CN108496501A - A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland - Google Patents
A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496501A CN108496501A CN201810201942.4A CN201810201942A CN108496501A CN 108496501 A CN108496501 A CN 108496501A CN 201810201942 A CN201810201942 A CN 201810201942A CN 108496501 A CN108496501 A CN 108496501A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction methods in nonirrigated farmland, belong to short anvil Apple Culture technical field, this approach includes the following steps：Ditch opens band, rhizosphere organic fertilizer enrichment processing, the covering of micro- ridge and excavates collection rain rill.Purpose is to improve the short anvil apple-planting survival rate in nonirrigated farmland by building short anvil apple rhizosphere rich water abundance zone, promote growth and development of fruit tree and Early Paleozoic strata.Method proposed by the present invention significantly improves the short anvil apple-planting survival rate in nonirrigated farmland, promotes short anvil apple development development and Early Paleozoic strata.Compared with the short anvil apple-planting technology of tradition, rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology improves the short anvil apple-planting survival rate 12.5% in nonirrigated farmland, and the plant second year short anvil apple spring slightly greatly improves than traditional planting technique with growth indexes such as autumns slightly increment, leaf area, mobile jib rugosity；Plant third life abloom rate is 5.24 times of traditional planting technique, and fruit-setting rate improves 27.4%, and single plant yield is 4.27 times of traditional planting technique.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to short anvil Apple Culture technical fields, specifically, being related to a kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere in nonirrigated farmland
Rich water abundance zone construction method.
Background technology
Short anvil apple has many advantages, such as that Early Paleozoic strata, fruit yield are high and quality is good, is easily managed, is suitable for do mechanization operation
Mainstream and the direction of modern apple industry, and one of Apple Culture mode state-of-the-art in the world at present are had become, closely
Short anvil Apple Culture is quickly grown in China over a little years, especially under apple secondary update and upgrading synergy background, even more rapidly
Development, currently, newly-built 70% or more young garden of China is short anvil apple.
Suitable moisture condition and rational nutrient supply are the bases for promoting short anvil apple development development and Early Paleozoic strata
With guarantee.However, China loess plateau apple producing region natural precipitation is few, water resource inadequate natural endowment is typical rain-fed agriculture region, drought
Work is the essential characteristic of the short anvil apple production in the region, and 90% or more creates short anvil apple orchard as dry farming orchard in production.How
Rainfall resource is made full use of, is to improve the short anvil apple-planting survival rate in the region nonirrigated farmland, promote growth and development of fruit tree and early bearing rich
The key of production.On the other hand, loess plateau apple producing region soil is generally barren, and the orchard soil content of organic matter is the whole nation or the whole world
One of minimum area, 92% or more, which creates short anvil young apple orchard soil organic matter content, is less than 1.0%, and orchard soil water conservation is protected
Fertility is poor, and soil rich water deliverability is seriously restricted, and organic fertilizer resource critical shortage in production, is made in current production
About another key of nonirrigated farmland short anvil apple development development and Early Paleozoic strata.It is how universal in current short anvil soil organic matter of apple orchards
Under the conditions of low, organic fertilizer resource wretched insufficiency, improves the nonirrigated farmland apple orchards Ai Zhen rich water and protect storage and deliverability, expand library increase-volume, promote
The critical issue that emphasis solves is needed in the short anvil apple development development in nonirrigated farmland and the short anvil apple production of Early Paleozoic strata and nonirrigated farmland.
The short anvil apple-planting of Dry Land of Loess Plateau follows nonirrigated farmland Qiao's anvil apple-planting technology substantially at present, leads to the short anvil in nonirrigated farmland
Apple-planting survival rate is low, and growth and development is slow, and early bearing is poor with yielding ability.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome, the short anvil apple-planting survival rate in nonirrigated farmland existing in the prior art is low, fruit tree growth
Develop slow, early bearing and yielding ability difference defect, it is proposed that a kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone structure side in nonirrigated farmland
Method, this approach includes the following steps：Ditch opens band, rhizosphere organic fertilizer enrichment processing, the covering of micro- ridge and excavates collection rain rill.Purpose
Be by build short anvil apple rhizosphere rich water abundance zone improve the short anvil apple-planting survival rate in nonirrigated farmland, promote growth and development of fruit tree with
Early Paleozoic strata.
