CN104624620A - Method for recovering vegetation on strong-acid tailing waste land without soil - Google Patents
Method for recovering vegetation on strong-acid tailing waste land without soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering vegetation on a strong-acid tailing waste land without soil. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: A. performing early-stage preparations, and draining off water; B. changing the pH value of the land; C. culturing the fertility of the tailing waste land; D. screening and culturing plant varieties; and F. managing transplanted seedlings. The method has the advantages that by adopting the method for recovering the vegetation without soil, disturbance to the tailing land is reduced, and the purposes that water can be drained off, the influence of acid water to the vegetation can be alleviated, the heavy metals can be stabilized, and the living environment of plants is improved are achieved. In addition, according to the method, the cost is low, the effect taking is rapid, the effect is good and the operability is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of Disused tailing land being carried out to revegetation, relate in particular to heavy metal mine, as: the Disused tailing land in the mines such as copper mine, Pb-Zn deposits, gold mine, troilite shows has the extremely low extreme nature of highly acid, heavy metal pollution, nutriment, and vegetation cannot clear-cutting forestland.The method of specifically a kind of highly acid Disused tailing land not earthing revegetation.
Background technology
Mine tailing due to mine ore dressing generation is through special " soil " of the pure slag muck collection of the ore after a series of processing, and normal " soil " that its physicochemical property and plant depend on for existence has larger difference, totally unfavorable to revegetation; The Tailings Dam in heavy metal mine generally has the feature such as highly acid pollution, heavy metal pollution, nutriment is extremely low, grain thickness differs, preserve moisture and fertility ability, severe water and soil erosion, belongs to the somatomedin being difficult to recover vegetation.Under general environment condition, even if the place, surface that mine tailing covers is idle for many years, also not even a blade of grass grows, and top layer is hardened seriously, and pole is unfavorable for the growth of plant.Mine tailing covers land resource, causes many difficult problems to mining industry, environment and economic dispatch.
Therefore, several hang-ups of facing of Tailings Dam ecological recovery:
(1) extreme pH value characteristic is shown
Copper mine, Pb-Zn deposits, troilite, because ore itself is containing a large amount of sulphur, does not carry out sulfur removal technology process, enter Tailings Dam rear oxidation, show extreme pH value (being less than 4.5, even close to 2.0) after ore dressing.Because most plants suitable growth is in the soil environment close to neutrality, this strong acidic environment not only has strong inhibitory action to the growth of plant, but also can aggravate leaching ability of heavy metal and toxicity, causes soil nutrient not enough simultaneously.In addition, in acid condition, a large amount of heavy metal ion and toxicity salt enter soil, can affect edaphon and soil enzyme activities, and then affect the absorption of root system of plant to nutrition and moisture.
(2) heavy metal pollution
Main manifestations is the heavy metals exceeding standards such as copper, lead, zinc, and excessive copper ion can cause very large obstruction to the sprouting of vegetable seeds, affects its mitosis process; Meanwhile, copper ion is too high also can affect the absorption of plant to nutritional labelings such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and also can cause severe jamming to the synthesis of plant chlorophyll, affects the normal growth of plant.
(3) nutriment needed for plant is deficient
The barren problem of mine tailing nutrition is the large obstacle that plant settles down growth.ASI systematic approach concerns plant seed germination, upgrowth situation, is one of the most basic key element needed for whole vegetation ecosystem.Mine tailing is owing to being the discarded object that beneficiation flowsheet chats rock is left over, and the content of organic matter extremely lacks, and can not supply plant normal growth desired nutritional far away.The soil organism is one of main source of plant nutrient, and it also can be grown by Promoting plant growth simultaneously, improves soil physical properties, promotes the activity of microorganism and soil animal.Scarcity organic in mine tailing, then greatly reduce the organic improvement facilitation for soil, plant, affect soil property, causes plant to be difficult to growth.
(4) very easily soil erosion
Because mine solid waste consolidation performance is bad, be easy to the erosion being subject to wind, water and air, especially after mine tailing weathers, there is etched groove, crack, cause the topsoil covered on mine tailing and barren rock to break in its surface, due to Action of Gravity Field, topsoil may be made to occur wriggling, topsoil stability is reduced and moves, and the unstability of this topsoil and displacement, all can the normal growth of heavy damage plant.
