010979844A CN112205229B CN 112205229 B CN112205229 B CN 112205229B CN 202010979844 A CN202010979844 A CN 202010979844A CN 112205229 B CN112205229 B CN 112205229B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating citrus at high efficiency and cost saving, which comprises the following steps: the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: performing tip picking and smearing once every year in spring tips, and leaving fruiting flower buds; and (4) tip setting for one time: culturing the spring shoots without flowers as mother branches for fruiting in the next year; the fertilizing method comprises the following steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, applying root fertilizer once within 20 days after flower withering every year; the spraying of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying a leaf fertilizer in the spring shoot period to promote flowers, strengthen the flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring shoots; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the emergence of the summer tip; spraying foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to improve the nutrition of the tree body, control shoots and promote flowers; the pruning method comprises the following steps: the flowers are uniformly pruned once before the flowers bloom in 10 months per year to 2 months next year. Finally, the outstanding effects of eight exemptions such as sunlight free bactericide and free organic nutrient source, no pruning of saplings, no support for fruit bearing, white coating, girdling, drip irrigation equipment and herbicide are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a high-efficiency cost-saving cultivation method for citrus, wherein the method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer once, cultivating shoots once, pruning once and wiping buds once in one year.
Background
The citrus has the advantages of high nutritive value, rich varieties and wide taste which are popular with the public, is favored by fruit growers, and has the characteristics of high return speed and high economic benefit, so that the planting area of the citrus is continuously enlarged. However, the management of oranges is not standardized, and the cost-saving cultivation is lack of a systematic scientific method, so that the physical and labor force for cultivating oranges is continuously increased, the profit space of growers is continuously compressed, and under the condition that the whole industry is far from being saturated, the phenomena of extensive management and orchard waste are increasingly developed due to the reasons of cost and labor and the like. The annual growth process of citrus cultivation includes spring, summer, autumn and winter shoots, and in order to prevent insects, promote fruits, set fruits and preserve fruits, the shoots at each period are usually trimmed, ring-cut and fertilized for multiple times. The conventional citrus cultivation operation is as follows: 1. respectively applying the fertilizers once in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, 3 months (germinating fertilizers), 6-7 months (fruit-preserving fertilizers, diazo phosphorus potassium), 10-25 days before the early autumn tips of 7-8 months (fruit-strengthening fertilizers, diazo phosphorus potassium) and 11-12 months (fruit-picking fertilizers). 2. In the aspect of tip trimming and controlling, multiple bud picking, multiple tip trimming and girdling are needed, otherwise, the utilization rate of illumination is reduced due to the fact that the bare branches grow, nutrients are contended with flowers and fruits, flower and fruit dropping is caused, and the yield is influenced.
As the conventional citrus cultivation method needs to apply root fertilizer for many times, carry out bud picking for many times, trim and control the tip for many times, and carry out foliar fertilizer application in the growing season as supplement, the following defects exist according to the conventional method:
1. multiple root fertilizer application increases the cost of labor, if the root fertilizer application is reduced, organic nutrition of the tree body is affected, flower and fruit falling is caused, a large number of spindly treetops are generated, the labor cost for trimming is further increased, and a large number of insect pests are easily bred in the fresh and tender branches of the spindly treetops, so that the pesticide cost is increased.
2. The trimming labor cost is increased by multiple times of trimming and girdling, the orchard environment is shaded if the trimming is reduced, the utilization rate of illumination is reduced, nutrients can be contended with flowers and fruits at the same time, the yield is influenced, the shaded orchard environment pesticide is difficult to disperse and coat, the soil is quickly rolled by insect pests, and the pesticide cost is further increased. If the ring cutting is reduced, flower and fruit fall are easily caused, and the yield is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
The invention also aims to provide a method for cultivating oranges at high efficiency and cost saving, which reduces the pumping and growth of summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots by a combination mode of applying root fertilizer once in the summer shoots and spraying leaf fertilizers at different growth periods within one year, thereby reducing the labor cost of root fertilizer application, being beneficial to flower and fruit protection, and avoiding environmental cutting and few pruning; the reduction of the sprouting and the growth of summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots provides favorable conditions for the uniform pruning before flowers bloom in 10 months to 2 months next year, and further contributes to the avoidance of fruit whitewashing. The method for cultivating the citrus reduces labor cost and agricultural input cost, and can ensure yield.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, a method for cost-effective citrus cultivation is provided, which comprises:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: bud picking is carried out once in the spring shoot sprouting period every year, excessive flower buds are removed to leave fruiting flower buds, a plurality of flower-free spring shoots are reserved and cultured to be fruiting parent branches in the next year;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, applying root fertilizer once within 20 days after flowers are withered every year; the spraying of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying a leaf fertilizer in the spring shoot period to promote flowers, strengthen the flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring shoots; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the bud differentiation of the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn and winter shoots;
the pruning method comprises the following steps: and uniformly pruning useless shoots once before flowers bloom in 10 months to 2 months next year.
