CN109168386B - Method for quickly improving peach orchard soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly improving peach orchard soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168386B CN109168386B CN201810923455.9A CN201810923455A CN109168386B CN 109168386 B CN109168386 B CN 109168386B CN 201810923455 A CN201810923455 A CN 201810923455A CN 109168386 B CN109168386 B CN 109168386B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for quickly improving soil of a peach orchard. The method comprises (1) leveling the ground; (2) deep ploughing of the land; (3) leveling; (4) and (5) planting. According to the method for quickly improving the soil of the peach orchard, the soil structure can be effectively improved after the soil is deeply ploughed, the porosity is increased, the volume weight is reduced, the water retention and air permeability are increased, and the absorption range of the root system of the peach tree is favorably expanded; the organic fertilizer is prepared by combining manure, mushroom bran, bioactive enzyme and biological organic matter, can improve the physical properties of soil, activate the soil, solve the problem of nutrient imbalance in the soil, and is beneficial to improving the soil fertility to ensure vigorous production of peach trees, thereby achieving the effects of increasing yield and improving quality; the used adsorbent, the chelating agent and the organic material have a synergistic effect, so that the soil activation is improved, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the stress resistance of the peach trees can be improved, and the economic life of the peach trees is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for quickly improving soil of a peach orchard.
Background
Modern agriculture is based on the premise of using a large amount of chemical fertilizers for crop cultivation. The use of such chemical fertilizers in large quantities has various problems, such as resource exhaustion, crisis in grain production, low absorption rate of chemical fertilizers, soil loss, environmental pollution, soil hardening, yield reduction, food safety, and the like. But also causes the soil fertility decline and the productivity decline, and simultaneously causes the soil granular structure to be destroyed, the porosity to be reduced, the volume weight to be increased, the water retention and air permeability to be reduced, and causes the soil to have the problems of heavy metal accumulation, serious salinization and the like. Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the key point of urgent need to be overcome in modern agriculture.
The method of using organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and matching with microbial fertilizer is the most advanced and reasonable fertilizing method in modern agriculture, but the effectiveness and quick-acting performance of the organic fertilizer depend on the performance of the microbial fertilizer, so that a stable, mature and powerful biological bacterial fertilizer is essential in modern agriculture. However, the organic biological bacterial fertilizer produced by the prior art has immature flora, short period of validity, incapability of long-term storage and unstable effect, and limits the popularization and use of the biological bacterial fertilizer in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the growth and development of peach trees are seriously influenced and the tree vigor is easy to weaken due to the fact that the peach trees are heavy in texture, poor in air permeability and low in organic matter content, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly improving the peach orchard soil.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the invention adopts the following technical method:
a method for rapidly improving peach orchard soil specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the foundation construction of the field is completed, flattening the field;
(2) deep ploughing of the land: deeply turning the leveled earth surface to 50-70cm in depth; in the deep ploughing process, uniformly applying an adsorbent, a chelating agent and an organic material, and ploughing into soil;
(3) leveling: leveling the deeply ploughed land by a land leveling machine;
(4) planting: planting peach trees on the deeply ploughed and leveled land, and then opening fertilizing ditches 50cm deep and 50cm wide on two sides of the peach trees in winter every year and applying organic fertilizer.
Furthermore, the adsorbent is composed of natural zeolite and bamboo charcoal according to the mass ratio of 1:1-3, and the dosage is 0.3-0.5 ton/mu, preferably 0.4 ton/mu.
Further, the preparation method of the chelating agent comprises the steps of dissolving 3-5 parts of sodium alginate, 5-8 parts of chitosan, 2-4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1-3 parts of ammonium nitrate and 1-2 parts of sodium borate in 10-20 parts of acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1-5%; 1200-1400r/min stirring for dissolving, and gradually adding 4-6 parts of calcium chloride aqueous solution; finally, the chelating agent is obtained under the stirring state of 500-800r/min, and the dosage is 0.1-0.3 ton/mu, preferably 0.3 ton/mu.
Furthermore, the organic materials are one or more of turf, bran coat, grass clippings and plant straws, and the dosage is 0.8 to 1 ton/mu, preferably 0.9 ton/mu.
Further, the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 35-45 parts of manure, 10-15 parts of mushroom bran, 1-5 parts of bioactive enzyme and 10-20 parts of biological organic matter, wherein the dosage is 1-1.5 tons/mu, and the preferred dosage is 1.3 tons/mu.