For the improvement of the highly acid Tailings Dam of above-mentioned condition, according to the knowledge of the applicant, with regard to domestic, take traditional ecological restoring method to the domestic highly acid Tailings Dam generality satisfied the requirements at present, namely smooth rear tailings ground surface carry out covering 30 ~ 60cm thickness not wait clay carry out vegetation again.Although the method can carry out revegetation to highly acid Disused tailing land preferably, cost is large, and cost is high, and also there is following problem: (1) earthing needs a large amount of Tu Yuan, and the exploitation of Tu Yuan very easily causes secondary ecological disruption.And mine tailing many places are in mountain region or trench, muck haulage of fetching earth is more difficult.
(2) Tailings Dam more than 90% that China is current is wet row's technique, and Settlement Consolidation is relatively slow, brings larger difficulty to the project implementation, and earthing Work machine equipment is difficult to walking, often increases cost of investment.
(3) for mill tailings storehouses such as copper mine, troilite, Pb-Zn deposits, because tailings is highly acid, earthing is excessively thin, easily produces acid returning phenomenon, causes planting plants to wither the phenomenon of even degenerating.
Based on above background, not earthing is taked in the soil that we are covered by typical highly acid mine tailing, directly carries out restoration of the ecosystem research to the mode that Disused tailing land carries out original position base material improvement, and achieves more significant achievement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the method of vegetation is carried out again for current domestic improvement highly acid take surface to carry out with polluting Disused tailing land generality clay that covering 30 ~ 60cm thickness do not wait, there is cost large, cost is high, and easily cause the problem of secondary ecological disruption, the method for a kind of highly acid Disused tailing land not direct revegetation of earthing is provided.Specifically, the invention provides the construction technology that a set of highly acid pollutes mine tailing not earthing revegetation, the method reduce the disturbance to mine tailing ground, can reach can draining, the impact of acid water on vegetation can be reduced again, stabilizing heavy metal, improve the object of the living environment of plant.And cost is low, instant effect, effective, workable.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A method for highly acid Disused tailing land not earthing revegetation, is characterized in that, comprise following process and step:
A, early-stage preparations:
(1) draining is carried out to highly acid Disused tailing land, allow rainwater discharge in order;
(2) Disused tailing land is polluted to highly acid and carry out sample examination analysis, draw the indices affecting plant growth;
B, improve the soil pH value of Disused tailing land:
(3) pollute Disused tailing land surface uniform at highly acid to execute and spill white lime;
(4) carry out top layer scarifying, allow lime mix with mine tailing surface layer soil, make it produce acid-base neutralization, improve the soil pH value of Disused tailing land;
C, cultivation Disused tailing land land fertility:
(5) in slowly-releasing and mine tailing in execute and spill soil improvement material, stabilizing heavy metal, improve the fertility in Disused tailing land soil;
D, kind of screening and cultivate plants:
(6) experiment screening resistance plant variety;
(7) nutritional bag is carried out to the resistance plant variety screened;
E, by stages by dissimilar plantling kind implant Disused tailing land:
(8) first grass (rattan) this plant seedling is implanted, and the sun-proof material which can retain moisture of coverage shading;
(9) after date when above-mentioned grass (rattan) this plant seedling survives and grows a section, then shrub seedling is transplanted;
(10) after date when above-mentioned herbaceous plant seedling and shrub seedling originally survive and grow a section, then arbor class seedling is transplanted;
Management after F, Nursery stock transplanting:
(11) at above-mentioned plantling kind implantation stage, strengthen planting the watering of nursery stock, diseases prevention insect protected, supplementary fertilizer, benefit;
G, Survival rate of nursery stock also grow the final-period management after stablizing:
(12) after above-mentioned rattan, grass, shrub and Tree growth stable formation mixed plant group, also will strengthen diseases prevention deinsectization, supplementary fertilizer etc. and foster, achieve self-sow, reach the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between plant, symbiosis is long altogether.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) alkaline matter that the present invention uses has higher water-soluble, and it can infiltrate mine tailing ground hole effectively, neutralizes excessive acid, mine tailing pH is raised fast, forms carbonate deposition and suppresses acidifying further.In addition, alkaline matter is also a kind of very effective metallic element fixative, can fix detection device for multi metallic elements.
(2) the present invention uses agriculture and industry waste, composite fertilizer, microorganism fungus kind soil, modifying agent etc. can be used as the fertile absorber of zwitterion, improve the buffer capacity of mine tailing, reduce the concentration of salinity, can also adsorb, chelating or complexation heavy metal ion, alleviate its toxicity, improve mining area mine tailing physical arrangement, improve its water holding fertilizer-preserving ability, for plant growth and growth provide required nutrient, and be released slowly in mine tailing.
