CN104855203A - Top grafting canopy replacement method of red mangoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a top grafting canopy replacement method of red mangoes. The specific method comprises the steps of grafting treatment and management after grafting, and carries out the technologies of scion collection and grafting. By adopting the method, the variety can be continuously improved and is quick in upgrading, and newly selected good varieties can be timely grafted on existing trees at any time; the mango trees have strong root systems and adequate nutrition, thereby facilitating the quick growth of canopies. Therefore, if grafting and canopy replacement are finished in the first year, the trees can bear fruit the next year; compared with the method of replanting trees, the method can shorten the immaturity period by about two years; mature, inferior and low-yielding production orchards are transformed into high-yielding, superior orchards with high economic profits in a short time.

Description

High the connecing of a kind of red mango changes hat method

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of plant cultivation, be specifically related to high the connecing of a kind of red mango and change hat method.

Background technology

Le Dong county is the famous large county of mango of Hainan Province, plantation mango is with a long history, mango has more than 30 kind, existing mango cultivated area more than 60,000 mu, annual production is more than 1.7 ten thousand tons, mainly sell to Beijing, Wuhan, Shanghai, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Guangzhou, the provinces and cities such as Qingdao, in recent years, because Le Dong county Different Cultivars of Mangifera indica is mixed and disorderly, high-quality mango can not form scale plantation, in addition directly raw mango plant height reaches, Different Cultivars of Mangifera indica is aging, old orchard is because of older tree-like tall and big, tree crown is overstocked, output is caused to reduce, quality reduces, have impact on orchard benefit, cause part mango enterprise and orchard worker to ruin tree and again plant other crops.For the mango industry deterioration of variety of Le Dong county and the impact by international financial crisis, the county suffers serious impact, price drops in mango market, and mango industry glides, and the situation of serious loss appears in mango enterprise and orchard worker.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide high the connecing of a kind of red mango and change hat method, solve the problem that the red Mango Output that exists in prior art is low.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, high the connecing of a kind of red mango changes hat method, comprises the following steps:

(1) grafting process,

A, cutting strunk and cultivation stock: the mango about 10 ages, will in liftoff 1.2-1.5 rice eminence cutting strunk, retain original trunk and one section, major branch, after major branch sprouts, every bar major branch is selected and remain 3 robust growth, distribute rational branch, and all the other should be erased early, carries out height and connect when the bud stayed reaches grafting rugosity; The cutting strunk time is after fruit picking and in August, method uses saw cutting strunk, in order to avoid tear limb; The mango in 4-6 age, major branch is little, can directly grafting on major branch, cutting strunk need not cultivate stock in advance;

B, grafting time: in April in next year;

C, change hat Fruit variety high yield and high quality, commodity performance is good, more disease-resistant, price is good new varieties; As red highest-ranking imperial concubine awns, Jin Huangmang, too No. one, agriculture;

D) the choosing of budling: growth selection stalwartness is enriched, eye is full was not subject to damage by disease and insect or was not that the branch of yielding positive results does scion;

E, grafting: mango grafting adopts cut-grafting method;

F, grafting quantity: during cutting strunk, if it is 5 sections that a strain tree retains major branch, the branch of 3 distributing equilibriums that the young sprout that every section of major branch grows is selected and remain makes stock, then strain connects the scion of 15;

(2) managing after grafting,

A, young sprout manage: after stock is cut top, remove stock bud 1 time, until scion well grows every 5-7 days;

B, pruning: when scion, to grow into the 2nd fluffy leaf aging, starts to pinch when taking out the 3rd tip, promote its branch; Growth is sturdy, distribute rational bud to stay 2, and all the other are erased; To August, pinch through 3 times and stay bud process, every bar scion forms 8 bearing basal shoots, and every strain tree has 120 bearing basal shoots, forms better tree crown, ensures that there is higher output next year;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest: when bud sprouting has mung bean large, spray medicine 1 time, later spray medicine per week 1 time, long tip spray medicine 2-3 time; With isocarbophos, dichlorvos, cypermethrin agricultural chemicals and be mixed with bactericide, tpn, phenyl ether methyl cyclic file prevent and treat, rotation medication, till blade is aging.