Further, the manure consists of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure in a weight ratio of 1:1: 2; the mushroom bran consists of soybean mushroom bran and straw mushroom bran according to the weight ratio of 2: 1; the biological active enzyme is composed of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:2: 3; the biological organic matter is composed of rapeseed cake and plant ash according to a weight ratio of 3: 1.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing manure, mushroom bran and biological organic matters, fermenting, adjusting temperature and moisture in the fermentation process, adding bioactive enzyme, turning over and stirring, namely crushing organic materials, and performing composting fermentation and decomposition to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer; and then, fully stacking the fermented mixture for continuous fermentation to obtain the required organic fertilizer.
Further, the temperature of stacking fermentation is 45-55 ℃, the water content is 45-50%, the fermentation time is 50-60 days, and the stack is turned once every 15 days.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for quickly improving the soil of the peach orchard, the soil structure can be effectively improved after the soil is deeply ploughed, the porosity is increased, the volume weight is reduced, the water retention and air permeability are increased, and the method is favorable for expanding the absorption range of the root system of the peach tree.
(2) According to the method for quickly improving the peach orchard soil, the organic fertilizer is a method combining manure, mushroom bran, bioactive enzyme and biological organic matter, so that the physical properties of the soil can be improved, the soil can be activated, the problem of nutrient imbalance in the soil can be solved, the soil fertility can be improved, the peach trees can grow vigorously, and the effects of increasing yield and improving quality can be achieved.
(3) According to the method for quickly improving the peach orchard soil, the used adsorbent, the used chelating agent and the used organic material have a synergistic promoting effect, the soil activation is improved, the absorption and the utilization of fertilizers by peach trees are facilitated, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved, the stress resistance of the peach trees can be improved, and the economic life of the peach trees is prolonged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method for rapidly improving peach orchard soil specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the foundation construction of the field is completed, flattening the field;
(2) deep ploughing of the land: deeply turning the leveled earth surface to 50-70cm in depth; in the deep ploughing process, uniformly applying an adsorbent, a chelating agent and an organic material, and ploughing into soil;
(3) leveling: leveling the deeply ploughed land by a land leveling machine;
(4) planting: planting peach trees on the deeply ploughed and leveled land, opening fertilizing ditches 50cm deep and 50cm wide on two sides of the peach trees in winter every year, and applying organic fertilizer along with the growth period of the peach trees.
The adsorbent is composed of natural zeolite and bamboo charcoal according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the dosage is 0.4 ton/mu;
the preparation method of the chelating agent comprises the steps of dissolving 3 parts of sodium alginate, 8 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of ammonium nitrate and 2 parts of sodium borate in 20 parts of acetic acid water solution with the mass fraction of 5%; dissolving the mixture under high-speed stirring at 1400r/min, and gradually adding 6 parts of calcium chloride aqueous solution; finally, the chelating agent is obtained under the stirring state of 800r/min, and the dosage is 0.3 ton/mu.
The organic material is turf, and the dosage is 0.9 ton/mu.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 35 parts of manure, 15 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of bioactive enzyme and 20 parts of biological organic matter, wherein the using amount is 1.3 tons/mu; the manure is composed of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2; the mushroom bran consists of soybean mushroom bran and straw mushroom bran according to the weight ratio of 2: 1; the biological active enzyme is composed of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:2: 3; the biological organic matter is composed of rapeseed cake and plant ash according to a weight ratio of 3: 1.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing manure, mushroom bran and biological organic matters, fermenting, adjusting the temperature to 55 ℃ and the water content to 50% in the fermentation process, adding bioactive enzyme to carry out pile turning and stirring, namely, crushing organic materials, carrying out composting fermentation and decomposition, and fermenting for 60 days to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer; the required organic fertilizer is obtained.
Example 2
A method for rapidly improving peach orchard soil specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the foundation construction of the field is completed, flattening the field;
(2) deep ploughing of the land: deeply turning the leveled earth surface to 50-70cm in depth; in the deep ploughing process, uniformly applying an adsorbent, a chelating agent and an organic material, and ploughing into soil;
(3) leveling: leveling the deeply ploughed land by a land leveling machine;
(4) planting: planting peach trees on the deeply ploughed and leveled land, opening fertilizing ditches with the depth of 50cm and the width of 50cm on two sides of the peach trees, and applying organic fertilizer along with the growth cycle of the peach trees.
