CN103056344A - Method for controlling electroslag melting casting by added transient magnetic field and electroslag smelting casting device - Google Patents
Method for controlling electroslag melting casting by added transient magnetic field and electroslag smelting casting device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling electroslag melting casting by an added transient magnetic field. The method includes adding a transient magnetic field to a melting end of an electroslag remelting mother electrode, a liquid slag tank and a metal melting tank so that the transient magnetic field acts on large metal molten drops which are generated by initial melting at the tail end of the electrode and are converging to become big; under joint action of alternating lorentz force and pressure waves generated by the transient magnetic field, dispersing the metal molten drops in a burst manner into small metal molten drop groups, and randomly dispersing the small metal molten drop groups into the liquid slag tank to sufficiently contact with liquid slag after passing the liquid slag tank; after washing, enabling included foreign substances and impurities in the small metal molten drops to enter the liquid slag quickly, slowly settling and converging the foreign substances and impurities into the metal melting tank below the liquid slag tank, and finally crystallizing and solidifying to form solidified cast ingots. The invention further provides an electroslag melting casting device. By adding the transient magnetic field during electroslag melting casting and fining the molten drops by the aid of unique electromagnetic effect of the transient magnetic field, the purposes of improving refining efficiency, fining crystalline grains and reducing segregation of cast ingots are achieved, and industrial application value is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special steel electroslag metallurgy technique and device, the method and the electroslag molten casting device that particularly relate to a kind of electroslag smelting casting, in ESR Process, improve refining effect by applying transient magnetic field fining metal molten drop, thinning solidification structure reduces method and the device of ingotism, is suitable for the production of various electroslag products such as high temperature alloy and Precise Alloy.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the hydrogen that exists in the alloy, nitrogen, carbon and non-metallic inclusion will destroy the continuity of matrix, become the micro-crack source, and the crackle diffusion causes the foundry goods fracture under high stress, thus the service life of greatly reducing material.Electroslag smelting casting can obtain high purity, even tissue densification and the few solidified structure of macro defect as a kind of efficiency refining high means by its double refining.Its principle is utilize to smelt resistance heat that electric current produces by slag with comsumable melt, and molten drop passes slag blanket and enters metal bath, is frozen into ingot casting in special-shaped water mold.Because metal bath fully contacts with slag liquid, the field trash up to 90% can fully be removed.Wherein, the molten drop size of electrode end is most important to removal efficiency of the inclusion, and molten drop is less, and slag gold contact gear ratio surface area is larger, and it is longer that molten drop passes time of slag bath, and field trash more easily is adsorbed removal.But how in the situation that guarantee effectively refinement molten drop of electroslag parameter constant, still there is not at present good application process.In addition, the ESR ingot solidified structure is thick column crystal, has a large amount of segregations on interdendritic and the column crystal boundary, and particularly during the large-scale high-alloy casting of founding, because foundry goods each several part cooling velocity is different, component segregation is even more serious, even gross segregation occurs.Dendritic segregation generally can make segregation element fully spread the purpose that reaches homogenising by annealing; The cyrystal boundary segregation that the alloy performance hazards is larger then can not be eliminated by simple heat treatment, must be suppressed by the control of harmful non-metallic inclusions such as grain refinement, oxide and sulfide.Therefore, optimize the slag-metal reaction condition, the Refining effect, the crystal grain thinning that further improve electroslag smelting casting are the two large Key technique problems that electroslag casting process need solve to reduce ingotism.
Be refinement ESR ingot solidified structure and control segregation, developed at present the technology such as the compound electroslag remelting of ultrasonic wave, the compound electroslag remelting of rotating excitation field, the female electrode of rotation, slag bath heating, the compound electroslag remelting of magnetostatic field, all the Shortcomings part.In slag bath and metal bath, decay terribly such as ultrasonic wave, and itself have directionality, its application that ultrasonic power such as has been restricted at the effects limit; Applying rotating magnetic field can drive slag liquid and metal bath rotation, be expected to smash dendrite, but this will bring the great risk of slag; Rotate female electrode and also can make the slag bath equalizing temperature, but can bring equally this harm of slag; And the slag bath heating technique is keeping the slag bath temperature evenly unique advantage to be arranged aspect the distribution, thereby can obtain more shallow flat metal bath, be conducive to form paraxial arborescent structure to growth, to reducing ingotism positive role arranged, but not remarkable on crystal grain thinning and the impact of raising refining efficiency; The compound electroslag remelting technique of magnetostatic field is all having certain effect aspect raising electroslag remelting refining efficiency and the crystal grain thinning, but because the magnetostatic field energy density is lower, and having directionality, its effect of strengthening refining efficiency and crystal grain thinning is still limited.This shows that the molten drop in the refinement ESR Process and solidified structure still lack effective means at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the prior art problem, the object of the invention is to overcome the defective that prior art exists, a kind of method and electroslag molten casting device that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting is provided, in ESR Process, apply transient magnetic field, reach the refinement molten drop by its unique electromagnetic force effect and improve refining efficiency, crystal grain thinning, reduce ingotism technological invention purpose, realize the industry using value.
