CN106665047B

CN106665047B - Greenhouse melon cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN106665047B
Application number: CN201611041372.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾业连
Original assignee: Beihai vegetable research institute
Current assignee: Beihai vegetable research institute
Priority date: 2016-11-22
Filing date: 2016-11-22
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2036-11-22
Also published as: CN106665047A

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method of muskmelons in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting melon seeds for seedling raising to obtain melon seedlings; s2, selecting melon field, building a greenhouse, preparing soil and making ridges, wherein the greenhouse comprises: a shed frame, a shed cover and a water and fertilizer irrigation device; s3, planting; applying nutrient solution to melon seedlings through a water and fertilizer irrigation device during field planting, wherein the application amount is different according to different growth periods of the melons; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing honeysuckle, achyranthes aspera, radix sophorae flavescentis, phoenix tree leaf, tripterygium wilfordii, houttuynia cordata and buddleia, sequentially extracting with ethanol with the volume fraction of 70-80% and 60-70%, and combining the extracting solutions to obtain a first extracting solution; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed. The muskmelon produced by the cultivation method has good disease resistance and quality and high yield.

Description

Greenhouse melon cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for cultivating melons in a greenhouse.

Background

The muskmelon is widely cultivated in tropical regions in the world, is also widely cultivated in various regions of China, is the melon which is used as a fruit in the earliest period in China, is long in cultivation, has various varieties, and has different shapes, colors, sizes and tastes of the fruits, the muskmelon is divided into dozens of strains in gardening, for example, common muskmelon, sweet orchid melon and the like belong to different strains, the fruits are important fruits in midsummer, and the muskmelon is wholly medicinal and has the effects of removing inflammation and toxin, promoting vomiting, removing dampness, eliminating jaundice and the like.

With the adjustment of the structure of the planting industry and the rapid development of high-efficiency agriculture, the area for planting the melons in the small shed, the middle shed, the greenhouse and the greenhouse is increased year by year, the disease and insect varieties are increased year by year and the damage degree is increased year by year due to year-by-year continuous cropping planting and year-by-year accumulation of disease source insect sources, and the water shortage or nutritional ingredients and even plant diseases and insect pests of the melon seedlings are caused by improper field management during planting, so that the yield and the quality of the melons are influenced. Diseases and pests such as anthracnose, epidemic diseases, blight, aphids, red spiders and the like of the melons occur in the planting area, so that the yield of the melons is reduced by about 20-30%, the quality is reduced, and the economic benefit is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described later.

The invention also aims to provide a cultivation method of the greenhouse muskmelon, which can reasonably control the application amount of moisture and fertilizer by a scientific method for applying water and fertilizer, is beneficial to the growth of the muskmelon, can avoid water and fertilizer waste, can effectively improve the yield and quality of the muskmelon, and can produce the muskmelon with good disease resistance and quality.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for cultivating melon in greenhouse, comprising:

s1, selecting full melon seeds, soaking for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 40-60 ℃, draining, accelerating germination and obtaining treated seeds; placing the treated seeds on a seedling bed containing nutrient soil, and performing seedling culture at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 25-35 d to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer and thiophanate methyl according to the proportion of 1: 2-6: 5-10: 0.1-0.5;

s2, selecting sandy loam land blocks which are not planted with melons within 3 years as melon fields, turning soil in the melon fields to a depth of 25-30 cm, and then mixing and fermenting mixed fertilizer obtained by fermenting for 10-20 d according to 1500-2000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 75-100 kg/mu of crushed cassava peel, 100-200 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 200-500 kg/mu of plant ash and applying the mixed fertilizer to the soil; before field planting, a greenhouse is built on the melon field, soil is prepared in the greenhouse to form ridges, mulching films are covered on the ridges, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 1-1.5 m, and planting pits are formed on the ridges every 1-2 m;