The adsorbent is composed of natural zeolite and bamboo charcoal according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the dosage is 0.3 ton/mu;
the preparation method of the chelating agent comprises the steps of dissolving 4 parts of sodium alginate, 6 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of ammonium nitrate and 1 part of sodium borate in 15 parts of acetic acid water solution with the mass fraction of 3%; dissolving the mixture under high-speed stirring at 1300r/min, and gradually adding 5 parts of calcium chloride aqueous solution; finally, the chelating agent is obtained under the stirring state of 650r/min, and the dosage is 0.1 ton/mu.
The organic material is bran coat, and the dosage is 0.8 ton/mu.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 40 parts of manure, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 3 parts of bioactive enzyme and 15 parts of biological organic matter, wherein the using amount is 1 ton/mu; the manure is composed of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2; the mushroom bran consists of soybean mushroom bran and straw mushroom bran according to the weight ratio of 2: 1; the biological active enzyme is composed of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:2: 3; the biological organic matter is composed of rapeseed cake and plant ash according to a weight ratio of 3: 1.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing manure, mushroom bran and biological organic matters, then feeding the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adjusting the temperature to 60 ℃ and the water content to 45% in the fermentation process, adding bioactive enzyme for turning and stirring, namely crushing organic materials, then performing composting fermentation and decomposition, and fermenting for 50 days to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer; the required organic fertilizer is obtained.
Example 3
A method for rapidly improving peach orchard soil specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the foundation construction of the field is completed, flattening the field;
(2) deep ploughing of the land: deeply turning the leveled earth surface to 50-70cm in depth; in the deep ploughing process, uniformly applying an adsorbent, a chelating agent and an organic material, and ploughing into soil;
(3) leveling: leveling the deeply ploughed land by a land leveling machine;
(4) planting: planting peach trees on the deeply ploughed and leveled land, opening fertilizing ditches with the depth of 50cm and the width of 50cm on two sides of the peach trees, and applying organic fertilizer along with the growth cycle of the peach trees.
The adsorbent is composed of natural zeolite and bamboo charcoal according to the mass ratio of 1:2, and the dosage is 0.5 ton/mu;
the preparation method of the chelating agent comprises the steps of dissolving 5 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1 part of ammonium nitrate and 1 part of sodium borate in 10 parts of acetic acid water solution with the mass fraction of 1%; dissolving under high-speed stirring at 1200r/min, and gradually adding 4 parts of calcium chloride aqueous solution; finally, the chelating agent is obtained under the stirring state of 500r/min, and the dosage is 0.2 ton/mu.
The organic materials are grass clippings, and the dosage is 1 ton/mu.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 45 parts of manure, 10 parts of mushroom bran, 1 part of bioactive enzyme and 10 parts of biological organic matter, wherein the using amount is 1.5 tons/mu; the manure is composed of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2; the mushroom bran consists of soybean mushroom bran and straw mushroom bran according to the weight ratio of 2: 1; the biological active enzyme is composed of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:2: 3; the biological organic matter is composed of rapeseed cake and plant ash according to a weight ratio of 3: 1.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing manure, mushroom bran and biological organic matters, then feeding the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adjusting the temperature to 50 ℃ and the water content to 50% in the fermentation process, adding bioactive enzyme for turning and stirring, namely crushing organic materials, then performing composting fermentation and decomposition, and fermenting for 50 days to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer; the required organic fertilizer is obtained.
The land of example 1 was selected, two years of peaches were used as test material, and a single plant plot was used, and the two times were repeated. And digging a soil section with the width of 1.5m and the depth of 70cm at a position 1.5m away from the trunk of the peach tree. And investigating the vertical distribution condition of the root system of the peach tree two years after the soil is deeply ploughed, and taking the situation that the root system of the peach tree is not deeply ploughed as a control.
TABLE 1 influence of deep ploughing on the root distribution of peach trees
As can be seen from the table 1, with the increase of the depth of the soil layer, the root system of the peach tree growing in the soil after deep ploughing is obviously more than that of the soil without deep ploughing, which shows that the soil structure can be effectively improved after deep ploughing, the porosity is increased, the volume weight is reduced, the water retention and air permeability are increased, and the absorption range of the root system of the peach tree is favorably expanded.
