CN101699970A - Method for shortening the production period of mango - Google Patents
Method for shortening the production period of mango Download PDFInfo
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- CN101699970A CN101699970A CN200910193942A CN200910193942A CN101699970A CN 101699970 A CN101699970 A CN 101699970A CN 200910193942 A CN200910193942 A CN 200910193942A CN 200910193942 A CN200910193942 A CN 200910193942A CN 101699970 A CN101699970 A CN 101699970A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the plant hybridization breeding and cultivation technology and provides a method for shortening the production period of mango. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) sowing seedlings and transplanting; 2) selecting polyembryonic varieties to be grafted trees, performing heading-back cut to grafted trees half treetop to use as stock; 3) selecting robust seedlings for grafting, top-grafting the seedlings on the stock of grafted trees; and 4) dressing multi-effect triazole in the soil, digging shallow ridges on the two sides of the tree covers of the grafted trees after grafting, irrigating multi-effect triazole and earthing. The invention has the following prominent substantive features and significant progresses: 1. seedling high grafting technology is adopted in the method so as to increase the grafting survival ratio; 2. the dressing multi-effect triazole technology is used to control the spindling of branch tips of grafts, promote the branch tips for aging and create beneficial nutrient conditions for advancing blossom and fruiting and promoting fruit-bearing; 3. the invention is simple and practical, potential hybrids can bear fruits after half a year so that potential hybrids and false hybrids can be identified directly and fast and the breeding process of mango is greatly shortened; and 4. the method of the invention can be popularized to the mango production so that the economic benefit of the method is remarkable owning to early fruiting and appearing on the market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant hybridization breeding and culture technique.
Background technology
Mango is famous in the world tropical fruit (tree), and mango is usually enjoyed the good reputation of " king of tropical fruit (tree) ", and is very popular.In recent years, world's mango area constantly enlarges, and output also rises year by year, and cultivated area surpasses 369.94 * 10
4Hm
2, gross yield about 2628.63 * 10
4T has become one of the world's five big fruit.China is one of mango main product state, national cultivated area 12.04 * 10 in 2006
4Hm
2(not comprising Taiwan Province, down together), gross yield 80.07 * 10
4T, 47.38 hundred million yuan of the gross output values.The mango industry has become one of important component part of China's hot-zone agricultural economy, and the aspect plays an important role accelerating the hot-zone economic development, increase farmers' income etc.
In mango is produced, there is the problem of high yield low value.As the white elephant tooth, though output is high, price is lower and unstable, and the output value is low.Therefore will seek out high yield, it is imperative to carry out the mango breed improvement.
Mango is the heterozygote of height, and sexual hybridization is mainly carried out between kind.Owing to be subjected to environmental influence such as weather, the phenomenon that the florescence do not meet often appears, and breeding objective is bad clear and definite, selects the parent to have very big blindness; Because the pollen of mango is little, pollen distributes with column cap and accepts the time weak point, adds that traditional artificial hybridization technology is immature again, so hybridization pollination work is relatively more difficult, and effect is very low.Florida, US once carried out artificial hybridization and pollinated 1.2 ten thousand, only received 47 of allocarpies, and success rate has only 0.04%.Be China's autonomous innovation kind No. 82 except that osmanthus heat at present, other main breeds such as No. 1, platform farming, Jin Huang, white elephant tooth, highest-ranking imperial concubine, love literary composition all are from overseas or abroad introducing.
After obtaining allocarpy, also to carry out the fine-variety breeding work of long period, comprise true and false hybrid identification work.In general, all experience virgin stage phase in the growth and development of fruit tree process.The virgin phase is meant from seedling tree takes any measure all can not manually lead to the developmental stage of blooming to having before the potential of blooming.The length in this period is different because of seeds, environmental condition and culture technique.And be the kind of results object concerning the breeding of woody plant with the fruit, the virgin phase is the serious hindrance that shortens breeding time limit and early high-yield.The mango seedling tree generally need just can bear fruit through the time in 5～6 years if do not handle early stage, and this selection has prolonged the time of identifying true and false hybrid, has strengthened the workload of research, has influenced the process of crossbreeding.If the virgin phase of each strain can shorten 2～3 years, the manpower and materials and the financial resources of big quantity research aspect will be saved.Therefore, be the key point of accelerating the mango breeding process shortening the juvenile phase.