the big-arch shelter includes: the shed frame comprises a plurality of groups of vertical supports which are oppositely arranged along the length direction of the ridge and a beam framework which is positioned between the two oppositely arranged vertical supports, wherein two ends of the beam framework are respectively connected with the top ends of the vertical supports; the shed cover sequentially comprises an insect-proof net layer, a sun-shading net layer and a heat-insulating layer from inside to outside, and is paved on the shed frame; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; the red and blue light illumination device is arranged on the beam framework;

wherein, liquid manure irrigation equipment includes: the second spraying pipes are positioned between the two ridges and arranged along the length direction of the ridges, one side of each second spraying pipe, which is close to the planting pits, is provided with a plurality of groups of second spraying holes, and each group of second spraying holes are arranged along the length direction of the second spraying pipe; the spraying device comprises a plurality of first spraying pipes, a plurality of second spraying pipes and a plurality of spraying holes, wherein each first spraying pipe is vertically arranged and sequentially arranged along the length direction of the second spraying pipe, the bottom of each first spraying pipe is connected with the second spraying pipe in the same way, and the outer surface of each first spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of first spraying holes; the first feeding pipe is communicated and connected with the top of each first spraying pipe; the feeding control box is arranged outside the shed cover and is communicated and connected with the first feeding pipe through a second feeding pipe;

s3, adding water into the feed control box, watering through the first spray pipe and the second spray pipe, transplanting the melon seedlings into planting pits, and planting; keeping the daytime temperature of 26-35 ℃, the nighttime temperature of 18-22 ℃ and the relative air humidity of 50-70% in the greenhouse during planting; nutrient solution is added into the feeding control box and is applied to the melon seedlings through the first spraying pipe and the second spraying pipe, and the specific method comprises the following steps: adding nutrient solution into a feed control box every 3-5 days from planting to flowering, wherein the application amount of the nutrient solution is 8-12 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box every 6-8 days from flowering to fruiting and maturing period, wherein the application amount is 15-20 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box every 8-12 days from the fruiting and mature period to before fruit picking, wherein the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu each time; the preparation method of the nutrient solution in S3 comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing 10-20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 5-10 parts by weight of achyranthes aspera, 1-2 parts by weight of radix sophorae flavescentis, 1-5 parts by weight of phoenix tree leaf, 1-2 parts by weight of tripterygium wilfordii, 8-10 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata and 5-10 parts by weight of buddleia, sequentially extracting for 12-24 hours at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ by using 20-30 parts by weight of 60-70% ethanol aqueous solution, and combining the two extracting solutions to obtain a first extracting solution; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed; the first extracting solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.5: 1-2: 1-5: 0.1-0.5: 10-20: 10-15: 30-50: 10-15.

Preferably, in the greenhouse melon cultivation method, the germination accelerating in the S1 step includes that melon seeds are firstly placed in a peroxyacetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2-5% to be soaked for 1-2 hours, cleaned, and then placed in a seed soaking agent to be soaked for 6-12 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing 10-20 parts by weight of achyranthes bidentata, 5-10 parts by weight of chaenomeles speciosa, 2-5 parts by weight of fingered citron and 1-2 parts by weight of mangnolia officinalis, extracting 30-60 parts by weight of 50-70% ethanol aqueous solution by volume fraction at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and collecting an extracting solution; mixing the extractive solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water to obtain seed soaking agent; wherein the mass ratio of the extracting solution to the ethephon, the fulvic acid, the vitamin, the gibberellin and the water is 1: 0.1-0.2: 0.5-1: 0.01-0.05: 10-20.

Preferably, in the greenhouse melon cultivation method, the red and blue illumination device is started for illumination at 16-19 points every day for 20 days after field planting in S3, and the illumination intensity is 5000-10000 lux; wherein the wavelength of the red light is 650-680 nm, and the wavelength of the blue light is 450-460 nm.

