CN108778809B - 用于混合动力车辆的驱动***以及用于操作这种驱动***的方法 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的驱动***以及用于操作这种驱动***的方法 Download PDF

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CN108778809B
CN108778809B CN201780013326.XA CN201780013326A CN108778809B CN 108778809 B CN108778809 B CN 108778809B CN 201780013326 A CN201780013326 A CN 201780013326A CN 108778809 B CN108778809 B CN 108778809B
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clutch
shaft
transmission
internal combustion
electric machine
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CN108778809A (zh
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伯恩哈德·胡斯
塞巴斯蒂安·科伯勒
西蒙·罗格
约赫姆·胡贝尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动***，包括：内燃机(12)，该内燃机具有内燃机轴(14)并且能够驱动该内燃机轴；自动变速器(16)，该自动变速器在驱动侧具有与内燃机轴同轴布置的变速器输入轴(18)并在输出侧具有与内燃机轴同轴布置的变速器输出轴(20)；变速器离合器(22)，用于变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴的联接或脱离；回转质量驱动单元(24)，该回转质量驱动单元在轴向上布置在内燃机和自动变速器之间并且具有与内燃机轴同轴布置的中间轴(26)；第一离合器(28)，用于内燃机轴和中间轴的联接或脱离；第二离合器(30)，用于中间轴和变速器输入轴的联接或脱离；以及电机(32)，该电机位于变速器输入轴上并且能够在电动机运转模式下驱动该变速器输入轴。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的驱动***以及用于操作这种驱动***的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于混合动力车辆的驱动***以及用于操作这种驱动***的方法。
背景技术
为了以节能方式操作混合动力车辆，由现有技术已知这样的驱动***：它在加速踏板未***纵时，即当不需要主动车辆加速时，在内燃机已点火的情况下撤掉传动系中的力锁合，以达到所谓的“怠速滑行”的运行状态。此外已知的是，在加速踏板未***纵并且在传动系中存在力锁合时关闭内燃机，从而达到具有可选的制动回收的机械拖动运行。
DE 29 43 554 A1公开了一种用于车辆的混合动力驱动装置，其包括内燃机、电机、齿轮变速器和两个分离离合器，其中内燃机可以在行驶期间在合适的运行阶段通过分离离合器的断开和闭合间歇性地关闭并且再次接通。在该文献中，内燃机设计成没有飞轮。在此，将所需要的回转质量配设给电机，特别是至少部分地集成到电机的旋转部分中。由于内燃机的无飞轮设计，当使内燃机和电机之间的分离离合器脱离接合时，内燃机几乎无延迟地停止，并且此后可以通过重新联接到旋转的电机上由于其低的质量而基本上平滑地重新起动。以这种方式可以首先只用电机开行，并且只有在达到最小转速后才使用旋转质量中存储的动能起动内燃机，从而很快加速到电机的转速。
然而，在内燃机关闭的混合动力车辆的驾驶操作中，已表明当驾驶员要求加速时，出现车辆响应之前持续相当长的时间。驱动***的这种迟滞行为对驾驶舒适性具有不利影响并且会让驾驶员觉得不便。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，提供一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动***以及用于其操作的方法，它即使在内燃机关闭的情况下也能够实现对驾驶员的加速要求的特别快速的车辆响应。