Shortening the juvenile phase is not only favourable to quickening the mango breeding process, and also highly beneficial to mango production.
Grafting can keep the hereditary capacity of scion, the plantation of former mango all be with the scion grafting on seedling, treat longly just to move on to field planting to certain altitude, so just prolonged term.
If adopt high-order bud grafting technology, then can promote term ahead of time, but because graft technology does not pass a test, often survival rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can shorten the mango method of virgin phase, it adopts high-order bud grafting technology, has characteristics such as process is simple, graft survival rate height, thereby the true and false hybrid of Rapid identification directly perceived, accelerates the mango breeding process greatly.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of method that shortens the production period of mango is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, living seedling and transplanting;
Broadcast seedling and adopt the vernalization sowing of peeling off, when treating that seedling grows to the second fluffy tip and changes green, be transplanted to the land for growing field crops;
B, selection polyembryony kind are made grafting tree;
The polyembryony kind of selecting growth to hang fruit more than 4 years is made grafting tree, becomes stock to prepare grafting at tree body cutting back to the half fluffy tip of making grafting tree;
C, choose healthy and strong seedling scion, height is connected on the stock;
Grafting is carried out in the substantial seedling scion of steps A and the stock of step B, requiring to cut mouth during grafting will put down, the best rugosity of stock of seedling scion and institute's grafting is close, when the rugosity of seedling scion and stock is inconsistent, requirement has cambium alignment on one side, will connect position place's colligation consolidation good seal with plastic tape after the grafting;
D, soil are executed paclobutrazol;
After the grafting, when scion is grown to the second fluffy tip and just changeed green, dig shallow ridges on a tree both sides of grafting tree, water and execute earthing behind the paclobutrazol solution, paclobutrazol content is no less than 2g in the paclobutrazol solution that every strain grafting tree is executed.
Be compared with the prior art, the present invention has following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement:
1, adopts seedling high position grafting technology, improve graft survival rate;
2, soil is executed the paclobutrazol technology, and the excessive growth of control scion branch promotes that branch is aging, bears fruit and promotes to bear fruit for early flowering and create favourable nutrient condition;
3, the present invention is simple, and true hybrid just can bear fruit half a year, and intuitively the true and false hybrid of Rapid identification has been accelerated the mango breeding process greatly, can save a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources;
4, the present invention is generalized to mango production,, early goes public remarkable in economical benefits owing to early bear fruit.
Embodiment
Embodiment
A kind of method that shortens the production period of mango is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, broadcast seedling and transplanting: adopt the vernalization sowing of peeling off, the step of the vernalization of peeling off is: 1. under tree shade or shading net, make with clean river sand and to grow seedlings husky.2. cut off kind of a shell with secateurs, take out seed.3. seed is handled with bactericide, to improve bud ratio.4. select health, fresh, complete seed for use, (hilum is downward) is arranged on the husky bed of growing seedlings one by one, and every capable seed is 3～5cm at interval, broadcasts the back and covers seed 1～2cm with fine sand, and with the gondola water faucet bucket water of fully drenching, later every day, trickle was preserved moisture.5. grow to the long 10～15cm of caulom at seedling, blade moves to nutritional bag when not increasing as yet, strengthens rich water quality management, treats that seedling grows to when the second fluffy tip changes green can be transplanted to the land for growing field crops.
B, selection polyembryony kind are made grafting tree; The affinity of grafting tree and scion is the principal element of decision grafting survival, test shows, adopts the polyembryony kind to make the grafting tree graft survival rate apparently higher than single embryo kind, therefore, the polyembryony kind of selecting growth to hang fruit more than 4 years is carried out grafting as grafting tree, can improve graft survival rate.Become stock to prepare grafting at tree body cutting back to the half fluffy tip of grafting tree.