Preferably, in the greenhouse melon cultivation method, in the step S3, shading is performed by using a shading net layer at the first 5d, 9 to 12 points after planting, shading is performed by using a shading net at 12 to 14 points after 5d, and shading is performed by using a shading net at 14 to 16 points after 10d and 20d after planting.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating greenhouse melons, an automatic control valve is arranged at the joint of each first spraying pipe and each second spraying pipe in the step S2, and the liquid supply control box can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating the greenhouse melons, S3, a water and fertilizer irrigation device is started to water, the water is watered every 5-8 d days from planting to flowering, and an automatic control valve is opened; watering once every 3-5 d from flowering to fruiting and maturing period and opening an automatic control valve; and (5) watering every 6-10 days after harvesting in the mature period, and closing the automatic control valve.

Preferably, in the method for cultivating the greenhouse melons, in the step S3, the automatic control valve is opened when the nutrient solution is applied from planting to flowering; opening the automatic control valve when nutrient solution is applied from flowering to fruiting and maturing period; the automatic control valve is closed from the fruit ripening period to before fruit picking.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

1. the greenhouse cover with the three-layer structure has a shading effect, can keep the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse stable, is beneficial to the growth of melons, and simultaneously has an insect prevention effect; set up red blue light illumination device in the big-arch shelter to 20 days before the melon field planting after open, can guarantee that melon seedling obtains sufficient illumination in the field planting earlier stage, especially evening, be favorable to the growth of melon.

2. The melon seedlings are subjected to germination acceleration by using a seed soaking agent before field planting, wherein the seed soaking agent can promote the division of the melon seedlings and the growth of the melon seedlings, can kill bacterial ova on mesoderm and is beneficial to the growth of the melon seedlings in the later period; different amounts of nutrient solution are applied according to different growth periods of the melons in the planting process of the melon seedlings, so that the normal growth requirement of the melons is guaranteed, and the quality of the melons is prevented from being poor due to too much or too little nutrient absorption of the melons; wherein the extracts of honeysuckle, achyranthes aspera, lightyellow sophora root, phoenix tree leaf, tripterygium wilfordii, heartleaf houttuynia herb and buddleja have the functions of providing nutrient substances for the growth of the muskmelon and sterilizing and killing pests to reduce the occurrence of diseases; chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil and mandipropamid have the function of killing harmful diseases and pests; the urea, the plant ash, the water, the calcium superphosphate and the honey can provide necessary elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth of the melon and promote the growth of the melon; the nutrient solution has the synergistic effect of various components, has the functions of killing insects and bacteria while complementing nutrients, greatly improves the quality and the yield of the melons, can reduce the pollution to the environment compared with the traditional pesticide, and is more environment-friendly.

3. In the field planting process, a water and fertilizer irrigation device is used for applying water and fertilizer to the melons and comprises second spraying pipes arranged along the length direction of the ridges, and the arrangement mode can apply the water and fertilizer to the soil near the roots of the melons, so that the roots of the melons can absorb the water and fertilizer in time, and the roots of the melons are promoted to take roots; the first spraying pipe which is vertically arranged can apply water and fertilizer to the leaf surfaces of melon seedlings of the muskmelon, so that the sufficient water and fertilizer on the leaf surfaces are ensured; the valve can be arranged at the joint of the first spraying pipe and the second spraying pipe in the specific process, the valve is opened or closed according to the growth period of the melons, the application amount of moisture and fertilizer is reasonably controlled, the growth and yield of the melons and the quality of the melons are improved, the waste of water and fertilizer can be avoided, the operation is simple, and the labor efficiency is improved.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a side view of a shelter according to the present invention, with internal components not shown;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the greenhouse of the present invention;

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a cultivation method of melons in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting full melon seeds, soaking for 1h at the temperature of 40 ℃, draining, accelerating germination and obtaining treated seeds; placing the treated seeds on a seedling bed containing nutrient soil at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out seedling culture for 25d to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer and thiophanate methyl according to the proportion of 1:2:5: 0.1; the melon seeds are placed on a seedbed containing nutrient soil, so that the seeds can be promoted to grow rapidly, and harmful bacteria attached to the surfaces of the seeds can be killed, so that the seeds can be promoted to germinate.

