CN107494116A - A kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred and building techniques - Google Patents
A kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred and building techniques Download PDFInfo
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- CN107494116A CN107494116A CN201710729385.9A CN201710729385A CN107494116A CN 107494116 A CN107494116 A CN 107494116A CN 201710729385 A CN201710729385 A CN 201710729385A CN 107494116 A CN107494116 A CN 107494116A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The phase that the takes effect longer problem that continuous cropping building well faces after the present invention eliminates for apple old orchard, the key technologies such as research, integrated apple nutrition pot big seedling are bred, seedlings continuous cropping building well, Early Paleozoic strata management, cultivate apple nutrition pot big seedling and reach 3.5 4.0m of height, rugosity 3cm, branch 15 18, establish apple nutrition pot big seedling continuous cropping building well Demonstration Garden, realize transplanting building well yield positive results then, 1000 jin of per mu yield in the 2nd year, the target of 5000 jin of per mu yield in the 5th year.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant breeding, and in particular to a kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred and building techniques.
Background technology
11,000,000 mu of Shaanxi Apple area in 2016, it is most of be the nineties in last century it is front and rear transplant, the age of tree has been at present
More than 20 years gave birth to, and coming 10 years Shaanxi Province will have 4,000,000 mu of old orchards to need to excavate.For apple production Base Counties, 70%-
Apple orchard has all been built up in 80% arable land at present, and the income of peasant also relies primarily on apple.Deposited after being dug up due to old orchard
In continuous cropping problem, it is necessary to which 3 years rotated crops, Newly built orchard ability result after 5 years, therefore many orchard workers will be faced with 5-8 in addition
There is no the serious problems that apple, income are greatly reduced.
The content of the invention
In view of this, breed it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling and building techniques, by numerous
Apple nutrition pot big seedling is educated, supporting continuous cropping building techniques, seedlings building well is used after old orchard is excavated, it is possible to achieve plant then
Set, yield positive results then, 1000 jin of per mu yield in the 2nd year, the high yield target of 5000 jin of per mu yield in the 5th year.
I.e. the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling and bred and garden building method, including following step
Suddenly：
1) preparation of the Nutrition Soil of nutrition pot big seedling, is cultivated；
2), apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred；
3), the pruning of apple nutrition pot big seedling；
4), the soil improvement in continuous cropping orchard；
5), apple nutrition pot big seedling building well；
6), Early Paleozoic strata integrated management.
Preferably, apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention breed with garden building method, the group of Nutrition Soil in the step 1)
As table soil：Matrix (apple conventional seedbed system matrix)：Farm manure=2：0.5：0.5 volume ratio.Do not have in the present invention to matrix
It is special to limit, use conventional seedbed system matrix.
Preferably, apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention breed with garden building method, apple described in the step 2) battalion
Support breeding for alms bowl seedlings to be placed into nutritive cube including the Nutrition Soil for preparing step 1), selection more than 1.8 meters apple seedlings of height
Wood is transplanted in nutritive cube；It is highly preferred that the nutritive cube is that (diameter * is highly, big with seedling root by 30*30cm-40*40cm
The small and culture time limit is defined)
Preferably, apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention breed with garden building method, apple described in the step 3) battalion
Supporting the pruning of alms bowl seedlings includes the nutritive cube being placed in 30-40cm depths according to 0.30-0.40m*2m seeding row spacing
In ditch, support is set up, keeps dry vertical growth in the apple nutrition pot big seedling, by the branch of the apple nutrition pot big seedling
Level is drawn, and removes the competition branch of the apple nutrition pot big seedling.
Preferably, apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention breed with garden building method, continuous cropping fruit described in the step 4)
The soil improvement in garden includes trench digging, soil-ripening, the step of backfilling mixed organic fertilizer, composite fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure during soil.This hair
It is bright that organic fertilizer, composite fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure are not particularly limited, such as decomposed farm manure, organic commercial fertilizer, nitrogen can be used
Phosphorus potassium three element compound fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure etc..
Preferably, apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention breed with garden building method, it is described trench digging be the winter before ditch, ditch depth
80cm, wide 80-100cm or so；The soil-ripening is naturally ripe to expose to the sun and rain etc. by the soil of winter, summer after excavating
Change；The backfill soil backfills to divide in the fall 2 times.Table soil and subsoil are placed respectively during excavation, bottom of trench is inserted during backfill
Thick 20cm stalk, weeds etc., all with the native and decomposed organic fertilizer of table, phosphate fertilizer blend it is uniform after fill out in hole, mu is applied organic
Fertile 3000kg, granulated phosphate fertilizer 100kg or so.
Preferably, apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention breed with garden building method, apple nutritive cube in the step 5)
Tree transplanted and management transplant building well for autumn or spring.Carried out before nursery stock germination at the beginning of spring is planted in late March to 4 months.
Autumn transplants, under September-transplant mid-October, Wintering Period trunk buries 40~50cm of native height.Digging nutrition pot big seedling will try one's best
The root system grown to outside nutritive cube is taken, ensures more than root length 50cm.Master, lateral root and being completely cured is repaired before plant.
