CN108476843A - A kind of cultural method that August is fried - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method that August is fried Download PDFInfo
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- CN108476843A CN108476843A CN201810156037.1A CN201810156037A CN108476843A CN 108476843 A CN108476843 A CN 108476843A CN 201810156037 A CN201810156037 A CN 201810156037A CN 108476843 A CN108476843 A CN 108476843A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of cultivation, disclose a kind of cultural method that August is fried, select leeward face south, the mountainous region of level land or the gradient less than 15 ° or hilly ground, soil pH value 6.5~7.5, the content of organic matter are not less than 1%, and level of ground water is less than the sandy loam or loam of 1m;Carry out field construction;Plant:Variety selection, seedling quality selection, planting generation selection, planting density are selected and are transplanted;Pruning:Tree-like trimming, shaping, trimming;Flower and fruit management:Flower thinning sequence, fruit retention, fruit thinning, determines fruit, bagging, harvesting at flower thinning;Soil fertilizer and water management:Soil management, fertilising, water management;The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The present invention increases wild resource investigation, and selection and breeding lack the excellent strain of seed without seed;Develop fried serial converted products in August and health product;It works out domestic first August and fries artificial cultivation technique regulation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fried cultural methods of technical field of cultivation more particularly to a kind of August.
Background technology
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
At present in the Northwest, it is fried that people want to eat August, can only go in mountain to pick a small amount of fruit to season and eat, in mountain
Wild fruit low output, seed is more, is not easy to pick.
In the world according to fruit cultivation history and development and utilization level, fruit is divided into the first generation (1G), the second generation
(2G), the third generation (3G).First generation fruit:The traditional fruit of artificially breeding cultivation, cultivation history is generally all in the centuries or thousand
Year or more.Main species have:Pears, peach, grape, apple, citrus etc..Second generation fruit:The open country of modern age artificial cultivation newly developed
Raw mountain fruit.Main species have:Kiwi berry, strawberry, hawthorn, winter jujube and fig etc..Third generation fruit:It is distributed in deserted mountain forest zone,
The mountain fruit being not yet exploited in wild state and some excellent special fruit newly developed.It is exactly briefly wild, Gao Ying
" integration of drinking and medicinal herbs " fruit but also with pharmacological function is supported, main species have:Blueberry, raspberry, August be fried, blackberry, blueberry, fruit mulberry, Rosa roxburghii Tratt,
Sea-buckthorn, calcium fruit (Europe Lee) etc..Modern science proves that third generation fruit nutrition value is that the hundred times of preceding two generations fruit are even thousands of
Times, while also having the function of important ornamental, medicinal, fragrance, grease and water and soil conservation, supply falls short of demand for international market.Nutrition
It is worth height, integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, price height, therefore plant and develop third generation fruit to become the new trend of 21 century fruit development.By
In being chronically at wild or semi-wild state, breed breeding, volume increase, improve fruit diameter, promoted mouthfeel, medicine-food two-purpose converted products and
Health products are developed into the hot spot of scientific research.
Fried August is the ripening fruits of Lardizabalaceae Three Akebia Decne Species akebi, threeleaf akebia, akebia trifoliata varaustralis plant, is commonly called as August
Melon, September is fried, the native banana in the north, wild banana, melon any of several broadleaf plants, silk tree fruit, Chinese kidney fruit, dog kidney etc., akebi Akebia Fruit is claimed in Chinese medicine.
The wild resource whole world only has China and Japan's distribution.Threeleaf akebia fruity sweet tea, sliding tender, giving off a strong fragrance, are superior edible wild fruit, belong to
3rd generation fruit of focus development.Japanese expert succeeds through cultivating improvement artificial growth for many years, more than 10 excellent product of selection and breeding
Kind, Japan Yamagata Prefecture more than 300 mu of artificial cultivation becomes most characteristic one of the fruit of Japan;China's artificial cultivation is in just
Stage beginning, Sichuan, Hunan, zhejiang and other places have a small amount of artificial cultivation, and the current cultivated area in Sichuan Province Shimian County is larger, builds up August
Fried fruit tea production line becomes local farmers and shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity new lover, the base Sichuan Agricultural University is relied on to set up asbestos Stauntonia latifolia
Research center;The Xi'an wild fruit tree research institute of honey in August builds up domestic highest standard August in Hu County honey garden fried home farm in August
Fried 50 mu of artificial cultivation Demonstration Base is that northwest is maximum.In recent years, it fries fresh fruit August and is up to 1000-1500 thousand per 667m2 yield
Gram, it guarantees the minimum (50 yuan of actual selling price) based on 24 yuan/kilogram of valence by minimum market, per ten thousand yuan of 667m2 output values 2-5, and high-grade gift valence
180 yuan/kilogram, 70 yuan/kilogram of international export valence.Stauntonia latifolia fruit tea product per kilogram can sell for 500-1000 members or so.It is other
August fries functional product benefit higher.As third generation fruit, medicine-food two-purpose function outstanding is by governments at all levels, scientific research machine
Structure, enterprise, orchard worker and the attention of consumer.
