CN108278939B - A kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration - Google Patents
A kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN108278939B CN108278939B CN201810072945.2A CN201810072945A CN108278939B CN 108278939 B CN108278939 B CN 108278939B CN 201810072945 A CN201810072945 A CN 201810072945A CN 108278939 B CN108278939 B CN 108278939B
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- via hole
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the blasting method of a kind of reduction rock convergence measure and reduction blasting vibration, oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6) step (1): are arranged along tunnel contour line in working face；Step (2): prepare to have and control crack number, direction and special multi-functional pencil with energy-absorbing protective effect；Step (3): the special multi-functional pencil equipped with explosive is packed into presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole (6) using tamper, adjust special multi-functional pencil cutting seam direction, keep its cutting seam direction parallel with tunnel contour line, orthodox explosive is wrapped into oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4)；Step (4): millisecond detonating.With the application of the invention, can reduce damage and vibration of the explosion to country rock, Safety of Surrounding Rock is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blasting methods that can control blasting vibration and reduce rock convergence measure, belong to mining construction neck
Domain.
Background technique
With the rapid development of economy, people are higher and higher to the construction requirement of blasting engineering, that is, require more efficient
Explosion needs the rock of explosion, and requires the damage and destruction reduced to protection country rock of trying one's best, such as groundwater reservoir, core
The special engineerings such as salvage stores require rock integrity higher.Although traditional photoface exploision and presplit blasting improves outline gauge
Whole property, but due to the Stochastic propagation of the unordered release of explosion energy and quick-fried raw crackle, country rock can still be generated compared with macrolesion and
Vibration reduces surrounding rock stability.
Summary of the invention
For above situation, the purpose of the present invention is just to provide the explosion of a kind of reduction rock convergence measure and reduction blasting vibration
Method.
To solve the above problems, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration, its step are as follows:
Step (1): oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common auxiliary are arranged along tunnel contour line in working face
Hole (3), the second common via hole (4), presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6)；
Step (2): prepare to have and control crack number, direction and special multi-functional pencil with energy-absorbing protective effect；
Step (3): the special multi-functional pencil equipped with explosive is packed into presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole using tamper
(6), special multi-functional pencil cutting seam direction is adjusted, keeps its cutting seam direction parallel with tunnel contour line, orthodox explosive package
Enter oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4)；
Step (4): millisecond detonating.
The blasting method in step (1), is spaced between presplitting via hole (5), is uniformly arranged presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture
(7), it is spaced between periphery hole (6), is uniformly arranged periphery emptying aperture (8)；In step (3), presplitting assists emptying aperture (7) and periphery empty
Hole (8) not powder charge.There are two effects for emptying aperture: 1. guidance oriented cracks are extended to emptying aperture Directional Extension；2. inhibiting oriented crack point
End generates wing crackle under Blast Loads and extends to rock mass is retained.
The blasting method, presplitting assist the diameter of emptying aperture (7) and periphery emptying aperture (8) to be more than or equal to presplitting via hole
(5), the diameter of periphery hole (6).
The blasting method, millisecond detonating sequence is that presplitting via hole (5) detonates at first in the step 4, is then pressed
It is risen according to oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6) sequence
It is quick-fried.
The blasting method, presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole (6) row's spacing are greater than periphery hole in the step (1)
(6) and periphery emptying aperture (8) borehole spacing to guarantee that through-wall crack can be formed between periphery hole (6) forms regular contoured surface.
