CN108869378A - 压缩机 - Google Patents
压缩机 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108869378A CN108869378A CN201810462064.1A CN201810462064A CN108869378A CN 108869378 A CN108869378 A CN 108869378A CN 201810462064 A CN201810462064 A CN 201810462064A CN 108869378 A CN108869378 A CN 108869378A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
- F04D17/122—Multi-stage pumps the individual rotor discs being, one for each stage, on a common shaft and axially spaced, e.g. conventional centrifugal multi- stage compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/053—Shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/0563—Bearings cartridges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
- F04D29/62—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/624—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0442—Active magnetic bearings with devices affected by abnormal, undesired or non-standard conditions such as shock-load, power outage, start-up or touchdown
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
- F16C32/048—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
- F16C39/06—Relieving load on bearings using magnetic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
- H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/50—Bearings
- F05D2240/51—Magnetic
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
一种压缩机(10),其具有压缩机壳体(13),具有安装在压缩机壳体(13)中的压缩机转子(11),其包括形成多个压缩机级(16)的轴(14)和运动叶片(15),其中,在两个压缩机级(16)之间布置有磁性轴承(17)和安全轴承(18),其各自作为分离式轴承安装在设计成单件式的轴(14)的轴上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压缩机。
背景技术
就本发明而言,压缩机尤其用于工业设备中,例如在空气分离设备中。压缩机包括压缩机壳体和安装在压缩机壳体中的压缩机转子,其提供多个压缩机级。
为了利用压缩机提供待压缩的介质的期望的压缩,在一定条件下需要在待压缩的介质的流动方向上看相继布置的多个压缩机级,这导致压缩机转子的轴的相对长的设计。然而,压缩机转子的长轴具有振动趋势,因此压缩机动力学受到负面影响。然而,为了提供不易受振动影响的压缩机转子的相对长的轴,仍然通常在实践中实施具有较大直径的轴,由此总地来说带来了压缩机的较大且较重的设计。备选地,多台压缩机串联连接。
具有较大直径的轴的实施方案还有多台压缩机的串联连接两者均导致高成本且因此是不利的。
发明内容
即使在压缩机的压缩机转子形成带有相对小的直径的轴的那些压缩机上,也需要使轴的长设计成为可能,以确保高数量的压缩机级,特别是不会负面地影响压缩机动力学。
由此出发,本发明所基于的目的是创建新型压缩机。
该目的通过根据权利要求1所述的压缩机来解决。根据本发明,磁性轴承和安全轴承布置在两个压缩机级之间,其在每种情况下作为分离式轴承安装在成型成单件式的轴的轴上。
通过本发明提出的是,在两个压缩机级之间形成磁性轴承和安全轴承,其中,磁性轴承和安全轴承实施成分离式轴承,其安装在压缩机转子的单件式的轴上。通过磁性轴承可衰减压缩机转子的轴的振动,其中,通过磁性轴承和安全轴承的分离式实施方案,轴可以单件来实施。这于是允许在压缩机转子的轴的小直径和轴的单件式实施方案的情况下提供具有多个压缩机级的压缩机,这些压缩机级具有长设计的压缩机转子的轴。
根据本发明的进一步的改进方案,磁性轴承和安全轴承容纳在公共轴承壳体中,其中,轴承壳体成区段地限定在两个压缩机级之间的流动路径,在其之间布置有磁性轴承和安全轴承。因此,磁性轴承和安全轴承的单元可尤其有利地集成在压缩机中。
优选地,磁性轴承的定子侧的元件容纳在磁性轴承载体上并且安全轴承的定子侧的元件容纳在安全轴承载体上,其中,磁性轴承载体和安全轴承载体彼此连接并且优选地经由安全轴承载体或经由磁性轴承载体安装在公共轴承壳体中。优选地,可调节的支撑元件作用在安全轴承载体上或磁性轴承载体上,经由其,磁性轴承和安全轴承的定子侧的元件共同地安装在轴承壳体上,并可共同地相对于轴对齐。这允许将磁性轴承和安全轴承简单地组装在公共轴承壳体上,并且除此之外还允许磁性轴承和安全轴承经由公共支撑元件相对于轴的有利的对齐。