C, choose steps A the seedling scion high grafting of stalwartness on the stock of step B: choose the influence that the healthy and strong scion of growing directly from seeds can avoid being subjected to environmental condition (as high temperature or low temperature), it is longer to guarantee that tender shoots has enough strength to break through plastic tape, select sharp grafting knife during grafting for use, require the interface cutting level and smooth, it is fast that grafting speed is wanted, and avoids the air-dry or oxidation stain of bevel.The best rugosity of stock of seedling scion and institute's grafting is close, when stock and seedling scion rugosity are inconsistent, requires cambium alignment on one side, will connect position place's colligation consolidation good seal with plastic tape after the grafting, prevents that rainwater and germ from flowing into.
D, soil are executed paclobutrazol: after the grafting, when scion is grown to the second fluffy tip and just changeed green, dig 20cm * 40cm shallow ridges at grafting tree from the both sides of a tree 60cm, 15% paclobutrazol 15g is dissolved in the 500ml water wiring solution-forming waters and build soil after imposing on shallow ridges.
The grafting tree that the age of tree is long will suitably increase the paclobutrazol consumption, and for example the grafting tree of 6 years age of trees can be executed 15% paclobutrazol 20g by soil; The grafting tree of 8 years age of trees can be executed 15% paclobutrazol 25g or more some more by soil.
Below be application example of the present invention:
Example 1
Obtain 13 of hybrid seeds with cane breeding field, this institute Hainan by artificial hybridization in May, 2005, broadcasts seedling 6 strains.In grafting in May, 2006 on white elephant tooth awns, being numbered 1,2,3 seedling scion begins to bear fruit in December, 2006～2007 year January, fruit type and fruit look different, but all have father and mother's a certain characteristic originally concurrently, or the fruit type like male parent, fruit look like maternal, or the fruit type like maternal, fruit look like male parent.The hybrid rate reaches 50%.
Example 2
Cane breeding field, 6 this institute of usefulness Hainan May in 2006 obtains 18 of hybrid seeds by artificial hybridization (golden bright kind is maternal, and beautiful civilian kind is a male parent), adopts the vernalization sowing of peeling off to broadcast seedling 13 strains., be numbered 2,5,6,8,9,11,13 seedling scion and begin to bear fruit year January in November, 2007～2008 on white elephant tooth awns in grafting in May, 2007, the phenomenon of example 1 appears in fruit type and fruit look equally.The hybrid rate reaches 54%.
Example 3
Obtain 15 of hybrid seeds with cane breeding field, this institute Hainan by artificial hybridization (golden bright kind is maternal, and the Haden kind is a male parent) in April, 2007, adopts the vernalization sowing of peeling off to broadcast seedling 15 strains., be numbered 1,2,4,7,9,10,12,13,15 seedling scion and begin to bear fruit in November, 2008～December on white elephant tooth awns in grafting in May, 2008, the phenomenon of example 1 appears in fruit type and fruit look equally.The hybrid rate reaches 60%.
Example 4
In February, 2006, whole height connect golden bright kind on the white elephant tooth awns of 10 hectares of 4 years trees in high mountain region, cane breeding field, this institute Hainan, realize grafting then, bear fruit then.
Example 5
In January, 2007, whole height connect golden bright kind on the white elephant tooth awns of 4 hectares of 5 years trees in base, Lingshui, cane breeding field, this institute Hainan, realize grafting then equally, bear fruit then.
