CN109168356A - A kind of cultivated seeder of wheat narrow row line - Google Patents

A kind of cultivated seeder of wheat narrow row line Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109168356A
CN109168356A CN201810976310.5A CN201810976310A CN109168356A CN 109168356 A CN109168356 A CN 109168356A CN 201810976310 A CN201810976310 A CN 201810976310A CN 109168356 A CN109168356 A CN 109168356A
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China
Prior art keywords
side wall
fixedly connected
plants case
seeder
discharging tube
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Granted
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CN201810976310.5A
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CN109168356B (en
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许明
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Binzhou grassland Jinmao animal husbandry Co.,Ltd.
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许明
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B35/00Other machines for working soil not specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B35/20Tools; Details
    • A01B35/22Non-rotating tools; Resilient or flexible mounting of rigid tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00Sowing
    • A01C7/006Minimum till seeding

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wheat narrow row lines to plough seeder, including plants case, suspension is fixedly connected on the side wall of the plants case, the lower end of the plants case is equipped with multiple sowing ports, the lower end of the plants case is fixedly connected with multiple discharging tubes, each discharging tube cooperates with sowing port, through equipped with shaft on the side wall of each discharging tube, each shaft and discharging tube are rotatablely connected, seed wheel is fixedly connected on the side wall of each shaft, intermittent motion device is equipped on the side wall of each discharging tube, the lower end of each discharging tube is fixedly connected to seed spout, soil-breaking spade is arranged on the side wall of each seed spout.The present invention controls the rotation of motor using single-chip microcontroller, so that the speed of seed wheel control seeds fall is controlled, to achieve the purpose that precisely to plant, realize the requirement of " line increment does not increase grain ", for the height of soil-breaking spade convenient for adjusting, tilling depth can be improved percentage of seedgermination convenient for control.

Description

A kind of cultivated seeder of wheat narrow row line
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural machinery technological fields more particularly to a kind of wheat narrow row line to plough seeder.
Background technique
Conservation tillage is taken and is minimal tilled or no-tillage method using do mechanization operation as main means, and farming is reduced to only It can guarantee germination, with agricultural crop straw and crop residue cover earth's surface, and mainly control weeds and disease pest with pesticide A kind of harmful farming technique.Wheat no-tillage planter is a kind of important machine in conservation tillage Mechanization Technique implementation process Tool, equipment operation are broken ground less, and soil moisture volatilization is few.Existing wheat no-tillage planter congestion in order to prevent, using biography The open delivery drill of system, the application rate of wheat per acre is very big, and spacing in the rows is close, so that arable land space utilization is uneven, wheat growth is gathered around It squeezes, seriously affects strong sprout before the winter, also become one of the obstacle for improving yield.For improve wheat growing space utilization rate, in agriculture The requirement of " line increment does not increase seed " is proposed in terms of skill, wheat seed is changed in the distribution in field, soil space can be efficiently used, Promote wheat tillering, so that wheat yield is improved, and existing no-tillage seeding machine cannot achieve the requirement of " line increment does not increase grain ".It wants Reach the requirement of " line increment does not increase grain ", must just use and realize precisely plantation, control the whereabouts of seed, meanwhile, existing sowing Machine soil-breaking spade height adjustment is inconvenient, is difficult to control tilling depth, influences the germination of seed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve disadvantages existing in the prior art, and a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed is ploughed and broadcast Kind machine, using the rotation of single-chip microcontroller control motor, so that the speed of seed wheel control seeds fall is controlled, to reach accurate The purpose of plantation realizes the requirement of " line increment does not increase grain ", and convenient for adjusting, tilling depth can be improved the height of soil-breaking spade convenient for control Percentage of seedgermination.
To achieve the goals above, present invention employs following technical solutions:
A kind of wheat narrow row line ploughs seeder, including plants case, is fixedly connected with suspension on the side wall of the plants case, and described kind The lower end of case is equipped with multiple sowing ports, and the lower end of the plants case is fixedly connected with multiple discharging tubes, each discharging tube with Sowing port cooperates, and through shaft is equipped on the side wall of each discharging tube, each shaft and discharging tube are rotated It connects, is fixedly connected to seed wheel on the side wall of each shaft, interval is equipped on the side wall of each discharging tube Telecontrol equipment, the lower end of each discharging tube are fixedly connected to seed spout, are arranged on the side wall of each seed spout There is soil-breaking spade, the soil-breaking spade is slidably connected with seed spout, and the side wall of the soil-breaking spade is equipped with height adjustment device, and described kind It is symmetrically fixedly connected on the side wall of case there are two supporting leg, is rotatably connected to idler wheel on the side wall of two supporting legs, The side wall of the plants case is equipped with control device.