Column is inserted after plant beside nursery stock, nursery stock is strapped on column, prevents from lodging, makes its vertical growth.
Preferably, bred and in garden building method, early bearing is rich described in the step 6) in apple nutrition pot big seedling of the present invention
Production integrated treatment is that the apple nutrition pot big seedling of transplanting is trimmed, bud is carved, draws branch, the processing of band girdle ring cutting.Removed during trimming
Rugosity exceedes the branch of trunk half, removes excessively intensive branch, general 10cm or so and stays 1 branch.Point retained
Branch, which is moved to, tilts down 120 degree.On by the end of May-June bud is formed in major branch base portion ring cutting or band girdle, promotion.The present invention also carries
The apple nutrition pot big seedling that the above method prepares and continuous cropping building well are supplied.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below to the present invention：
Seedlings building well is to shorten orchard juvenile stage, do sth. in advance the innovative technology of result, is that old residual orchard is renovated, improves soil
Ground utilization rate, the effective way for accelerating Apple Industry transition and upgrade, will realize specialization, the intensive management of nursery stock production, right
Promote the sustainable health development of Apple Industry significant.
The phase that the takes effect longer problem that continuous cropping building well faces after being eliminated for old orchard, research, integrated apple nutrition pot big seedling
Breed, seedlings continuous cropping building well, the 2-3 item key technologies such as Early Paleozoic strata management, cultivate apple nutrition pot big seedling and reach height 3.5-
4.0m, rugosity 8cm, branch 15-18.Apple nutrition pot big seedling continuous cropping building well Demonstration Garden is established, realizes that transplanting building well is opened then
Flower result, 1000 jin of per mu yield in the 2nd year, the target of 5000 jin of per mu yield in the 5th year.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment in the present invention, the technical scheme in the present invention is clearly and completely described.It is aobvious
So, described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the reality in the present invention
Example is applied, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, is all belonged to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1 establish nutrition pot big seedling breed and building well demonstration
Seedlings, conventional seedling plant building well (Luochuan County Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ＆ Forest Science ＆ Technology of Shaanxi Province apple is respectively adopted in spring in 2012
Fruit experiment station), seedlings plant is as follows with building well specific method and step：
1) preparation of the Nutrition Soil of nutrition pot big seedling, is cultivated：
According to table soil：Matrix：Farm manure=2：0.5：0.5 volume ratio prepares the Nutrition Soil of nutrition pot big seedling.
2), apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred:
The Nutrition Soil that step 1) is prepared is placed into nutritive cube, selection more than 1.8 meters red fuji apple nursery stocks of height
1000 plants are transplanted in nutritive cube；Nutritive cube is 30*30cm.
3), the pruning of apple nutrition pot big seedling：
The nutritive cube is placed in the deep ditches of 30cm according to 0.35m*2m seeding row spacing, sets up support, described in holding
Dry vertical growth in apple nutrition pot big seedling, the branch of the apple nutrition pot big seedling is drawn into level, and remove the apple
The competition branch of nutrition pot big seedling.
4), the soil improvement in continuous cropping orchard：
A. ditch：Excavate thorough cut, ditch depth 80cm, wide 80-100cm or so.
B. soil-ripening：Soil-ripening the curing naturally such as is exposed to the sun and rain for winter, the soil of summer after excavating.
C. vegetable soil is backfilled：Backfill vegetable soil backfills to divide in the fall 2 times.
D. organic fertilizer, composite fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure are mixed：Table soil and subsoil to be placed respectively during excavation, bottom of trench inserts stalk,
Filled out after all being mixed uniformly with the native and decomposed organic fertilizer of table, phosphate fertilizer in hole, mu organic fertilizer 3000kg, granulated phosphate fertilizer 100kg
Left and right.Preferably excavated before the winter, by the soil-ripening in winter, summer, autumn sows while there is sufficient moisture in the soil backfill, to sink real soil.
5), the transplanting of apple nutrition pot big seedling and management：Nutrition pot big seedling spring transplants building well, the seedling at the beginning of late March to 4 months
Carried out before wood germination.The root system grown to outside nutritive cube will be taken as far as possible by digging nutrition pot big seedling, ensure more than root length 50cm.
Master, lateral root and being completely cured is repaired before plant.Column is inserted after plant beside nursery stock, nursery stock is strapped on column, prevented
Lodging, makes its vertical growth.
6), Early Paleozoic strata integrated management：
Quarter bud, drawing branch, the processing of band girdle ring cutting, the apple nutrition pot big seedling of transplanting are carried out to the apple nutrition pot big seedling of transplanting
Trimmed, remove the branch that rugosity exceedes trunk half, remove excessively intensive branch, general 10cm or so and stay 1
Branch.The branch of reservation, which is moved to, tilts down 120 degree.In major branch base portion ring cutting or band girdle on by the end of May-June, promote to form flower
Bud.