Claims (2)
1. a method that shortens the production period of mango is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, broadcast seedling and transplanting;
Broadcast seedling and adopt the vernalization sowing of peeling off, when treating that seedling grows to the second fluffy tip and changes green, be transplanted to the land for growing field crops;
B, selection polyembryony kind are made grafting tree;
The polyembryony kind of selecting growth to hang fruit more than 4 years is made grafting tree, becomes stock to prepare grafting at tree body cutting back to the half fluffy tip of making grafting tree;
C, choose healthy and strong seedling scion, height is connected on the stock;
Get the substantial seedling scion of steps A and the stock of step B and carry out grafting, the best rugosity of stock of seedling scion and institute's grafting is close, when the rugosity of seedling scion and stock is inconsistent, require to have cambium alignment on one side, will connect position place's colligation consolidation good seal with plastic tape after the grafting;
D, soil are executed paclobutrazol;
After the grafting, when scion is grown to the second fluffy tip and just changeed green, dig shallow ridges on a tree both sides of grafting tree, water and execute earthing behind the paclobutrazol solution, paclobutrazol content is no less than 2g in the paclobutrazol solution that every strain grafting tree is executed.
2. the method for shortening the production period of mango as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the vernalization sowing step of peeling off that adopts in the steps A is: 1. under tree shade or shading net, make the husky bed of growing seedlings with clean river sand; 2. cut off kind of a shell with secateurs, take out seed; 3. seed is handled with bactericide; 4. select health, fresh, complete seed for use, be arranged in one by one on the husky bed of growing seedlings, every capable seed is 3～5cm at interval, broadcasts the back and covers seed 1～2cm with fine sand, and with the gondola water faucet bucket water of fully drenching, later every day, trickle was preserved moisture; 5. grow to the long 10～15cm of caulom at seedling, blade moves to nutritional bag when not increasing as yet, strengthen rich water quality management.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101939425A CN101699970B (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | Method for shortening the production period of mango |
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| CN2009101939425A CN101699970B (en) | 2009-11-17 | 2009-11-17 | Method for shortening the production period of mango |
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| CN101699970B CN101699970B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101982058A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-03-02 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Mature mango breed rapid updating dwarfing culture method |
| CN102986456A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-03-27 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Grafting method for shortening juvenile phase of hybrid progeny of longan |
| CN103229676A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 广西大学 | Method for remarkably decreasing produced malformed fruits in mango out-of-season cultivation process |
| CN104855203A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 李廷夫 | Top grafting canopy replacement method of red mangoes |
| CN105532352A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 广西大学 | Cost-saving and efficient method for promoting out-of-season flowering of perennial honey-mango trees |
| CN106034756A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Breeding method of mangifera indica mutants based on whole irradiation of grafted seedlings |
| CN107683771A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-13 | 武汉市农业科学技术研究院林业果树科学研究所 | A kind of method of the efficient sterile culture of tree peony embryo |
| CN109197206A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A method of shortening mango breeding cycle |
| CN112005692A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-01 | 云南秋香晚芒农业发展有限公司 | Mountain scale planting method and device for late-maturing mangoes |
-
2009
- 2009-11-17 CN CN2009101939425A patent/CN101699970B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101982058A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-03-02 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Mature mango breed rapid updating dwarfing culture method |
| CN102986456A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-03-27 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Grafting method for shortening juvenile phase of hybrid progeny of longan |
| CN103229676A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 广西大学 | Method for remarkably decreasing produced malformed fruits in mango out-of-season cultivation process |
| CN104855203A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 李廷夫 | Top grafting canopy replacement method of red mangoes |
| CN105532352A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-05-04 | 广西大学 | Cost-saving and efficient method for promoting out-of-season flowering of perennial honey-mango trees |
| CN105532352B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 广西大学 | A kind of method that abridged edition is efficiently promoting four seasons honey awns off-season flowering |
| CN106034756A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Breeding method of mangifera indica mutants based on whole irradiation of grafted seedlings |
| CN107683771A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-02-13 | 武汉市农业科学技术研究院林业果树科学研究所 | A kind of method of the efficient sterile culture of tree peony embryo |
| CN109197206A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A method of shortening mango breeding cycle |
| CN109197206B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for shortening mango breeding cycle |
| CN112005692A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-01 | 云南秋香晚芒农业发展有限公司 | Mountain scale planting method and device for late-maturing mangoes |
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| CN101699970B (en) | 2011-04-13 |
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