Preferably, the intermittent motion device includes the fixed frame being fixedly connected on the side wall of discharging tube, the fixation Motor is fixedly connected on the side wall of frame, the output shaft of the motor runs through fixed frame, fixed company on the output shaft of the motor It is connected to connecting rod, ratchet is fixedly connected on the side wall of the shaft, connecting plate is rotatably connected on the side wall of the shaft, it is described The side wall of connecting plate is equipped with sliding slot, slidably connects sliding block in the sliding slot, and the one of output shaft of the connecting rod far from motor End is rotatablely connected with sliding block, and the first fixed block is fixedly connected on the side wall of the connecting plate, is turned on the side wall of the connecting plate It is dynamic to be connected with pawl, the first spring is equipped between the pawl and the first fixed block, the pawl and ratchet cooperate.
Preferably, the height adjustment device includes two fixations being symmetrically fixedly connected on the side wall of soil-breaking spade Plate, the soil-breaking spade are located at the part between two fixed plates and are equipped with guide groove, fix at equal intervals on the side wall of the seed spout Multiple straight-tooth are connected with, common rotation connection gear between two fixed plates, the gear and straight-tooth are intermeshed, described The side wall of gear is fixedly connected with annulus, is circumferentially fixedly connected at equal intervals along it on the inner wall of the annulus there are three block, It is fixedly connected with annular fixed block on the side wall of the gear, circumferentially turns at equal intervals on the side wall of the annular fixed block along it There are three rotating bar, three rotating bars to be rotatably connected to pulley, three institutes far from one end of annular fixed block for dynamic connection It states and is equipped with second spring between rotating bar and annular fixed block, the side wall of one of them fixed plate is equipped with limit dress It sets.
Preferably, the control device includes the multiple third springs being fixedly connected on plants case side wall, and each described Three springs are fixedly connected with mounting plate far from one end of plants case jointly, be fixedly connected on the side wall of the mounting plate single-chip microcontroller and Battery is fixedly connected with protective shell on the side wall of the plants case, and the protective shell covers on the upper end of mounting plate, the protective shell Side wall is equipped with display screen and key, and the single-chip microcontroller, battery, display screen and key are connected by electric wire.
Preferably, the limiting device includes the second fixed block being fixedly connected on fixed plate side wall, and described second is solid Determine the interior of block and be equipped with guide groove, limit bar is slidably connected in the guide groove, the side wall of second fixed block is equipped with hollow out Slot, the first in command is slidably connected in the hollow slots, and the first in command runs through hollow slots, the first in command and limiting block The lower end of bar is fixedly connected, and is equipped with the 4th spring, the annulus on the side wall of the first in command between the interior bottom of guide groove Side wall on along it be circumferentially fixedly connected with multiple limited blocks at equal intervals, the limit bar and limiting card mutual cooperation.
Preferably, the material of each seed spout is quality carbon steel, and the material of each soil-breaking spade is Gao Meng Steel.
Preferably, the interior bottom of the plants case is slope.
Preferably, second handle is fixedly connected on the side wall of the annulus.
In the present invention, seeder is hung over behind tractor by suspension, is then poured into seed in plants case, pass through to Controller inputs predefined parameter, controls the revolving speed of motor, and motor drives connecting plate to swing back and forth, connecting plate band pawl, pawl Ratchet is driven to realize intermittent rotary, ratchet straps turn axis intermittent rotary, shaft drives seed wheel rotation, makes seeds fall, motor Revolving speed will affect the revolving speed of seed wheel, influencing seeds fall is speed, when adjusting the height of soil-breaking spade, pulls downward on one Hand, makes to limit bar and limited block and is detached from, and pushes second handle then up, moves up soil-breaking spade, after adjusting, unclamps the Leader makes spacing lever cooperate again with limited block, and when avoiding farming, soil-breaking spade makes tilling depth because external force moves up It shoals, if necessary to increase tilling depth, pulls soil-breaking spade directly down.The present invention controls the rotation of motor using single-chip microcontroller, To control the speed of seed wheel control seeds fall, to achieve the purpose that precisely to plant, wanting for " line increment not increasing grain " is realized It asks, for the height of soil-breaking spade convenient for adjusting, tilling depth can be improved percentage of seedgermination convenient for control.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed by the present invention ploughs seeder;
Fig. 2 is the left view structural representation that a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed by the present invention ploughs seeder;
Fig. 3 is the height adjustment device structural schematic diagram that a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed by the present invention ploughs seeder;
Fig. 4 is that a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed by the present invention ploughs in Fig. 3 of seeder structure enlargement diagram at A;
Fig. 5 is that a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed by the present invention ploughs in Fig. 3 of seeder structure enlargement diagram at B;
Fig. 6 is the intermittent motion device structural schematic diagram that a kind of wheat narrow row line proposed by the present invention ploughs seeder.