The blasting method, the multi-functional pencil include explosive chamber (9), surround explosive chamber ring cavity (10),
(11) are stitched in cutting through cavity (10)；Close on poured into the cavity in quick-fried rock direction it is incompressible including fine sand
Graininess expands energy substance, destroys rock using the particle " jet stream " that explosion generates, reinforces crack propagation；It is closing on by protection country rock
Cavity in energy-absorbing substance including rubber, foamed aluminium including, protection country rock is added.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effects of the present invention presplitting via hole detonates at first, in keyhole, via hole
Precracking is formed before detonation, to slacken keyhole, the explode stress wave direction to be formed of via hole retain that rock mass is propagated and prevention is drawn
Slot, via hole explode the quick-fried raw crackle to be formed to retain rock mass extension.The periphery that the two of beneficial effects of the present invention are not detonated
The stress wave that blasthole can generate presplitting via hole and keyhole, the explosion of common via hole plays the role of slackening.Of the invention has
Three periphery holes of beneficial effect finally detonate, in explosion rock mass direction, the presplitting via hole, keyhole and the common via hole that first detonate
Free face is formed for periphery hole, guidance periphery hole explosion energy reduces and passes to protection rock mass to by the free face propagation of quick-fried rock mass
It broadcasts, reduces the destruction to protection country rock.Aperture is set not only in four presplit cut holes of beneficial effects of the present invention and periphery hole
Oriented crack can be guided to emptying aperture Directional Extension, optimize directional fracture effect, oriented crack tip can also be inhibited to explode
Wing crackle is generated under load action to extend to rock mass is retained；Add between two layers of the shell of special pencil of the five of beneficial effects of the present invention
Enter energy-absorbing substance can reinforce to retain rock mass protection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, which is shown, drops vibration detraction gallery steel for shot figure based on via hole presplitting (A is front view, and B is top view)；
Fig. 2 shows based on via hole presplitting drop vibration detraction vertical steel for shot figure (A is front view, and B is cross-section diagram)；
Fig. 3, which is shown, drops vibration detraction gallery steel for shot figure (having emptying aperture) based on via hole presplitting, and A is front view, and B is
Top view；
Fig. 4, which is shown, drops vibration detraction vertical steel for shot figure (having emptying aperture) based on via hole presplitting, and A is front view, and B is
Cross-section diagram；
Fig. 5 shows multi-functional two joint-cutting schematic diagram of pencil；
Fig. 6 shows multi-functional three joint-cutting schematic diagram of pencil；
In figure: the oblique keyhole of 1-；The straight keyhole of 2-；The common via hole of 3- first；The common via hole of 4- second；5- presplitting is auxiliary
Help hole；6- periphery hole；7- presplitting assists emptying aperture；The periphery 8- emptying aperture；9- explosive chamber；10- cavity；11- cutting seam.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1, which gives, drops vibration detraction gallery steel for shot figure based on via hole presplitting, and Fig. 2 gives based on via hole presplitting
Drop vibration detraction vertical steel for shot figure, including oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), second are commonly
Via hole (4), presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6).
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, for the bad situation of lithology, such as rock is extremely hard or rock fracture develops more feelings
It is used under condition, on the basis of embodiment 1, presplitting via hole is spaced between (5), is uniformly arranged presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7), in week
It is spaced between lateral opening (6), is uniformly arranged periphery emptying aperture (8).
Embodiment 3
Fig. 5 gives the special charge structure schematic diagram of two joint-cuttings, and Fig. 6 gives the special charge structure schematic diagram of three joint-cuttings,
Including powder charge chamber (9), cavity (10), cutting seam (11), energy-absorbing substance protection country rock can be added in hollow cavity (10) top, under
Portion can be added expansion energy substance and increase explosive energy utilization rate, and special pack shell can also be designed as simple PVC, without cavity
(10)；Cutting seam (11) can be designed as 1 cutting seam, 2 cutting seams, 3 cutting seams, 4 cuttings according to actual requirement of engineering
The a plurality of cutting seam such as seam.
Embodiment 4
It is described below and vibration detraction blasting method (gallery), including following step is dropped based on via hole presplitting based on embodiment 1
It is rapid:
Step 1: in tunnel, the working face arrangement oblique keyhole of individual pen (1), keyhole (1) are located at drift section middle and lower part, such as
Shown in Fig. 1.
Preferably, oblique 1 pitch of holes 450mm of keyhole, aperture 42mm, 81 ° of inclination angle, hole depth 2m.