(3) the present invention selects agriculture and industry waste as improved materials, the recycling of solid waste can be realized, effectively reduce the processing cost of agriculture and industry waste, reduce environmental pollution, reach the object of " treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another ", economic benefit, ecological benefits, social benefit are remarkable.
(4) the present invention improved the soil selection of time before rainy season, can ensure and obtain sufficient rainfall after improving the soil, the processes such as acid, heavy metal ion etc. in modifying agent and mine tailing neutralize fully, react, adsorb, precipitation, plant survival rate is high, final-period management less investment.
(5) the inventive method is simple, with the method for interpolation improved materials in hole in employing ditch, decreases the addition of improved materials, reduces improvement cost.The method is easy to grasp, and do not destroy mine tailing structure, improved effect is good, is suitable for large scale application.
(6) the present invention have passed through practice test, and method of proof is feasible, and revegetation is effective.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the implementing process process blocks schematic diagram of a kind of highly acid Disused tailing land of the present invention not method of earthing revegetation.
Detailed description of the invention
The feasibility of native vegetation repair technology is not planted in order to explore highly acid mine tailing, entrust by Jiangxi copper mine, we do not plant native vegetation ecological repairing research to certain Tailings Dam, probe into reasonable soil improvement pattern and the plant collocation cropping pattern of the Disused tailing land of applicable southern area.
Tailing waste ground surface is smooth, and surface is powder white sand shape, and lower floor is closely knit adhesion then, and the phenomenon that hardens is very serious; Whole Disused tailing land scope is without any plant growth, and surface temperature is high, lack of water, and water retention is poor; Soil layer is soft, and people tramples and can leave darker vestige, easy airborne dust, and easy water and soil leakage is serious.
For the situation of Disused tailing land, we have carried out field investigation, sample examination analysis, small indoor test, foliage filter screening and cultivation to this project, mine tailing soiless vegetation restorative procedure is polluted to highly acid and has carried out the exploration of omnibearing research, by the experiment of vegetation on the spot of continuous 3 years, this discarded ground acidification improves at present, land fertility is improved, and the high and well-grown of various plant survival rate, achieves reasonable effect.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the method for a kind of highly acid Disused tailing land of the present invention not earthing revegetation
Implementing process process blocks schematic diagram; Its specific implementation method is as follows.
A method for highly acid Disused tailing land not earthing revegetation, comprises following process and step:
A, early-stage preparations:
(1) draining is carried out to highly acid Disused tailing land, allow rainwater discharge in order; Tailings Dam soiless vegetation is recovered region and is divided into several block of cells, adopt artificial ditching to separate between each block, ditch ridge is set in block, doublely can play the effect of draining.The degree of depth in gutter and width are 40 ~ 80cm, and the degree of depth of bar ditch and width are 10 ~ 30cm.Solving big machinery cannot in a difficult problem for mine tailing face operation, simple to operate, invests little;
(2) Disused tailing land is polluted to highly acid and carry out sample examination analysis, draw the indices affecting plant growth; Chemical examination refers to that the contamination index on mine tailing affects plant growth chemically examines, and sampling requirement represents the overall condition of whole community soil to greatest extent, and sampling depth is 0 ~ 20cm.Laboratory indexes includes but not limited to pH, clean produces sour pH(NAG-pH), redox index, heavy metal element, nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) etc.;
B, improve the soil pH value condition of Disused tailing land:
(3) pollute Disused tailing land surface uniform at highly acid to execute and spill white lime; Lime is the slow-release material of mine tailing acidity neutralization, and the even cloth of white lime should be adopted to spill.Result of laboratory test pH value is highly acid mine tailing between 2.0 ~ 3.5, and white lime consumption is 60 ~ 80t/ha, result of laboratory test pH value 3.5 ~ 4.5 highly acid mine tailing, white lime consumption is 30 ~ 60t/ha, and white lime CaO content must not lower than 85%;
(4) carry out top layer scarifying, allow lime mix with mine tailing surface layer soil, make it produce acid-base neutralization, improve the soil pH value of Disused tailing land; Manually top layer is carried out to mine tailing top layer and turn over rake pine, improve the gas permeability on mine tailing top layer, also for the neutralization of top layer mine tailing acidity, improvement possess basic condition;
C, cultivation Disused tailing land land fertility:
(5) in slowly-releasing and mine tailing in execute and spill soil improvement material; The improved materials added is the mixture of comprehensive improvement agent and fertilizer.The selection of modifying agent and proportioning are very crucial steps, are one of essential condition being related to improved effect.Consider the many factors such as mine tailing acidizing degree, heavy metal pollution degree, grain graininess, porosity, soil fertility.According to the feature of area to be repaired mine tailing, comprehensive many factors, selects suitable proportion, the suitable modifying agent of character or the combination of modifying agent.The addition composite fertilizer of modifying agent is 200 ~ 400 kg/ha, and fertilizer is 100 ~ 150 t/ha, water-loss reducer 300 ~ 400kg/ha, microorganism fungus kind soil 200 ~ 300t/ha, phosphate fertilizer 300 ~ 500kg/ha.Fertilizer can be work, the agricultural wastes such as rice husk, wood chip, municipal sludge, plant's ight soil, farm compost heels, the recycling of solid waste can be realized, effectively reduce the processing cost of agriculture and industry waste, reduce environmental pollution, reach the object of " treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another ", comprehensive benefit is remarkable.