Preferably, the plurality of the spring shoots are retained based on the basis that 1 to 3 small shoots are retained, 1 to 4 strong shoots are retained, and the rest are removed according to the size of the base shoots, so that the nutrients are intensively supplied to the retained flower buds and the retained spring shoots.
Preferably, the method for applying the root fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly scattering the root fertilizer under the tree crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after applying the fertilizer and uniformly mixing the fertilizer, the weeds and the dry branches and fallen leaves in the soil, wherein the rotary tillage position is at least 0.5 m away from the base of the tree head, the turning area accounts for 40-60% of an orchard, the depth is 20-35 cm, and then the orchard is covered by ground cloth.
Preferably, the amount of the root fertilizer applied is calculated as the yield: applying 1.0-3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.5-2.5 kg of peanut bran, 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.0-2.0 kg of lime powder, 0.01-0.15 kg of yeast paste and 0.1-0.2 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to each 50kg of plants produced.
Preferably, the root system repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 89-91 parts of waste honey liquid, 8-10 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast and 0.2-0.3 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns; the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94-95 parts of waste honey liquid, 3-4 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.1 parts of choline chloride, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-0.3 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of goat horn ash and 10-12 parts of humectant, wherein the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 180 times and is 200 times when being sprayed.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the spring tip period, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the spring tip period when the flower buds are extracted and before the flower buds are smeared, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods;
the foliar fertilizer is sprayed when the flower buds are extracted in the spring tip stage and before the flower buds are smeared, and specifically comprises the following components: under the condition of little or no flower, spraying foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of the foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the foliar fertilizer once again 5-7 days after spraying;
the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods, and specifically comprises the following components: under the condition of large flower quantity, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when spring young leaves are unfolded; and under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times when the spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm, and spraying for 2 times every 5-7 days.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer sprayed in the summer tip period is as follows: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once after 5 days, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed twice when the summer shoots appear white.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in autumn and winter shoots as follows: continuously spraying the foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer twice every 7 to 10 days; and if the temperature is high in winter, or rainwater is excessive, or the tree vigor is vigorous, spraying the foliar fertilizer mixed solution with the foliar fertilizer and the paclobutrazol to the foliar fertilizer mixed solution, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 500-1000 ppm, and promoting the flower bud differentiation of the next year.
Preferably, the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light for fruits, and caring for bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
Preferably, the pruning method further comprises a quantified shoot, and the quantified shoot is characterized in that: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the method is beneficial to avoiding white coating and supporting of fruits in a mode that a plurality of flower-free spring shoots are cultured into mother branches for fruiting in the next year; the combination mode of applying root fertilizer once in the summer tip period and spraying leaf fertilizer in different growth periods in one year reduces the emergence and growth of the summer tip, the autumn tip and the winter tip, is favorable for flower and fruit retention, and avoids girdling and less pruning; the reduction of the sprouting and growth of summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots provides favorable conditions for the uniform pruning before flowers bloom in 10 months per year to 2 months next year, and is further favorable for avoiding the fruit from being whitened by combining with the fruiting inner chamber. The method for cultivating the citrus reduces labor cost and agricultural input cost. The specific analysis is as follows: fertilizing and nutrition managing the upper and lower parts of the tree body in spring shoot, summer shoot, autumn shoot and winter shoot stages (applying root fertilizer once in the summer shoot stage, spraying leaf fertilizer in different growth periods of the spring shoot, summer shoot, autumn shoot and winter shoot stage), inhibiting the vegetative growth of the tree body, promoting the reproductive growth of the tree body, culturing a plurality of flower-free spring shoots as the next-year fruiting mother branches, accelerating the maturity of the next-year fruiting mother branches, facilitating the fruiting inner chamber of the mother branches every year, promoting the retained fruiting buds to preserve flowers and fruits, reducing the emergence and growth of the summer shoot, autumn shoot and winter shoot, reducing the times of artificial tip wiping and pruning, avoiding the labor cost of girdling, realizing' applying root fertilizer once in one year, culturing the shoots once, pruning once, wiping the buds once, saving the agricultural investment for tip keeping, controlling the fruit, protecting the fruits and preventing and controlling pests, avoiding the loss possibly caused by technical operation errors such as girdling, and the cutting is carried out before flowers bloom in 10 months to 2 months next year, so that the fruit sunscald disease caused by pruning before autumn tips is avoided, and the fruits are prevented from being whitened. The method specifically comprises the following steps: spraying a foliar fertilizer when the flower buds are extracted in the spring shoot period, supplementing nutrition on the upper part of a tree body, weakening the physiological demand of the vegetative growth of oranges, promoting the reproductive growth of the tree body, removing excessive flower buds, culturing robust spring shoots as fruiting mother branches of the next year, and utilizing the fruiting inner chamber of the fruiting mother branches every year to avoid the fruits from being whitered and supported; the root fertilizer is applied once in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the lower part of the tree body, inhibit the summer tip from being pumped out to save the labor cost for controlling the tip, reduce the agricultural cost and the girdling operation generated by the insect killing, reduce the tree-shaped stagnation caused by the vigorous growth of the summer tip nutrition, reduce the photosynthesis efficiency and can not play the role of the bactericide, and reduce the physiological fruit drop caused by the vegetative growth of the summer tip. In the autumn tip period and the winter tip period, the grown spring tips, summer tips, autumn tips and winter tips are trimmed once after fruit picking, so that sunscald of fruits caused by trimming before the autumn tips is avoided, and the fruits are prevented from being whitened.