Experimental result：
The average height of seedlings building well, stem are thick, branch amount, the indexs such as number, No. of inflorescences of bearing fruit significantly (are shown in Table the knot of 1, table 2 greatly
Fruit).Seedlings building well into flower and result significant effect, it is possible to reduce young garden administration fee, shorten orchard juvenile stage, fruit tree shaping, knot
Fruit shifts to an earlier date.Do sth. in advance 3-5 annual bearings, high yield compared with the upper 2 years conventional raw nursery stock building wells of production, early yield significantly improves.
Seedlings are established in Luochuan, Huang Ling, Fu County and breed 50 mu, 60,000 plants of cultivating large seedling, establish seedlings building well Demonstration Garden 500
Mu.The 2nd year per plant more than 20 of seedlings building well, more than 1000 jins of per mu yield；5200 jin of per mu yield in 5th year.Seedlings building well is to shorten fruit
The innovative technology of garden juvenile stage, ahead of time result, it is that old residual orchard is renovated, improves land utilization ratio, accelerates Apple Industry to turn
Type effective way, specialization, the intensive management of nursery stock production will be realized, to promoting the healthy sustainable of Apple Industry in Shaanxi Province
Develop significant.
Processing contrast is seen below：
The nutrition pot big seedling effect of establishment of table 1 investigates (the 3rd year)
The nutrition pot big seedling effect of establishment of table 2 investigates (the 5th year)
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred and garden building method, comprise the following steps：
1) nutritive soil preparation of nutrition pot big seedling, is cultivated；
2), apple nutrition pot big seedling is bred；
3), the pruning of apple nutrition pot big seedling；
4), the soil improvement in continuous cropping orchard；
5), apple nutrition pot big seedling building well；
6), Early Paleozoic strata integrated management.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the composition of Nutrition Soil is table soil in the step 1)：Matrix：
Farm manure=2：0.5：0.5 volume ratio.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that apple nutrition pot big seedling breeds described in the step 2)
Nutrition Soil including step 1) is prepared is placed into nutritive cube, in selection more than 1.8 meters nursery stock transplantings of height to nutritive cube.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that the nutritive cube is that (diameter * is high by 30*30cm~40*40cm
Degree).
5. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the shaping of apple nutrition pot big seedling described in the step 3)
Trimming includes the nutritive cube being placed in the deep ditches of 30-40cm according to 0.30-0.40m*2m seeding row spacing, sets up support,
Dry vertical growth in the apple nutrition pot big seedling is kept, the branch of the apple nutrition pot big seedling is drawn into level, and remove
The competition branch of the apple nutrition pot big seedling.
6. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil improvement bag in continuous cropping orchard described in the step 4)
When including trench digging, soil-ripening, backfill vegetable soil the step of mixed organic fertilizer, composite fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterised in that trench digging is ditched described in nutrition pot big seedling building well before the winter, ditch
Deep 80cm, wide 80-100cm or so；The soil-ripening is the soil-ripening in winter, summer；It is described backfill vegetable soil be
2 backfills of autumn point；Table soil and subsoil are placed respectively during excavation, bottom of trench inserts the thick stalks of 20cm, all with table soil and corruption
Ripe organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer are filled out in hole after mixing uniformly, mu organic fertilizer 3000kg, granulated phosphate fertilizer 100kg or so.
8. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the transplanting of apple nutrition pot big seedling and management in the step 5)
Building well is transplanted for autumn or spring.Carried out before nursery stock germination at the beginning of spring is planted in late March to 4 months；Preferably, plant in the fall
Plant, under September-transplant mid-October, Wintering Period trunk buries 40~50cm of native height；Length will be taken as far as possible by digging nutrition pot big seedling
Root system outside to nutritive cube, ensure more than root length 50cm；Master, lateral root and being completely cured is repaired before plant.After plant
Column is inserted beside nursery stock, nursery stock is strapped on column, prevents from lodging, makes its vertical growth.
9. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that Early Paleozoic strata integrated management described in the step 6) is pair
The apple nutrition pot big seedling of transplanting trimmed, carve bud, draw branch, the processing of band girdle ring cutting；Preferably, the apple nutritive cube of transplanting
When seedlings are trimmed, the branch that rugosity exceedes trunk half is removed, removes excessively intensive branch, general 10cm or so
Stay 1 branch.The branch of reservation, which is moved to, tilts down 120 degree；Preferably, in major branch base portion ring cutting or ring on by the end of May-June
Stripping, promotion form bud.
A kind of 10. apple nutrition pot big seedling building well prepared according to claim 1~9 any one methods described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710729385.9A CN107494116B (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2017-08-23 | Apple nutrition pot seedling breeding and orchard building technology |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710729385.9A CN107494116B (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2017-08-23 | Apple nutrition pot seedling breeding and orchard building technology |
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| CN107494116A true CN107494116A (en) | 2017-12-22 |
| CN107494116B CN107494116B (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201710729385.9A Expired - Fee Related CN107494116B (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2017-08-23 | Apple nutrition pot seedling breeding and orchard building technology |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108496501A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland |
| CN108718862A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-02 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of apple branch big seedling cultivation method |
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| CN104620930A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-20 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | High-quality fruit-tree sapling cultivating method |
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2017
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108496501A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland |
| CN108718862A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-02 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of apple branch big seedling cultivation method |
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| CN107494116B (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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