优选地,磁性轴承是主动磁性轴承,其包括用于检测轴振动的传感器和用于衰减轴振动的致动器。借助于主动磁性轴承可尤其有利地衰减压缩机转子的轴的轴振动。
根据本发明的进一步的改进方案,轴承壳体容纳在压缩机壳体的凹部中并连接至压缩机壳体,其中,优选地在轴承壳体的上游侧布置有壳体侧的扩散器叶片,并且在轴承壳体的下游侧布置有壳体侧的再循环叶片。扩散器叶片和再循环叶片吸收轴承力,将轴承力输出到压缩机壳体中。
附图说明
本发明的优选的进一步的改进方案由从属权利要求和以下描述中获得。本发明的示例性实施方案通过附图更详细地解释而不限于此。
其中:
图1是根据本发明的压缩机的细节,即根据本发明的压缩机的压缩机转子;
图2是根据本发明的压缩机的另外的细节。
附图标记清单
10 压缩机
11 压缩机转子
12 轴承
13 压缩机壳体
14 轴
15 运动叶片
16 压缩机级
17 磁性轴承
18 安全轴承
19 轴承壳体
20 流动路径
21 扩散器叶片
22 再循环叶片
23 传感器
24 致动器
25 磁性轴承载体
26 安全轴承载体
27 紧固装置
27 传感器载体
29 致动器载体
30 线缆
31 线缆
32 连接器
33 连接器。
具体实施方式
本发明这里涉及一种压缩机,例如用于工业设备的压缩机,例如空气分离设备。
图1和2示出了根据本发明的压缩机10的细节,其中,在图1中示出了压缩机10的压缩机转子11。压缩机转子11经由轴承12安装在压缩机壳体13中,其在图1中未示出但在图2中以截段的方式可见。
压缩机11包括轴14和安装在轴14上的多个运动叶片15,其中,运动叶片15形成多个运动叶片环并因此形成多个压缩机级16。在图1中示出的示例性实施方案中,运动叶片15形成总共六个压缩机级16,其在轴14的轴向方向上看相继布置在轴14上。
就本发明而言,磁性轴承17和安全轴承18布置在两个压缩机级16之间,在所示出的示例性实施方案中,近似地布置在两个压缩机级16之间的轴14的轴向中心处。要指出的是,磁性轴承17和安全轴承18的布置方案不需要必须布置在轴14的轴向中心的区域中,但是磁性轴承17和安全轴承18的这种布置方案也可以在压缩机转子11的轴14的轴向端部或轴向侧的方向上移动。
在这种情况下,磁性轴承17和安全轴承18实施成分离式轴承,即在水平方向上分离,使得其可安装在压缩机转子11的成型成在两个压缩机级16之间的单件式的轴14的轴上。
根据图2,磁性轴承17和安全轴承18容纳在公共轴承壳体19中。轴承壳体19***在压缩机壳体13中的凹部中,其中,轴承壳体19成区段地限定两个压缩机16之间的流动路径20,在其之间布置有轴承壳体19并因此布置有磁性轴承17和安全轴承18。
由图2显而易见的是,在轴承壳体19的上游侧布置有壳体侧的扩散器叶片21,并且在轴承壳体19的下游侧布置有壳体侧的再循环叶片22,其集成在由轴承壳体19成区段地限定的流动路径20中。可将从磁性轴承17和安全轴承18发出的轴承力引入到轴承壳体19中,该轴承力可经由壳体侧的扩散器叶片21和壳体侧的再循环叶片22被输出到压缩机壳体13中。
在所示出的优选的示例性实施方案中,磁性轴承17实施成主动磁性轴承,其包括用于检测轴14的轴振动的传感器23和用于衰减轴振动的致动器24。磁性轴承17还有安全轴承18两者均包括转子侧元件和定子侧元件,其中,转子侧的元件关联于轴转子11的轴14并与轴14一起旋转,并且其中,磁性轴承17和安全轴承18的定子侧的元件安装在定子侧的轴承壳体19上。
磁性轴承17的定子侧的元件安装在磁性轴承载体25上,并且安全轴承18的定子侧的元件安装在安全轴承载体26上。在这种情况下,磁性轴承载体25和安全轴承载体26经由紧固元件27彼此连接,其优选地在轴14的轴向方向上延伸,其中,其借助于支撑元件27经由磁性轴承25或如所示优选地经由安全轴承载体26安装在轴承壳体19上。
通过设计成可调节的支撑元件的且在图2中作用在安全轴承载体26上的公共支撑元件27,安全轴承载体26和磁性轴承载体25以及因此磁性轴承17和安全轴承18的定子侧的元件可共同地相对于压缩机转子11的轴14对齐。
如已阐述的那样,磁性轴承17在优选的示例性实施方案中设计成主动磁性轴承,其包括传感器23和致动器24。在这种情况下,传感器23的定子组件优选地紧固至磁性轴承载体25的传感器载体28,并且致动器24的定子侧的元件紧固在磁性轴承载体25的致动器载体29上,其中,传感器载体28紧固在致动器载体29上,并且致动器载体29紧固在安全轴承载体26上,以便经由作用在安全轴承载体26上的支撑元件27安装在轴承壳体19上。
此外,图2示出了线缆30,31,其中,第一线缆30通向制动器24,并且第二线缆31通向磁性轴承17的传感器23。线缆30,31两者均经由连接器32,33连接至未示出的控制装置,其对由传感器23检测到的轴振动进行评估,并取决于此而起动磁性轴承17的致动器24以用于衰减轴振动。
利用本发明可提供一种压缩机,其压缩机转子11在轴向方向上具有相对长且在径向方向上相对细的轴14,以便为多个压缩机级16提供设计地小的压缩机,也就是说在没有负面地影响压缩机转子11的动力学的情况下。为此,磁性轴承17和安全轴承18安装在压缩机转子11的在两个压缩机级16之间的单件式的轴14上,其在每种情况下实施为分离式轴承,以便能够将其简单地安装在两个压缩机级16之间。
Claims (8)
1.一种压缩机(10),
其具有压缩机壳体(13),在所述压缩机壳体(13)中具有压缩机转子(11),所述压缩机转子包括形成多个压缩机级(16)的运动叶片(15)和轴(14),
其特征在于,