The invention reserves the basis of a plurality of flower-free spring shoots, so that the nutrition is supplied to the reserved flower buds and the reserved flower-free spring shoots more intensively, the fruit bearing inner chamber of the bearing mother branches is facilitated each year, and bearing branch support and fruit whitening are reduced.
Thirdly, the invention can avoid the input cost of drip irrigation and herbicide by fertilizing, rotary tillage and covering ground cloth, reduce the input cost of agricultural materials, construct the root nutrition regulation and control foundation and is beneficial to providing nutrition for the lower part of the tree body.
Fourthly, the root system repairing agent with the patent number of ZL 201510439687.3, peanut bran, potassium sulfate, lime powder, yeast cream and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are used as a root fertilizer, and a foliar fertilizer with the patent number of ZL 201510439697.7 is combined to be sprayed on the surfaces of citrus leaves, so that the effects of 'applying root fertilizer once, culturing tip once, pruning once and smearing once bud' within one year are better. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the root fertilizer increases soil organic matters, remodels and improves microbial flora, improves soil pH, satisfies the nutritional requirements of the lower part of the tree body, and simultaneously adopts rotary tillage fertilization to inhibit redundant root systems of surface soil, inhibit tip emergence in summer so as to save tip control and reduce the cost of agricultural materials generated by insect killing. The nutrition of the foliar fertilizer is combined, tree-shaped canopy closure caused by vigorous vegetative growth of summer shoots is reduced, the photosynthesis efficiency is reduced, the bactericide effect cannot be exerted, physiological fruit drop caused by vegetative growth of the summer shoots is reduced, flower growth is promoted, flowers are strengthened, flowers and fruits are preserved, and the yield is guaranteed. Further contributes to reducing labor cost and agricultural input cost and improving yield.
And fifthly, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed when the flower buds are extracted in the spring tip period and before the flower buds are smeared, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit dropping periods, so that the nutrition of leaves can be supplemented in time, the effects of promoting flowers, strengthening flowers, controlling the vegetative growth and the like can be achieved, the nutrition consumed by a tree body due to large blossoming can be supplemented in time, and the fruit setting is greatly improved to achieve the effect of pressing the tips with fruits. The foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the first physiological fruit drop period to supplement nutrition of leaves in time, the phenomenon of flower and fruit dropping caused by malnutrition of trees due to large amount of flowering and nutrition consumption is reduced, one-year fertilizer application and rotary tillage operation are carried out in the summer tip period, the second physiological fruit drop caused by vigorous growth of the summer tip is inhibited, girdling is avoided, and the influence of fruit dropping and tree body recession possibly caused by girdling is reduced. Further contributes to reducing labor cost and agricultural input cost and improving yield.
Sixth, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed when the amount of the withered flowers reaches 80-85%, the purpose of pressing the fruit tips is achieved, the fruit tips coexist when the summer tips are early pumped, and when the summer buds are exposed to white, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, so that the stable supply of nutrition requirements is met, the organic nutrition accumulation of the tree body is maintained at a high level, the concentration of the cell sap is improved, and the ring cutting in the summer tip period is avoided. Further contributes to reducing labor cost and agricultural input cost and improving yield.
By continuously spraying the foliar fertilizer twice in early winter at the end of autumn, the organic nutrient content of the tree body can be improved, the cell sap concentration can be improved, the bud differentiation of the next year can be promoted, the flower growth can be promoted, and the girdling in the autumn tip period can be avoided.
The method has the advantages that a plurality of flower-free spring shoots are reserved in the spring shoot period as the next-year fruiting mother branches, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the spring shoot period, so that the next-year fruiting mother branches are aged and strong, the fertilization and nutrition management of the upper and lower parts of the tree body are combined in each shoot period, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, the tree body nutrition growth is inhibited, the reproductive growth of the tree body is promoted, the quantitative tip retaining is combined, the fruiting of the next-year fruiting mother branches is avoided, the fruit bearing of the branches in the inner chamber is promoted, the purposes of avoiding support and coating, saving girdling, reducing pruning and the like are achieved, the labor and the materials are saved, the flower and the fruit retention are promoted, and the yield is improved. The purposes of simplifying cultivation, saving cost and improving efficiency are achieved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
< example 1>
A method for cultivating citrus at high cost comprises:
1) the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: and (3) smearing primary buds: the shoots are wiped off once in the spring shoot sprouting period every year, and excessive flower buds are wiped off to leave fruiting flower buds; culturing the primary shoot: reserving a plurality of spring shoots without flowers and culturing the spring shoots into mother branches with fruiting in the next year;
1.1) the basis for reserving the plurality of the floreless spring shoots is that 1 to 3 small branches are reserved according to the size of the base branch, 1 to 4 thick branches are not reserved, and the rest are removed, so that the nutrition is intensively supplied to the reserved flower buds and the reserved floreless spring shoots.
2) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, applying root fertilizer once within 20 days after flowers are withered every year; the spraying of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying a leaf fertilizer in the spring shoot period to promote flowers, strengthen the flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring shoots; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the bud differentiation of the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn and winter shoots;
2.1) the fertilizing amount of the root fertilizer is calculated as the yield: applying 3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 2.5kg of peanut bran, 1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 2.0 kg of lime powder, 0.15 kg of yeast paste and 0.2kg of dipotassium phosphate to each 50kg of plants produced;
2.2) the method for applying the root fertilizer is to uniformly spread the root fertilizer under the tree crown, turn over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after applying the fertilizer and uniformly mix the fertilizer, the weeds and the fallen leaves in the soil, the rotary tillage position is at least 0.5 m away from the base of the tree head, the area of the turning over accounts for about 50 percent of the orchard, the depth is 20-35 cm, and then the whole orchard is covered by ground cloth. According to the invention, through fertilizing, rotary tillage and covering the ground cloth, drip irrigation can be avoided, a root nutrition regulation and control foundation is constructed, nutrition is provided for the lower part of the tree body, meanwhile, the covering ground cloth is air-permeable, water-permeable and light-proof, the input of a herbicide can be reduced, and the competition of weeds and the tree body for nutrients is reduced.
2.3) the root system repairing agent is a root system repairing agent with the patent number of ZL 201510439687.3, and is specifically prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 89 parts by weight of waste honey liquid, 8 parts by weight of goat horn ash, 0.4 part by weight of microzyme and 0.2 part by weight of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns. The foliar fertilizer is a foliar fertilizer with the patent number of ZL 201510439697.7, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 180 times and is used for supplementing 200 times. The invention takes root system repairing agent with patent number ZL 201510439687.3, peanut bran, potassium sulfate, lime powder, yeast cream and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate as root fertilizer, and combines the application of foliar fertilizer with patent number ZL 201510439697.7 to spray citrus leaf surface, increase soil organic matter, remold and improve microbial flora, improve soil pH, satisfy the nutrition requirement of the lower part of tree body, simultaneously adopts rotary tillage fertilization to inhibit superfluous root system of surface soil, inhibit the growth of summer tips to save and control tips, reduce the agricultural cost generated by insect killing, reduce the tree-shaped stagnation caused by vigorous growth of the summer tips, reduce the photosynthesis efficiency and can not play the function of bactericide, reduce physiological fruit drop caused by the vegetative growth of the summer tips, promote blossom, strengthen blossom, protect blossom and protect fruit, ensure yield, on the other hand adopts ground cloth to cover after fertilization, creates air channel and water storage space, permeates water in rainy season to prevent soil from hardening, the temperature reduction in dry seasons can prevent the water in the soil from evaporating, and the combination of a shearing technology can increase the water utilization rate, prevent the water from evaporating and realize the drip irrigation and herbicide investment prevention. Further contributes to reducing labor cost and agricultural input cost and improving yield.
2.4) the spraying of the foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage comprises spraying the foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage when the flower buds are extracted and before the flower buds are smeared, and spraying the foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
2.41) the spraying of the foliar fertilizer during the sprouting period of the spring tip and before the flower bud smearing period is specifically as follows: under the condition of little or no flower, spraying foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of the foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the foliar fertilizer once again 5-7 days after spraying;
2.42) the spraying of the foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods is specifically as follows: under the condition of large flower quantity, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when spring young leaves are unfolded; and under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times when the spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm, and spraying for 2 times every 5-7 days.
According to the invention, by spraying the foliar fertilizer when the flower buds are extracted in the spring tip stage and before the flower buds are smeared and spraying the foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages, the nutrition of leaves can be supplemented in time, the effects of promoting flowers, strengthening flowers, controlling vegetative growth and the like are achieved, the nutrition consumed by a large amount of blossoms of trees can be supplemented in time, and the fruit setting is greatly improved to achieve the effect of pressing tips with fruits. The foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the first physiological fruit drop period to supplement nutrition of leaves in time, the phenomenon of flower and fruit dropping caused by malnutrition of trees due to large amount of flowering and nutrition consumption is reduced, one-year fertilizer application and rotary tillage operation are carried out in the summer tip period, the second physiological fruit drop caused by vigorous growth of the summer tip is inhibited, girdling is avoided, and the influence of fruit dropping and tree body recession possibly caused by girdling is reduced.