S2, selecting sandy loam land blocks which are not planted with melons within 3 years as melon fields, turning soil in the melon fields to a depth of 25cm, mixing, fermenting for 10 days to obtain mixed fertilizer and applying the mixed fertilizer to the soil according to 1500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 75 kg/mu of crushed cassava peel, 100 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 200 kg/mu of plant ash; before field planting, a greenhouse is built on the melon field, soil is prepared in the greenhouse to form ridges, mulching films are covered on the ridges, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 1m, and planting pits are formed on the ridges every 1 m; various nutrient substances are applied to the surface of the soil to provide various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are necessary for sweet growth, so that the rapid growth of the melons is promoted;

the big-arch shelter includes: the shed frame comprises a plurality of groups of vertical supports 11 which are oppositely arranged along the length direction of the ridge and a beam framework 12 which is positioned between the two oppositely arranged vertical supports 11, wherein two ends of the beam framework 12 are respectively connected with the top ends of the vertical supports 11; the shed cover 2 sequentially comprises an insect-proof net layer, a sun-shading net layer and a heat-insulating layer from inside to outside, and the shed cover 2 is paved on the shed frame; a water and fertilizer irrigation device; the red and blue light illumination device 4 is arranged on the beam framework 12;

wherein, liquid manure irrigation equipment includes: the second spraying pipes 31 are positioned between the two ridges and are arranged along the length direction of the ridges, one side, close to the planting pits, of each second spraying pipe 31 is provided with a plurality of groups of second spraying holes 311, and each group of second spraying holes 311 is arranged along the length direction of the second spraying pipe 31; the spraying device comprises a plurality of first spraying pipes 32, wherein each first spraying pipe 32 is vertically arranged and sequentially arranged along the length direction of a second spraying pipe 31, the bottom of each first spraying pipe 32 is communicated and connected with the second spraying pipe 31, and a plurality of first spraying holes 321 are formed in the outer surface of each first spraying pipe 32; a first feeding pipe 33 connected to the top of each first spraying pipe 32; a feeding control box 35 which is arranged outside the shed cover and is communicated and connected with the first feeding pipe 33 through a second feeding pipe 34;

s3, adding water into the feeding control box 35, watering through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31 to enable the water content of soil to be 50%, then transplanting melon seedlings into planting pits, and planting; keeping the daytime temperature at 22 ℃, the nighttime temperature at 18 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 70% in the greenhouse during planting; nutrient solution is added into the feeding control box 35 and is applied to the melon seedlings through the first spraying pipe 32 and the second spraying pipe 31, and the method comprises the following steps: adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box every 3d from field planting to flowering, wherein the application amount is 8 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 6 days from flowering to fruiting and mature period, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box every 8 days from the fruiting and mature period to before fruit picking, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu each time; the preparation method of the nutrient solution in S3 comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing 10 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 5 parts by weight of achyranthes aspera, 1 part by weight of radix sophorae flavescentis, 1 part by weight of phoenix tree leaf, 1 part by weight of tripterygium wilfordii, 8 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata and 5 parts by weight of buddleia, sequentially extracting for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using 20 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 70% and the concentration of 60%, and combining the two extracting solutions to obtain a first extracting solution; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed; the first extracting solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1:10:10:30: 10.

The germination accelerating in the S1 step comprises the steps of firstly soaking melon seeds in a 2% peracetic acid solution for 1 hour, cleaning, and then soaking in a seed soaking agent for 6 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing 10 parts by weight of achyranthes root, 5 parts by weight of chaenomeles speciosa, 2 parts by weight of fingered citron and 1 part by weight of mangnolia officinalis, extracting for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using 30 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 50%, and collecting extracting solution; mixing the extractive solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water to obtain seed soaking agent; wherein the mass ratio of the extracting solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin and water is 1:0.1:0.5:0.01:0.01: 10.

In the S3, the red and blue light illumination device is started to illuminate at 16-19 points every day for the first 20 days after field planting, and the illumination intensity is 5000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of the red light is 650nm, and the wavelength of the blue light is 450 nm.