On September 20th, 2017, Xi'an fruit industry Technique Popularizing center, Xi'an bureau of agriculture of area of Hu cities sponsor, Xi'an Hu
Area of city agricultural technology extension center is undertaken, and fries home farm in Hu County honey garden August, the Xi'an wild fruit tree research institute of honey in August does jointly
's《It fries Demonstration Base in Xi'an third generation fruit development display scene meeting and August and holds garden ceremony》In my Xi'an area of Hu cities eight
The moon, fried Demonstration Base was held, and the media such as agricultural satellite TV, Shaanxi Province's daily paper, Xi'an daily paper, central Shanxi plain Urban Newspaper are reported.
On September 21st, 2017, Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province sponsors, and Shaanxi Tech Univ undertakes, and August is fried family's agriculture in Hu County honey garden
Field, the Xi'an wild fruit tree research institute of honey in August do jointly《Third generation fruit fries industry development seminar August》In my Xi'an Hu
Area of city fries Demonstration Base August and holds.Current seminar has invited the country to be engaged in, and to fry research, product development, Demonstration And Extension August special
Family professor participates in, and director Ji Feng, Shaanxi Tech Univ Li Zhijian vice-presidents arrive guidance at woods dawn vice-chief, rural science and technology.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
August of existing cultivation is fried not to bloom or result economic benefit is not low, low output, and seed is more;Not by wild fruit in mountain
By being tamed for a long time as the fruit that Plain crop field is generally planted outside mountain, result or cannot not improved in mouthfeel.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
It fries seed the August of the present invention and contains grease 40%, be 2 times of soybean grease content, wherein linoleic acid content is up to
22.64%, it is a kind of potential oil resource.It is all precious to fry whole body August, and whole body can be applied, and there is no any environment to ask
Topic.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides the cultural methods that a kind of August fries.
The invention is realized in this way the cultural method that a kind of August is fried, including:
Plant:Variety selection, seedling quality selection, planting generation selection, planting density are selected and are transplanted;
Pruning:Tree-like trimming, shaping, trimming;
Flower and fruit management:Flower thinning sequence, fruit retention, fruit thinning, determines fruit, bagging, harvesting at flower thinning;
Soil fertilizer and water management:Soil management, fertilising, water management;
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Further, the cultural method that August fries further includes building well;It specifically includes:
Field selects:Select it is leeward on the sunny side, the mountainous region of level land or the gradient less than 15o or hilly ground, soil pH value 6.5~
7.5, the content of organic matter is not less than 1%, and level of ground water is less than the sandy loam or loam of 1m;
Carry out field construction.
Further, plant specifically includes:
Variety selection:
Select it is wild or introduce suitable local condition, appearance is beautiful, flavor is sweet, edible rate be more than 50%, single fruit weight
Few seed improved seeds more than 200 grams;Pollinated variety and different ripening stages variety matching, the ratio that is equipped with are 8~10:1;
Seedling quality selects:
The raw vegetative propagation nursery stocks of 1-2 or grafting of growing directly from seeds, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, 10-20 centimetres of main root length,
Lateral root is complete, and seedling height is not less than 40cm;
Planting generation selects:
Autumn plants late November late October-, spring planting late Febuary-mid-March;
Planting density selects:
Seeding row spacing 1.3m × 2.5m;
Method for planting:
It levels land before cultivation, go the wide ridge of high 30cm-40cm, width 1m in field planting, digging width 0.5m, depth 0.6m on the face of ridge
Planting furrow, bottom of trench is pressed into 25cm thickness stalk and weeds, applies 3000kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, and calcium superphosphate 250kg, carbon is added
Ammonium 150kg is mixed with soil and is filled and led up planting furrow, is poured water to sink and is waited planting in fact;Injured root system is first trimmed when plant, is digged pit on planting furrow;It plants
After tread, pour water, cover mulch;
Fixed bamboo pole:
Every plant of tree is other to insert one 2 meters of bamboo poles, and top is fixed on warp, and induction fried young sprout in August is climbed up by holding on to upwards, vertical growth
To frame face height.
Further, pruning specifically includes:
Tree-like trimming:Using single main stem restocking, two lateral bines are stayed close to the position in frame face in main stem, respectively along centre frame
Silk vertical row stretches to the left and right, stays a result mother climing every 50cm on lateral bine, and mother is climing to be fixed on in parallel on frame silk with row;Often
Strain 5 result mothers of frame are climing, above raw bearing basal shoot;
Pruning:Including:
Main stem is cultivated, after seedling planting, with bamboo, waddy or rope, which draw, to be tied up;1 sturdy bud is selected and remain when sending out sprouting to cultivate
Main stem, remaining bud of erasing;New climing first time pinching when growing to 1 meter high, climing second of pinching when growing to frame top, promotes axillary bud to sprout
Hair;Late August, every the new climing of growth of erasing in 5 days;
Lateral bine is cultivated, lateral bine is cultivated close near the main stem of frame top, selecting 2-3 sturdy new climing choosings;Lateral bine often grows 0.5 meter
Pinching is primary, select 2-3 it is sturdy it is new it is climing draw tie up warp to cultivate result mother climing;
It is climing to cultivate result mother, it is fixed climing by bud picking, it selects and remain 1 in female climing every 15 centimetres of result and new climing is trained result
It is climing, by bud picking and pinching, form the fruiting vine group being evenly distributed;
Culture preparation is climing, and it is climing to give over to preparation in strong climing of the low middle position growth of lateral bine.