2.5) the foliar fertilizer sprayed in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following components: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once after 5 days, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed twice when the summer shoots appear white.
The foliar fertilizer is sprayed when the flowering withering reaches 80-85 percent, the purpose of fruit tip pressing is achieved, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed when the flowering withering is too early, the fruit tip coexistence can be achieved by spraying the foliar fertilizer when the summer buds are exposed to white, the stable supply of nutrition requirements is met, the organic nutrition accumulation of the tree body is maintained at a high level, the cell sap concentration is improved, and the ring cutting in the summer tip period is avoided.
2.6) the spraying of the foliar fertilizer in the autumn tip and winter tip period is specifically as follows: continuously spraying the foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer twice every 7 to 10 days; if the temperature is high in winter, or rainwater is excessive, or the tree vigor is vigorous, the foliar fertilizer mixed liquid added with the paclobutrazol is used for spraying, the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the foliar fertilizer mixed liquid is 500ppm, and the flower bud differentiation in the next year is promoted.
According to the invention, the foliar fertilizer is continuously sprayed twice in the early winter at the end of autumn, so that the organic nutrition content of a tree body can be increased, the cell sap concentration can be increased, the flower bud differentiation in the next year can be promoted, the flower growth can be promoted, and the girdling in the autumn tip period can be avoided.
3) The pruning method comprises the following steps: before flowers bloom in 10 months to 2 months next year, the useless shoots of the grown spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots are pruned uniformly once.
3.1) the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light on fruits, and caring inner bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
3.2) the pruning method further comprises a quantified pin-withholding standard that: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
According to the method, a plurality of floreless spring shoots are reserved in the spring shoot period as the next-year fruiting mother branches, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the spring shoot period, so that the next-year fruiting mother branches are aged and robust, the fertilization nutrition management of the upper part and the lower part of the tree body is combined in each shoot period, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, the nutrition growth of the tree body is inhibited, the reproductive growth of the tree body is promoted, the quantified shoot retention is combined, the fruiting epinasty of the next-year fruiting mother branches is avoided, the fruit bearing of branches in an inner chamber is promoted, the times of manual tip wiping and trimming are reduced, the girdling is avoided, the fruit sunscald disease caused by trimming before autumn shoots is avoided, and the fruits are free from whitening and supporting.
< example 2>
A cost effective method of growing citrus fruit is shown in example 1, with the exception that the root fertilizer composition is different in 2.1) and 2.3). The concrete difference is as follows: the root fertilizer is applied once within 20 days after the citrus is withered, and the fertilizing amount is as follows: 4.0 kg of decomposed poultry and livestock manure organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea and 0.2kg of monopotassium phosphate are applied to the plants (per 50kg of plant yield).
< example 3>
A cost-effective method for cultivating citrus fruit is shown in example 1, with the difference that 2.2) is different in the way of applying root fertilizer. The concrete difference is as follows: digging an annular ditch with the depth and width of 15-30cm at 10-25cm of the periphery of the crown, applying fertilizer into the ditch to mix with matrix soil, covering soil, and paving drip irrigation equipment on the ground.
< example 4>
A cost-effective method for cultivating citrus fruit is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is 2.3) the foliar fertilizer component. The different foliar fertilizers are commercially available foliar fertilizers containing amino acids.
< comparative example 1>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in example 1, wherein the differences are 2) the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer is different, and the time for applying the root fertilizer and the components of the root fertilizer are different. The spraying of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: and the foliar fertilizer is only sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods and is sprayed in the summer tip period. The root fertilizer application time and the corresponding root fertilizer components are as follows: applying fertilizers once every two months from middle and last 3 months to twice in total, wherein the fertilizing amount is calculated by 50kg of fruits, 0.5-1.5kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1; applying quick-acting fertilizer in 6-7 months; applying the root fertilizer of the example 1 to the fruiting body of the fruit in 7-8 months; in 11-12 months, 2-2.5kg of decomposed manure organic fertilizer, 0.5-2kg of potassium fertilizer and 0.1-0.3kg of phosphate fertilizer are used as winter fertilizer.
< comparative example 2>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that 2) the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer is different, and specifically: the foliar fertilizer is only sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit dropping periods.
< comparative example 3>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer in the step 2) is different, the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer in the comparative example 3 is to spray the foliar fertilizer once every 7 days in the summer tip period, the spraying time is selected before 10 am, the phytotoxicity is avoided, meanwhile, the foliar fertilizer is prevented from being sprayed to young fruits so as to avoid fruit dropping, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed to a bare branch in the autumn tip period, and the foliar fertilizer is not sprayed to spring tips and winter tips.