Create purpose for reaching foregoing invention, design of the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of method and electroslag molten casting device that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting, its principle is that the transient magnetic field with appropriate frequency is applied to around the crystallizer of traditional electroslag remelting, keeps the transient magnetic field coil to be in the position that overlaps with female electrode melting end, liquid slag bath, metal bath simultaneously.Because electromagnetic induction principle, transient magnetic field will produce powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave in electrode end molten drop, liquid slag bath and metal bath.This alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave compound action will make molten drop be the explosion formula and disperse in the molten drop of electrode end, hang over electrode end and converge large the very tiny molten drop group of molten drop division formation who grows up.The refinement of molten drop diameter, increased molten drop specific area, shortened the migration distance at field trash and the impurity gold interface from the molten drop center to slag, prolonged simultaneously the sedimentation time of molten drop in slag bath, therefore highly beneficial to removing non metallic inclusion in droplet and impurity element.In addition, when alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave acting in conjunction in slag bath and metal bath, will in slag bath and metal bath, produce on the one hand microcell mobile, make both Temperature Distribution more even, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface, thereby help to obtain interior condition of giving birth to growth; On the other hand, powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave can also be smashed the dendrite of growing in the forward position, interface, promote simultaneously the nucleus on crystallizer wall surface to come off, and form the nucleus multiplication effect; In addition, the pressure wave that transient magnetic field produces can also promote the spontaneous nucleation in the metal bath, increases nucleation rate.The comprehensive effect that above-mentioned these transient magnetic fields bring directly causes applying the dendrite that transient magnetic field can the refinement ESR ingot, even obtains equiaxed grain structure.In addition, transient magnetic field also will produce constriction power (Pinch Force) effect in liquid metal bath, be about to metal bath and push away crystallizer wall, form soft contact conditions, and this will improve the surface quality of ESR ingot greatly.
According to above inventive concept, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting, the female electrode melting of corresponding electroslag remelting is terminal, liquid slag bath and metal bath position apply transient magnetic field, make transient magnetic field act on electrode end and initially melt large the metal drop that converging of generation grown up, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave, making metal drop be the explosion formula disperses, resolve into tiny metal drop group, tiny metal drop spills in the slag bath at random, then pass slag bath through fully contacting with slag liquid, after the washing, make field trash and impurity in the tiny metal drop enter fast in the melt cinder, slowly the metal bath that incorporates the slag bath below is converged in sedimentation again, last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top under the Forced water cooling of the crystallizer outside and bottom, ingot casting is solidified in formation.
The magnetic induction intensity of above-mentioned transient magnetic field is between 0.1 ~ 10T; Transient magnetic field is produced by the magnetic field induction coil, and the transient current frequency of exporting to the magnetic field induction coil is 0.1 ~ 15000Hz, and transient voltage is 50 ~ 2000V, and dutycycle is 0 ~ 100%; The waveform of transient current is sine wave, rectangular wave, sawtooth waveforms, triangular wave, peaked wave or staircase waveform.
The melting electric current of above-mentioned electroslag smelting casting is preferably provided by dc source or AC power, and the melting voltage of electroslag smelting casting is 10 ~ 200V, and the melting electric current is at 100 ~ 20000A, frequency 0.01 ~ 2000Hz.
Above-mentioned esr process is started by the solid slag striking or is directly started by liquid slag.
The female electrode of above-mentioned electroslag remelting is single electrode or multi-electrode, or is small bore, or is the heavy in section electrode; The prepared ingot casting that solidifies is circular ingot casting, square ingot casting, template ingot casting or special-shaped ingot casting.
The material of the female electrode of above-mentioned electroslag remelting is ferrous metal and alloy, nonferrous metal and alloy, high temperature alloy or Precise Alloy.