Trimming:Carry out winter pruning, summer pruning.
Further, flower and fruit management includes:
Flower thinning sequence:After rudiment, trunk, the cripetura fruitful branch in main stem are removed, to the fruitful branch on lateral bine according to Dan Zhidan
The principle of sequence dredges and removes extra inflorescence, dredges and removes pure female flower, pure male flower inflorescence and more than female flower mixed inflorescence more than 3;It removes and is more than 5 years
Raw cripetura fruitful branch retains the raw cripetura fruitful branches of 2-4;Flower thinning:Remove part male inflorescence before spending, female flower retain 2 to it is raw from
Raw carpel, remaining is removed;
Fruit retention, fruit thinning determine fruit, bagging, harvesting.
Further, soil fertilizer and water management specifically includes soil management, including:
It ploughs deeply and improves the soil, intertills, setting disk covering and bury grass, interrow crop and inter-row green covering;
Fertilising:Application Ratio N: P: K 5: 3: 4;
Fertilization time, method and quantity:It is applied after base manure fruit harvesting to before falling leaves, every plant of basal dressing of dose treelet
10kg~20kg, bearing-age tree 30kg~45kg apply 4000kg~5000kg farm manures per acre;Method of administration is ditch spread;
Top dressing:Period:For the first time before rudiment, nitrogen fertilizer application;Nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer is applied to young fruit expanding stage after bearing fruit for the second time,
N P and K is used in mixed way, while spraying some trace elements;Third time is in the slow Later growth of fruit, potassium application;4th time
1 week after fruit picking, nitrogen fertilizer application;Last time top dressing carried out before away from 30 days fruit harvesting phases;Dose:Every plant imposes 0.5kg
~1kg;
Carry out foliage application;
Carry out water management.
Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes:
Biological control, physical control, chemical prevention.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of August that the cultural method fried using the August is cultivated is fried.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are:
Fry high financial profit the August that the present invention cultivates, yield is high;Selection and breeding are suitble to the specific breed eaten raw and processed.With the Qin
Bashan Mountain area is core, is generally investigated wild " August fried " resource, selection with thin skin, seed is few, edible part is more, do not crack
The wild varieties of feature are transplanted in garden, observe growth characteristic, are stablized to properties, and shape shows unique product
Kind is grafted, selection and breeding " August is fried " improved seeds.No seed or few seed " August is fried " fresh fruit are obtained using the present invention.It increases wild
Resource investigation, selection and breeding lack the excellent strain of seed without seed;Develop fried serial converted products in August and health product.It is fried to work out domestic first August
Artificial cultivation technique regulation.
It is expected that economic benefit:
" August is fried " is a kind of Wild fruit resources, and amino acid content especially lysine content is higher than other fruit, is
A kind of fruit that nutritive value is high." August is fried " current year transplants, and next year, per mu yield reached reachable as a result, 4~5 years enter the best fruiting period
3000kg, currently, the spot price of commodity " August is fried " is 50 yuan/kg or so, the income from sales of " August is fried " is per acre:3000kg
× 50 yuan/kg150000 members, " August is fried " is substantially similar to Kiwifruit Culture, and input totle drilling cost per mu is 5000 yuan, wherein
4000 yuan of production cost, accounts for 92%;1000 yuan 8% of cost of land.Production cost is deducted, the productivity effect of " August is fried " is:
150000 yuan -5000 yuan=145000 yuan.With the exploitation of serial converted products, the economic benefit that August fries can more significantly.
Expected social benefit:
" August is fried " is a kind of wild fruit, its exploitation is greatly enriched fruit variety, meets the different need of people
It asks, effectively alleviates the generation for producing " hindering farming part " for bringing because apple, citrus, grape, Kiwi berry etc. are unordered.In recent years
Come, continuous due to labor cost is risen, and Production of fruit cost increases year by year, and profit margin is smaller and smaller, by international fruit
The influence of price causes price to repeated less than the phenomenon that cost price.The research and development and production of " August is fried " are to agricultural industry cloth
Office, adjustment etc. have certain meaning.
It is expected that environmental benefit:
" August is fried " whole body is all precious, and the twig of trimming is the primary raw material for preparing " akebi ", and cull fruit is processing " August
It is fried " primary raw material of fruit tea, contain a large amount of pectin in pericarp, is the optimum feed stock for preparing pectic acid bismuth, pectic acid bismuth is a kind of
Treat the good medicine of disease of stomach." August is fried " seed contains grease 40%, is 2 times of soybean grease content, wherein linoleic acid content
Up to 22.64%, it is a kind of potential oil resource." August is fried " whole body is all precious, and whole body can be applied, and any ring is not present
Border problem.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention implements fried cultural method flow chart in the August provided.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, the cultural method that August provided in an embodiment of the present invention fries includes the following steps:
S101:Building well;It specifically includes:Field selects:Select it is leeward on the sunny side, level land or the gradient are less than the mountainous region or mound of 15o
Mound, soil pH value 6.5~7.5, the content of organic matter is not less than 1%, and level of ground water is less than the sandy loam or loam of 1m;Carry out garden
Ground construction;
S102:Plant:Variety selection, seedling quality selection, planting generation selection, planting density are selected and are transplanted;
S103:Pruning:Tree-like trimming, shaping, trimming;
S104:Flower and fruit management:Flower thinning sequence, fruit retention, fruit thinning, determines fruit, bagging, harvesting at flower thinning;
S105:Soil fertilizer and water management:Soil management, fertilising, water management;
S106:The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
With reference to concrete analysis, the invention will be further described.