根据本发明，该目的通过一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动***实现，该驱动***包括：内燃机，该内燃机具有内燃机轴并且能够驱动该内燃机轴；自动变速器，该自动变速器在驱动侧具有与内燃机轴同轴布置的变速器输入轴并在输出侧具有与内燃机轴同轴布置的变速器输出轴；变速器离合器，该变速器离合器用于变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴的联接或脱离；回转质量驱动单元，该回转质量驱动单元在轴向上布置在内燃机和自动变速器之间并且具有与内燃机轴同轴布置的中间轴；第一离合器，该第一离合器用于内燃机轴和中间轴的联接或脱离；第二离合器，该第二离合器用于中间轴和变速器输入轴的联接或脱离；以及电机，该电机位于变速器输入轴上并且能够在电动机运转模式下驱动该变速器输入轴。驱动***的这种设计允许在驾驶员期望车辆加速的情况下即使内燃机关闭时也非常快的车辆响应。在为了车辆的主动加速而操纵加速踏板时，电机实际上可以立即切换到电动机运转模式并且与自动变速器联接，以便在电机实际功率的范围内加速车辆。同时可以通过回转质量驱动单元实现关闭的内燃机的机械拖动启动。因此，在内燃机启动并可以负责混合动力车辆的期望加速之前的时间段，由电机通过电力车辆加速来过渡。因此，驱动***的可以较少迟滞地反应，并为驾驶员提供所期望的快速车辆响应。
根据驱动***的一种实施方案，电机是具有小于60V的工作电压的低压电机。通过设计为低压电机可以降低驱动***的成本。这尤其在于以下事实：由于***中的低电压，危险性较低，因此将以更简单且更具成本效益的方式提供对整车电源的保护。使用的电机尤其是48V电机，因为它与常规的12V电机相比既可以在回收期间的发电机运转模式下也可以在电动机运转模式下提供更高的功率。特别是当电机用于混合动力车辆的加速时，电机的更高功率产生正面印象，因为驾驶员可以更清楚地感知到车辆响应。
优选地，电机集成到混合动力车辆的自动变速器中。
自动变速器尤其可以在驱动侧具有离合器罩，其中电机被容纳在该离合器罩中。在此，电机取代通常在自动变速器的离合器罩中设置的变矩器，使得以紧凑方式实施的电机可以集成到自动变速器中而无需额外的空间要求。这得到驱动***的特别紧凑的设计。
在驱动***的另一实施方案中，设有整车电源，其中该电机也被设计为发电机并且在发电机运转模式中将电能馈送到整车电源中。以这种方式，电机可以以低的耗费用于回收，在此过程中将车辆动能转换成电能。
此外，开头所述的目的也通过用于操作上述的具有电气控制单元的驱动***的方法来实现，其中该方法包括以下步骤：
a)在驱动***的运行状态下，将第一离合器断开并将内燃机关闭；
b)将用于主动车辆加速的信号传输到电气控制单元；
c)此后，将第二离合器通过电气控制单元断开；
d)接着闭合第一离合器和变速器离合器。
通过该方法，在内燃机关闭、即未点火且脱离时需要主动车辆加速的情况下进行功能分离。将回转质量驱动单元与电机脱离并且与内燃机联接，以执行内燃机的机械拖动启动。在内燃机启动期间，已将电机与自动变速器联接，特别是与自动变速器的变速器输出轴联接，以加速混合动力车辆。因此，驾驶员的加速需求可以有利地已经在内燃机启动之前及其与变速器输出轴联接之前通过电机实现。
优选地，在步骤d)中闭合第一离合器之后，将内燃机通过回转质量驱动单元启动。回转质量驱动单元形成能量存储器，并且特别是构造成，使得内燃机可以通过回转质量驱动单元的旋转的回转质量来启动。在混合动力车辆的行驶操作中，将回转质量驱动单元的回转质量理想地始终保持在用于启动内燃机所需的最小转速之上。
变速器输出轴可以在步骤d)中的变速器离合器闭合之后由电机驱动。以这种方式可以在检测到的驾驶员加速需求之后以低的耗费产生相应的车辆响应，即车辆加速。
根据一种方法变型方案，在步骤d)中的内燃机启动之后，将第二离合器在随后的方法步骤e)中再次闭合。通过第二离合器的闭合，将启动的内燃机与自动变速器连接，特别是与自动变速器的变速器输出轴连接，并且可以以期望的方式加速混合动力车辆。
根据另一种方法变型方案，将变速器离合器在步骤b)之前闭合，并且将电机切换到发电机运转模式。车辆由此采取特别节能的运行状态，该运行状态也被称为“具有回收的发动机关机滑行”。在该运行状态下，行进的混合动力车辆当内燃机关闭时仅通过摩擦作用和在发电机运转模式中出现的、电机的可调节阻力而制动。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点从以下参考附图的优选实施方案的说明中呈现出来。在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的用于混合动力车辆的驱动***的示意图；
图2示出一曲线图，其中画出车速以及内燃机和回转质量驱动单元的转速与时间的关系；以及
图3示出另一曲线图，其中画出车速以及内燃机和回转质量驱动单元的转速与时间的关系。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于混合动力车辆的驱动***10，包括：内燃机12，该内燃机具有内燃机轴14并且能够驱动该内燃机轴；自动变速器16，该自动变速器在驱动侧具有与内燃机轴14同轴布置的变速器输入轴18并在输出侧具有与内燃机轴14同轴布置的变速器输出轴20；以及变速器离合器22，该变速器离合器用于变速器输入轴18和变速器输出轴20的联接或脱离。此外，驱动***10包括：回转质量驱动单元24，该回转质量驱动单元在轴向上布置在内燃机12和自动变速器16之间并且位于与内燃机轴14同轴布置的中间轴26上；第一离合器28，该第一离合器用于内燃机轴14和中间轴26的联接或脱离；第二离合器30，该第二离合器用于中间轴26和变速器输入轴18的联接或脱离；以及电机32，该电机位于变速器输入轴18上并且能够在电机32的电动机运转模式下驱动该变速器输入轴。