The prepared above-mentioned solidified structure that solidifies ingot casting is that congruent axialite tissue, the direction of growth are that axial refinement arborescent structure or the direction of growth is axial refinement columanar structure.
In order to realize that the present invention adds the method for transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting, a kind of electroslag molten casting device also is provided, be combined into by electroslag remelting device and die casting device, comprise metal consumable electrode, cable, melting power supply, crystallizer, hearth electrode plate, crystallizer water collar, hearth electrode cooling device.The liquid slag liquid level is in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer, form the melting slag bath, the formation ingot casting is solidified in the bottom of the metal bath below the melting slag bath, the upper surface of hearth electrode plate is directly lifted the ingot casting bottom, metal consumable electrode and hearth electrode plate all are connected respectively on the melting power supply by cable, the bottom of metal consumable electrode and melting slag bath are in contact with one another, make metal consumable electrode, the melting slag bath, metal bath, molten metal core in the ingot casting, ingot casting and hearth electrode plate are communicated with the path that forms alternating current successively, the crystallizer water collar directly cools off the sidewall of crystallizer, the hearth electrode cooling device cools off the hearth electrode plate, it is characterized in that: the magnetic field generating apparatus that can apply transient magnetic field is set in the periphery of crystallizer, the magnetic field generating apparatus comprises the transient magnetic field coil, transient current generation power supply and winding ascend platform, transient current generation power supply is to transient magnetic field coil output transient current, the noncontact of transient magnetic field coil also is looped around the outside of crystallizer, corresponding metal consumable electrode fusing is terminal, melting slag bath and metal bath position apply transient magnetic field, make transient magnetic field act on electrode end and initially melt large the metal drop that converging of generation grown up, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave, making metal drop be the explosion formula disperses, resolve into tiny metal drop group, tiny metal drop spills in the melting slag bath at random, then pass the melting slag bath through fully contacting with slag liquid, after the washing, field trash and impurity in the tiny metal drop are entered in the melting slag bath fast, slowly the metal bath that incorporates melting slag bath below is converged in sedimentation again, at last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top under the crystallizer water collar in the crystallizer outside and the Forced water cooling at the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate bottom forms the ingot casting that solidifies;
Simultaneously, because the effect of transient magnetic field, make in melting slag bath and the metal bath and generate induced-current, the magnetic line of force that induced-current and transient magnetic field coil produce interacts, produce overall centripetal Lorentz force, Lorentz force applies constriction power to metal bath, make the slag liquid of melting slag bath enter into the internal layer copper pipe of crystallizer and the ingot casting that solidifies between, form liquid lubricating layer;
Simultaneously, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave, smash the dendrite of growing in forward position, solidification of metal melt interface, form a large amount of nucleus;
The transient magnetic field coil is fixedly connected with the lifting displacement mechanism of winding ascend platform, in whole ESR Process, the drive coil hoistable platform, along with constantly rising in the melting slag bath in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer and the molten bath of metal bath, make winding ascend platform traction transient magnetic field coil thereupon together constant speed rise interval coincidence of composition of, melting slag bath terminal with the fusing of metal consumable electrode between field regions that the transient magnetic field coil produces to guarantee and metal bath.
Above-mentioned transient magnetic field coil preferably is arranged on the crystallizer water collar outside in the crystallizer outside, or is arranged on especially the inside of crystallizer water collar.