Feature of the present invention is also,

The concrete operations of the cut-grafting method of grafting in E step are as follows:

E1, cutting stock: stock is cut off in base portion 20 centimeters from stock young sprout, then connect with tooth the smooth kerf that cutter is whittled into 2 centimeter length from top to bottom, the degree of depth is suitable with a little wooden position of pruning, then the cortex of a little xylem of band is cut 2/3rds, so that lay and bundle scion;

E2, cut scion: select the branch close with stock rugosity, branch section with 1-3 bud position is cut and does scion, then smoothly a kerf is cut with budding knife from top to bottom in scion side, long identical with stock otch or a little longer, be deep to and cut 2/3rds xylems and be advisable, cut angle at 45 ° at otch rear end;

E3, lay scion and binding: stock is put in scion and cuts position, the cortex of scion and stock otch is matched, then with plastic film tape by graft union wrapping closely, then scion and bud grafting mouth sealed packet to be tied.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt this method to be conducive to constantly improving the breed, Cultivar replacing is regenerated fast, can at any time by the improved seeds newly selected in time grafting on ready-made tree, because plant root is powerful, trunk infusion is sufficient, can promote that tree crown is formed rapidly.Therefore, can accomplish grafted cucumber then, secondary annual bearing, proportion is newly planted and is shortened about 2 years period of immaturity.Make into low yield inferior in age garden of producing and become high yield in a short time, the orchard of high-quality, high financial profit.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.

The invention provides high the connecing of a kind of red mango and change hat method, comprise the following steps:

1, grafting process,

(1) cutting strunk and cultivation stock, mango about 10 ages, because trunk is too thick, is not easy to grafting operation, to this kind of tree, in liftoff 1.2-1.5 rice eminence cutting strunk, original trunk and one section, major branch to be retained, after major branch sprouts, every bar major branch is selected and remain 3 robust growth, distribute rational branch, and all the other should be erased early, carries out height and connect when the bud stayed reaches grafting rugosity.The cutting strunk time is after fruit picking about August, and method uses saw cutting strunk, in order to avoid tear limb.Mango about 4-6 age, major branch is little, can directly grafting on major branch, cutting strunk need not cultivate stock in advance.

(2) grafting time, about April in next year, at this moment set growing situation strong, rainwater is few, and temperature is suitable for, and graft survival rate is high.

(3) hat Fruit variety high yield and high quality, commodity performance is good, more disease-resistant, price is good new varieties are changed.As American Red mango, red highest-ranking imperial concubine awns, Jin Huangmang, too No. one, agriculture etc.

(4) the choosing of budling.Growth selection stalwartness is enriched, eye is full was not subject to damage by disease and insect or was not that the branch of yielding positive results does scion.

(5) grafting, mango grafting method has multiple, and in production, many employing cut-grafting methods, sprout after its simple to operate, easy grasp, grafting soon, grow rapidly, compared with bud grafting method, can do sth. in advance to sprout for about 20 days.Adopt the concrete operations of cut-grafting method as follows:

1. stock is cut: cut off by stock from young sprout (stock) base portion 20 cm place, then connect with tooth the smooth kerf that cutter is whittled into about 2 centimeter length from top to bottom, the degree of depth is suitable with a little wooden position of pruning, again the cortex of a little xylem of band is cut 2/3rds, so that lay and bundle scion.

2. scion is cut: select the branch (should be little unsuitable large) close with stock rugosity, branch section with 1-3 bud position is cut and does scion, then smoothly a kerf is cut with budding knife from top to bottom in scion side, long identical with stock otch or a little longer, be deep to and cut 2/3rds xylems and be advisable, cut angle at 45 ° at otch rear end.

3. scion and binding is laid: stock is put in scion and cuts position, the cortex of scion and stock otch is made to match (as scion is little, the cortex on its one side is alignd with the cortex of stock), then with plastic film tape, graft union is wrapped up closely, then scion and bud grafting mouth sealed packet are tied.

(6) grafting quantity.During cutting strunk, if it is 5 sections that a strain tree retains major branch, the branch of 3 distributing equilibriums that the young sprout that every section of major branch grows is selected and remain makes stock, then strain connects the scion of about 15.