Step 2: continuing the two rows of common via holes of arrangement in the periphery of oblique keyhole 1, be the first common via hole respectively
(3), the second common via hole (4), as shown in Figure 1.
Preferably, spacing is 550mm, the first common auxiliary between oblique keyhole 1 and the first common via hole (3)
Hole (3), the second common via hole (4) line space 550mm, spacing 450mm between blasthole, vertical perforating, hole depth 2m.
Step 3: in peripheral tunnel working face arrangement presplitting via hole (5) of the second common via hole (4), as shown in Figure 1.
Preferably, presplitting via hole (5) pitch of holes be 600mm, hole depth 2m, presplitting via hole (5) and commonly it is auxiliary
Helping hole (4) row spacing is 550mm.
Step 4: in peripheral tunnel working face arrangement periphery hole (6) of presplitting via hole (5), as shown in Figure 1.
Preferably, spacing 600mm between periphery hole (6), spacing is between presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole 6
600mm, as shown in Figure 1.
Step 5: making multi-functional pencil.First explosive is packed into the explosive chamber (9) of special multi-functional pencil.Then it makes
Quick-fried pencil, igniting primer, which cuts two electric detonator payment to a porter, only retains a 20cm long, respectively with blow out bus and connect, and with insulating
Adhesive tape is wrapped, and short circuit and open circuit are prevented.Then two hair detonators are inserted into explosive columns and are fitted into fried in special multi-functional pencil
Medicine cavity (9).The place for making igniting primer will store other than point 10m away from explosive.
Preferably, when making multi-functional pencil, the energy-absorbings substance such as foam, Ke Yi great can be filled in upper cavity
The big energy for absorbing explosion and retaining rock mass propagation to top, reduces injury of the explosion to rock mass is retained.
Step 5: special multi-functional pencil being fitted into presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole (6) and then adjusts multifunctional medical
The direction of pipe cutting seam (11) makes cutting seam (11) be oriented parallel to contour line direction, may insure edge after explosive charge in this way
Cutting seam direction forms macroscopic cracking.
Step 6: orthodox explosive is packed into oblique keyhole (1) and the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4)
In.
Step 7: msdelayed light emission detonation, detonation damage are followed successively by presplitting via hole (5), keyhole (1), the first common auxiliary
Hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6).
Step 8: slagging tap.
Embodiment 5
It is described below and vibration detraction blasting method (vertical), including following step is dropped based on via hole presplitting based on embodiment 1
It is rapid:
Step 1: arranging angled cut hole (1) and burn cut hole (2) in vertical shaft working surface, as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, angled cut hole (1) encloses diameter 1600mm, and blasthole spacing 628mm, 81 ° of blasthole inclination angle, straight eye is drawn
Slot (2) encloses diameter 1800mm, blasthole spacing 706mm, blast hole depth 5.4m.
Step 2: arranging the first common via hole (3) and the second common via hole (4) in vertical shaft working surface, as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, the first common via hole (3) encloses diameter 3100mm, blasthole spacing 885mm；Second common via hole
(4) diameter 4300mm, blasthole spacing 843mm are enclosed.
Step 3: arranging presplitting via hole (5) in vertical shaft working surface, as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, presplitting via hole (5) encloses diameter 5300mm, spacing between (5) two blasthole of presplitting via hole
800mm。
Step 4: arranging periphery hole (6) in vertical shaft working surface, as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, periphery hole (6) encloses diameter 6600mm, spacing 800mm between (6) two blasthole of periphery hole.
Step 5: the special multifunctional medical equipped with explosive being wrapped in the pre- ceasma of auxiliary (5) and periphery hole (6), cutting seam
It is oriented parallel to vertical contour line, is blocked with stemming.
Preferably, the incompressible graininess expansion energy such as fine sand can be poured into the cavity in quick-fried rock direction closing on
Substance destroys rock using the particle " jet stream " that explosion generates, reinforces crack propagation；Added in the cavity of protection country rock closing on
Enter the energy-absorbings substance such as rubber, foamed aluminium, protects country rock.