The present invention adds the operation of the method for transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting:
Consutrode is inserted the slag charge that places in the copper water mold, crystallizer is arranged with water cooled coil outward to produce transient magnetic field, carry out remelting, refining and solidify under this transient magnetic field effect, package unit is called the device that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting.The voltage of transient current generation power supply can be in 50 ~ 2000V range, and the transient current frequency is in 0.1 ~ 15000Hz range, and the transient current dutycycle is 0 ~ 100%, and the magnetic induction intensity of the transient magnetic field of generation is adjustable in 0.1 ~ 10T scope.Crystallizer periphery at traditional electroslag remelting equipment arranges one or more groups coil, passes into transient current in coil, can produce transient magnetic field in the crystallizer of coil windings interior zone.After in water mold, putting into a certain amount of slag charge, consutrode is inserted a certain degree of depth in the slag.Open the melting power supply, control melting voltage is 10 ~ 200V, and the melting electric current is at 100 ~ 20000A, frequency 0.01 ~ 2000Hz, and this moment, electrifying electrodes began to heat up.Open transient current generation power supply, guarantee that electrode end, slag bath and metal bath all are in the transient magnetic field coil, regulation voltage 50 ~ 2000V, power frequency 0.1 ~ 15000Hz, control magnetic induction intensity is at 0.1 ~ 10T.When the slag liquid temp was higher than the electrode fusing point, electrode end began successively to melt, and converged endways the formation molten drop of growing up.Under the transient magnetic field effect, molten drop produces the explosion formula to be disperseed, and is split into many more tiny molten drops and spills in the slag bath at random.Pass in the process of slag bath at molten drop, the non-metallic inclusion in the tiny metal drop and impurity element will have that more multimachine can be by the slag Adsorption.The slow sedimentation of tiny molten drop after wash heat, until converge the metal bath that incorporates slag bath below, last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top under the Forced water cooling of the crystallizer outside and bottom.Because metal bath is in the transient magnetic field zone of action equally, transient magnetic field can produce powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave at metal bath and solid liquid interface forward position equally, and then smash solidification front dendrite, and the crystal grain of corrode crystallizer wall forms more free nucleus, reaches the nucleus multiplication effect; Simultaneously, the pressure wave that transient magnetic field produces promotes the spontaneous nucleation in the metal bath, greatly improves its nucleation rate; And the transient magnetic field of appropriate frequency also will produce microcell and flow in slag bath and metal bath, make the Temperature Distribution in slag bath and the metal bath more even, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface, thereby may realize the interior growth of giving birth to.All these be because the positive effect that brings of transient magnetic field will cause the grain refinement of ESR ingot, even be expected to obtain equiaxed grain structure.Because in the electroslag remelting process, along with ingot casting crystallization from bottom to top, metal bath and slag bath constantly move up, therefore for guaranteeing that whole Electroslag Process is all carrying out under the transient magnetic field intensity on an equal basis, transient magnetic field coil platform is with moving on the uniform velocity.At last, when electrode melting finishes, close the melting power supply; Wait to solidify when finishing, close transient current generation power supply, after steel ingot cools off fully, go out ingot after closing cooling water system.
Among the present invention, the transient magnetic field coil can be single group or many groups, and magnetic field intensity realizes by regulation voltage and discharge frequency; The waveform of transient current can be sine wave, rectangular wave, sawtooth waveforms, triangular wave, peaked wave, staircase waveform etc.The water-cooled copper coil can be centered around crystallizer stainless steel outer wall, is furnished with simultaneously a hoistable platform, guarantees that electrode melting, refining and crystallization process all carry out under equal magnetic field intensity; Copper tube coil also can be enclosed within the crystallizer copper pipe periphery, namely places the crystallizer water collar inner, and this moment is owing to only having 1 layer of copper wall between coil and the crystallizer, thereby can reduce the magnetic energy loss that caused by the magnetic field kelvin effect.Electroslag smelting casting melting power supply can adopt direct current or alternating current, also can be provided by the voltage regulation and frequency modulation AC power.Electroslag Process can be started by the solid slag striking, also can directly be started by liquid slag.Add transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting and realize that the thin brilliant device of refining is applicable to the electroslag furnace of various models, comprises single electrode and multi-electrode, small bore and heavy in section electrode.ESR ingot can be circular ingot casting, also can be square or the template ingot casting, can also be special-shaped ingot casting, need only guarantee that coil can hold the transient magnetic field that the crystallizer size also can provide some strength.This device can be used for the thin brilliant various ESR ingot products of refining, and all can be used for other alloys of electroslag refining to comprise the ferrous metal such as iron and steel and titanium alloy, high temperature alloy and Precise Alloy, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy etc.