根据图1，回转质量驱动单元24示例性地实施为双质量飞轮，其中飞轮形成能量存储器。不管回转质量驱动单元24的具体设计如何，其回转质量与第一离合器28一起实现在车辆停止或行进的情况下关闭的内燃机12的机械拖动启动。因此，可以省略用于内燃机12的电启动装置。
根据图1，还设有整车电源(elektrisches Bordnetz)34，其中电机32也被设计为发电机并且以发电机运转模式将电能馈送到整车电源34中。
在本实施例中，仅设有具有小于60V的工作电压的低压整车电源34。相应地，电机32也是低压电机，特别是48V电机。通过设计为具有低压电机32的低压整车电源34，可以降低驱动***10的成本，因为由于***中的低电压而危险性较低，并且因此将以更简单且更具成本效益的方式提供对整车电源34的保护。
相对于常规的12V电机，48V电机32的使用提供了提高的功率性能的优点。当电机32在其电动机运转模式下用于加速混合动力车辆时，还在回收过程中当电机32在其发电机运转模式下产生电能并馈送到整车电源34中时，这尤其明显。
根据图1，电机32集成到驱动***10的自动变速器16中。特别是表示了自动变速器16在驱动侧具有离合器罩36，其中电机32被容纳在离合器罩36中并在那里替代通常设置的变矩器。
根据图1，还设置了用于控制内燃机12、电机32和设计为自动变速器16 的混合动力车辆变速器的电气控制单元38。电气控制单元38还与用于操纵第一离合器28的致动器40、用于操纵第二离合器30的致动器42以及用于操纵变速器离合器22的致动器44连接。此外，在图1中表示了加速踏板46，驾驶员通过该加速踏板的操纵来表明主动加速需求，其中电气控制单元38能够检测加速踏板46的操纵。
电气控制单元38既与电机32连接又与整车电源34连接，并且可以将电机 32例如从电动机运转模式切换到发电机运转模式，或反之亦然。
下面参考图2和3说明上述用于混合动力车辆的驱动***10的操作方法的变型方案。
图2和图3分别示出一曲线图，其中绘出了车速48、内燃机12的转速50 和回转质量驱动单元24的转速52与时间t的关系，其中曲线图分别被划分成时间间隔1至7。
根据图2，在时间间隔1中示出了驱动***10的一种操作状态，其中混合动力车辆由内燃机12驱动，并且相应地变速器离合器22以及第一离合器28和第二离合器30均已闭合。在所示的变型实施例中，在时间间隔1中通过内燃机 12的驱动仅仅补偿摩擦作用，使得车辆速度48保持基本恒定。相应地，内燃机 12和回转质量驱动单元24的转速50、52在该时间间隔1中同样具有恒定的走向并且由于闭合的第一离合器28而特别是相同的。
一旦电气控制单元38识别到给出切换到节能运行模式的条件，则在第一方法步骤a)中断开第一离合器28并关闭内燃机12。对于这种也称为“发动机关机滑行”的运行状态，加速踏板46必须不操纵。此外，车速48优选地高于预定速度阈值，该阈值理想地选择成，使得由此产生的回转质量驱动单元24的转速或存储在回转质量驱动单元24中的能量足以启动内燃机12。
除了上述条件之外，电气控制单元38还可以接收阻止切换到“发动机关机滑行”的运行状态的其他信号。这种信号可以例如由于发动机冷却回路中的冷却剂温度太低、低的电池电量、道路的纵向倾斜度太大或者激活的专用配设(例如运动模式下的驾驶)而生成。
然而，如果满足用于节能运行模式的所有条件，则内燃机12关闭，即停机，并通过第一离合器28的断开而与传动系分离。内燃机12的转速50相应地在时间间隔2中快速下降到零。
在时间间隔3中，将变速器离合器22和第二离合器30闭合，使得混合动力车辆在很大程度上自由地行进并且仅通过摩擦损失而制动。
为了使回转质量驱动单元24的转速52不降到规定的最小转速以下，回转质量驱动单元24可以在时间间隔4中由电机32驱动。为此，将变速器离合器 22断开并将电机32切换到电动机运转模式。混合动力车辆在这种情况下进一步基本上自由地行进，其中摩擦损失仍然导致车速48的下降。
与此相对，电机32主动地驱动回转质量驱动单元24的回转质量并且至少负责回转质量驱动单元24中的能量保持。换句话说，电机32保持回转质量驱动单元24的回转质量高于最小转速，该最小转速足以用于关闭的内燃机12的机械拖动启动。
在时间间隔4结束时，在方法步骤b)中将用于主动车辆加速的信号传输给电气控制单元38，例如通过由驾驶员操纵加速踏板46。
此后，根据方法步骤c)，通过电气控制单元38断开第二离合器30，使得电机32和回转质量驱动单元24脱离。
接着在方法步骤d)中闭合第一离合器28。同时，也将变速器离合器22闭合(或保持闭合)，使得电机32与变速器输出轴20抗扭地连接。
通过第一离合器28的闭合，内燃机12的转速50和回转质量驱动单元24 的转速52在时间间隔5中快速趋同，其中内燃机12由回转质量驱动单元24通过机械拖动启动来启动。