< comparative example 4>
A method for cultivating citrus fruit is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that the time for applying root fertilizer in 2) is different, and the composition of the root fertilizer in 2.1) and 2.3) is different. The specific differences of comparative example 4 are: fertilizing once in the middle and last 3 months of the second month to twice in total, wherein the fertilizing amount is calculated by 50kg of fruit yield, 1.5kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1; applying quick-acting fertilizer in 6-7 months; fertilizing the fruit trees in 7-8 months 10-25 days before the early autumn shoots germinate, wherein the fertilizing amount is calculated by 50kg of fruit production, 1.5kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1, 2-2.5kg of decomposed manure organic fertilizer; 2.5kg of decomposed manure organic fertilizer, 2kg of potassium fertilizer and 0.3kg of phosphate fertilizer are used as winter fertilizers in 11-12 months.
< comparative example 5>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in example 1, except that 1) a plurality of flower-free spring shoots are not retained as the next-year fruiting mother branches, and comparative example 5 retains autumn shoots as the next-year fruiting mother branches.
< comparative example 6>
A method for cultivating citrus is a conventional method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1-3 months: fertilizing once in the middle and last 3 months of the second month to twice in total, wherein the fertilizing amount is calculated by 50kg of fruit yield, 1.5kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1. the fertilizing method comprises digging an annular ditch with depth and width of 15-30cm at 10-25cm of the periphery of the crown, applying fertilizer into the ditch, mixing with matrix soil, and covering with soil.
And 3-4 months: in the spring shoot period, the buds at the top of the crown of the tree are cut off, and the un-bloomed spring shoots are removed.
And 5-7 months: the flower and fruit protection is noticed, the summer shoots need to be erased once every 3-5 days, for serious overgrown branches, a 25% paclobutrazol suspension is sprayed on the leaf surfaces by 1000 times, the paclobutrazol suspension is sprayed once every 7 days, the spraying time is selected before 10 am, the phytotoxicity is avoided, meanwhile, the paclobutrazol suspension is prevented from being sprayed on young fruits to avoid fruit drop, and insect-resistant or bactericidal drugs are required to be added to prevent and treat diseases such as citrus red spider, thrips, canker and the like under general conditions;
and 5-7 months: the tree is needed to be girdled in the summer.
6-7 months: applying quick-acting fertilizer, and simultaneously wiping out irregular and sporadic tender shoots every 3-5 days.
And 7-8 months: applying fertilizer to the fruit trees 10-25 days before the early autumn shoots germinate, wherein the fertilizer application amount is calculated by 50kg of fruit yield, 1.5kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.4: 1, 2.5kg of decomposed manure organic fertilizer. The fertilizing method comprises digging annular ditch with depth and width of 15-30cm at 10-25cm of crown periphery, applying fertilizer in the ditch, mixing with matrix soil, and covering with soil.
And 7-8 months: the vain-growing summer shoots and autumn shoots which are grown vigorously and not bearing fruits are subtracted.
And 7-8 months: uniformly placing autumn shoots, twisting the vertical shoots to promote aging and turning the leaf surfaces to green, and spraying 25% paclobutrazol suspension 1400 times on the bare-rooted shoots. In the tip-releasing period of different stages, insect prevention and disease resistance work is required to be done, so that the nutrition consumption caused by insect diseases is prevented, and the yield is prevented from being influenced.
9-10 months: and (5) shaping and pruning, and removing the overgrown branches and the closed branches.
And (5) for 11-12 months: a method for fertilizing winter fertilizers by using 2.5kg of decomposed manure organic fertilizer, 2kg of potassium fertilizer and 0.3kg of phosphate fertilizer comprises the steps of digging an annular ditch with the depth and width of 15-30cm at the periphery of a crown, applying the fertilizers into the ditch to mix with matrix soil, and covering soil.
< comparative experiment of the Citrus cultivation methods of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6 >
Taking the Or entering the rich fruit period for 4 years planted in a certain production area to perform experiments, wherein the soil water content, the fertility, the pH value and the terrain of the experimental plot are the same, the planting years and the tree vigor are similar, the experiment plot is randomly divided into 10 groups, each group occupies 1 mu in examples 1-4, each group occupies 0.5 mu in comparative examples 1-6, 107 Wo oranges in 100 plus materials are planted per mu, and each group is cultivated and managed according to the corresponding cultivation methods of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-6. The fruiting plant rate, average single plant yield, reduced yield per mu, economic index of agricultural input cost, average pruning times of each plant, growth condition of 1 year of cultivation and additional labor in the second year after the treatment are measured and shown in table 1; measuring the cost of the average pesticide, fertilizer and fertilizer for each plant as the agricultural material; additional labor was determined to be needed for over 5 plants to be fruit whitened, supported, girdled, etc.
Cultivation method of example 1: after the spring shoots are left, the leaf surfaces are aged quickly, the organic nutrition accumulation is high, fruiting mother branches are strong, summer shoots are less in emergence, only a few thin and weak branches are grown in the autumn shoot period, the tree vigor is strong and transparent, the fruiting inner chamber proportion in the second year is increased, and the work of trimming, whitening and supporting is reduced.