The present invention has following apparent outstanding substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage compared with prior art:
1. work as transient magnetic field and act on the electrode end molten drop, the alternation Lorentz force of generation and pressure wave compound action make molten drop be the explosion formula and disperse, and split into very tiny molten drop group.The refinement of molten drop diameter, increase the specific area of molten drop, shortened field trash in the molten drop and migration impurity to the distance at the golden interface of slag, prolonged the sedimentation time of molten drop in slag bath, be conducive to remove non metallic inclusion in droplet and impurity element, improve refining efficiency;
2. work as transient magnetic field and act on liquid slag bath and metal bath, will in slag bath and metal bath, produce on the one hand microcell and flow, make both Temperature Distribution more even, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface, thereby help to obtain the interior condition of growing of giving birth to; On the other hand, powerful alternation Lorentz force and pressure wave can also be smashed the dendrite of growing in the forward position, interface, promote simultaneously the nucleus on crystallizer wall surface to come off, and form the nucleus multiplication effect; The pressure wave that transient magnetic field produces can also promote the spontaneous nucleation in the metal bath, increases nucleation rate.The comprehensive effect that above-mentioned these transient magnetic fields bring directly causes applying the greatly dendrite of refinement ESR ingot of transient magnetic field, even obtains equiaxed grain structure;
3. transient magnetic field also will produce the constriction stress effect in liquid metal bath, and metal bath is pushed away crystallizer wall, form soft contact conditions, suitably increase the melt cinder film thickness, thereby improve the surface quality of ESR ingot; The increase of melt cinder mould thickness can also reduce radially heat radiation, forms more good axial heat conduction condition, suppresses the radially growth of dendrite, even obtains the tissue that dendrite is axial growth;
4. transient magnetic field increases the molten drop degree of superheat, is conducive to mass transfer and convection current in the molten drop;
5. the thin brilliant degree of solidified structure is relevant with magnetic field, and magnetic field intensity is larger, and ingot structure is thinner, and gross segregation is less.Simultaneously, utilize the resonance motion of metal bath, can under lower pulse power frequency, obtain well thin brilliant effect, reduce energy consumption;
6. the not direct contacting metal melt of transient magnetic field is pollution-free;
7. the present invention can significantly improve the removal efficient of non-metallic inclusion in the electroslag remelting process and impurity element, optimizes refining effect; Refinement ESR ingot solidified structure obtains that surface quality is good, macro defect is few, the metal material of homogeneous chemical composition, mechanical property excellence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the invention one electroslag molten casting device structural representation.
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the invention one transient magnetic field is to the thin brilliant action principle figure of metal bath.
The specific embodiment
Details are as follows for the preferred embodiments of the present invention:
Embodiment one:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, realize that the present invention adds the electroslag molten casting device of the method for transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting, be combined into by electroslag remelting device and die casting device, comprise metal consumable electrode 1, cable 2, melting power supply 9, crystallizer 13, hearth electrode plate 6, crystallizer water collar 8, hearth electrode cooling device.The liquid slag liquid level is in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer 13, form melting slag bath 3, the bottom of the metal bath 4 below melting slag bath 3 is solidified and is formed ingot casting 5, the upper surface of hearth electrode plate 6 is directly lifted ingot casting 5 bottoms, metal consumable electrode 1 and hearth electrode plate 6 all are connected respectively on the melting power supply 9 by cable 2, the bottom of metal consumable electrode 1 and melting slag bath 3 are in contact with one another, make metal consumable electrode 1, melting slag bath 3, metal bath 4, molten metal core in the ingot casting 5, ingot casting 5 and hearth electrode plate 6 are communicated with the path that forms alternating current successively, crystallizer water collar 8 directly cools off the sidewall of crystallizer 13, the hearth electrode cooling device cools off hearth electrode plate 6, it is characterized in that: the magnetic field generating apparatus that can apply transient magnetic field is set in the periphery of crystallizer 13, and the magnetic field generating apparatus comprises transient magnetic field coil 10, transient current generation power supply 11 and winding ascend platform 12.Transient current generation power supply 11 is to transient magnetic field coil 10 output transient currents 18,10 noncontacts of transient magnetic field coil also are looped around the outside of crystallizer 13, corresponding metal consumable electrode 1 fusing is terminal, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 positions apply transient magnetic field, make transient magnetic field act on electrode end and initially melt large the metal drop 7 that converging of generation grown up, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force 14 that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave 15, making metal drop 7 be the explosion formula disperses, resolve into tiny metal drop group, tiny metal drop spills in the melting slag bath 3 at random, then pass melting slag bath 3 through fully contacting with slag liquid, after the washing, field trash and impurity in the tiny metal drop are entered in the melting slag bath 3 fast, slowly the metal bath 4 that incorporates melting slag bath 3 belows is converged in sedimentation again, at last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top under the crystallizer water collar 8 in crystallizer 13 outsides and the Forced water cooling at the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate 6 bottoms forms the ingot casting 5 that solidifies;
Simultaneously, because the effect of transient magnetic field, make in melting slag bath 3 and the metal bath 4 and generate induced-current 19, the magnetic line of force 17 that induced-current 19 and transient magnetic field coil 10 produce interacts, produce overall centripetal Lorentz force 14,14 pairs of metal baths 4 of Lorentz force apply constriction power, make the slag liquid of melting slag bath 3 enter into the internal layer copper pipe of crystallizer 13 and the ingot casting 5 that solidifies between, form liquid lubricating layer;
Simultaneously, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force 14 that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave 15, smash the dendrite of growing in forward position, metal bath 4 freezing interface, form a large amount of nucleus 16;
Transient magnetic field coil 10 is fixedly connected with the lifting displacement mechanism of winding ascend platform 12, in whole ESR Process, drive coil hoistable platform 12, along with constantly rising in the melting slag bath 3 in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of crystallizer 13 and the molten bath of metal bath 4, make winding ascend platform 12 traction transient magnetic field coils 10 thereupon together constant speed rise interval coincidence of composition of, melting slag bath 3 terminal with the fusing of metal consumable electrode 1 between field regions that transient magnetic field coil 10 produces to guarantee and metal bath 4.