TABLE 2 soil improvement effect after 2 years of deep ploughing
As can be seen from Table 2, the volume weight of the soil of different levels is obviously reduced after the soil is ploughed; the water in the deeply ploughed soil is easily absorbed and utilized by the plants on the earth surface, and the roots of the plants are difficult to extend into the soil to absorb the water because the soil layer is compact.
TABLE 3 actual density of 2 year deep ploughing effect
As can be seen from Table 3, the proportion of 100 peaches selected from the peach trees to which the organic fertilizer is applied is large, the distribution of the mass distribution interval is narrow, the proportion of the peach fruits bearing the peach trees which are not fertilized and are subjected to chemical fertilizer application is reduced, and the mass distribution interval is large, so that the organic fertilizer can improve the physical properties of soil, activate the soil, solve the problem of unbalanced nutrition in the soil, be beneficial to improving the soil fertility, enable the peach trees to grow vigorously, and achieve the effects of increasing the yield and enhancing the quality.
In light of the above-described embodiments of the present invention, it is clear that many modifications and variations can be made by the worker skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for rapidly improving peach orchard soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after the foundation construction of the field is completed, flattening the field;
(2) deep ploughing of the land: deeply ploughing the leveled land to 50-70 cm; in the deep ploughing process, uniformly applying an adsorbent, a chelating agent and an organic material, and ploughing into soil;
(3) leveling: leveling the deeply ploughed land by a land leveling machine;
(4) planting: planting peach trees on the deeply ploughed and leveled land, opening fertilizing ditches with the depth of 50cm and the width of 50cm on two sides of the peach trees, and applying organic fertilizer along with the growth cycle of the peach trees;
the adsorbent is composed of natural zeolite and bamboo charcoal according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and the dosage is 0.3 ton/mu;
the preparation method of the chelating agent comprises the steps of dissolving 4 parts of sodium alginate, 6 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 2 parts of ammonium nitrate and 1 part of sodium borate in 15 parts of acetic acid water solution with the mass fraction of 3%; dissolving the mixture under high-speed stirring at 1300r/min, and gradually adding 5 parts of calcium chloride aqueous solution; finally, under the stirring state of 650r/min, the chelating agent is obtained, and the dosage is 0.1 ton/mu;
the organic material is bran coat, and the dosage is 0.8 ton/mu;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components: 40 parts of manure, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 3 parts of bioactive enzyme and 15 parts of biological organic matter, wherein the using amount is 1 ton/mu; the manure is composed of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2; the mushroom bran consists of soybean mushroom bran and straw mushroom bran according to the weight ratio of 2: 1; the biological active enzyme is composed of saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:2: 3; the biological organic matter is composed of rapeseed cake dregs and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 3: 1;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing manure, mushroom bran and biological organic matters, then feeding the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, adjusting the temperature to 60 ℃ and the water content to 45% in the fermentation process, adding bioactive enzyme for turning and stirring, then crushing organic materials, performing composting fermentation and decomposition, and fermenting for 50 days to obtain decomposed organic fertilizer; the required organic fertilizer is obtained.
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CN110915515A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-27 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for covering and planting orychophragmus violaceus in peach orchard |
CN112243625A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-22 | 嘉兴易久农业科技有限责任公司 | Soil organic matter improvement method and organic fertilizer used by same |
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CN103430724A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 王运海 | Atractylodes lancea planting method |
CN104624620A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-05-20 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Method for recovering vegetation on strong-acid tailing waste land without soil |
JP2016017000A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-02-01 | 愛知製鋼株式会社 | Plant growth promoter and fertilizer |
CN106508160A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-22 | 广东盆地号生物产业有限公司 | Soil improvement method |
CN108293352A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-07-20 | 张家口润雨生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of soil improvement |
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CN103430724A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 王运海 | Atractylodes lancea planting method |
JP2016017000A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-02-01 | 愛知製鋼株式会社 | Plant growth promoter and fertilizer |
CN104624620A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-05-20 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | Method for recovering vegetation on strong-acid tailing waste land without soil |
CN106508160A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-22 | 广东盆地号生物产业有限公司 | Soil improvement method |
CN108293352A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-07-20 | 张家口润雨生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of soil improvement |
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