Step 6: orthodox explosive is packed into oblique keyhole (1), burn cut hole (2), the first common via hole (3), second
In common via hole (4), then blocked with stemming.
Step 7: it is detonated using msdelayed light emission, firing order are as follows: presplitting via hole (5), oblique keyhole (1), burn cut
Hole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6).
Step 8: slagging tap.
Embodiment 6
It is described below and vibration detraction blasting method (gallery), including following step is dropped based on via hole presplitting based on embodiment 2
It is rapid:
Step 1: in tunnel, working face arrangement individual pen angled cut hole (1), keyhole (1) are located at drift section middle and lower part,
As shown in Figure 3.
Preferably, oblique keyhole space is away from 450mm, aperture 42mm, 81 ° of inclination angle, hole depth 2m.
Step 2: in tunnel, working face arranges the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), as shown in Figure 3.
Preferably, the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4) line space 550mm, between blasthole
Spacing 450mm, vertical perforating, hole depth 2m.
Step 3: working face arrangement presplitting via hole (5) and presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7) in tunnel, as shown in Figure 3.
Preferably, presplitting via hole (5) pitch of holes is 600mm, and presplitting via hole (5) and presplitting assist emptying aperture
(7) spacing 300mm between, hole depth 2m, between presplitting via hole (5), presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7) and the second common via hole (4) row
Away from for 550mm.
Step 4: working face arrangement periphery hole (6) and periphery emptying aperture (8) in tunnel, as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, spacing 300mm between periphery hole (6) and periphery emptying aperture (8), spacing between periphery hole (6)
600mm, periphery emptying aperture (8) are evenly distributed between adjacent two periphery hole (6), as shown in Figure 2.
Step 5: making multi-functional pencil.First explosive is packed into the explosive chamber (9) of special multi-functional pencil.Then it makes
Quick-fried pencil, igniting primer, which cuts two electric detonator payment to a porter, only retains a 20cm long, respectively with blow out bus and connect, and with insulating
Adhesive tape is wrapped, and short circuit and open circuit are prevented.Then two hair detonators are inserted into explosive columns and are fitted into fried in special multi-functional pencil
Medicine cavity (9).The place for making igniting primer will store other than point 10m away from explosive.
Preferably, when making multi-functional pencil, the energy-absorbings substance such as foam, Ke Yi great can be filled in upper cavity
The big energy for absorbing explosion and retaining rock mass propagation to top, reduces injury of the explosion to rock mass is retained.
Step 5: special multi-functional pencil being fitted into presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole (6) and then adjusts multifunctional medical
The direction of pipe cutting seam (11) makes cutting seam (11) be oriented parallel to contour line direction, may insure edge after explosive charge in this way
Cutting seam direction forms macroscopic cracking.
Step 6: orthodox explosive is packed into oblique keyhole (1) and the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4)
In.
Step 7: msdelayed light emission detonation, detonation damage are followed successively by presplitting via hole (5), keyhole (1), the first common auxiliary
Hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6).
Step 8: slagging tap.
Embodiment 7
Embodiment 2 is described below drops vibration detraction blasting method (vertical) based on via hole presplitting, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: arranging angled cut hole (1) and burn cut hole (2) in vertical shaft working surface, as shown in Figure 4.
Preferably, angled cut hole (1) encloses diameter 1600mm, and blasthole spacing 628mm, 81 ° of blasthole inclination angle, straight eye is drawn
Slot (2) encloses diameter 1800mm, blasthole spacing 706mm, blast hole depth 5.4m.
Step 2: arranging the first common via hole (3) and the second common via hole (4) in vertical shaft working surface, as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, the first common via hole (3) encloses diameter 3100mm, blasthole spacing 885mm；Second common via hole
(4) diameter 4300mm, blasthole spacing 843mm are enclosed.
Step 3: in vertical shaft working surface arrangement presplitting via hole (5) and presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7), as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, presplitting via hole (5) encloses diameter 5300mm, spacing between (5) two blasthole of presplitting via hole
800mm, presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7) are arranged between two presplitting via holes (5), presplitting via hole (5) and presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7)
Spacing 400mm.