In figure: 1 plants case, 2 discharging tubes, 3 shafts, 4 seed wheels, 5 motors, 6 seed spouts, 7 soil-breaking spades, 8 fixed frames, 9 thirds Spring, 10 mounting plates, 11 protective shells, 12 single-chip microcontrollers, 13 supporting legs, 14 idler wheels, 15 suspensions, 16 fixed plates, 17 straight-tooth, 18 teeth Wheel, 19 blocks, 20 pulleys, 21 rotating bars, 22 second springs, 23 annular fixed blocks, 24 annulus, 25 limited blocks, 26 second handles, 27 ratchets, 28 sliding slots, 29 sliding blocks, 30 connecting plates, 31 first springs, 32 first fixed blocks, 33 pawls, 34 connecting rods, 35 first Hand, 36 the 4th springs, 37 limit bars.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Referring to Fig.1-6, a kind of wheat narrow row line ploughs seeder, including plants case 1, is fixedly connected on the side wall of plants case 1 outstanding Frame 15, the lower end of plants case 1 are equipped with multiple sowing ports, and the lower end of plants case 1 is fixedly connected with multiple discharging tubes 2, and each discharging tube 2 is It cooperates with sowing port, through shaft 3 is equipped on the side wall of each discharging tube 2, each shaft 3 connects with the rotation of discharging tube 2 It connects, seed wheel 4 is fixedly connected on the side wall of each shaft 3, intermittent movement dress is equipped on the side wall of each discharging tube 2 It sets, intermittent motion device includes the fixed frame 8 being fixedly connected on the side wall of discharging tube 2, is fixedly connected on the side wall of fixed frame 8 There is motor 5, the output shaft of motor 5 runs through fixed frame 8, is fixedly connected with connecting rod 34, the side wall of shaft 3 on the output shaft of motor 5 On be fixedly connected with ratchet 27, be rotatably connected to connecting plate 30 on the side wall of shaft 3, the side wall of connecting plate 30 is equipped with sliding slot 28, sliding block 29 is slidably connected in sliding slot 28, one end of output shaft of the connecting rod 34 far from motor 5 and sliding block 29 are rotatablely connected, even It is fixedly connected with the first fixed block 32 on the side wall of fishplate bar 30, pawl 33, pawl 33 are rotatably connected on the side wall of connecting plate 30 The first spring 31 is equipped between the first fixed block 32, pawl 33 and ratchet 27 cooperate, and the lower end of each discharging tube 2 is solid Surely it is connected with seed spout 6, soil-breaking spade 7 is arranged on the side wall of each seed spout 6, soil-breaking spade 7 is slidably connected with seed spout 6, The side wall of soil-breaking spade 7 is equipped with height adjustment device, and height adjustment device includes the side wall for being symmetrically fixedly connected on soil-breaking spade 7 On two fixed plates 16, soil-breaking spade 7 is located at the part between two fixed plates 16 and is equipped with guide groove, on the side wall of seed spout 6 etc. Spacing is fixedly connected with multiple straight-tooth 17, common rotation connection gear 18 between two fixed plates 16, gear 18 and straight-tooth 17 Intermeshing, the side wall of gear 18 are fixedly connected with annulus 24, are circumferentially fixedly connected at equal intervals on the inner wall of annulus 24 along it There are three block 19, it is fixedly connected with annular fixed block 23 on the side wall of gear 18, along its week on the side wall of annular fixed block 23 To equidistant rotation connection there are three rotating bar 21, three rotating bars 21 are rotatablely connected far from one end of annular fixed block 23 There is pulley 20, is equipped with second spring 22, the side of one of fixed plate 16 between three rotating bars 21 and annular fixed block 23 Wall is equipped with limiting device, and limiting device includes the second fixed block 17 being fixedly connected on 16 side wall of fixed plate, and second is fixed The interior of block 17 is equipped with guide groove, and limit bar 37 is slidably connected in guide groove, and the side wall of the second fixed block 17 is equipped with hollow slots, engraves The first in command 35 is slidably connected in empty slot, the first in command 35 runs through hollow slots, the lower end of the first in command 35 and limit bar 37 It is fixedly connected, is equipped with the 4th spring 36, edge on the side wall of annulus 24 on the side wall of the first in command 35 between the interior bottom of guide groove It is circumferentially fixedly connected with multiple limited blocks 25 at equal intervals, and limit bar 37 and limiting card 25 cooperate, and adjusts soil-breaking spade 7 Height when, pull downward on leader 35, make to limit bar 37 and limited block 25 and be detached from, push