1. practice processes condition:
(1), carried out and fried wild resource investigation August.Since 2005, the Xi'an wild institute of fruit tree research institute of honey in August
Long Yang Xuanzheng, the third generation fruit Wild ornamental resources that affiliated Qinling North-Mountain is carried out based on frying August in Xi'an are investigated, base
Originally fried distribution and resource category quantity in Xi'an wild August has been found out, it is fried to build up August for wild fruit tree research institute in Xi'an
1, Wild ornamental resources garden.
(2), 4 Augusts are fried major clique in preliminary selection and breeding.Qin's treasured 1-No. 44 is selected in Hu County honey garden fried home farm in August
A August fries major clique, have precocious red skin kind, in ripe white skin kind, late-maturing purple kind etc., fresh variety is best in quality, market
Reaction is good, is worthy to be popularized.
2, with reference to specific experiment, the invention will be further described.
The present invention, which has carried out, fries artificial cultivation technique analysis August.Fried August in order to develop third generation fruit, August, honey was wild
Fruit wood research institute builds up the Northwest in Hu County honey garden fried home farm in August and fries manually first 50 mu of third generations fruit August
Demonstration Base is cultivated, carries out August and fries artificial domesticating cultivation engineering test.Meanwhile seminar also carried out August fry nursery stock it is numerous
Educate, building well, pruning, without the key technologies such as seed or few seed, fruit bagging, optimum harvest, water and fertilizer management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Research and demonstration preliminarily form and fry artificial cultivation technique regulation domestic first August.
(4), fried serial converted products exploitation in August has been carried out.On the basis of frying artificial cultivation experiment and demonstration August, warp
It after experimental study for many years, successfully develops and fries the series of products such as leaf tea, young tea leaves, fruit tea, fruit wine, seed oil August, in next step
Series product development work is taken a firm foundation.
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
3. the fruit of Lardizabalaceae Three Akebia Decne Species threeleaf akebia, because after its lunar calendar August maturation from dorsal suture from split due to
It gains the name.
3.2
From raw carpel
The female flower of threeleaf akebia is respectively formed single gynoecium and common raw one by 2 or 2 or more carpels (ovary)
On a holder, such carpel is known as from raw carpel.
3.3
Stolon
The adventitious bud of threeleaf akebia rhizome portion sprout to be formed radially and top end does not have prehensile, along aerial growth
Young sprout.
3.4
Twining stem
It is being formed by the main bud of threeleaf akebia ramage, the adventitious bud of perennial branch base portion or Dormant Buds and with twining
Around the young sprout of property.
4 building wells
4.1 fields select
Regional environmental quality meets the regulation of NY/T 391.Select it is leeward on the sunny side, level land or the gradient are on 15 DEG C of mountains below
Ground or hilly ground, soil pH value 6.5~7.5, the content of organic matter is not less than 1%, level of ground water 1m sandy loams below or loam.
4.2 fields are built
4.2.1 frame type
Greenhouse frame is made of column, coating steel pipe, frame silk, moorstone etc..2.5 meters of line-spacing, 4 meters of column spacing.
4.2.2 frame material
4.2.2.1 column
It is made of armored concrete, specification is long 250cm, base portion 12cm × 12cm, top 10cm × 10cm.
4.2.2.2 coating steel pipe
With50 coating steel pipes are used for the both ends of fixed frame silk warp perpendicular to the top of every former and later two columns of row.
4.2.2.3 frame silk
Wire rod used in built, in addition to binding, drawing the iron wire of anchor, remaining warp weft is all with rugosity 10# steel strand wires.
4.2.2.4 moorstone
Stone, brick, cement block can, single weight should be no less than 20kg, and corner post moorstone must be exacerbated to 50kg or more.
4.2.3 built
4.2.3.1 behaviour keeps flat line
According to north and south row to and 2.5 meters of line-spacings, every 4 meters are pointed out column, side column position with albarium.
4.2.3.2 digging pit
Column, the deep general 50cm in side column hole, can be according to the appropriate adjustment of landform height.
4.2.3.3 moorstone is fixed
The hole of moorstone is perpendicular with crossbeam steel pipe and side column, distance 80cm-100cm.Anchor should absolutely hang down with side column
Directly.
4.2.3.4 column
Vertical columns in depth are being cheated by 4m spacing.
4.3.2.6 crossbeam steel pipe
Head plants 4 weeks columns and side column, then the fixed cross beam steel pipe on the side column at both ends of being expert at, and keeps horizontal consistent.
4.2.3.5 it is drawn through weft
Direct motion to the fixed latitude and longitude of vertical direction, warp both ends take root fixation on crossbeam steel pipe, and latitude and longitude are in
Between it is fixed on column.