And the step S3 includes shading the positions 5d, 9-12 points after planting by using a shading net layer, shading the positions 12-14 points after 5d by using a shading net, and shading the positions 14-16 points after 10d and after planting to 20d by using a shading net.

In S2, an automatic control valve is disposed at the connection between each first spray pipe 32 and each second spray pipe 31, and the feed control box 35 can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve. The automatic control valve can adopt a valve controlled by an electromagnetic relay, and can also adopt a common valve, and the opening or closing of the valve can be adjusted by manual operation, but the automatic control valve is obviously more convenient. When the valve is opened, water or nutrient solution can be sprayed out from the first spraying holes 321 of the first spraying pipes 32 to water or apply the nutrient solution to the leaf surfaces of the melons, or can be sprayed out from the second spraying holes 311 of the second spraying pipes 31 to water or apply the nutrient solution to the soil leaf surfaces near the roots of the melons, so that the growth of the roots of the melons is ensured; water or nutrient solution can be sprayed only from the first spray holes 321 of the first spray pipe 32 when the valve is closed to water or apply nutrient solution to the foliar portions of the melon; the water and nutrient substances in different growth periods of the melons are adapted through the adjustment of the valve, the operation is simple, and the waste is reduced.

The S3 method also comprises the steps of starting a water and fertilizer irrigation device to water, watering once every 5d days from planting to flowering, and opening an automatic control valve; watering once every 3d from flowering to fruiting and maturing period and opening an automatic control valve; and (5) watering every 6d from the mature period to picking, and closing the automatic control valve.

Opening an automatic control valve when nutrient solution is applied from planting to flowering in the S3; opening the automatic control valve when nutrient solution is applied from flowering to fruiting and maturing period; the automatic control valve is closed from the fruit ripening period to before fruit picking.

Example 2

s1, selecting full melon seeds, soaking for 1.5h at the temperature of 50 ℃, draining, accelerating germination and obtaining treated seeds; placing the treated seeds on a seedling bed containing nutrient soil, and culturing at 28 ℃ for 30d to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer and thiophanate methyl according to the proportion of 1:4:7: 0.3;

s2, selecting sandy loam land blocks which are not planted with melons within 3 years as melon fields, turning soil in the melon fields to a soil depth of 27cm, mixing and fermenting 15d of mixed fertilizer and applying the mixed fertilizer to the soil according to 1800 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 45 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 90 kg/mu of ground cassava bark, 150 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 350 kg/mu of plant ash; before field planting, a greenhouse is built on the melon field, soil is prepared in the greenhouse to form ridges, mulching films are covered on the ridges, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 1.2m, and planting pits are formed on the ridges every 1.5 m;

s3, adding water into the feeding control box 35, watering through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31 to enable the water content of soil to be 60%, then transplanting melon seedlings into planting pits, and planting; keeping the daytime temperature at 25 ℃, the nighttime temperature at 20 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 75% in the greenhouse during planting; nutrient solution is added into the feeding control box 35 and is applied to melon seedlings through the first spraying pipe 32 and the second spraying pipe 31, and the specific method is as follows: adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 4 days from planting to flowering, wherein the application amount is 10 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 7d from flowering to fruiting and mature period, wherein the application amount is 18 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 10 days from the fruiting and mature period to before fruit picking, wherein the application amount is 8 kg/mu each time; the preparation method of the nutrient solution in S3 comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing 15 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 7 parts by weight of achyranthes aspera, 1.5 parts by weight of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3 parts by weight of phoenix tree leaf, 1.5 parts by weight of tripterygium wilfordii, 9 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata and 7 parts by weight of buddleia, sequentially extracting for 18 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃ by using 25 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 75% and the concentration of 65%, and combining the two extracting solutions to obtain a first extracting solution; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed; the first extracting solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3:1.5:3:0.3:15:12:4: 13.