In the present embodiment, transient magnetic field coil 10 is arranged on crystallizer water collar 8 outsides in crystallizer 13 outsides, or is arranged on the inside of crystallizer water collar 8.
In the present embodiment, adopt the GCr15 bearing steel as the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting and the embodiment special steel of device, the GCr15 bearing steel is cast as Φ 300mm, the consutrode of length 2000mm, and before electroslag remelting, remove surperficial oxide skin.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the transient magnetic field coil 10 of electroslag molten casting device is placed on the winding ascend platform 12, and be looped around the stainless steel outer exterior wall of crystallizer 13, have good insulation between transient magnetic field coil 10 and the crystallizer 13 and can move freely, guarantee that simultaneously fusing, refining and the process of setting of electroslag remelting are all in the effective magnetic field active region.
Metal consumable electrode 1 and hearth electrode plate 6 are received respectively melting power supply 9 the two poles of the earth, with 3200g slag liquid (CaF
270%+Al
2O
330%) pour in the crystallizer 13, the endoporus bore of crystallizer 13 is 500mm, highly is 1200mm.Adopt solid slag striking method to start, in the melting slag bath 3 in the internal layer crystallizer copper pipe of metal consumable electrode 1 insertion crystallizer 13, pass into cooling water for crystallizer water collar 8.Melting power supply 9 adopts the power frequency alternating current, and the adjusting input current is 5000A.Electric current enters melting slag bath 3 by metal consumable electrode 1 and produces a large amount of Joule heats, and when treating that electrode end slag liquid temp reaches metal consumable electrode 1 fusing point, the end of metal consumable electrode 1 begins successively to melt.Regulate transient current generation power supply 11, pass into transient current 18 in the transient magnetic field coil, so that voltage peak is 1000V, the frequency of transient current 18 is 50Hz, and making the peak magnetic induction intensity in the transient magnetic field coil 10 is 2T, and the magnetic line of force is axial direction.Under the transient magnetic field effect, molten metal molten drop 7 becomes a large amount of tiny molten drops with explosion, through fully contacting, wash with slag liquid, make field trash and impurity in the molten drop enter fast in the melt cinder, then tiny molten drop passes the molten bath that melting slag bath 3 imports metal bath 4, forces to become the ingot casting 5 that solidifies under the cooling effect at the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate 6.Same effect owing to transient magnetic field, melting slag bath 3 and metal bath 4 will generate induced-current 19, and the magnetic line of force 17 effects that this induced-current 19 and transient magnetic field coil 10 produce produce overall centripetal Lorentz force 14.This Lorentz force 14 can form the constriction stress effects to metal bath 4, makes slag liquid enter into the internal layer crystallizer copper pipe of crystallizer 13 and solidifies between the ingot 5 of casting, forms lubricating effect, thereby improves the surface quality of ingot casting 5.And powerful Lorentz force 14 also will form Lorentz force pressure wave 15, form local micro flow, make the temperature in melting slag bath 3 and the metal bath 4 more even, thermograde slows down, the dendrite tip in the forward position, freezing interface between metal bath 4 and the ingot casting 5 is shattered, and forms the nucleus multiplication effect.Pressure wave also will promote the raising of nucleation rate simultaneously, form a large amount of nucleus 16 in the forward position, freezing interface, then can promote the arborescent structure that is organized as refinement of ingot casting 5, even be congruent axialite tissue.Constantly rise at whole crystallizer 13 interior melting slag baths 3 and metal bath 4, winding ascend platform 12 is together constant speed rising thereupon, to form interval the coincidence with melting end, melting slag bath 3 and the metal bath 4 of metal consumable electrode 1 between the field regions of guaranteeing 10 generations of transient magnetic field coil.When Electroslag Process finishes, close melting power supply 9; Wait to solidify when finishing, close transient current generation power supply 11.Ingot casting 5 is closed crystallizer water collar 8 cooling water systems after cooling off fully, takes out ingot casting 5 from crystallizer 13, can obtain the bearing steel ESR ingot of high cleanliness, grain refinement.