4.2.3.6 fixed frame silk
In column warp both sides, interval 50cm is respectively arranged 2 warps and takes root and is fixed on crossbeam steel pipe.
4.3 plant
4.3.1 variety selection
Select Qinling Mountain Areas it is wild or introduce suitable local condition, appearance is beautiful, flavor is sweet, edible rate is more than
50%, few seed improved seeds of 200 grams of single fruit weight or more, pay attention to the collocation of the arrangement and different ripening stages kind of pollinated variety,
It is 8~10 that pollinated variety, which is equipped with ratio,:1.
4.3.2 seedling quality
The raw vegetative propagation nursery stocks of 1-2 or grafting of growing directly from seeds, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, 10-20 centimetres of main root length,
Lateral root is complete as possible, and seedling height is not less than 50cm.It advocates and uses 2 years raw seedlings building wells.
4.3.3 planting generation
Autumn plants late November late October-, spring planting late Febuary-mid-March.
4.3.4 planting density
Seeding row spacing 1.3m × 2.5m, mu transplant 205 plants.
4.5 method for planting
It levels land before cultivation, go the wide ridge of high 30cm-40cm, width 1m in field planting, digging width 0.5m, depth 0.6m on the face of ridge
Planting furrow, bottom of trench is pressed into 25cm thickness stalk and weeds, applies 3000kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, and calcium superphosphate 250kg, carbon is added
Ammonium 150kg is mixed with soil and is filled and led up planting furrow, is poured water to sink and is waited planting in fact.Injured root system is first trimmed when plant, is digged pit, is protected on planting furrow
Card root system is unfolded, and the depth of planting is subject to primitive root border.It treads, pours water after cultivation, cover mulch in time.
4.6 fix bamboo pole
Every plant of tree is other to insert one 2 meters of bamboo poles, and top is fixed on warp, and induction fried young sprout in August is climbed up by holding on to upwards, vertical growth
To frame face height.
5 prunings
5.1 tree-like
Go alone flat frame, bis- " W " types.Using single main stem restocking, two lateral bines are stayed close to the position in frame face in main stem, point
Do not stretched to the left and right along centre frame silk vertical row, stay a result mother climing every 50cm on lateral bine, it is female it is climing with capable in parallel fixation
On frame silk.5 result mothers of every plant of frame are climing, above raw bearing basal shoot.
5.2 shaping
5.2.1 main stem is cultivated
After seedling planting, bamboo is used in time, and waddy or rope, which draw, to be tied up.1 sturdy bud is selected and remain when sending out sprouting cultivates master
It is climing, remaining bud of erasing.New climing first time pinching when growing to 1 meter high, climing second of pinching when growing to frame top, promotes axillary bud to sprout
Hair;After late August, every the new climing of growth of erasing in 5 days, promote the climing bud differentiation of spring and summer, it is ensured that secondary annual bearing.
5.2.2 lateral bine is cultivated
Lateral bine is cultivated close near the main stem of frame top, selecting 2-3 sturdy new climing choosings;Often long 0.5 meter of pinching is primary for lateral bine,
Promote axillary bud sprouting, select 2-3 it is sturdy it is new it is climing draw tie up warp to cultivate result mother climing.
5.2.3 it is climing to cultivate result mother
It is fixed climing by bud picking, female climing every 15 centimetres of result select and remain 1 it is new it is climing be trained fruiting vine, by bud picking and pluck
The heart forms the fruiting vine group being evenly distributed.Prosperous length is controlled, bud differentiation is promoted.
5.2.4 culture preparation is climing
The low middle position growth of lateral bine it is stronger it is climing to give over to preparation climing, control and grow through pinching repeatedly, be trained update and tie
The climing and fruiting vine of fruit mother.
5.3 trimming
5.3.1 winter pruning
It handles the relationship between skeleton branch, fruit-bearing shoot cluster and the branch of excessive growth well, wipes out disease branch, insect pest branch, deadwood and thin and delicate branch.
5.3.2 summer pruning
With spring except sprouting, based on bud picking, go useless coppice shoot and the pumping tip that too strong Tipping is removed overstocked young sprout,
The formation and bud differentiation of promotion tree body ensure reasonable leaf area, keep orchard ventilation and penetrating light.
6 flower and fruit managements
6.1 flower thinning sequences
After rudiment, trunk, the cripetura fruitful branch in main stem are removed in time, to the fruitful branch on lateral bine according to Dan Zhidan sequences
Principle dredges and removes extra inflorescence, dredges and goes the more female flower mixed inflorescences of pure female flower, pure male flower inflorescence and 3 or more.It is above short to remove life in 5 years
Sheepshank fruit branch retains the raw cripetura fruitful branches of 2-4.
6.2 flower thinning
Part male inflorescence is removed before spending, female flower retains 2 to raw from raw carpel, remaining is removed as far as possible.
6.3 fruit retention
Reasonable disposition pollinizers are beared fruit by insect pollination, artificial pollination promotion.It spends first 10~25 days and sprays Idall receipts 2
~3 times, florescence foliage spray plant growth regulator and quick-acting fertilizer etc. improve percentage of fertile fruit.