在两个压缩机级(16)之间布置有磁性轴承(17)和安全轴承(18),其各自作为分离式轴承安装在成型成单件式的轴(14)的轴上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于,所述磁性轴承(17)和所述安全轴承(18)容纳在公共轴承壳体(19)中,其中,所述轴承壳体(19)成区段地限定在所述两个压缩机级(16)之间的流动路径(20),在其之间布置有所述磁性轴承(17)和所述安全轴承(18)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的压缩机,其特征在于,所述轴承壳体(21)容纳在所述压缩机壳体(13)的凹部中并连接至所述压缩机壳体(13)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的压缩机,其特征在于,在所述轴承壳体(19)的上游侧布置有壳体侧的扩散器叶片(21),并且在所述轴承壳体(19)的下游侧布置有壳体侧的再循环叶片(22)。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的压缩机,其特征在于,所述磁性轴承(17)的定子侧的元件容纳在磁性轴承载体(25)上,并且所述安全轴承(18)的定子侧的元件容纳在安全轴承载体(26)上,其中,所述磁性轴承载体(25)和所述安全轴承载体(26)彼此连接并经由所述磁性轴承载体(25)或所述安全轴承载体(26)安装在所述公共轴承壳体(19)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的压缩机,其特征在于,可调节的支撑元件(27)作用在所述磁性轴承载体(25)上或所述安全轴承载体(26)上,经由所述支撑元件(27),所述磁性轴承(17)和安全轴承(18)的定子侧的元件共同地安装在所述轴承壳体(19)上,并且能够共同地相对于所述轴(14)对齐。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的压缩机,其特征在于,所述磁性轴承(17)是主动磁性轴承,其包括用于检测轴振动的传感器(23)和用于衰减轴振动的致动器(24)。
8.根据权利要求5和7所述的压缩机,其特征在于,所述磁性轴承载体(25)包括致动器载体(29)和传感器载体(28),其中,所述传感器载体(28)连接至所述致动器载体(29),并且其中,所述致动器载体(29)连接至所述安全轴承载体(26)。
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DE102017208128.7A DE102017208128A1 (de) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | Kompressor |
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US (1) | US10690140B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP7044611B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102353785B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108869378A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3000253A1 (zh) |
CH (1) | CH713776B1 (zh) |
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EP4299913A1 (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-03 | Carrier Corporation | Centrifugal compressor for refrigeration system and refrigeration system |
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FR3108692B1 (fr) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-06-24 | Skf Magnetic Mechatronics | Système de compensation des efforts appliqués sur un palier supportant un arbre de rotor d’une machine tournante |
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US20180328375A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
KR20180125390A (ko) | 2018-11-23 |
FR3066236A1 (fr) | 2018-11-16 |
CA3000253A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
KR102353785B1 (ko) | 2022-01-19 |
CH713776B1 (de) | 2022-01-14 |
DE102017208128A1 (de) | 2018-11-15 |
JP2018193991A (ja) | 2018-12-06 |
FR3066236B1 (fr) | 2019-11-29 |
JP7044611B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 |
CH713776A2 (de) | 2018-11-15 |
US10690140B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
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