Example 2 is a cultivation method using conventional root fertilizer: the spring shoots can be aged quickly by spraying the foliar fertilizer, but the root fertilizer is not enough in fertilization nutrition and is not easy to absorb, the cost of tip wiping and tip control in the summer shoot period is increased by the shoot sprouting in summer, part of the shoots needs additional girdling, the nutrition accumulation of the spring shoots is influenced, part of the plants with weak tree vigor are sprouting in the autumn shoot period, and the robustness of the resulting mother branches is inferior to that of the example 1.
Example 3 is a cultivation method using a conventional root fertilizer application method: the spring shoots can be aged quickly by spraying the foliar fertilizer, but the root fertilizer application modes are different, the water and fertilizer retention effects are poor, the irrigation cost and the herbicide cost are increased, the nutrition of the root fertilizer application is insufficient, the growth of weeds compete for the nutrients of the tree body, the cost of tip wiping and tip control in the tip period of summer is increased by the small amount of tip pumping in summer, the nutrition accumulation of the spring shoots is influenced, a small amount of plants with weaker tree vigor are pumped in the tip period of autumn, and the robustness of the mother branches is inferior to that in example 1.
Example 4 is a cultivation method using a conventional foliar fertilizer: the spring tips sprayed with the foliar fertilizer are aged more slowly than that in the embodiment 1, the summer tips and the autumn tips are extracted more, the trimming cost is increased, more insect pests are caused than that in the embodiment 1, the insect killing cost is additionally increased, partial physiological fruit dropping is caused in the summer tips, and the tip control, tip protection and insect prevention cost is increased.
Table 1:
the long-term cultivation statistical data from table 1 show that:
< example 1> the root fertilizer is prepared by applying root fertilizer once, cultivating the tip once, pruning once, and wiping the bud once, and simultaneously applying the root fertilizer which is composed of the root system repairing agent with the patent number of ZL 201510439687.3, peanut bran, potassium sulfate, lime powder, yeast cream and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and the foliar fertilizer with the patent number of ZL 201510439697.7 is applied corresponding to different growth periods. Spring shoots are aged quickly, summer shoots and autumn shoots are less in sprouting, the ratio of fruit bearing bores in the second year is increased, the yield is high, the investment of agricultural cost is minimum, the average pruning frequency of each plant is low, and fruits of each plant are free from whitewashing, supporting and girdling.
< example 2> the conventional root fertilizer components were used, so that the number of shoots was increased in summer and autumn, the pruning cost was increased, and the yield was reduced.
< example 3> the root fertilizer is used for ditching, fertilizing and earthing, watering and drip irrigation are carried out according to needs, the cost requirement of ground laying drip irrigation equipment is increased, in addition, a little more shoots are generated in summer and autumn, trimming is increased, the irrigation cost and the herbicide cost are increased, the yield is reduced, and a small amount of fruits need to be supported.
< example 4> the leaf fertilizer containing amino acid is commercially available, and has the advantages of more shoots in summer and autumn, ring cutting, less flower buds and low yield.
< comparative example 1> the root fertilizer is applied for a plurality of times, and the root fertilizer applied in the invention is also applied in the summer tip period, the foliar fertilizer is only sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods and the foliar fertilizer applied in the invention is sprayed in the summer tip period, the yield is low, the flower quantity is less, the number of autumn tips is large, the girdling is carried out in the autumn tip period, and the pruning is increased.
And compared example 2, when the root fertilizer applied by the invention is applied once, the foliar fertilizer is only sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods, the yield is reduced, the flower quantity is less, more summer shoots and more autumn shoots are generated, and girdling is carried out in the summer shoot period and the autumn shoot period, so that trimming and result extension are increased.
< comparative example 3> the foliar fertilizer applied by the invention is sprayed only in the summer tip period in a conventional mode, the yield is reduced, the flower buds are few, more summer tips and more autumn tips are generated, girdling is carried out in the summer tip period and the autumn tip period, pruning is increased, and the result is extensive.
< comparative example 4> applying conventional root fertilizer many times, more spring shoots in summer than in autumn, additional pruning in the spring shoot period in summer and in autumn, increased fertilizer application cost, and good yield.
< comparative example 5> the cultivation and induction results are different from the mother branches, the results are extensive, the induction effect of the mother branches is not ideal, the yield is low, and the work of supporting and whitewashing is increased.
< comparative example 6> the conventional cultivation method has a low yield and a large workload.