The germination accelerating in the S1 step comprises the steps of firstly soaking melon seeds in a 3% peracetic acid solution for 1.5 hours, cleaning, and then soaking in a seed soaking agent at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 9 hours; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing 15 parts by weight of achyranthes root, 7 parts by weight of chaenomeles speciosa, 3 parts by weight of fingered citron and 1.5 parts by weight of mangnolia officinalis, extracting for 18 hours at the temperature of 75 ℃ by using 45 parts by weight of 60% ethanol aqueous solution in volume fraction, and collecting extract; mixing the extractive solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water to obtain seed soaking agent; wherein the mass ratio of the extracting solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin and water is 1:0.15:0.7:0.03:0.03: 15.

In the S3, the red and blue illumination device is started to illuminate at 16-19 points every day for the first 20 days after field planting, and the illumination intensity is 8000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of the red light is 660nm, and the wavelength of the blue light is 455 nm.

And in the step S2, an automatic control valve is arranged at the joint of each first spray pipe 32 and each second spray pipe 31, and the feed control box can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve.

The S3 method also comprises the steps of starting a water and fertilizer irrigation device to water, watering once every 6d days from planting to flowering, and opening an automatic control valve; watering once every 4d from flowering to fruiting and maturing period and opening an automatic control valve; and (5) watering every 8d from the mature period to picking, and closing the automatic control valve.

Example 3

s1, selecting full melon seeds, soaking for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃, draining, accelerating germination and obtaining treated seeds; placing the treated seeds on a seedling bed containing nutrient soil, and raising the seeds for 35d at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer and thiophanate methyl according to the proportion of 1:6:10: 0.5;

s2, selecting sandy loam land blocks which are not planted with melons within 3 years as melon fields, turning soil in the melon fields to a soil depth of 30cm, mixing the soil blocks and the soil according to 2000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 100 kg/mu of crushed cassava peel, 200 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 500 kg/mu of plant ash, fermenting for 20 days to obtain mixed fertilizer, and applying the mixed fertilizer to the soil; before field planting, a greenhouse is built on the melon field, soil is prepared in the greenhouse to form ridges, mulching films are covered on the ridges, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 1.5m, and planting pits are formed on the ridges every 2 m;

s3, adding water into the feeding control box 35, watering through the first spray pipe 32 and the second spray pipe 31 to enable the water content of soil to be 70%, then transplanting melon seedlings into planting pits, and planting; during planting, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 28 ℃ in the daytime, 22 ℃ at night and 80% of relative air humidity; nutrient solution is added into the feeding control box 35 and is applied to melon seedlings through the first spraying pipe 32 and the second spraying pipe 31, and the specific method is as follows: adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 5 days from planting to flowering, wherein the application amount is 12 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 8 days from flowering to fruiting and mature period, wherein the application amount is 20 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 12 days from the fruiting and mature period to before fruit picking, wherein the application amount is 10 kg/mu each time; the preparation method of the nutrient solution in S3 comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing 20 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 10 parts by weight of achyranthes aspera, 2 parts by weight of sophora flavescens, 5 parts by weight of phoenix tree leaf, 2 parts by weight of tripterygium wilfordii, 10 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata and 10 parts by weight of buddleia, sequentially extracting for 24 hours at 90 ℃ by using 30 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with volume fraction of 80% and 70%, and combining the two extracting solutions to obtain a first extracting solution; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed; the first extracting solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5:2:5:0.5:20:15:50: 15.

The germination accelerating in the S1 step comprises the steps of firstly soaking melon seeds in a peroxyacetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 5% for 2 hours, cleaning, and then soaking in a seed soaking agent at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 12 hours; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing 20 parts by weight of achyranthes root, 10 parts by weight of chaenomeles speciosa, 5 parts by weight of fingered citron and 2 parts by weight of mangnolia officinalis, extracting for 24 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ by using 60 parts by weight of ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 70%, and collecting extracting solution; mixing the extractive solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water to obtain seed soaking agent; wherein the mass ratio of the extracting solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamin, gibberellin and water is 1:0.2:1:0.05:0.05: 20.

