CN111336877A - Crack-controllable forced caving blasting method - Google Patents
Crack-controllable forced caving blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111336877A CN111336877A CN202010305050.6A CN202010305050A CN111336877A CN 111336877 A CN111336877 A CN 111336877A CN 202010305050 A CN202010305050 A CN 202010305050A CN 111336877 A CN111336877 A CN 111336877A
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- explosive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/22—Elements for controlling or guiding the detonation wave, e.g. tubes
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fracture-controllable forced caving blasting method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: arranging blast holes, and step 2: the cartridge bag preparation, the cartridge bag includes that contains detonating cord cartridge bag and detonating cartridge bag, and the cartridge bag tube is made by the PVC material, including charge chamber and cutting seam, step 3: loading explosive, namely loading the explosive tube into the blast hole, loading explosive by adopting the explosive column, firstly inserting an anti-slip thread into one end of the explosive column before loading explosive, then adjusting the direction of the cutting seam of the explosive tube, and step 4: sealing, adopting a compressed air medicine filling device and an antistatic flame-retardant plastic pipe to perform compressed air mud spraying hole sealing, and step 5: the electric detonator is detonated, and the adjacent blast holes adopt different sections of electric detonators. The forced caving blasting method of the invention directionally cuts the rock through the cutting seam on the special pharmaceutical pipe wall, can control the number and direction of cracks, and achieves the purposes of accurately controlling the explosive energy release and safely caving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blasting method, in particular to a crack-controllable forced caving blasting method.
Background
At present, in coal mining work, a goaf roof is often over-hard, over-large and over-thick, and in order to prevent a goaf old roof from caving in a large area and form a strong shock wave to cause serious damage and gas outburst accidents, the internal stress of the old roof is changed through an external force, so that the old roof can regularly collapse in a small area with a weak structural plane. However, the explosion energy of the existing explosion technology is randomly released and is not easy to control, the explosive explosion easily causes the weak structural surface to be excessively crushed or the weak structural surface to be crushed and not meet the requirement of regular small area collapse, the old roof is caused to irregularly collapse in large area, and the construction safety accident is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crack-controllable forced caving blasting method, which is characterized in that rock is directionally cut through a cutting crack on the wall of a special explosive tube, the number and direction of cracks can be controlled, and the aim of accurately controlling explosive energy release is fulfilled; different coupling substances can be filled in the special cavities on the medicine bag, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the energy release in the non-incision direction is achieved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a fracture-controllable forced caving blasting method comprises the following steps:
step 1: arrangement of blast holes
The forced caving system comprises a machine direction, a rail direction, a working surface and blast holes, wherein a plurality of blast holes are respectively arranged on a top plate of the machine direction and a top plate of the rail direction.
Step 2: making of medicine bag
Preparing a multifunctional cartridge tube with the functions of controlling the number and direction of cracks and increasing energy absorption or energy expansion substances. The explosive tube is provided with a certain number of cutting seams with a certain width on the wall of the tube shell, the stress field distribution of the explosive after explosion can be changed by the cutting seams, the stress at the positions of the cutting seams is increased, the stress is concentrated at the positions of the cutting seams, cracks are firstly generated, then detonation products and energy are preferentially released from the cutting seams, and the cracks at the positions are continuously expanded. The number and direction of cracks can be varied by varying the number and location of the gaps.
The explosive package comprises an detonating cord explosive package and a detonating explosive package, the explosive tube comprises an explosive package tube shell, an explosive loading cavity and a cutting seam, and the explosive package tube shell is made of PVC materials.
The explosive is filled into the explosive tube by the explosive fuse cartridge, then the explosive fuse is inserted into the explosive, the explosive fuse penetrates through the head and the tail of the explosive column, and the explosive fuse is added to prevent the pipeline effect from occurring and cause the explosive to blow down; the detonating explosive package is characterized in that the leg wires of the two electric detonators are reserved to be 18-22cm long, are respectively connected with an explosion bus and are tightly wrapped by an insulating adhesive tape to prevent short circuit and broken circuit, and then the two electric detonators are inserted into an explosive column and are filled into an explosive tube.
And step 3: medicine charge
The explosive tube is filled into blast holes, each blast hole is provided with an initiating explosive package, explosive columns are adopted for loading, firstly, an anti-slip thread is inserted into one end of each explosive column before loading, then, the direction of cutting seams of the explosive tube is adjusted, the direction of the cutting seams is perpendicular to the plane of the top plate, macroscopic cracks are formed along the direction of the cutting seams after explosive explosion, and finally, the explosive columns are connected one by one and sent to the bottoms of the blast holes.
And 4, step 4: sealing closure
And (4) carrying out compressed air mud spraying hole sealing by adopting a compressed air medicine loader and an antistatic flame-retardant plastic pipe.
And 5: the electric detonators are detonated, and the adjacent blast holes adopt different sections of electric detonators, so that a through crack is prevented from being formed too early, and explosive energy is prevented from being leaked too early.