second handle 26 then up, Soil-breaking spade 7 is moved up, after adjusting, the first in command 35 is unclamped, so that spacing lever 37 is cooperated again with limited block 25, keep away No-tillage soil-breaking spade 7 makes tilling depth shoal because external force moves up when making, and if necessary to increase tilling depth, pulls soil-breaking spade directly down 7, it is symmetrically fixedly connected on the side wall of plants case 1 there are two supporting leg 13, rotation connects on the side wall of two supporting legs 13 Be connected to idler wheel 14, the side wall of plants case 1 is equipped with control device, control device include be fixedly connected on it is multiple on 1 side wall of plants case Third spring 9, each one end of third spring 9 far from plants case 1 are fixedly connected with mounting plate 10 jointly, on the side wall of mounting plate 10 It is fixedly connected with single-chip microcontroller 12 and battery, protective shell 11 is fixedly connected on the side wall of plants case 1, protective shell 11 covers on mounting plate 10 Upper end, the side wall of protective shell 11 is equipped with display screen and key, and single-chip microcontroller 12, battery, display screen and key pass through electric wire company It connects, single-chip microcontroller 12, display screen and key are the prior art, and programming can pre-enter single-chip microcontroller 12, seeder are passed through outstanding Frame 15 is hung over behind tractor, then pours into seed in plants case 1, by inputting predefined parameter to controller, controls motor 5 Revolving speed, motor 5 drives connecting plate 30 to swing back and forth, and for connecting plate 30 with pawl 33, pawl 33 drives ratchet 27 to realize interval Rotation, ratchet 27 drive 3 intermittent rotary of shaft, and shaft 3 drives seed wheel 4 to rotate, and make seeds fall, the revolving speed of motor 5 can shadow The revolving speed of seed wheel 4 is rung, influencing seeds fall is speed.
In the present invention, the material of each seed spout 6 is quality carbon steel, and the material of each soil-breaking spade 7 is potassium steel, kind The interior bottom of case 1 is slope, is fixedly connected with second handle 26 on the side wall of annulus 24.
In the present invention, seeder is hung over behind tractor by suspension 15, then seed is poured into plants case 1, is led to It crosses to controller and inputs predefined parameter, control the revolving speed of motor 5, motor 5 drives connecting plate 30 to swing back and forth, and connecting plate 30 drives Pawl 33, pawl 33 drive ratchet 27 to realize that intermittent rotary, ratchet 27 drive 3 intermittent rotary of shaft, and shaft 3 drives seed wheel 4 Rotation, makes seeds fall, and the revolving speed of motor 5 will affect the revolving speed of seed wheel 4, and influencing seeds fall is speed, adjusts soil-breaking spade 7 Height when, pull downward on leader 35, make to limit bar 37 and limited block 25 and be detached from, push second handle 26 then up, Soil-breaking spade 7 is moved up, after adjusting, the first in command 35 is unclamped, so that spacing lever 37 is cooperated again with limited block 25, keep away No-tillage soil-breaking spade 7 makes tilling depth shoal because external force moves up when making, and if necessary to increase tilling depth, pulls soil-breaking spade directly down 7.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of wheat narrow row line ploughs seeder, including plants case (1), which is characterized in that fixed on the side wall of the plants case (1) to connect It is connected to suspension (15), the lower end of the plants case (1) is equipped with multiple sowing ports, and the lower end of the plants case (1) is fixedly connected with multiple Discharging tube (2), each discharging tube (2) cooperate with sowing port, run through on the side wall of each discharging tube (2) Equipped with shaft (3), each shaft (3) and discharging tube (2) are rotatablely connected, fixed on the side wall of each shaft (3) It is connected with seed wheel (4), intermittent motion device, each discharging tube (2) is equipped on the side wall of each discharging tube (2) Lower end be fixedly connected to seed spout (6), be arranged with soil-breaking spade (7) on the side wall of each seed spout (6), it is described broken Mamoty (7) is slidably connected with seed spout (6), and the side wall of the soil-breaking spade (7) is equipped with height adjustment device, the plants case (1) Side wall on be symmetrically fixedly connected there are two supporting leg (13), be rotatably connected on the side wall of two supporting legs (13) The side wall of idler wheel (14), the plants case (1) is equipped with control device.
2. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 1 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that the intermittent motion device packet The fixed frame (8) being fixedly connected on the side wall of discharging tube (2) is included, is fixedly connected with motor on the side wall of the fixed frame (8) (5), the output shaft of the motor (5) runs through fixed frame (8), is fixedly connected with connecting rod (34) on the output shaft of the motor (5), It is fixedly connected with ratchet (27) on the side wall of the shaft (3), is rotatably connected to connecting plate on the side wall of the shaft (3) (30), the side wall of the connecting plate (30) is equipped with sliding slot (28), slidably connects sliding block (29) in the sliding slot (28), described One end and sliding block (29) of output shaft of the connecting rod (34) far from motor (5) are rotatablely connected, solid on the side wall of the connecting plate (30) Surely it is connected with the first fixed block (32), is rotatably connected to pawl (33) on the side wall of the connecting plate (30), the pawl (33) The first spring (31) are equipped between the first fixed block (32), the pawl (33) and ratchet (27) cooperate.
3. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 1 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that the height adjustment device packet Two fixed plates (16) being symmetrically fixedly connected on the side wall of soil-breaking spade (7) are included, the soil-breaking spade (7) is located at two fixations Part between plate (16) is equipped with guide groove, is fixedly connected with multiple straight-tooth (17) at equal intervals on the side wall of the seed spout (6), Common rotation connection gear (18) between two fixed plates (16), the gear (18) and straight-tooth (17) are intermeshed, institute The side wall for stating gear (18) is fixedly connected with annulus (24), along its circumferential company fixed at equal intervals on the inner wall of the annulus (24) It there are three connecing block (19), is fixedly connected with annular fixed block (23) on the side wall of the gear (18), the annular fixed block (23) along its circumferential rotation connection at equal intervals, there are three rotating bar (21) on side wall, and three rotating bars (21) are far from ring One end of shape fixed block (23) is rotatably connected to pulley (20), between three rotating bars (21) and annular fixed block (23) Second spring (22) are equipped with, the side wall of one of them fixed plate (16) is equipped with limiting device.
4. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 1 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that the control device includes solid Surely the multiple third springs (9) being connected on plants case (1) side wall, the one end of each third spring (9) far from plants case (1) are total With being fixedly connected with mounting plate (10), single-chip microcontroller (12) and battery are fixedly connected on the side wall of the mounting plate (10), it is described It is fixedly connected on the side wall of plants case (1) protective shell (11), the protective shell (11) covers on the upper end of mounting plate (10), the guarantor The side wall of protective case (11) is equipped with display screen and key, and the single-chip microcontroller (12), battery, display screen and key are connected by electric wire It connects.
5. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 3 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that the limiting device includes solid Surely the second fixed block (17) being connected on fixed plate (16) side wall, second fixed block (17) it is interior be equipped with guide groove, it is described Limit bar (37) is slidably connected in guide groove, the side wall of second fixed block (17) is equipped with hollow slots, the hollow slots It inside slidably connects the first in command (35), the first in command (35) runs through hollow slots, the first in command (35) and limiting block The lower end of bar (37) is fixedly connected, and is equipped with the 4th spring on the side wall of the first in command (35) between the interior bottom of guide groove (36), it is circumferentially fixedly connected with multiple limited blocks (25), the limiting block at equal intervals along it on the side wall of the annulus (24) Bar (37) and limiting card (25) cooperate.
6. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 1 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that each seed spout (6) Material be quality carbon steel, the material of each soil-breaking spade (7) is potassium steel.
7. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 1 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that the interior bottom of the plants case (1) Portion is slope.
8. a kind of wheat narrow row line according to claim 3 ploughs seeder, which is characterized in that the side wall of the annulus (24) On be fixedly connected with second handle (26).
CN201810976310.5A 2018-08-25 2018-08-25 Wheat narrow row line tillage seeder Active CN109168356B (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN112352477A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-02-12 万件秀 Spade for agricultural convenient to height-adjusting and clean
CN112616340A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-09 无锡卡尔曼导航技术有限公司 Inter-plant inter-row weeding fertilizer applicator
CN112616341A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-09 无锡卡尔曼导航技术有限公司 Weeding fertilizer distributor between trunk
CN115039543A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-09-13 蒲县农业资源开发中心 Agricultural seeding machine

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