D, kind of screening and cultivate plants:
(6) experiment sieving resistance plant variety, experiment sieving resistance plant variety, the mainly plant variety of suitable southern climates condition, the Dominant variety filtered out in the embodiment of the present invention has sesbania (the annual shrub of pulse family), pale persicaria (polygonaceae annual herb plant), beggar-ticks (composite family annual herb plant), Panicum repens (grass family herbaceos perennial), Artemisia capillaris (composite family herbaceos perennial), ramie (the perennial fruticuli of Urticaceae), Siberian cocklebur (composite family perennial root plant), paspalum notatum (grass family perennial herb cover plant), Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinaceas etc. are as pionner.Also suitably can adjust according to the local Tolerant Cultivars of project location.
(7) nutritional bag is carried out to the resistance plant variety screened;
E, by stages by dissimilar plantling kind implant Disused tailing land:
(8) first grass (rattan) this plant seedling is implanted, and the sun-proof material which can retain moisture of coverage shading; Cladding material can be stalk, non-woven geotextile, Shad density, moisturizing, prevent erosion and wash away, anti-bird.Stalk consumption 15 ~ 20t/ha, non-woven geotextile can adopt 16 ~ 30g/m
2specification.
(9) after date when above-mentioned grass (rattan) this plant seedling survives and grows a section, then shrub seedling is transplanted;
(10) after date when above-mentioned herbaceous plant seedling and shrub seedling originally survive and grow a section, then arbor class seedling is transplanted;
Above-mentioned steps (8), each breed combination pattern of (9) and (10) nursery stock are, 30% herbaceous plant (Panicum repens: Festuca Arundinacea: Bermuda grass: paspalum notatum: pale persicaria=3:2:2:1:2, can as the case may be reasonable disposition) Qiao of+30% legume+10%, feverfew+10% seed soil of shrub+20% carry plant.Herbaceous plant is as Xian Seams plant, and germinating growth is fast, can rapid Cover earth's surface, provides microbial growth environment.
Management after F, Nursery stock transplanting:
(11) at above-mentioned plantling kind implantation stage, strengthen planting the watering of nursery stock, diseases prevention insect protected, supplementary fertilizer, benefit; Management after Nursery stock transplanting is the critical period of plant growth, according to the growing way situation of plant, carry out benefit to plant or beta pruning, reduce the repellency between plant, mend the plant of planting and first should carry out patience cultivation, based on drought-enduring, acidproof, that Adsorption of Heavy Metals ability is strong Qiao, shrub, as ramie, Siberian cocklebur, locust tree, castor-oil plant etc.
G, Survival rate of nursery stock also grow the final-period management after stablizing:
(12) after above-mentioned rattan, grass, shrub and Tree growth stable formation mixed plant group, also will strengthen diseases prevention deinsectization, supplementary fertilizer etc. and foster, achieve self-sow, reach the mutual supplement with each other's advantages between plant, symbiosis is long altogether.
Other illustrates:
Repair strong acidization in improvement to pollute in the process of mine tailing, the selection of improvement time is particularly important, before improvement time generally will be arranged in rainy season, is Best Times before the March of September to the next year of the previous year.Can ensure like this and obtain sufficient rainfall after improving the soil, acid in modifying agent and soil, heavy metal ion etc. neutralized fully, react, adsorb, the process such as precipitation, reduce heavy metal toxicity, improve mine tailing physical arrangement, improve the ability of mine tailing water holding fertilizer conservation, meet the basic need that plant is settled down, grows.The agriculture and industry waste that the present invention selects, composite fertilizer, microorganism fungus kind soil can be used as the fertile absorber of zwitterion, the buffer capacity of mine tailing can be improved, reduce the concentration of salinity in mine tailing, also reduce its biology toxicity by the fixing heavy metal ion of the effect such as complexing, chelating, ion-exchange, Electrostatic Absorption, Covalent attachment, reduce the heavy metal ion diffusion of mine tailing or water body towards periphery and seepage.