Furthermore, blast holes in the blast hole arrangement are perpendicular to the central line of the roadway along the rail, the horizontal distance between every two adjacent blast holes is 1.5-2.2 m, and the included angle between each blast hole and the horizontal direction is 20-80 degrees.
Furthermore, the explosive tube in the step 2 is composed of two layers of tube shells, a cavity is formed between the two layers of tube shells, the purpose of adjusting the explosive energy release is achieved by adding energy-absorbing substances or energy-expanding substances into the cavity, energy-absorbing substances such as rubber and foamed aluminum can be added into the cavity, the explosive energy release in the non-cutting seam direction is reduced by utilizing the energy-absorbing principle of the substances, the damage of explosion to surrounding rock is protected, and cracks only appear at the cutting seam; energy-expanding substances such as fine sand can be added into the cavity, so that the explosive energy is increased to be released in the non-cutting direction, the peak pressure of the explosion shock wave acting on the rock wall is increased by utilizing the incompressibility of the fine sand, sand mist can be formed after the fine sand explodes, and the sand mist is embedded into the cracks to achieve the effect of splitting the cracks; the explosive tube with the cutting seam is detonated in the top plate, strong energy formed at the cutting seam can cut the top plate into cracks, so that the top plate is easy to collapse, the initial pressure step distance is reduced, and large-area top plate exposure is reduced.
Further, at least one cutting seam is formed in the step 2.
Furthermore, the place for manufacturing the initiating explosive bag in the step 2 is more than ten meters away from the explosive cavity.
Furthermore, in the step 3, the first section of explosive columns are ensured to be conveyed to the bottom of the hole in the charging process, the number of the first-time explosive columns is less than or equal to two sections, 4-10 sections of explosive columns are charged again, and the number of the charged explosive is recorded in detail during charging, so that whether the sum of the charged explosive length and the length of the remaining hole without charged explosive conforms to the actual hole depth or not can be checked at any time.
Further, the material for sealing the holes in the container 4 is loess.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the forced caving blasting method directionally cuts the rock through the cutting seam on the special pharmaceutical pipe wall, can control the number and the direction of cracks, achieves the aim of accurately controlling the explosive energy release, and enables the old top to safely collapse along the cracks formed by explosion according to the design;
2. the forced top-setting blasting method can fill different coupling substances through the special cavity on the explosive bag, achieves the purpose of adjusting the energy release in the non-cutting direction and improves the energy utilization rate of the explosive.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forced caving blasting method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the arrangement of forced top blasting blastholes of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a slit in a pharmaceutical tube of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a two-slit cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a special cartridge structure with four cutting seams according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the section B-B in FIG. 5 according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-mechanically smoothing; 2-smoothing; 3-working surface; 4-blast hole; 5-crack; 6-a medicine loading cavity; 7-a cavity; 8-cutting of seams
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A fracture-controllable forced caving blasting method comprises the following steps:
step 1: arrangement of blast holes
The blastholes are arranged, as shown in fig. 1, the forced caving system comprises a machine direction 1, a rail direction 2, a working face 3 and blastholes 4, a plurality of blastholes 4 are respectively arranged on the machine direction 1 and the rail direction 2 towards a top plate, the blastholes 4 are arranged perpendicular to the central line of a roadway of the rail direction 2, the horizontal distance between the adjacent blastholes 4 is 1.8-2.2 m, the included angle a between each blasthole 4 and the horizontal direction is 20 °, b is 40 °, c is 80 °, as shown in fig. 3.
Step 2: making of medicine bag
The explosive package comprises an detonating cord explosive package and a detonating explosive package, the explosive tube comprises an explosive package shell, an explosive loading cavity 6 and a cutting seam 8, and the explosive package shell is made of PVC materials as shown in figures 5 and 6. Energy absorbing substances such as rubber pads and the like are added into the cavity 7, so that the energy release of the explosive in the non-cutting direction is reduced, and the surrounding rock is protected. The cartridge case still can be designed for pure PVC, does not have cavity 7, and cutting seam 8 can be according to many cutting seams such as 1 cutting seam, 2 cutting seams, 3 cutting seams, 4 cutting seams of actual engineering needs design.
Explosive containing detonating cord is required to be filled into a special multifunctional explosive tube, then the detonating cord is inserted into the explosive, and the detonating cord penetrates through the head and the tail of an explosive column; the two electric detonator leg wires are cut off to be 18-22cm long, the two electric detonator leg wires are respectively connected with a blasting bus and are tightly wrapped by an insulating tape to prevent short circuit and broken circuit, then the two electric detonators are inserted into a detonator column and are filled into a special multifunctional detonator, and the place for manufacturing the initiating explosive package is 6 m away from a charging cavity.