此外，变速器输出轴20在方法步骤d)中的变速器离合器22闭合之后通过电机32驱动。因此，在时间间隔5中在由驾驶员操纵加速踏板46之后立即发生由电机32产生的车辆加速。这参照已在图2的时间间隔5中提高的车速48 而变得明显。
在方法步骤d)中启动内燃机12之后，在随后的方法步骤e)中再次闭合第二离合器30(时间间隔6)，其中电机32继续负责车辆加速。
在时间间隔7的开始，已启动和点火的内燃机12通过闭合的第一离合器28、闭合的第二离合器30和闭合的变速器离合器22与变速器输出轴20抗扭地连接并且可以以期望的方式加速混合动力车辆。因此，在时间间隔7中，车辆速度 48以及内燃机12和回转质量驱动单元24的转速50、52都提高。
由于电机32的有限的功率，时间间隔5和6中的车辆加速度低于在时间间隔7中由内燃机12提供的车辆加速度。尽管如此，驾驶员已经在时间间隔5和 6中获得、即在他操纵加速踏板46之后立即获得明显的车辆加速形式的期望的车辆反馈。因此驱动***10较少迟滞地反应，并为驾驶员提供更好的驾驶感觉。
图3类似于图2示出了用于操作上述的用于混合动力车辆的驱动***10的方法变型方案。
图3中表示的方法变型方案与根据图2的方法变型方案的不同之处仅在于，在方法步骤b)中的用于主动车辆加速的信号之前，将变速器离合器22闭合(或保持闭合)并将电机32切换到发电机运转模式。换句话说，在时间间隔3和4 中进行回收，即通过处于发电机运转模式的电机32将车辆动能转换成电能。
通过发电机运转模式下电机32的阻力产生较高的车辆减速，使得根据图3 的时间间隔3和4中的车速48与根据图2的时间间隔3和4中的车速48相比更强烈地减小。
由于电机32在根据图3的时间间隔4中处于发电机运转模式，因此它不能驱动回转质量驱动单元24。
在这种情况下，通过自动变速器16的变速器换档策略来防止回转质量驱动单元24的转速52降低到规定的最小转速以下。如果达到回转质量驱动单元24 的最小转速，则通过将自动变速器16降档到较低挡位而突然提高变速器输入轴 18的转速，并且通过闭合的第二离合器30也突然提高中间轴26的转速并因此突然提高回转质量驱动单元24的转速52(参见图3中时间间隔3和4的过渡区域)。由此确保了转速52或存储在回转质量驱动单元24中的能量足以执行内燃发动机12的机械拖动启动。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于操作用于混合动力车辆的驱动***(10)的方法，所述驱动***包括:
内燃机(12)，该内燃机具有内燃机轴(14)并且能够驱动内燃机轴；
自动变速器(16)，该自动变速器在驱动侧具有与内燃机轴(14)同轴布置的变速器输入轴(18)并且在输出侧具有与内燃机轴(14)同轴布置的变速器输出轴(20)；
变速器离合器(22)，该变速器离合器用于变速器输入轴(18)和变速器输出轴(20)的联接或脱离；
回转质量驱动单元(24)，该回转质量驱动单元在轴向上布置在内燃机(12)和自动变速器(16)之间并且具有与内燃机轴(14)同轴布置的中间轴(26),其中,所述回转质量驱动单元(24)实施为双质量飞轮；
第一离合器(28)，该第一离合器用于内燃机轴(14)和中间轴(26)的联接或脱离；
第二离合器(30)，该第二离合器用于中间轴(26)和变速器输入轴(18)的联接或脱离；以及
电机(32)，该电机位于变速器输入轴(18)上并且能够在电动机运转模式下驱动该变速器输入轴，该电机是具有小于60V的工作电压的低压电机；和
电气控制单元(38)，
所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)在驱动***(10)的运行状态下，将第一离合器(28)断开并将内燃机(12)关闭；
b)将用于主动车辆加速的信号传输到电气控制单元(38)；
c)此后，将第二离合器(30)通过电气控制单元(38)断开；
d)接着闭合第一离合器(28)和变速器离合器(22)，
其中，在步骤d)中的变速器离合器(22)闭合之后，由电机(32)驱动所述变速器输出轴(20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤d)中闭合第一离合器(28)之后，将内燃机(12)通过回转质量驱动单元(24)启动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤d)中的内燃机(12)启动之后，将第二离合器(30)在随后的方法步骤e)中再次闭合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将变速器离合器(22)在步骤b)之前闭合，并且将电机(32)切换到发电机运转模式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机(32)集成到自动变速器(16)中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述自动变速器(16)在驱动侧具有离合器罩(36)，其中所述电机(32)被容纳在所述离合器罩(36)中。
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