In the S3, the red and blue light illumination device is started to illuminate at 16-19 points every day for the first 20 days after field planting, and the illumination intensity is 10000 lux; wherein, the wavelength of the red light is 680nm, and the wavelength of the blue light is 460 nm.

The S3 method also comprises the steps of starting a water and fertilizer irrigation device to water, watering once every 8d days from planting to flowering, and opening an automatic control valve; watering once every 5d from flowering to fruiting and maturing period and opening an automatic control valve; and (5) watering every 10 days from the mature period, and closing the automatic control valve.

Comparative example 1

The invention provides a cultivation method of muskmelons in a greenhouse, which comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting full melon seeds, soaking for 1h at the temperature of 40 ℃, draining, accelerating germination and obtaining treated seeds; placing the treated seeds on a seedling bed containing nutrient soil at the temperature of 25 ℃, and carrying out seedling culture for 25d to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer and thiophanate methyl according to the proportion of 1:2:5: 0.1;

s2, selecting sandy loam land blocks which are not planted with melons within 3 years as melon fields, turning soil in the melon fields to a depth of 25cm, mixing, fermenting for 10 days to obtain mixed fertilizer and applying the mixed fertilizer to the soil according to 1500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 75 kg/mu of crushed cassava peel, 100 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 200 kg/mu of plant ash; before field planting, a greenhouse is built on the melon field, soil is prepared in the greenhouse to form ridges, mulching films are covered on the ridges, the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 1m, and planting pits are formed on the ridges every 1 m; wherein the greenhouse is a common greenhouse and is not provided with an illumination device.

S3, watering according to a traditional mode to enable the water content of the soil to be 50%, and then transplanting the melon seedlings into planting pits for planting; keeping the daytime temperature at 22 ℃, the nighttime temperature at 18 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 70% in the greenhouse during planting; applying the nutrient solution according to a traditional mode, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box every 3d from field planting to flowering, wherein the application amount is 8 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box 35 every 6 days from flowering to fruiting and mature period, wherein the application amount is 15 kg/mu each time; adding nutrient solution into the feeding control box every 8 days from the fruiting and mature period to before fruit picking, wherein the application amount is 5 kg/mu each time; the preparation method of the nutrient solution in S3 comprises the following steps: grinding and crushing 10 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 5 parts by weight of achyranthes aspera, 1 part by weight of sophora flavescens, 1 part by weight of phoenix tree leaf, 1 part by weight of tripterygium wilfordii, 8 parts by weight of houttuynia cordata and 5 parts by weight of buddleia, sequentially extracting for 12 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using 20 parts by weight of 70% volume fraction and 60% ethanol aqueous solution, and combining the two extracting solutions; adding chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate into the first extracting solution, and mixing and stirring uniformly to obtain the compound feed; the first extracting solution, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, chlorothalonil, honey, mandipropamid, urea, plant ash, water and calcium superphosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1:10:10:30: 10.

Comparative example 2

According to the traditional common cultivation mode of local farmers in the north sea, the water and fertilizer irrigation device in the greenhouse is not used in the cultivation process, only the common watering method is used for watering and fertilizing, the nutrient solution is not used in the process, and the rest is the same as the cultivation method in the embodiment 1.

The data of the cultivation method test according to the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 growth of melon

Examples	Yield per mu/t	Incidence of disease and insect pests (%)
			Example 1	4.03	4.56
Example 2	4.11	4.31
			Example 3	4.19	4.28
Comparative example 1	3.43	7.24
			Comparative example 2	3.12	12.6

As can be seen from the table 1, the acre yield of the muskmelons in the examples 1 to 3 is higher than that of the comparative examples 1 to 2, and the pest and disease incidence rate of the examples 1 to 3 is lower than that of the examples 1 to 2, so that the yield and the quality of the muskmelons in the greenhouse can be greatly improved by the cultivation method of the muskmelons in the greenhouse; specifically, from the example 1 and the comparative example 1, the reasonable fertilization and watering of the three-layer structure of the greenhouse and the water and fertilizer irrigation device can improve the yield of the melons and reduce the plant diseases and insect pests, and the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 can show that the yield of the melons is improved and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced after the nutrient solution is added, so that the nutrient solution has the effects of promoting the growth of the melons and preventing the plant diseases and insect pests.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of greenhouse melons is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting full melon seeds, soaking for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 40-60 ℃, draining, accelerating germination and obtaining treated seeds; placing the treated seeds on a seedling bed containing nutrient soil, and performing seedling culture at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 25-35 d to obtain melon seedlings; the nutrient soil is prepared from bagasse, plant ash, decomposed organic fertilizer and thiophanate methyl according to a ratio of 1: 2-6: 5-10:

0.1 to 0.5 percent; the germination accelerating method comprises the steps of firstly soaking melon seeds in a 2-5% peracetic acid solution for 1-2 hours, cleaning, then soaking in a seed soaking agent at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 6-12 hours; the preparation method of the seed soaking agent comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing 10-20 parts by weight of achyranthes bidentata, 5-10 parts by weight of chaenomeles speciosa, 2-5 parts by weight of fingered citron and 1-2 parts by weight of mangnolia officinalis, extracting 30-60 parts by weight of 50-70% ethanol aqueous solution by volume fraction at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and collecting an extracting solution; mixing the extractive solution, ethephon, fulvic acid, vitamins, gibberellin, and water to obtain seed soaking agent; wherein the mass ratio of the extracting solution to the ethephon to the fulvic acid to the vitamin to the gibberellin to the water is 1: 0.1-0.2: 0.5-1: 0.01-0.05: 10-20;

wherein, liquid manure irrigation equipment includes: the second spraying pipes are positioned between the two ridges and arranged along the length direction of the ridges, one side of each second spraying pipe, which is close to the planting pits, is provided with a plurality of groups of second spraying holes, and each group of second spraying holes are arranged along the length direction of the second spraying pipe; the spraying device comprises a plurality of first spraying pipes, a plurality of second spraying pipes and a plurality of spraying holes, wherein each first spraying pipe is vertically arranged and sequentially arranged along the length direction of the second spraying pipe, the bottom of each first spraying pipe is connected with the second spraying pipe in the same way, and the outer surface of each first spraying pipe is provided with a plurality of first spraying holes; the first feeding pipe is communicated and connected with the top of each first spraying pipe; the feeding control box is arranged outside the shed cover and is communicated and connected with the first feeding pipe through a second feeding pipe; an automatic control valve is arranged at the joint of each first spraying pipe and each second spraying pipe, and the feeding control box can control the opening or closing of the automatic control valve;

2. The cultivation method of the greenhouse melon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the red and blue illumination device is started to illuminate 16-19 points a day for the first 20 days after field planting in S3, and the illumination intensity is 5000-10000 lux; wherein the wavelength of the red light is 650-680 nm, and the wavelength of the blue light is 450-460 nm.

3. The greenhouse melon cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein S3 further comprises shading the first 5d, 9-12 points after planting with a shading net layer, shading the 12-14 points after 5d with a shading net, and shading the 14-16 points after 10d and after planting to 20d with a shading net.

4. The greenhouse melon cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein S3 further comprises watering by using a water and fertilizer irrigation device, watering every 5-8 d days after planting and flowering, and opening an automatic control valve; watering once every 3-5 d from flowering to fruiting and maturing period and opening an automatic control valve; and (5) watering every 6-10 days after harvesting in the mature period, and closing the automatic control valve.

5. The method for cultivating greenhouse melons as claimed in claim 4, wherein in S3, an automatic control valve is opened when a nutrient solution is applied from planting to flowering; opening the automatic control valve when nutrient solution is applied from flowering to fruiting and maturing period; the automatic control valve is closed from the fruit ripening period to before fruit picking.