By practice result of the present invention, adopt this invention from improvement, plant plant survival after six months, growth has possessed good living environment, successfully realizes being changed to natural deduction by artificial succession.
The present embodiment is the contrast of soil performance indications before and after enforcement, sees the following form 1:
As seen from the above table, after the invention process, the pH value in this soil, Disused tailing land top layer rises to 7.9 ± 2.2 by 2.56 ± 0.01 before implementing; EC(electrical conductivity, for measuring the concentration of soluble-salt in soil, the degree that hardens of reflect soil, more greatly, is then more unfavorable for the growth of plant) be down to 0.95 ± 0.45 by 2.34 ± 0.1; EH(oxidation-reduction potential, for measuring the redox state of soil) be down to 280 ± 74 by 595 ± 10; NAG-pH(produces sour Ph only, and for measuring the index of soil acidification potentiality, less, then acid producing ability is stronger, otherwise more weak) rise to 3.8 ± 1.2 total copper by 2.84 ± 0.02 and be down to 14 ± 10 by 678 ± 64.The pH value of top layer mine tailing improves 40%, reaches the pH scope of normal plant.Can be found out by subordinate list 1, after implementing the inventive method, the various indexs of limiting plant growth all obtain good improvement.
Above content is further description made for the present invention; can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these; for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; some equivalent alternative or obvious modification are made under the prerequisite not departing from the novel design of this patent; and performance or purposes identical, then should be considered as belonging to novel the protected scope of this patent.
Claims (3)
1. a method for highly acid Disused tailing land not earthing revegetation, is characterized in that, comprise following process and step:
A, early-stage preparations:
(1) draining is carried out to highly acid Disused tailing land;
(2) Disused tailing land is polluted to highly acid and carry out sample examination analysis;
B, improve the soil pH value of Disused tailing land:
(3) pollute Disused tailing land surface uniform at highly acid to execute and spill white lime;
(4) top layer scarifying is carried out;
C, cultivation Disused tailing land land fertility:
(5) in slowly-releasing and mine tailing in execute and spill soil improvement material;
D, kind of screening and cultivate plants:
(6) experiment screening resistance plant variety;
(7) nutritional bag is carried out to the resistance plant variety screened;
E, by stages by dissimilar plantling kind implant Disused tailing land:
(8) first this plant seedling of wild vetch is implanted, and the sun-proof material which can retain moisture of coverage shading;
(9) after date when above-mentioned grass (rattan) this plant seedling survives and grows a section, then shrub seedling is transplanted;
(10) after date when above-mentioned herbaceous plant seedling and shrub seedling originally survive and grow a section, then arbor class seedling is transplanted;
Management after F, Nursery stock transplanting:
(11) at above-mentioned plantling kind implantation stage, strengthen planting the watering of nursery stock, diseases prevention insect protected, supplementary fertilizer, benefit;
G, Survival rate of nursery stock also grow the final-period management after stablizing:
(12) after above-mentioned rattan, grass, shrub and Tree growth stable formation mixed plant group, also diseases prevention deinsectization, supplementary fertilizer to be strengthened.
2. the method for a kind of highly acid Disused tailing land as claimed in claim 1 not earthing revegetation, it is characterized in that, draining described in step (1) comprise to Tailings Dam soiless vegetation recover region be divided into several block of cells, artificial ditching is adopted to separate between each block, ditch ridge is set in block, the degree of depth in gutter and width are 40 ~ 80cm, and the degree of depth of bar ditch and width are 10 ~ 30cm.
3. the method for a kind of highly acid Disused tailing land as claimed in claim 1 not earthing revegetation, it is characterized in that, the addition composite fertilizer that described step (5) soil improvement material comprises modifying agent is 200 ~ 400 kg/ha, fertilizer is 100 ~ 150 t/ha, water-loss reducer 300 ~ 400kg/ha, microorganism fungus kind soil 200 ~ 300t/ha, phosphate fertilizer 300 ~ 500kg/ha, described fertilizer is work, the agricultural wastes such as rice husk, wood chip, municipal sludge, plant's ight soil, farm compost heels.
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