In the present embodiment, in the crystallizer periphery of traditional electroslag remelting device one or more groups coil is set, in coil, passes into transient current, can produce transient magnetic field at crystallizer 13 intra-zones.Transient magnetic field acts on metal drop 7, and under alternation Lorentz force 14 and pressure wave 15 compound actions, molten drop explosion formula is separated into tiny molten drop group, thereby strengthens the slag gold reaction condition of non-metallic inclusion and impurity element, improves refining efficiency.Alternation Lorentz force 14 and pressure wave 15 actings in conjunction produce microcell and flow in slag bath and metal bath, reduce the thermograde in forward position, freezing interface; Smash simultaneously the dendrite of growing in the solid liquid interface forward position, promote the nucleus on crystallizer wall surface to come off, form the nucleus multiplication effect; In addition, pressure wave 15 also promotes the spontaneous nucleation in the metal bath, increases nucleation rate.The comprehensive effect that all these transient magnetic fields bring is the dendrite of refinement ESR ingot greatly, even obtain equiaxed grain structure.This invention has the advantages such as technique is simple, pollution-free, purification efficiency is high, thin crystalline substance is effective, is applicable to the thin brilliant various ESR ingot products of refining.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment and embodiment one are basic identical, and special feature is:
In the present embodiment, transient magnetic field coil 10 is arranged on the inside of crystallizer water collar 8, can form the water cooled coil of effective cooling directly to 10 coolings of transient magnetic field coil, is convenient to the effective magnetic field of stable output.
The above is illustrated the embodiment of the invention by reference to the accompanying drawings; but the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment; can also make multiple variation according to the purpose of innovation and creation of the present invention; all according to technical solution of the present invention Spirit Essence and principle under make change, modification, substitute, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence; as long as goal of the invention according to the invention; only otherwise deviating from the present invention adds the method for transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting and know-why and the inventive concept of electroslag molten casting device, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. one kind adds the method that transient magnetic field is controlled electroslag smelting casting, it is characterized in that: the female electrode melting of corresponding electroslag remelting is terminal, liquid slag bath and metal bath position apply transient magnetic field, make transient magnetic field act on electrode end and initially melt large the metal drop that converging of generation grown up, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave, making metal drop be the explosion formula disperses, resolve into tiny metal drop group, tiny metal drop spills in the slag bath at random, then pass slag bath through fully contacting with slag liquid, after the washing, make field trash and impurity in the tiny metal drop enter fast in the melt cinder, slowly the metal bath that incorporates the slag bath below is converged in sedimentation again, last crystallization and freezing from bottom to top under the Forced water cooling of the crystallizer outside and bottom, ingot casting is solidified in formation.
2. the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the magnetic induction intensity of transient magnetic field is at 0.1 ~ 10T; Transient magnetic field is produced by the magnetic field induction coil, and the transient current frequency of exporting to the magnetic field induction coil is 0.1 ~ 15000Hz, and transient voltage is 50 ~ 2000V, and dutycycle is 0 ~ 100%; The waveform of transient current is sine wave, rectangular wave, sawtooth waveforms, triangular wave, peaked wave or staircase waveform.
3. the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the melting electric current of electroslag smelting casting is provided by dc source or AC power, the melting voltage of electroslag smelting casting is 10 ~ 200V, and the melting electric current is at 100 ~ 20000A, frequency 0.01 ~ 2000Hz.
4. the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: esr process is started by the solid slag striking or is directly started by liquid slag.
5. the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the female electrode of slag remelting is single electrode or multi-electrode, or is small bore, or is the heavy in section electrode; The prepared ingot casting that solidifies is circular ingot casting, square ingot casting, template ingot casting or special-shaped ingot casting.