Its technical solution is as follows：
A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland, includes the following steps：
Step 1, ditch open band：1m wide is opened along fruit tree plant row, depth is the planting furrow of 0.5m；
Step 2, rhizosphere organic fertilizer enrichment processing：By the soil excavated out and organic fertilizer according to mass ratio 7:3 (i.e. per hectares
Need 120 tons of organic fertilizer) or 6:The proportional arrangement Nutrition Soil of 4 (i.e. per hectare needs 150 tons of organic fertilizer), configuration is simultaneously according to cultivation
Every plant of addition 1.0kg phosphate fertilizer of density in planting, the soil of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and excavation mix well, and are then backfilling into the cultivation excavated
In planting ditch；
Step 3, the covering of micro- ridge：Ridge face is using the trunk transplanted as center line, and intermediate high, both sides are low, form the arch of the first transaction of a day's business, ridge
Face height difference is 5cm, ridge face both sides width 50cm；After ridge is risen well, smooth ridge face makes real soil, with covering black film or black gardening
When cloth, it is desirable that mulch is tensed, is stretched, without wrinkle, be close to ridge face；Ridge center both sides mulching film edge uses fine earth to be connected for degree
Compacting；Ridge both sides mulch or black gardening cloth edge be buried in the earth 4-5cm, by mulch or black gardening cloth elongates 3~4m
Caudacoria both sides firming immediately, promotes gradually；
Step 4 digs collection rain rill：Mulch or gardening cloth cover it is good after, at two lateral extent mulching film edge 3cm of ridge face along row to
Excavate that finishing is deep, collection rain rill of width 15cm, it is desirable that bottom of trench is straight, is evenly distributed convenient for rainwater, topography is uneven in garden, collect rain rill compared with
When long, a crosspiece is repaiied in collection rain rill every 2~3 plants of spacing.
Further, in step 1, ditch is opened in band using mini-excavator or orchard profession trench digging mechanical excavation.
Further, the organic fertilizer in step 2 be it is decomposed after organic fertilizer, including it is decomposed after sheep manure, cow dung etc., or
Using organic commercial fertilizer, dosage (generally commonly has for the 1/10 of common Rate of Organic Fertilizer because of the organic commercial fertilizer content of organic matter
10 times of the machine fertilizer content of organic matter), i.e., per hectare is with 7.2-9.0 tons.
Further, when using black film mulching in step 3, the mulch of 0.010~0.012mm of mulch thickness requirement, matter
Ground is uniform, and film surface is bright, rubs elasticity by force, resistance to ag(e)ing is good.Black gardening cloth be existing market sale polyethylene make
Gardening ground cloth.