And step 3: medicine charge
The method comprises the steps of loading a special multifunctional explosive tube into a blast hole, loading explosive by adopting a connectable explosive column, inserting an anti-slip thread into one end of the explosive column before loading the explosive, adjusting the direction of a cutting seam 8 of the multifunctional explosive tube to enable the direction of the cutting seam 8 to be vertical to the plane of a top plate, so that macroscopic cracks can be formed along the direction of the cutting seam 8 after the explosive is exploded, forming a weak structure surface of a huge thick hard top plate by the macroscopic cracks to facilitate collapse of the top plate, connecting the explosive column sections by sections and sending the explosive column sections to the bottom of a blast hole, ensuring that the first explosive column section is sent to the bottom of the hole, ensuring that the number of the first explosive sent sections is not more than 2 sections, loading 4-10 sections of explosive columns at one time, and recording the number of the loaded explosive in detail during loading so as to check whether the sum of the explosive length and the length of the hole length without the loaded explosive.
And 4, step 4: sealing closure
And (3) carrying out compressed air mud spraying hole sealing by adopting a compressed air medicine filling device and an antistatic flame-retardant plastic pipe, wherein the hole sealing material is slightly moist loess.
And 5: the electric detonator is detonated, the adjacent blast holes are detonated by adopting the differential difference of the electric detonators of different sections, and the interval time between the adjacent blast holes is 50 microseconds.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A crack-controllable forced caving blasting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: arrangement of blast holes
The forced roof-caving system comprises a machine (1), a rail (2), a working face (3) and blast holes (4), wherein the blast holes (4) are respectively arranged towards a roof plate in the machine (1) and the rail (2);
step 2: making of medicine bag
The explosive bag comprises an explosive fuse explosive bag and an explosive initiating explosive bag, the explosive tube comprises an explosive bag tube shell, an explosive loading cavity (6) and a cutting seam (8), and the explosive bag tube shell is made of a PVC material;
explosive is filled into the explosive loading cavity (6) by the explosive fuse explosive package, then the explosive fuse is inserted into the explosive, and the explosive fuse penetrates through the head and the tail of the explosive column; the detonating explosive package is characterized in that the leg wires of the two electric detonators are reserved to be 18-22cm long, are respectively connected with an explosion bus and are tightly wrapped by an insulating adhesive tape to prevent short circuit and open circuit, and then the two electric detonators are inserted into an explosive column and are filled into an explosive tube;
and step 3: medicine charge
Loading the explosive tube into a blast hole, loading the explosive by using an explosive column, inserting an anti-slip thread into one end of the explosive column before loading the explosive, then adjusting the direction of a cutting seam (8) of the explosive tube to ensure that the direction of the cutting seam (8) is vertical to the plane of a top plate, ensuring that a macroscopic crack is formed along the direction of the cutting seam (8) after the explosive explodes, and finally connecting and conveying the explosive column section by section to the bottom of a blast hole;
and 4, step 4: sealing closure
A compressed air chemical feeder and an antistatic flame-retardant plastic pipe are used for compressed air mud spraying hole sealing;
and 5: the electric detonator is detonated, and the adjacent blast holes are detonated by adopting the differential difference of the electric detonators of different sections.
2. A crack-controllable forced caving blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement of blast holes (4) in the blast hole arrangement is perpendicular to the central line of the roadway of the trackway (2), the horizontal distance between adjacent blast holes (4) is 1.5-2.2 m, and the included angle between the blast holes (4) and the horizontal direction is 20-80 °.
3. A forced caving blasting method with controllable cracks according to claim 1, wherein the explosive tube in the step 2 consists of two layers of tube shells, a cavity (7) is formed between the two layers of tube shells, and when a common explosive package is manufactured, energy expanding or absorbing substances are filled in the cavity (7) to adjust the energy release of the explosive.
4. A crack-controllable forced caving blasting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one cutting crack (8) is formed in step 2.
5. A method of controlled-crack forced caving blasting according to claim 1, wherein the point of making the initiating charge in step 2 is more than ten meters from the charge chamber (6).
6. A fracture-controllable forced caving blasting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the charge of step 3 ensures that the first section of explosive column is fed to the bottom of the hole, the number of the first charge is less than or equal to two, 4-10 sections of explosive columns are loaded again, and the number of the charge is recorded in detail during the charge, so as to check whether the sum of the charge length and the hole length of the rest of the unloaded charge is consistent with the actual hole depth at any time.
7. A crack-controllable forced caving blasting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hole-sealing material in step 4 is loess.
8. A method of controlled crack forced caving blasting according to claim 1, wherein the interval of 5-millisecond initiation is 50 μ s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010305050.6A CN111336877A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Crack-controllable forced caving blasting method |
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| CN202010305050.6A CN111336877A (en) | 2020-04-17 | 2020-04-17 | Crack-controllable forced caving blasting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112879009A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 贵州黔西能源开发有限公司 | Forced caving method for two ends of working face based on presplitting directional blasting |
| CN112904406A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-04 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Method for manufacturing seismic exploration explosive package through whole-course short circuit |
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| CN112879009A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 贵州黔西能源开发有限公司 | Forced caving method for two ends of working face based on presplitting directional blasting |
| CN112904406A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-04 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Method for manufacturing seismic exploration explosive package through whole-course short circuit |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |