CN107962169A - The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material - Google Patents
The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107962169A CN107962169A CN201711293929.8A CN201711293929A CN107962169A CN 107962169 A CN107962169 A CN 107962169A CN 201711293929 A CN201711293929 A CN 201711293929A CN 107962169 A CN107962169 A CN 107962169A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material, it is related to new material production method technical field.The described method includes the electrode block that gradient composites raw material to be prepared are made up to heterogeneity by the Elemental redistribution of gradient structure of metallic matrix and ceramics etc. of the methods of powder metallurgy or founding.The electrode block of heterogeneity is put into electrode block clamping pipe, is then sintered together together with the electrode cores identical with metallic matrix and electrode exterior clamping by heat treatment.Electrode auxiliary heating system is opened, compound comsumable melt is instilled in crucible under high arc temperature after startup, while crucible passes through sensing heating.As the melt of the decline heterogeneity of crucible is progressively solidified into as gradient composites.Combined by consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting and directional solidification to prepare metal-based gradient composite material in situ, can effectively improve the stability and uniformity of the gradient gradient composites of preparation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method technical field of metal material, more particularly to a kind of refractory metal base graded composite
The preparation facilities and method of material.
Background technology
Gradient composites are to answer two kinds or two or more elements according to one kind that component and structure gradient change
Condensation material, to realize the graded of material function, so as to fulfill different functions, gradient composites are widely used in machine
The fields such as tool, metallurgy, mining, space flight, communication, medical treatment.The preparation method of common gradient composites has：Powder metallurgy
Method；Plasma spraying method；Vapour deposition process；Laser cladding；Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.Composite material is usually prepared, especially
When being containing ceramic phase, it is easy to occur that the wetting of reinforcement and matrix is difficult and interfacial reaction seriously and matrix poor compatibility etc.
Problem, causes local characteristics to decline.And for high temperature alloy, since stabilized metal is high, to prepare gradient composites just more
It is difficult.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are how to provide one kind by fabricated in situ to prepare gradient stabilization uniform
Composite material device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of refractory metal base graded composite
The preparation facilities of material, it is characterised in that：Including furnace body, crucible rotation is provided with the outside of the lower portion of furnace body and is driven with lifting
Device, the lower part of the furnace body are located at outside the furnace body equipped with one end, and the other end is located at the crucible pole in the furnace body, the earthenware
One end that crucible bar is located at outside furnace body is connected with the power output end of the crucible rotation and lifting drive, the crucible pole position
It is fixedly connected in one end in furnace body with crucible, the periphery of the crucible is equipped with graphite heater, the graphite heater
Periphery be provided with induction coil, be provided with the outside of the upper of furnace body combination electrode jacking system and electrode auxiliary heating system
System lifting gear, one end of combination electrode are located at the outside of the upper end of the furnace body, the end and the combination electrode jacking system
Power output end connection, the other end of the combination electrode be located at that the furnace body is interior and the end be located at the crucible just on
It is square, electrode auxiliary heating system is provided with the outside of the combination electrode, one end of the mobile bar adds with electrode auxiliary
Hot systems are fixedly connected, and the other end of the mobile bar is extended to outside the furnace body, the end and the electrode auxiliary heating system
The power output end connection of lifting gear.
Further technical solution is：The furnace body includes upper furnace body and lower furnace body, the upper furnace body and lower furnace body it
Between be fixedly connected.
Further technical solution is：Be provided with weight sensor on the crucible pole, for measure the crucible with
And in crucible material overall weight.
Further technical solution is：Insulation cover is provided with the upside of the graphite heater and induction coil,
Thermal insulation board is provided with the downside of the graphite heater and induction coil.
Further technical solution is：The combination electrode is vertically arranged, including electrode stem, electrode cores, different gradients
The electrode block and electrode block clamping cylinder of component, one end of the electrode stem are located at outside the furnace body, the end and the compound electric
The power output end connection of pole jacking system, the other end of the electrode stem are located in the furnace body, and the upper end of electrode cores is fixed
At the center of the lower end of the electrode stem, the outside for being set in the electrode cores of the electrode block clamping cylinder, and the electrode
The upper end of block clamping cylinder is fixedly connected with the lower end of the electrode stem, and electrode block is set from top to bottom according to different gradient sequences
In space between the electrode cores and the electrode block clamping cylinder, and electrode cores, electrode block and electrode cores clamping cylinder lead to
Oversintering is fixed together.
Further technical solution is：The electrode auxiliary heating system includes being sheathed on the outside of the combination electrode
Muff, the muff are fixedly connected with the lower end of the mobile bar, close to the interior of the combination electrode on the muff
Several adding thermal resistance placing grooves are provided with cylinder, adding thermal resistance is fixed in the adding thermal resistance placing groove, the heating electricity
Hinder it is electric after produce heat auxiliary heating is carried out to the combination electrode.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material, its feature exists
In including the following steps：
Compound consutrode is prepared, and the compound consutrode is placed into the electrode auxiliary heating system in preparation facilities
In；
Metal material is put into the crucible of lower furnace body, 10 are evacuated to furnace body-3Pa, operation combination electrode jacking system and
Electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear, moves down compound consutrode and electrode auxiliary heating system so that compound consumable
Electrode is filled with protective gas close to the metal material in crucible in furnace body, makes pressure in it to 0.5 × 105Pa；
Electrode auxiliary heating system is worked first, heated for the consumable combination electrode, start combination electrode, then drive institute
Electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear is stated, electrode auxiliary heating system is dropped to and is flushed with the lower end of consumable combination electrode,
The consumable combination electrode is used to be used as consutrode, and consumable combination electrode position is adjusted by combination electrode jacking system after startup
Put so that the arc stability of generation；The fusing of consumable combination electrode is instilled in crucible at a high temperature of electric arc generation, while crucible leads to
Induction coil heating refractory metal is crossed, induction field stirring melt, electric arc not only melts consumable combination electrode, under also melting
Metal material in portion's crucible；
After molten drop is fallen in the melt of lower part, due in molten drop containing original ceramic component that temperature is higher, and molten drop
Temperature is very high, under the action of electromagnetic agitation, rapidly so that original ceramic component spreads over the melt of lower crucible
In；The power and induction heating power of consumable combination electrode are adjusted, under the melt temperature, according to phasor so that original ceramics
Component melt is in thermodynamic equilibrium state in lower crucible；The control criterion of gradient components：According to alloy melt
Directional solidification rates are controlled, and the speed that is declined by crucible controls melt directional solidification rates, realizes to just falling
Melt solidifies as early as possible so that solidification material is within the scope of Composition Control；With dripping for molten drop, crucible constantly rotate and under
Drop, with the progress of solidification and the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system also decline therewith；Crucible pole
It is upper to be furnished with weight system, adjust the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system with the increase of weight
Speed, ensures the stabilization of electric arc；
With the decline of crucible, the gradual directional solidification of melt of heterogeneity becomes gradient composites.
Further technical solution is that the preparation method of consumable combination electrode is as follows：The powder of heterogeneity is distinguished
It is pressed into and forms the electrode block with different gradient components together, is formed and contain metal dust and ceramic powder in the powder of electrode block
End, the refractory metal element that metal dust is included by refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared, the metal
Powder is also used for improving the electrical conductivity and intensity of the electrode block；The electrode block of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder
It is interior, then sintered together by being heat-treated together with the electrode cores in the electrode block clamping cylinder, the electrode cores and electricity
The making material of pole block clamping pipe is identical with the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
Further technical solution is that the preparation method of consumable combination electrode is as follows：
By founding by metal dust together with ceramic powders founding, formed with different gradient components electrode block, formed
Contain metal dust and ceramic powders in the powder of electrode block, metal dust is refractory metal base graded composite material to be prepared
The high-melting-point refractory metal element of material, the metal dust are also used for improving the electrical conductivity and intensity of the electrode block；Will not
Electrode block with gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder, is then passed through with together with the electrode cores in the electrode block clamping cylinder
It is heat-treated sintered together, making material and the refractory metal base to be prepared ladder of the electrode cores and electrode block clamping pipe
The refractory metal element for spending composite material is identical.
It is using beneficial effect caused by above-mentioned technical proposal：Described device and method by different element powders,
Alloy powder or compound powder, electrode block is prepared into according to heterogeneity.Pass through consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting
Combined with directional solidification to prepare metal-based gradient composite material in situ, can effectively improve the gradient gradient composites of preparation
Stability and uniformity.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of described device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Wherein：1st, not molten electrode stem 2, electrode cores 3, electrode block clamping cylinder 4, adding thermal resistance 5, muff 6, crucible 7, graphite heating
Device 8, induction coil 9, melt 10, the functionally gradient material (FGM) 11 solidified, thermal insulation board 12, crucible pole 13, lower furnace body 14, weight sensing
Device 15, upper insulation cover 16, upper furnace body 17, mobile bar 18, electrode block.
Embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only the part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Many details are elaborated in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the present invention, still the present invention can be with
Implemented using other different from other manner described here, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice to intension of the present invention
In the case of do similar popularization, therefore the present invention is from the limitation of following public specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material, bag
Furnace body is included, the furnace body includes upper furnace body 16 and lower furnace body 13, is fixedly connected between the upper furnace body 16 and lower furnace body 13.It is described
Crucible rotation and lifting drive are provided with the outside of lower portion of furnace body, the lower part of the furnace body is located at the furnace body equipped with one end
Outside, the other end is located at the crucible pole 12 in the furnace body, and the crucible pole 12 is located at one end and the crucible rotation outside furnace body
It is connected with the power output end of lifting drive, one end that the crucible pole 12 is located in furnace body is fixedly connected with crucible 6.Institute
The periphery for stating crucible 6 is equipped with graphite heater 7, and the periphery of the graphite heater 7 is provided with induction coil 8, the stove
Combination electrode jacking system and electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear, one end position of combination electrode are provided with the outside of body top
In the outside of the upper end of the furnace body, which is connected with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, the compound electric
The other end of pole is located in the furnace body and the end is located at the surface of the crucible 6.It is provided with the outside of the combination electrode
Electrode auxiliary heating system, one end of the mobile bar 17 are fixedly connected with the electrode auxiliary heating system, the mobile bar
17 other end is extended to outside the furnace body, and the end and the power output end of the electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear connect
Connect.
Weight sensor 14 is provided with the crucible pole 12, for measuring the whole of material in the crucible 6 and crucible
Body weight.The upside of the graphite heater 7 and induction coil 8 is provided with insulation cover 15, the graphite heater 7 and
The downside of induction coil 8 is provided with thermal insulation board 11, can effectively be protected by using the upper insulation cover 15 and thermal insulation board 11
The heat that the induction coil produces is held, the loss of heat is reduced, there is certain energy-saving effect.
The combination electrode is vertically arranged, including not molten electrode stem 1 and compound consutrode, the compound consutrode
Electrode block 18 and electrode block clamping cylinder 3 including electrode cores 2, different gradient components.One end of the electrode stem is positioned at described
Outside furnace body, which is connected with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, and the other end of the electrode stem is positioned at described
In furnace body.The upper end of electrode cores 2 is fixed on the center of the lower end of the electrode stem, and the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 is set in institute
The outside of electrode cores 2 is stated, and the upper end of the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the electrode stem.Electrode block 18
It is arranged at from top to bottom in the space between the electrode cores 2 and the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 according to different gradient sequences, and
Electrode cores 2, electrode block 18 and electrode block clamping cylinder 3 are by being sintered to fix together.A-H represents different gradient components in Fig. 1
Electrode block.
As shown in Figure 1, further, the electrode auxiliary heating system includes being sheathed on the guarantor on the outside of the combination electrode
Temperature set 5, the muff 5 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the mobile bar 17, close to the combination electrode on the muff 5
Several adding thermal resistance placing grooves are provided with inner cylinder, adding thermal resistance 4 is fixed in the adding thermal resistance placing groove, the heating
Resistance 4 it is electric after produce heat auxiliary heating is carried out to the combination electrode.
Contain metal matrix material in each piece of electrode block, it is ensured that electrode block is conductive.By according to gradient composites
Component and the scope of organization link together electrode block, electrode block clamping pipe and electrode cores by heat treatment.Gradient consumable is answered
There is auxiliary heating system around composite electrode, consumable combination electrode can be helped to heat, easy to the material on consumable combination electrode head
Fusing.The electrode auxiliary heating system insulation for directional solidification crucible top at the same time, easy to establish the temperature gradient in melt.
The preparation facilities can be by different element powders, alloy powder or compound powder, according to heterogeneity
It is prepared into electrode block.Combined by consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting and directional solidification to prepare metal-based gradient in situ
Composite material, can effectively improve the stability and uniformity of the gradient gradient composites of preparation.
Corresponding with the preparation facilities, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of refractory metal base graded composite material
The preparation method of material, includes the following steps：
Compound consutrode is prepared, and the compound consutrode is placed into the electrode auxiliary heating system in preparation facilities
In；
The specific preparation method at least the following two kinds of the consumable combination electrode：The first, the powder of heterogeneity is distinguished
It is pressed into and forms the electrode block 18 with different gradient components together, is formed in the powder of electrode block 18 and contain metal dust and pottery
Porcelain powder, the refractory metal element that metal dust is included by refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared are described
Metal dust is also used for improving the electrode block（18）Electrical conductivity and intensity（Think refractory metal base graded composite to be prepared
At least contain a kind of refractory metal in material, and this refractory metal element is contained in all parts of whole material, institute
The element that each electrode block included is not only with it, it can also improve the electrical conductivity and intensity of electrode block 18, and this
It is the reason for selecting this element to be clamped as electrode cores and electrode block）；By the electrode block of different gradient components（18）It is put into electrode
It is then sintered together by being heat-treated together with the electrode cores 2 in the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 in block clamping cylinder 3, the electricity
The high-melting-point gold of the making material of pole piece 2 and electrode block clamping pipe 3 and refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared
It is identical to belong to element.
Second：By founding by metal dust together with ceramic powders founding, formed with different gradient components
Electrode block 18, forms in the powder of electrode block 18 and contains metal dust and ceramic powders, metal dust is high-melting-point to be prepared
The high-melting-point refractory metal element of metal-based gradient composite material, the metal dust are also used for improving the electrode block 18
Electrical conductivity and intensity；The electrode block 18 of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder 3, is then clamped with the electrode block
Electrode cores 2 in cylinder 3 are sintered together by being heat-treated together, the making material of the electrode cores 2 and electrode block clamping pipe 3
It is identical with the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
Further, the metal material in the electrode block 18, the making material of electrode cores 2 and electrode block clamping pipe 3
Making material be high melting point metal materials.The width of the muff of electrode auxiliary heating system is the 90%- of the width of crucible
95%, electrode auxiliary heating system not only can be with melting consumable combination electrode, while gives crucible heat supply, moreover it is possible to realizes and is used to orient
The insulation on solidification crucible top, therefore easy to establish the temperature gradient in melt.If crucible is ceramic crucible, electrode auxiliary heating
The materials such as graphite felt can be selected in system muff.If crucible is the conductive materials such as water jacketed copper crucible, electrode auxiliary heating system
Muff of uniting selects non-conductive thermal insulation material.
Metal material is put into the crucible 6 of lower furnace body, 10 are evacuated to furnace body-3Pa, operation combination electrode lifting system
System and electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear, move down compound consutrode and electrode auxiliary heating system so that compound
Consutrode is filled with protective gas close to the metal material in crucible 6 in furnace body, make pressure in it to 0.5 ×
105Pa；
Electrode auxiliary heating system is worked first, heated for the consumable combination electrode, start combination electrode, then drive institute
Electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear is stated, electrode auxiliary heating system is dropped to and is flushed with the lower end of consumable combination electrode,
The consumable combination electrode is used to be used as consutrode, and consumable combination electrode position is adjusted by combination electrode jacking system after startup
Put so that the arc stability of generation；The fusing of consumable combination electrode is instilled in crucible 6 at a high temperature of electric arc generation, while crucible 6
Refractory metal, induction field stirring melt are heated by induction coil 8, electric arc not only melts consumable combination electrode, also molten
Change the metal material in lower crucible 6；
After molten drop is fallen in the melt of lower part, due in molten drop containing original ceramic component that temperature is higher, and molten drop
Temperature is very high, under the action of electromagnetic agitation, rapidly so that original ceramic component spreads over the melt of lower crucible 6
In；The power and induction heating power of consumable combination electrode are adjusted, under the melt temperature, according to phasor so that original ceramics
Component melt is in thermodynamic equilibrium state in lower crucible 6；The control criterion of gradient components：According to alloy melt
Directional solidification rates are controlled, and the speed declined by crucible 6 controls melt directional solidification rates, realizes to just falling
Melt solidifies as early as possible so that solidification material is within the scope of Composition Control；With dripping for molten drop, crucible 6 constantly rotation and
Decline, with the progress of solidification and the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system also decline therewith；Crucible
It is furnished with weight system on bar, is adjusted with the increase of weight under crucible 6, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system
Reduction of speed rate, ensures the stabilization of electric arc；
With the decline of crucible 6, the gradual directional solidification of melt of heterogeneity becomes gradient composites.
Different element powders, alloy powder or compound powder are prepared into electricity by the method according to heterogeneity
Pole block.Combined by consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting and directional solidification to prepare metal-based gradient composite material in situ,
The stability and uniformity of the gradient gradient composites of preparation can effectively be improved.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material, it is characterised in that：Including furnace body, the lower portion of furnace body Outside be provided with crucible rotation and lifting drive, the lower part of the furnace body is located at outside the furnace body equipped with one end, another Crucible pole of the end in the furnace body（12）, the crucible pole（12）One end outside furnace body is with the crucible rotation with rising The power output end connection of driving device, the crucible pole drop（12）One end and crucible in furnace body（6）It is fixedly connected, institute State crucible（6）Periphery be equipped with graphite heater（7）, the graphite heater（7）Periphery be provided with induction coil （8）, combination electrode jacking system and electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear, compound electric are provided with the outside of the upper of furnace body One end of pole is located at the outside of the upper end of the furnace body, which is connected with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, The other end of the combination electrode is located in the furnace body and the end is located at the crucible（6）Surface, the combination electrode Outside be provided with electrode auxiliary heating system, the mobile bar（17）One end and the electrode auxiliary heating system fix and connect Connect, the mobile bar（17）The other end extend to outside the furnace body, the end and the electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear Power output end connection.
- 2. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The furnace body Including upper furnace body（16）And lower furnace body（13）, the upper furnace body（16）With lower furnace body（13）Between be fixedly connected.
- 3. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The crucible Bar（12）On be provided with weight sensor（14）, for measuring the crucible（7）And in crucible material overall weight.
- 4. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The graphite Heater（7）And induction coil（8）Upside be provided with insulation cover（15）, the graphite heater（7）And the line of induction Circle（8）Downside be provided with thermal insulation board（11）.
- 5. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described compound Electrode is vertically arranged, including does not melt electrode stem（1）And compound consutrode, the compound consutrode include electrode cores（2）、 The electrode block of different gradient components（18）And electrode block clamping cylinder（3）, one end of the electrode stem is located at outside the furnace body, is somebody's turn to do End is connected with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, and the other end of the electrode stem is located in the furnace body, electricity Pole piece（2）Upper end be fixed on the electrode stem lower end center, the electrode block clamping cylinder（3）Be set in the electrode Core（2）Outside, and the electrode block clamping cylinder（3）Upper end be fixedly connected with the lower end of the electrode stem, electrode block（18） The electrode cores are arranged at from top to bottom according to different gradient sequences（2）With the electrode block clamping cylinder（3）Between space It is interior, and electrode cores（2）, electrode block（18）And electrode block clamping cylinder（3）By being sintered to fix together.
- 6. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electrode Auxiliary heating system includes being sheathed on the muff on the outside of the combination electrode（5）, the muff（5）With the mobile bar （17）Lower end be fixedly connected, the muff（5）It is upper that several heating electricity are provided with the inner cylinder of the combination electrode Hinder placing groove, adding thermal resistance（4）It is fixed in the adding thermal resistance placing groove, the adding thermal resistance（4）It is electric after produce heat Auxiliary heating is carried out to the combination electrode.