The invention is beneficial to avoiding whitening, supporting and bearing inner chamber of the fruit by leaving the bearing mother branch in the next year; the root system repairing agent with the patent number of ZL 201510439687.3, peanut bran, potassium sulfate, lime powder, yeast cream and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are used as a root fertilizer, a foliar fertilizer with the patent number of ZL 201510439697.7 is applied to orange leaf surfaces in a combined mode of applying the root fertilizer once in the summer tip period and spraying the foliar fertilizers in different growth periods in one year, the emergence and growth of the summer tip, the autumn tip and the winter tip are reduced, the flower and fruit retention is facilitated, and the environment-friendly cutting and less pruning are avoided; the reduction of the sprouting and the growth of the summer shoots, the autumn shoots and the winter shoots provides favorable conditions for pruning before flowers bloom in 10 months to 2 months next year, and the combination of the fruiting inner chamber is further favorable for avoiding the fruit from being whitened, the rings are buckled with each other and are mutually related and promoted, so that the outstanding effects of simplifying cultivation, saving cost and improving efficiency are finally realized.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating citrus at high efficiency and low cost is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: bud picking is carried out once in the spring shoot sprouting period every year, excessive flower buds are removed to leave fruiting flower buds, a plurality of flower-free spring shoots are reserved and cultured to be fruiting parent branches in the next year; wherein, the basis for reserving the plurality of the spring shoots is that 1-3 small branches are reserved according to the size of the base branch, 1-4 thick branches are reserved, and the rest are wiped off, so that the nutrition is intensively supplied to the reserved flower buds and the reserved spring shoots;
the fertilizing method comprises the following steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer:
the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: in the summer tip period, root fertilizer is applied once within 20 days after flowers are withered every year, the method for applying the root fertilizer is that the root fertilizer is uniformly scattered under a tree crown, the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves are turned over and uniformly mixed in soil after the fertilizer is applied, the distance between the rotary tillage position and the base of a tree head is at least 0.5 m, the turning area accounts for 40-60% of an orchard, the depth is 20-35 cm, and the orchard is covered by ground cloth; wherein the fertilizing amount of the root fertilizer is calculated as the yield: applying 1.0-3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.5-2.5 kg of peanut bran, 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.0-2.0 kg of lime powder, 0.01-0.15 kg of yeast paste and 0.1-0.2 kg of dipotassium phosphate to each 50kg of plants produced; the root system repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 89-91 parts of waste honey liquid, 8-10 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast and 0.2-0.3 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns;
the spraying of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying a leaf fertilizer in the spring shoot period to promote flowers, strengthen the flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring shoots; spraying a leaf fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the bud differentiation of the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn and winter shoots; the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94-95 parts of waste honey liquid, 3-4 parts of amino acid, 0.8-1.1 parts of choline chloride, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 0.2-0.3 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of goat horn ash and 10-12 parts of humectant, wherein when the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 180 times and is 200 times;
the spraying of the foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage comprises spraying the foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage when the flower buds are extracted and before the flower buds are smeared, and spraying the foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
the foliar fertilizer is sprayed when the flower buds are extracted in the spring tip stage and before the flower buds are wiped: under the condition of little or no flower, spraying foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of the foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the foliar fertilizer once again 5-7 days after spraying;
the foliar fertilizer sprayed in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods is specifically as follows: under the condition of large flower quantity, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when spring young leaves are unfolded; under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times when the spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm, and spraying for 2 times every 5-7 days;
the pruning method comprises the following steps: and uniformly pruning useless shoots once before flowers bloom in 10 months to 2 months next year.
2. The method for cultivating the citrus at high efficiency and low cost according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the summer tip stage and specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once after 5 days, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and the foliar fertilizer can be sprayed twice when the summer shoots appear white.
3. The method for cultivating the citrus at high efficiency and low cost according to claim 2, wherein the spraying of the foliar fertilizer at the autumn tip and the winter tip is specifically as follows: continuously spraying the foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer twice every 7 to 10 days; and if the temperature is high in winter, or rainwater is excessive, or the tree vigor is vigorous, spraying the foliar fertilizer mixed solution with the foliar fertilizer and the paclobutrazol to the foliar fertilizer mixed solution, wherein the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 500-1000 ppm, and promoting the flower bud differentiation of the next year.
4. The method for cultivating citrus fruits according to claim 3, wherein the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct strong light, caring for bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
5. A method of efficient cost-effective cultivation of citrus fruit according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the pruning method further comprises quantification of shoots, said quantification of shoots being based on the criteria: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
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| CN113711832A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-30 | 永州市农业科学研究所 | Method for pruning and protecting flowers and fruits in flowering period of citrus young trees |
| CN113906949A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-11 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method for controlling tips and increasing sugar of oranges |
| CN114097513A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 眉山职业技术学院 | Method for improving citrus fruit setting by using triple early technology |
| CN114667884A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-06-28 | 广西南宁宇花灵科技发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for reducing generation of dead fruits and large and small fruits in fertile fruit period of mandarin orange |
| CN114916366B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-06-20 | 广西宇花灵科技发展有限公司 | Method for improving freezing resistance and cold resistance of citrus unshiu tree system in fruiting period |
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