2, managing after grafting

(1) young sprout management: after stock is cut top, apical dominance is damaged, stock rudiment power below scion is strong, a large amount of nutrient can be consumed after stock rudiment, be unfavorable for that surviving of grafting grows with scion, must to erase as early as possible stock bud, every 5-7 days except stock bud 1 time, until scion well grows.

(2) pruning: to grow into the 2nd fluffy leaf aging when scion, starts to pinch when taking out the 3rd tip, promote its branch.Growth is sturdy, distribute rational bud to stay 2, and all the other are erased.To August, pinch through 3 times and stay bud process, every bar scion can form 8 bearing basal shoots, every strain tree has about 120 bearing basal shoots, form better tree crown (be specially half shape tree crown, be not subject to damage by disease and insect), ensure that there is higher output next year.

(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: disease is less, mainly prevents tail noctuid, leaf cecidomyiia, cuts the harm to the tender tip, tender leaf such as leaf weevil, flat beak leafhopper.When bud sprouting has mung bean large, spray medicine 1 time, later spray medicine per week 1 time, long tip spray medicine 2-3 time.Available isocarbophos, dichlorvos, cypermethrin agricultural chemicals are prevented and treated, and rotation medication, till blade is aging.

The Different Cultivars of Mangifera indica improvement of the application adopts on the basis of original fruit tree sets retraction greatly, carry out American Red mango, scion gathers, the technology such as grafting, carry out the breed improvement of scale to veteran orchard, from improving the breed and improving culture technique, make great efforts to explore the economic benefit improving mango plantation, shorten implantation time, adopt and change hat technology, be conducive to constantly improving the breed.Cultivar replacing is regenerated fast, the improved seeds that can at any time new varieties be selected in time grafting on ready-made tree.Because plant root is powerful, trunk infusion is sufficient, can promote that tree crown is formed rapidly.Therefore, can accomplish grafted cucumber then, secondary annual bearing, proportion is newly planted and is shortened about 2 years campaign.Make into age low yield orchard inferior and become the orchard of high yield, high-quality, high financial profit in a short time.Red mango is high to be connect and changes hat technology and be through the technological achievement that production experience for many years obtains.

By implementing red mango grafting, dwarfing culture and Demonstration And Extension, set up and improve red mango industry standard system, drive with demoncal ration and radiation, strengthen the technology awareness of peasant, improve yield per unit area and the fresh fruit quality of mango, realize mango industrial added value more than 100,000,000 yuan.Continuous enhancing farmers' income, and the handgrip of hat technology exemplarily popularization is changed by changing item, change the traditional planting models of domestic enterprise and peasant, improve traditional planting patterns of domestic enterprise and peasant, improve traditional planting patterns of domestic enterprise and peasant, improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural production at that time, form further occupation rate of market and the high agriculture and country industry of social popularity, strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural product.

This technology is in mango base, 350 mu, Bao Zhe village, Huang Liu town, Le Dong county, this ground region soil is sandy loam and red sandy loam, average annual temperature more than 20 DEG C, and accumulated temperature is 8037.3 DEG C, sunshine in year, timeliness reached 2477.9 hours, annual rainfall is 1653.3mm, and have obvious dry season and rainy season point, the gradient is between 10-20 DEG C, seat north orientation south, it is convenient to irrigate, benign climate, have a good transport service, mango average yield per mu is more than 1500 kilograms, more Zao than other producing regions about one month of Time To Market simultaneously, it is the ideal area building the red mango of nuisanceless precocity, this technology is implemented feasible.