- 7. a kind of preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material, it is characterised in that include the following steps：Compound consutrode is prepared, and the compound consutrode is placed into the electrode auxiliary heating system in preparation facilities In；Metal material is put into the crucible of lower furnace body（6）It is interior, 10 are evacuated to furnace body-3Pa, operates combination electrode jacking system With electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear, move down compound consutrode and electrode auxiliary heating system so that it is compound from Power pole is close to crucible（6）Interior metal material, is filled with protective gas in furnace body, make pressure in it to 0.5 × 105Pa；Electrode auxiliary heating system is worked first, heated for the consumable combination electrode, start combination electrode, then drive institute Electrode auxiliary heating system lifting gear is stated, electrode auxiliary heating system is dropped to and is flushed with the lower end of consumable combination electrode, The consumable combination electrode is used to be used as consutrode, and consumable combination electrode position is adjusted by combination electrode jacking system after startup Put so that the arc stability of generation；The fusing of consumable combination electrode instills crucible at a high temperature of electric arc generation（6）It is interior, while earthenware Crucible（6）Pass through induction coil（8）Refractory metal, induction field stirring melt are heated, electric arc not only melts consumable compound electric Pole, also melts lower crucible（6）Interior metal material；After molten drop is fallen in the melt of lower part, due in molten drop containing original ceramic component that temperature is higher, and molten drop Temperature is very high, under the action of electromagnetic agitation, rapidly so that original ceramic component spreads over lower crucible（6）It is molten In body；The power and induction heating power of consumable combination electrode are adjusted, under the melt temperature, according to phasor so that original pottery Porcelain component melt is in lower crucible（6）In be in thermodynamic equilibrium state；The control criterion of gradient components：Melted according to alloy The directional solidification rates of body are controlled, and pass through crucible（6）The speed of decline controls melt directional solidification rates, realizes pair Just fall melt to solidify as early as possible so that solidification material is within the scope of Composition Control；With dripping for molten drop, crucible（6）Constantly Rotation and decline, with the progress of solidification and the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system are also therewith Decline；It is furnished with weight system on crucible pole, crucible is adjusted with the increase of weight（6）, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary The fall off rate of heating system, ensures the stabilization of electric arc；With crucible（6）Decline, the gradual directional solidification of melt of heterogeneity becomes gradient composites.
- 8. the preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that consumable is compound The preparation method of electrode is as follows：The powder of heterogeneity is pressed into respectively and forms the electrode block with different gradient components together （18）, form electrode block（18）Powder in contain metal dust and ceramic powders, metal dust is high-melting-point to be prepared gold Belong to the refractory metal element that base gradient composite material is included, the metal dust is also used for improving the electrode block（18）'s Electrical conductivity and intensity；By the electrode block of different gradient components（18）It is put into electrode block clamping cylinder（3）It is interior, then with the electrode block Clamping cylinder（3）Interior electrode cores（2）It is sintered together by being heat-treated together, the electrode cores（2）And electrode block clamping pipe （3）Making material it is identical with the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
- 9. the preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that consumable is compound The preparation method of electrode is as follows：By founding by metal dust together with ceramic powders founding, formed with different gradient components electrode block（18）, Form electrode block（18）Powder in contain metal dust and ceramic powders, metal dust is refractory metal base to be prepared ladder The high-melting-point refractory metal element of composite material is spent, the metal dust is also used for improving the electrode block（18）Electrical conductivity And intensity；By the electrode block of different gradient components（18）It is put into electrode block clamping cylinder（3）It is interior, then with the electrode block clamping cylinder （3）Interior electrode cores（2）It is sintered together by being heat-treated together, the electrode cores（2）And electrode block clamping pipe（3）System It is identical with the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared to make material.
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| CN110184627A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-30 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of orientation magnetic conduction cathode steel bar used for aluminium electrolysis |
| CN111101012A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of closed-cell gradient foam material |
| CN111531151A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-14 | 燕山大学 | Device for assisting non-circular gear casting by using pulse current and process method thereof |
| CN111595149A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-28 | 漯河久铖智能装备有限公司 | Intelligent circulating type vacuum pressure sintering furnace and method |
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