6.4 fruit thinning
Before young fruit first time Growth spurt, disease pest fruit, malformed fruit and fruitlet are removed in time, and every flower stays 2 fruits, and extra pinches
Fall.
6.5 determine fruit
Stay that 1 fruit, fruit spacing stays fruit not less than 20cm on frame face according to each inflorescence.
6.6 bagging
Determine fruit consequence face and spray protectiveness and curative fungicide agent, if damaged by vermin can mix insecticide, waits for that fruit face liquid is dry
Timely bagging afterwards.
6.7 harvesting
The index of optimum harvest is that 1 week dorsal suture whitens, feels like jelly flexible be advisable before cracking of fruit.Select fine day morning dew
Water carries out after disappearing, and is harvested with secateurs, sharp cutter.It is packed immediately after adopting, in 0 DEG C of -2 DEG C of Storage in cold bank.
Fruit storage or marketing packing must meet 658 green food packaging Common Criteria relevant regulations of NY/T.
7 soil fertilizer and water managements
7.1 soil management
7.1.1 it ploughs deeply and improves the soil
It is divided into and expands cave and plough deeply and ploughed deeply with full garden, combines autumn basal dressing to carry out every year.Expand cave plough deeply for planting pit (ditch) outside
Dig annular groove or radial furrow, furrow width 50cm, deep 30cm~45cm.Full garden is ploughed deeply and should all plough deeply the soil outside planting hole,
Depth 30cm~40cm.Mixed with organic fertilizer when soil backfills, table soil is placed on bottom, and subsoil is placed on surface layer, then fully pours water, makes
Root soil touches.Pay attention to that larger root system cannot be damaged.
7.1.2 intertillage
The tree disk in orchard processed is ploughed clearly after Growing season rainfall or pouring water, and timely tillage and weeding keeps loosing soil.Middle tilling depth
Spend 5cm -10cm.
7.1.3 tree disk covers and buries grass
Cover careless fertilizer applied in the spring season, pour water after carry out.Covering material can use wheat straw, wheat bran, corn stalk, straw and field miscellaneous
Grass etc., cladding thickness 10cm~15cm, above firming, company ploughs deeply out major groove in conjunction with autumn basal dressing and buries grass, carries after covering 3 years~4 years
High soil fertility and water-holding capacity.
7.1.4 interrow crop and inter-row green covering
Interrow crop is advisable with beans, vegetables, melon and green manure plant in newly-built young age arboretum, and inter-row green covering and green manure should fit
When cradle to turn over and be embedded in soil or be covered in tree disk.
7.2 fertilising
7.2.1 fertilization principle
Application Ratio N: P: K 5: 3: 4.Mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, keep or increase soil fertility and soil it is micro-
Bioactivity, the fertilizer applied should not generate harmful effect to field environment and fruit quality.Limitation uses Chloride fertilizer.
7.2.2 allow the fertilizer type used
394 pollution-free food Fertilizer application criterion pertinent regulations of NY/T must be met
7.2.3 fertilization time, method and quantity
7.2.3.1 base manure
It is applied in 1 month after fruit harvesting, based on farm manure, suitably admixes phosphate fertilizer or composite fertilizer.Dose treelet is every
Strain basal dressing 10kg~20kg, bearing-age tree 30kg~45kg apply 4000kg~5000kg farm manures per acre.Method of administration is with ditch
Based on applying, dig radial furrow, annular groove or parallel ditch, ditch depth 40cm~60cm is advisable with reaching main Root Distribution layer.
7.2.3.2 top dressing
Period:For the first time before rudiment, based on nitrogenous fertilizer;It is with nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer to young fruit expanding stage after bearing fruit for the second time
Main, N P and K is used in mixed way, while spraying some trace elements;Third time is in the slow Later growth of fruit, based on potash fertilizer;The
Four times 1 week after fruit picking, based on nitrogenous fertilizer.Last time top dressing carried out before away from 30 days fruit harvesting phases.
Dose:Every plant imposes 0.5kg~1kg, and treelet is cut down according to the circumstance.
Fertilizing method:Bar ditch, annular groove or radial furrow are opened under tree crown, ditch depth 15cm~20cm is uniformly applied, after top dressing
It pours water in time.It advocates and uses water-fertilizer integral top dressing technique using Water soluble fertilizer.
7.2.3.3 foliage application
Annual 4 times~5 times, growth early period 2 times, based on nitrogenous fertilizer;Later stage 2 times~3 times, based on phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.It is common
Foliar fertilizer concentration:Urea 0.3%~0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%~0.3%, borax 0.1%~0.3%.For the last time
Foliar fertilizer 20d before the fruit harvesting phase is carried out.
7.3 water management
7.3.1 irrigating
7.3.1.1 irrigation water quality
Water quality should meet the regulation of 391 Green Food Producing Area environmental qualities of NY/T.
7.3.1.2 irrigation index
Orchard soil water-holding capacity 60%~70%, Floral initiation holding 50%~60% are advisable.
7.3.1.3 watering period
Before rudiment, SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING, fruit expanding period and soil it is freeze-up before respectively pour water it is primary.
7.3.1.4 irrigation method
Using water-saving irrigation techniques such as micro- sprays.
7.3.2 draining
Drainage system is set in garden, drop stain is drained in time by light and shade ditch in rainy season.
8 prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
8.1 control principle
The policy for adhering to " putting prevention first, comprehensive treatment ", based on physical control, biological control is core, and science is closed
The measures such as integrated application biology, physics, chemical prevention are managed, disease pest harm is effectively controlled, enhances tree body anti-adversity ability.
8.2 control method
8.2.1 biological control
Natural enemy is protected and utilized, expands and worm is controlled with worm, controls the application range of worm with bacterium, to maintain the nature ecological balance.
8.2.2 physical control
The methods of black light lamp, yellow plate trapping adult can be used.
8.2.3 chemical prevention
According to the biological nature and harmful characteristics of controlling object, advocate using biogenic pesticide, mineral source pesticide (such as stone sulphur
Mixture etc.);Allow limitation using the longevity of residure it is short in, less toxic organic chemical synthesis pesticide;It is residual to be forbidden to use severe toxicity, high poison, height
It stays and carcinogenic, mutagenesis pesticide.
8.2.4 insect pest preventing and controlling
8.2.4.1 winter and early spring:All sick branch are wiped out, overwintering worm pupa, worm's ovum are eliminated.Scab is struck off, clear garden is burnt
Or buried defoliation branch, 5Be ° of lime sulfur is sprayed before rudiment roots out anthracnose, coccid and mite class suspend mode residuum etc..
Before 8.2.4.2 young sprout pumping is sent to and spends:Spray 600 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or the spray of 0.3~0.5Be ° of lime sulfur
It applies 2~3 times.
8.2.4.3 young fruit period after fallen flowers:Spraying Bordeaux mixture or other copper agents 1~2 time, to prevent garden pinta, angle spot
Disease etc.;It was found that aphid, longicorn endanger timely medication.
8.2.4.4 fruit growth period:It is sprayed according to climatic condition and prevents anthracnose and other leaf diseases, insect pest;Emphasis
Prevention mite class, aphid and lepidoptera pest are caused harm.
8.2.4.5 autumn:After fruit picking, broad-spectrum germicide is sprayed in time, and prevention mite class, leafhopper class pest are caused harm, prevented
Early leaf fall.Leaf fall period carries out clear garden, pays attention to cleaning fallen leaves, removes the sick base of a fruit, all germs and worm's ovum endanger residuum.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (8)
1. the cultural method that a kind of August is fried, which is characterized in that August, fried cultural method included:
Plant:Variety selection, seedling quality selection, planting generation selection, planting density are selected and are transplanted;
Pruning:Tree-like trimming, shaping, trimming;
Flower and fruit management:Flower thinning sequence, fruit retention, fruit thinning, determines fruit, bagging, harvesting at flower thinning;
Soil fertilizer and water management:Soil management, fertilising, water management;
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
2. the cultural method that August as described in claim 1 is fried, which is characterized in that the cultural method that August fries further includes building
Garden;It specifically includes:
Field selects:Select it is leeward on the sunny side, the mountainous region of level land or the gradient less than 15o or hilly ground, soil pH value 6.5~7.5 have
Machine matter content is not less than 1%, and level of ground water is less than the sandy loam or loam of 1m;
Carry out field construction.
3. the cultural method that August as described in claim 1 is fried, which is characterized in that plant specifically includes:
Variety selection:
Select that suitable local condition that is wild or introducing, appearance is beautiful, flavor is sweet, edible rate is more than 50%, single fruit weight is more than
200 grams of few seed improved seeds;Pollinated variety and different ripening stages variety matching, the ratio that is equipped with are 8~10:1;
Seedling quality selects:
The raw vegetative propagation nursery stocks of 1-2 or grafting of growing directly from seeds, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm, 10-15 centimetres of main root length, lateral root
Completely, seedling height is not less than 50cm;
Planting generation selects:
Autumn plants late November late October-, spring planting late Febuary-mid-March;
Planting density selects:
Seeding row spacing 1.3m × 2.5m;
Method for planting:
It levels land before cultivation, go the wide ridge of high 30cm-40cm, width 1m in field planting, the cultivation of digging width 0.5m, depth 0.6m on the face of ridge
Planting ditch, bottom of trench are pressed into 25cm thickness stalk and weeds, apply 3000kg/ mus of organic fertilizer, and calcium superphosphate 250kg, ammonium bicarbonate is added
150kg is mixed with soil and is filled and led up planting furrow, is poured water to sink and is waited planting in fact;Injured root system is first trimmed when plant, is digged pit on planting furrow;After cultivation
It treads, pours water, cover mulch;
Fixed bamboo pole:
Every plant of tree is other to insert one 2 meters of bamboo poles, and top is fixed on warp, and induction fried young sprout in August is climbed up by holding on to upwards, vertical growth to frame
Face height.