Development in science and technology initiatively combines with economy by this programme, particularly medium-sized and small enterprises and agriculture, rural areas and farmers crack development problem to help enterprise, improve enterprise independent innovation ability and strengthen core competitiveness, yellow family Orchard Construction 350 mu of high-qualitys in Bao Zhe village, Huang Liu town, Le Dong county, precocious, nuisanceless red mango Demonstration And Extension base, build base employing at this and set retraction greatly, scion gathers, carry out red awns grafting, dwarfing culture and Demonstration And Extension, American Red mango is cultivated in main grafting, " hair is public " the red mango of board and red highest-ranking imperial concubine are yielded positive results next year, output is high, fruit is excellent, this veteran changes hat pattern can bring economic benefit and social benefit to company and peasant, and it is market-oriented to run quickly, take distinguishing products as core, be rely on new and high technology, by American Red mango, the public board mango of hair, court of a feudal ruler husband's board mango, happy dish board mango is produced, processing, trade is carried out in transportation and sales, work, agriculture integration, the integration of production, supply and marketing is managed, happy eastern regional high-quality mango industry is become there is good economic benefit and there is certain anti-market risk ability improve industrial system, the technology of this veteran retraction is not only to the economy of locality and the generation active influence of getting rich of peasant, and the mango industry in Hainan is produced, found and form a collection of famous agricultural product brand with international competitiveness, the raising tool of the Hainan Mango Industry industrialization level of production is of great significance.

Claims (2)

1. high the connecing of red mango changes a hat method, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) grafting process,

A, cutting strunk and cultivation stock: the mango about 10 ages, will in liftoff 1.2-1.5 rice eminence cutting strunk, retain original trunk and one section, major branch, after major branch sprouts, every bar major branch is selected and remain 3 robust growth, distribute rational branch, and all the other should be erased early, carries out height and connect when the bud stayed reaches grafting rugosity; The cutting strunk time is after fruit picking and in August, method uses saw cutting strunk, in order to avoid tear limb; The mango in 4-6 age, major branch is little, can directly grafting on major branch, cutting strunk need not cultivate stock in advance;

B, grafting time: in April in next year;

C, change hat Fruit variety high yield and high quality, commodity performance is good, more disease-resistant, price is good new varieties; As red highest-ranking imperial concubine awns, Jin Huangmang, too No. one, agriculture;

D) the choosing of budling: growth selection stalwartness is enriched, eye is full was not subject to damage by disease and insect or was not that the branch of yielding positive results does scion;

E, grafting: mango grafting adopts cut-grafting method;

F, grafting quantity: during cutting strunk, if it is 5 sections that a strain tree retains major branch, the branch of 3 distributing equilibriums that the young sprout that every section of major branch grows is selected and remain makes stock, then strain connects the scion of 15;

(2) managing after grafting,

A, young sprout manage: after stock is cut top, remove stock bud 1 time, until scion well grows every 5-7 days;

B, pruning: when scion, to grow into the 2nd fluffy leaf aging, starts to pinch when taking out the 3rd tip, promote its branch; Growth is sturdy, distribute rational bud to stay 2, and all the other are erased; To August, pinch through 3 times and stay bud process, every bar scion forms 8 bearing basal shoots, and every strain tree has 120 bearing basal shoots, forms better tree crown, ensures that there is higher output next year;

C, the extermination of disease and insect pest: when bud sprouting has mung bean large, spray medicine 1 time, later spray medicine per week 1 time, long tip spray medicine 2-3 time; With isocarbophos, dichlorvos, cypermethrin agricultural chemicals and be mixed with bactericide, tpn, phenyl ether methyl cyclic file prevent and treat, rotation medication, till blade is aging.

2. high the connecing of red mango according to claim 1 changes hat method, it is characterized in that, in described E step, the concrete operations of the cut-grafting method of grafting are as follows:

E1, cutting stock: stock is cut off in base portion 20 centimeters from stock young sprout, then connect with tooth the smooth kerf that cutter is whittled into 2 centimeter length from top to bottom, the degree of depth is suitable with a little wooden position of pruning, then the cortex of a little xylem of band is cut 2/3rds, so that lay and bundle scion;

E2, cut scion: select the branch close with stock rugosity, branch section with 1-3 bud position is cut and does scion, then smoothly a kerf is cut with budding knife from top to bottom in scion side, long identical with stock otch or a little longer, be deep to and cut 2/3rds xylems and be advisable, cut angle at 45 ° at otch rear end;

E3, lay scion and binding: stock is put in scion and cuts position, the cortex of scion and stock otch is matched, then with plastic film tape by graft union wrapping closely, then scion and bud grafting mouth sealed packet to be tied.