6. the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the material of the female electrode of electroslag remelting is ferrous metal and alloy, nonferrous metal and alloy, high temperature alloy or Precise Alloy.
7. the method that adds transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the prepared solidified structure that solidifies ingot casting is that congruent axialite tissue, the direction of growth are that axial refinement arborescent structure or the direction of growth is axial refinement columanar structure.
8. realize claim 1 or the 2 described electroslag molten casting devices that add the method for transient magnetic field control electroslag smelting casting for one kind, be combined into by electroslag remelting device and die casting device, comprise metal consumable electrode (1), cable (2), melting power supply (9), crystallizer (13), hearth electrode plate (6), crystallizer water collar (8), the hearth electrode cooling device, the liquid slag liquid level is in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of described crystallizer (13), form melting slag bath (3), the bottom of the metal bath (4) below melting slag bath (3) is solidified and is formed ingot casting (5), the upper surface of described hearth electrode plate (6) is directly lifted ingot casting (5) bottom, described metal consumable electrode (1) and described hearth electrode plate (6) all are connected respectively on the described melting power supply (9) by described cable (2), the bottom of described metal consumable electrode (1) and melting slag bath (3) are in contact with one another, make metal consumable electrode (1), melting slag bath (3), metal bath (4), molten metal core in the ingot casting (5), ingot casting (5) and described hearth electrode plate (6) are communicated with the path that forms alternating current successively, described crystallizer water collar (8) directly cools off the sidewall of crystallizer (13), described hearth electrode cooling device cools off described hearth electrode plate (6), it is characterized in that: the magnetic field generating apparatus that can apply transient magnetic field is set in the periphery of described crystallizer (13), described magnetic field generating apparatus comprises transient magnetic field coil (10), transient current generation power supply (11) and winding ascend platform (12), transient current generation power supply (11) is to described transient magnetic field coil (10) output transient current (18), described transient magnetic field coil (10) noncontact also is looped around the outside of described crystallizer (13), corresponding metal consumable electrode (1) fusing is terminal, melting slag bath (3) and metal bath (4) position apply transient magnetic field, make transient magnetic field act on electrode end and initially melt large the metal drop (7) that converging of generation grown up, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force (14) that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave (15), making metal drop (7) be the explosion formula disperses, resolve into tiny metal drop group, tiny metal drop spills in the melting slag bath (3) at random, then pass melting slag bath (3) through fully contacting with slag liquid, after the washing, field trash and impurity in the tiny metal drop are entered in the melting slag bath (3) fast, slowly the metal bath (4) that incorporates melting slag bath (3) below is converged in sedimentation again, crystallization and freezing from bottom to top under the crystallizer water collar (8) in described crystallizer (13) outside and the Forced water cooling at the hearth electrode cooling device of hearth electrode plate (6) bottom forms the ingot casting (5) that solidifies at last;
Simultaneously, because the effect of transient magnetic field, make in melting slag bath (3) and the metal bath (4) and generate induced-current (19), the magnetic line of force (17) that induced-current (19) and described transient magnetic field coil (10) produce interacts, produce overall centripetal Lorentz force (14), Lorentz force (14) applies constriction power to metal bath (4), between the ingot casting (5) that makes the slag liquid of melting slag bath (3) enter into the internal layer copper pipe of described crystallizer (13) and solidify, form liquid lubricating layer;
Simultaneously, under the compound action of alternation Lorentz force (14) that transient magnetic field produces and pressure wave (15), smash the dendrite of growing in metal bath (4) forward position, freezing interface, form a large amount of nucleus (16);
Described transient magnetic field coil (10) is fixedly connected with the lifting displacement mechanism of described winding ascend platform (12), in whole ESR Process, drive described winding ascend platform (12), along with constantly rising in the molten bath of the melting slag bath (3) in the internal layer copper pipe inner chamber of described crystallizer (13) and metal bath (4), make thereupon together constant speed rising of described winding ascend platform (12) the described transient magnetic field coil of traction (10), with terminal with the fusing of described metal consumable electrode (1) between the field regions of guaranteeing described transient magnetic field coil (10) generation, the composition of melting slag bath (3) and metal bath (4) is interval to be overlapped.
9. electroslag molten casting device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described transient magnetic field coil (10) is arranged on described crystallizer water collar (8) outside in described crystallizer (13) outside, or is arranged on the inside of described crystallizer water collar (8).
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