4. the cultural method that August as described in claim 1 is fried, which is characterized in that pruning specifically includes:
Tree-like trimming:Using single main stem restocking, two lateral bines are stayed close to the position in frame face in main stem, are hung down respectively along centre frame silk
Straight trip is stretched to the left and right, stays a result mother climing every 50cm on lateral bine, and mother is climing to be fixed on in parallel on frame silk with row;Every plant of canopy
5 result mothers of frame are climing, above raw bearing basal shoot;
Pruning:Including:
Main stem is cultivated, after seedling planting, with bamboo, waddy or rope, which draw, to be tied up;1 sturdy bud is selected and remain when sending out sprouting cultivates main stem,
It erases remaining bud;New climing first time pinching when growing to 1 meter high, climing second of pinching when growing to frame top, promotes axillary bud sprouting;Eight
The last ten-days period moon, every the new climing of growth of erasing in 5 days;
Lateral bine is cultivated, lateral bine is cultivated close near the main stem of frame top, selecting 2-3 sturdy new climing choosings;Lateral bine often grows 0.5 meter of pinching
Once, selection 2-3 it is sturdy it is new it is climing draw tie up warp to cultivate result mother climing;
It is climing to cultivate result mother, it is fixed climing by bud picking, female climing every 15 centimetres of result select and remain 1 it is new it is climing be trained fruiting vine, lead to
Bud picking and pinching are crossed, the fruiting vine group being evenly distributed is formed;
Culture preparation is climing, and it is climing to give over to preparation in strong climing of the low middle position growth of lateral bine.
Trimming:Carry out winter pruning, summer pruning.
5. the cultural method that August as described in claim 1 is fried, which is characterized in that flower and fruit management includes:
Flower thinning sequence:After rudiment, trunk, the cripetura fruitful branch in main stem are removed, to the fruitful branch on lateral bine according to Dan Zhidan sequences
Principle dredges and removes extra inflorescence, dredges and removes pure female flower, pure male flower inflorescence and more than female flower mixed inflorescence more than 3;It is short to remove life in more than 5 years
Sheepshank fruit branch retains the raw cripetura fruitful branches of 2-4;Flower thinning:Part male inflorescence is removed before spending, female flower retains 2 to raw from the raw heart
Skin, remaining is removed;
Fruit retention, fruit thinning determine fruit, bagging, harvesting.
6. the cultural method that August as described in claim 1 is fried, which is characterized in that soil fertilizer and water management specifically includes soil pipe
Reason, including:
It ploughs deeply and improves the soil, intertills, setting disk covering and bury grass, interrow crop and inter-row green covering;
Fertilising:Application Ratio N: P: K 5: 3: 4;
Fertilization time, method and quantity:It is applied after base manure fruit harvesting to before falling leaves, every plant of basal dressing 10kg of dose treelet~
20kg, bearing-age tree 30kg~45kg apply 4000kg~5000kg farm manures per acre;Method of administration is ditch spread;
Top dressing:Period:For the first time before rudiment, nitrogen fertilizer application;For the second time nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus are applied to young fruit expanding stage after bearing fruit
Potassium is used in mixed way, while spraying some trace elements;Third time is in the slow Later growth of fruit, potassium application;4th time in fruit picking
1 week afterwards, nitrogen fertilizer application;Last time top dressing carried out before away from 30 days fruit harvesting phases;Dose:Every plant impose 0.5kg~
1kg;
Carry out foliage application;
Carry out water management.
7. the cultural method that August as described in claim 1 is fried, which is characterized in that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes:
Biological control, physical control, chemical prevention.
8. a kind of August that the cultural method fried using August described in claim 1 is cultivated is fried.
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CN110199759A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 镇江市丹徒区上党镇里墅村茶林场 | A kind of interplanting method of great Ye blueness and rasp berry |
CN111587728A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-28 | 滁州市南谯区大柳镇良农金梨专业合作社 | Planting method of golden pears |
CN112237118A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Root-limiting small shed frame cultivation method suitable for holboellia latifolia |
CN112237116A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Seedless cultivation method of holboellia latifolia |
CN112262703A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-26 | 昆明学院 | Planting and shaping trimming method for holboellia latifolia parallel multi-branch horizontal shed frame |
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CN113207393A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 贵州大学 | Fertilizing method for holboellia latifolia |
CN114052018A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-18 | 昆明学院 | Agent for improving salt and alkali resistance of holboellia latifolia and treatment method |
CN115349391A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-18 | 西安市农业技术推广中心 | Artificial cultivation method of akebia trifoliata fruits |
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CN109526433A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 南京八月果农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of method of Akebia kind propagation by grafiting |
CN110199759A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 镇江市丹徒区上党镇里墅村茶林场 | A kind of interplanting method of great Ye blueness and rasp berry |
CN111587728A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-28 | 滁州市南谯区大柳镇良农金梨专业合作社 | Planting method of golden pears |
CN112237116A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Seedless cultivation method of holboellia latifolia |
CN112237118A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-19 | 昆明学院 | Root-limiting small shed frame cultivation method suitable for holboellia latifolia |
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CN112262703B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-08-15 | 昆明学院 | Planting and shaping pruning method for parallel multi-branch horizontal canopy frame of holboellia latifolia |
CN112514726A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-19 | 岳阳市林业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating mid-autumn crispy dates |
CN112514726B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-08-02 | 岳阳市林业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of mid-autumn crispy dates |
CN113207393A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-06 | 贵州大学 | Fertilizing method for holboellia latifolia |
CN114052018A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-18 | 昆明学院 | Agent for improving salt and alkali resistance of holboellia latifolia and treatment method |
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