Further, when with black mulch film or black gardening cloth covers in step 3, black mulch film or black gardening ground cloth
Width 50cm, if short anvil apple-planting seeding row spacing is 1m × 4m in production, with needing black mulch film or gardening 2505m/ hectares of cloth, i.e.,
Need 0.5m wide, 63kg/ hectares of the mulch that film thickness is 0.010~0.012mm；If it is 1.5m × 4m to transplant seeding row spacing in production,
With needing black mulch film or gardening 1680m/ hectares of cloth needs 0.5m wide, the mulch 42kg/ public affairs that film thickness is 0.010~0.012mm
Hectare；The 0.5m wide black polyethylene gardening sold in existing market cloth be to be sold as unit of rice, so being not provided with herein every
Mu need black polyethylene gardening cloth kilogram number, and the black mulch film in orchard be currently on the market by kilogram as unit of
It sells.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention is significantly carried by short anvil apple rhizosphere rich water abundance zone constructing technology
The high short anvil apple-planting survival rate in nonirrigated farmland, promotes short anvil apple development development and Early Paleozoic strata.With traditional short anvil apple
Planting technique is compared, and short anvil apple rhizosphere rich water abundance zone constructing technology significantly improves the short anvil apple-planting in nonirrigated farmland and survives
Rate promotes the short anvil apple development development (being shown in Table 1) in nonirrigated farmland, and the more traditional planting technique of survival rate improves 12.5%, plant second
The growths such as nonirrigated farmland short anvil apple spring slightly growth length, autumn slightly growth length, brachyplast number, long shoot number, leaf area, mobile jib rugosity in year refer to
Mark is greatly improved than traditional planting technique, and each Growth and development index and each Growth and development index difference under traditional planting technique are aobvious
Write (P<0.05).The lower 3 years raw short anvil apple abloom rates in nonirrigated farmland of rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology are 5.24 under traditional planting technique
Times, fruit-setting rate improves 27.4%, and single plant yield is 4.27 times under traditional planting technique, and rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology is significant
The short anvil apple Early Paleozoic strata (table 2) in nonirrigated farmland is promoted, especially promotes the short anvil apple in nonirrigated farmland in the relatively small number of dry year of rainfall
Fruit Early Paleozoic strata effect is further notable.Between 430~600mm being had focused largely on due to loess plateau apple producing region annual rainfall,
And the characteristics of rainfall is unevenly distributed between year border and moon border is showed, the precipitation of whole year 70% is concentrated in the fall, winter-spring season
Continuous drought especially spring continuous drought makes the normal growth and development of the short anvil apple in nonirrigated farmland be greatly affected, serious to restrict drought
The short anvil apple production potential in ground gives full play to.The short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone in nonirrigated farmland can have in short anvil apple rhizosphere
Effect harvests autumn rainfall, realizes across the season utilization of precipitation, in continuous drought phase in spring short anvil apple under rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology
Fruit rhizosphere soil moisture increases by 4.12 percentage points (tables 3) than traditional planting technique, and soil moisture increases by 31.69%, extremely significantly
Increase arid spring fruit tree rhizosphere soil moisture, to reach " water-fertilizer " cooperate with coupling effect.
1 rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology of table and the short anvil apple-planting survival rate in traditional planting technique nonirrigated farmland
And fruit tree growth and development state compares after transplanting 2 years
Note：Significant difference (P between the different alphabetical expression processing of same column<0.05)；Short anvil apple variety is late-maturing Fuji apple, anvil
Wood is M26；
2 rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology of table and traditional short anvil apple in planting technique nonirrigated farmland are at spending number, fruit-setting rate and single plant to produce
Amount compares
Note：Table 2 is the short anvil apple third year inflorescence amount of rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology and traditional planting technique nonirrigated farmland, inflorescence
Fruit-setting rate, single plant yield statistical form.
3 rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology of table is compared with the short anvil apple soil moisture in traditional planting technique nonirrigated farmland
Note：Measure the date：On June 4th, 2013 (3-6 months are the loess plateau apple producing region dry spells, and in this period
Exactly the critical period of short anvil apple development development rich water demand, rich water demand is big, and soil moisture deficiency leads to fruit tree root
It is the short anvil apple development development key factor of limitation that system, which absorbs soil nutrient difficulty).