Step 4: in vertical shaft working surface arrangement periphery hole (6) and periphery emptying aperture (8), as shown in Figure 2.
Preferably, periphery hole (6) encloses diameter 6600mm, spacing 800mm between (6) two blasthole of periphery hole, periphery sky
Hole (8) is arranged between two periphery holes (6), spacing 800mm between periphery hole (6) and periphery emptying aperture (8).
Step 5: the special multifunctional medical equipped with explosive being wrapped in the pre- ceasma of auxiliary (5) and periphery hole (6), cutting seam
It is oriented parallel to vertical contour line, is blocked with stemming.
Preferably, the incompressible graininess expansion energy such as fine sand can be poured into the cavity in quick-fried rock direction closing on
Substance destroys rock using the particle " jet stream " that explosion generates, reinforces crack propagation；Added in the cavity of protection country rock closing on
Enter the energy-absorbings substance such as rubber, foamed aluminium, protects country rock.
Step 6: orthodox explosive is packed into oblique keyhole (1), burn cut hole (2), the first common via hole (3), second
In common via hole (4), then blocked with stemming.
Step 7: it is detonated using msdelayed light emission, firing order are as follows: presplitting via hole (5), oblique keyhole (1), burn cut
Hole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6).
Step 8: slagging tap.
It should be understood that for those of ordinary skills, it can be modified or changed according to the above description,
And all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration, which is characterized in that its step are as follows:
Step (1): oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole are arranged along tunnel contour line in working face
(3), the second common via hole (4), presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6)；It is spaced between presplitting via hole (5), uniformly sets
Presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7) is set, is spaced between periphery hole (6), is uniformly arranged periphery emptying aperture (8)；
Step (2): prepare to have and control crack number, direction and special multi-functional pencil with energy-absorbing protective effect；
Step (3): the special multi-functional pencil equipped with explosive is packed into presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole (6) using tamper, is adjusted
Whole special multi-functional pencil cutting seam direction, keeps its cutting seam direction parallel with tunnel contour line, and orthodox explosive is wrapped into tiltedly drawing
Slot (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4)；Presplitting assists emptying aperture (7) and periphery
Emptying aperture (8) not powder charge；
Step (4): millisecond detonating；Millisecond detonating sequence be that presplitting via hole (5) detonates at first, then according to oblique keyhole (1),
Straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6) sequence are detonated.
2. blasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that presplitting assists the straight of emptying aperture (7) and periphery emptying aperture (8)
Diameter is more than or equal to the diameter of presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6).
3. blasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that presplitting via hole (5) and periphery in the step (1)
Hole (6) arranges spacing and is greater than periphery hole (6) and periphery emptying aperture (8) borehole spacing, is split with guaranteeing to be formed between periphery hole (6) to run through
Line forms regular contoured surface.
4. blasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi-functional pencil includes explosive chamber (9), surrounds
(11) are stitched in the ring cavity (10) of explosive chamber, the cutting through cavity (10)；It is poured into the cavity in quick-fried rock direction closing on
Incompressible graininess including fine sand expands energy substance, destroys rock using the particle " jet stream " that explosion generates, reinforces splitting
Line extension；The energy-absorbing substance being added including rubber, foamed aluminium in the cavity of protection country rock is being closed on, country rock is protected.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810072945.2A CN108278939B (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2018-01-25 | A kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration |
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| CN201810072945.2A CN108278939B (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2018-01-25 | A kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration |
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| CN108278939B true CN108278939B (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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| CN112904406A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-04 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Method for manufacturing seismic exploration explosive package through whole-course short circuit |
| CN112880500B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-03-11 | 中交路桥北方工程有限公司 | Wall protection smooth blasting method for tunnel weak surrounding rock based on double-layer peripheral hole arrangement |
| CN114812309A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 淄博圣世达***工程有限公司 | Pre-splitting blasting engineering method for digital electronic detonator |
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