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that ditch opens band skiagraph；
Fig. 2 is rhizosphere organic fertilizer Local treatment schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the soil of configuration is backfilling into schematic diagram in the kind planting ditch excavated；
Fig. 4 is micro- ridge covering schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is to excavate collection rain rill schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland, includes the following steps：
(1) ditch opens band：The kind planting ditch one meter wide, depth is half meter is opened along fruit tree plant row, the planting furrow of excavation can
Meet absorption root in short anvil root system of the apple growth and development process to be fully distributed, (such as Fig. 1)；
(2) enrichment of rhizosphere organic fertilizer is handled：By the soil excavated out and organic fertilizer according to mass ratio 7:3 (i.e. per hectare need
Want 120 tons of organic fertilizer) or 6:The proportional arrangement Nutrition Soil of 4 (i.e. per hectare needs 150 tons of organic fertilizer), configuration is simultaneously according to plant
1.0kg phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate) is added in every plant of density, and the soil of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and excavation mixes well (such as Fig. 2), then returns
It fills out in the kind planting ditch excavated (such as Fig. 3)；By improving short anvil apple rhizosphere soil organic matter content, solves traditional plant
In short anvil apple rhizosphere soil organic matter content is low, rich water protects the problem stored with deliverability difference, improve the short anvil apple in nonirrigated farmland
Rhizosphere rich water protects storage and deliverability；
(3) micro- ridge covering：Ridge face is using the trunk transplanted as center line, and intermediate high, both sides are low, forms the arch of the first transaction of a day's business (as schemed
4), 5 centimetres of ridge face height difference is advisable, ridge face both sides width 50cm.After ridge is risen well, smooth ridge face makes real soil, covers black film or black
Color gardening cloth when, it is desirable that mulch is tensed, is stretched, without wrinkle, be close to ridge face；Ridge center both sides mulching film edge is to be connected
Degree, is compacted with fine earth；Ridge both sides mulch or black gardening cloth edge be buried in the earth about 5 centimetres.By mulch or black gardening
Cloth elongates 3~4 meters of caudacoria both sides firming immediately, promotes gradually.Micro- ridge covering, which has not only acted as, to be subtracted steaming, protects storage, rush effect, and
And the invalid precipitation less than 5mm can be become effective precipitation by conflux effect, to improve the utilization rate of precipitation；
(4) collection rain rill is excavated：Mulch or gardening cloth cover it is good after, in ridge face, two lateral extent mulching film edges, 3 centimeters are along row
Deep, wide 15 centimetres of collection rain rill is modified to excavating, it is desirable that bottom of trench is straight, is evenly distributed convenient for rainwater.Topography is uneven in garden, collects rain
When ditch is longer, a crosspiece (such as Fig. 5) can be repaiied in collection rain rill every 2~3 plants of spacing.
Step (1) ditch is opened in band using mini-excavator or orchard profession trench digging mechanical excavation.
Organic fertilizer in step (2) be it is decomposed after organic fertilizer, such as it is decomposed after sheep manure, cow dung, if organic with commodity
Fertilizer, dosage are the 1/10 of common Rate of Organic Fertilizer, i.e., per hectare is with 7.2-9.0 tons.
When in step (3) with black film mulching, the mulch of 0.010~0.012mm of mulch thickness requirement is homogeneous,
Film surface is bright, rubs elasticity by force, resistance to ag(e)ing is good.Black gardening cloth be existing market sale the gardening that makes of polyethylene
Cloth.
The middle black mulch film of step (3) or black gardening cloth covering when, black mulch film or black gardening ground cloth width
50cm.If short anvil apple-planting seeding row spacing is 1m × 4m in production, with needing black mulch film or gardening 2505m/ hectares of cloth, i.e., per acre
Need 0.5m wide, 63kg/ hectares of the mulch that film thickness is 0.010~0.012mm；If it is 1.5m × 4m to transplant seeding row spacing in production,
With needing black mulch film or gardening 1680m/ hectares of cloth needs 0.5m wide, the mulch 42kg/ public affairs that film thickness is 0.010~0.012mm
Hectare；The 0.5m wide black polyethylene gardening sold in existing market cloth be to be sold as unit of rice, so being not provided with herein every
Mu need black polyethylene gardening cloth kilogram number, and the black mulch film in orchard be currently on the market by kilogram as unit of
It sells.
The short anvil apple-planting in nonirrigated farmland is improved under the short anvil apple-planting technology that method proposed by the present invention can be more traditional to survive
Rate 12.5%；Transplant second year short anvil apple spring slightly growth length, autumn slightly growth length, brachyplast number, long shoot number, leaf area, master
The growth indexes such as bar rugosity are greatly improved than traditional planting technique, and each Growth and development index is respectively grown under traditional planting technique
Development index significant difference (P<0.05)；The plant short anvil apple abloom rate in third year nonirrigated farmland is 5.24 under traditional planting technique
Times, fruit-setting rate improves 27.4%, and single plant yield is 4.27 times under traditional planting technique, and rhizosphere rich water abundance zone technology is significant
Promote the short anvil apple Early Paleozoic strata in nonirrigated farmland.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is without being limited thereto, it is any ripe
Those skilled in the art are known in the technical scope of present disclosure, the letter for the technical solution that can be become apparent to
Altered or equivalence replacement are each fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1, ditch open band：1m wide is opened along fruit tree plant row, depth is the planting furrow of 0.5m；
Step 2, rhizosphere organic fertilizer enrichment processing：By the soil excavated out and organic fertilizer according to mass ratio 7:3 or 6:4 ratio is matched
Nutrition Soil is set, simultaneously according to every plant of addition 1.0kg phosphate fertilizer of planting density, the soil of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and excavation is fully mixed for configuration
It is even, then it is backfilling into the planting furrow excavated；
Step 3, the covering of micro- ridge：Ridge face is using the trunk transplanted as center line, and intermediate high, both sides are low, forms the arch of the first transaction of a day's business, and ridge face is high
Difference is 5cm, ridge face both sides width 50cm；After ridge is risen well, smooth ridge face makes real soil, with covering black film or black gardening when cloth,
It is required that mulch is tensed, is stretched, without wrinkle, be close to ridge face；Ridge center both sides mulching film edge is compacted with being connected for degree with fine earth；
Ridge both sides mulch or black gardening cloth edge be buried in the earth 4-5cm, by mulch or black gardening cloth elongates 3~4m caudacorias two
Side firming immediately, promotes gradually；
Step 4 digs collection rain rill：Mulch or gardening cloth cover it is good after, along row to excavation at two lateral extent mulching film edge 3cm of ridge face
Modify deep, width 15cm collection rain rill, it is desirable that bottom of trench is straight, is evenly distributed convenient for rainwater, when topography is uneven in garden, collection rain rill is long,
Every 2~3 plants of spacing a crosspiece is repaiied in collection rain rill.
2. the short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
In rapid 1, ditch is opened in band using mini-excavator or orchard profession trench digging mechanical excavation.
3. the short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Organic fertilizer in rapid 2 be it is decomposed after organic fertilizer, including it is decomposed after sheep manure, cow dung, or use organic commercial fertilizer, dosage is
The 1/10 of common Rate of Organic Fertilizer.
4. the short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
When using black film mulching in rapid 3, the mulch of 0.010~0.012mm of mulch thickness requirement.
5. the short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
When with black mulch film or black gardening cloth covers in rapid 3, black mulch film or black gardening ground cloth width 50cm, if short in production
Anvil apple-planting seeding row spacing is 1m × 4m, with needing black mulch film or gardening 2505m/ hectares of cloth.
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| CN104642046A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-27 | 山东省果树研究所 | Short-stock apple tree level planting, ridge forming and planting method |
| CN104996052A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 王荣莉 | Method for increasing utilization rate of manure and water for dryland orchards |
| CN105875291A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-08-24 | 王红艳 | Soil moisture preserving and weeding technique for loess plateau area dwarf stock apple orchard |
| CN107494116A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-12-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred and building techniques |
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2018
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104145557A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-19 | 静宁县静丰农牧果蔬科技有限公司 | Rainwater collecting and soil moisture preservation method for dry land apple trees |
| CN104145756A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-19 | 静宁县静丰农牧果蔬科技有限公司 | Method for covering dry-land apple grove with black and white microporous membrane for rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation |
| CN105875291A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-08-24 | 王红艳 | Soil moisture preserving and weeding technique for loess plateau area dwarf stock apple orchard |
| CN104642046A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-27 | 山东省果树研究所 | Short-stock apple tree level planting, ridge forming and planting method |
| CN104996052A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 王荣莉 | Method for increasing utilization rate of manure and water for dryland orchards |
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Application publication date: 20180907 |