CN107962169B - The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material - Google Patents
The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107962169B CN107962169B CN201711293929.8A CN201711293929A CN107962169B CN 107962169 B CN107962169 B CN 107962169B CN 201711293929 A CN201711293929 A CN 201711293929A CN 107962169 B CN107962169 B CN 107962169B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
Abstract
The invention discloses the preparation facilities and method of a kind of refractory metal base gradient composite material, are related to new material production method technical field.The method includes gradient composites raw material to be prepared are made up of metallic matrix and ceramics etc. of the methods of powder metallurgy or founding to the electrode block of heterogeneity by the Elemental redistribution of gradient structure.The electrode block of heterogeneity is put into electrode block clamping pipe, then electrode cores identical with metallic matrix and electrode exterior clamping are sintered together by heat treatment together.Electrode auxiliary heating system is opened, compound comsumable melt instills in crucible under high arc temperature after starting, while crucible passes through induction heating.As the melt of the decline heterogeneity of crucible is progressively solidified into as gradient composites.By consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting and directional solidification in conjunction with metal-based gradient composite material in situ is prepared, the stability and uniformity of the gradient gradient composites of preparation can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method technical field of metal material more particularly to a kind of refractory metal base graded composites
The preparation facilities and method of material.
Background technique
Gradient composites are to answer two or more element according to one kind that component and structure gradient change
Condensation material, the change of gradient of Lai Shixian material function, to realize different functions, gradient composites are widely used in machine
The fields such as tool, metallurgy, mining, space flight, communication, medical treatment.The preparation method of common gradient composites has: powder metallurgy
Method；Plasma spraying method；Vapour deposition process；Laser cladding；Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis.Composite material is usually prepared, especially
When being containing ceramic phase, it is easy to there is reinforcement and matrix wetting is difficult and interfacial reaction seriously and matrix poor compatibility etc.
Problem causes local characteristics to decline.And for high temperature alloy, due to stabilized metal height, to prepare gradient composites just more
It is difficult.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to how provide one kind, by fabricated in situ to prepare gradient stabilization uniform
Composite material device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of refractory metal base graded composite
The preparation facilities of material, it is characterised in that: including furnace body, crucible rotation is provided on the outside of the lower portion of furnace body and lifting drives
Device, the lower part of the furnace body are equipped with one end and are located at outside the furnace body, and the other end is located at the intracorporal crucible pole of the furnace, the earthenware
One end that crucible bar is located at outside furnace body is connect with the power output end of the crucible rotation and lifting drive, the crucible pole position
It is fixedly connected in the intracorporal one end of furnace with crucible, the periphery setting of the crucible is equipped with graphite heater, the graphite heater
Periphery be provided with induction coil, be provided on the outside of the upper of furnace body combination electrode jacking system and electrode auxiliary heating system
System lifting device, one end of combination electrode are located at the outside of the upper end of the furnace body, the end and the combination electrode jacking system
Power output end connection, the other end of the combination electrode is located at that the furnace body is interior and the end be located at the crucible just on
It is square, electrode auxiliary heating system is provided on the outside of the combination electrode, one end of the mobile bar and electrode auxiliary add
Hot systems are fixedly connected, and the other end of the mobile bar extends to outside the furnace body, the end and the electrode auxiliary heating system
The power output end of lifting device connects.
Include upper furnace body and lower furnace body a further technical solution lies in: the furnace body, the upper furnace body and lower furnace body it
Between be fixedly connected.
A further technical solution lies in: be provided with weight sensor on the crucible pole, for measure the crucible with
And in crucible material overall weight.
A further technical solution lies in: upper insulation cover is provided on the upside of the graphite heater and induction coil,
Thermal insulation board is provided on the downside of the graphite heater and induction coil.
A further technical solution lies in: the combination electrode is vertically arranged, including electrode stem, electrode cores, different gradients
One end of the electrode block and electrode block clamping cylinder of ingredient, the electrode stem is located at outside the furnace body, the end and the compound electric
The power output end of pole jacking system connects, and the other end of the electrode stem is located in the furnace body, and the upper end of electrode cores is fixed
At the center of the lower end of the electrode stem, the outside for being set in the electrode cores of the electrode block clamping cylinder, and the electrode
The upper end of block clamping cylinder is fixedly connected with the lower end of the electrode stem, and electrode block is arranged from top to bottom according to different gradient sequences
In space between the electrode cores and the electrode block clamping cylinder, and electrode cores, electrode block and electrode cores clamping cylinder are logical
Oversintering is fixed together.
A further technical solution lies in: the electrode auxiliary heating system includes being sheathed on the outside of the combination electrode
Muff, the muff are fixedly connected with the lower end of the mobile bar, close to the interior of the combination electrode on the muff
Several adding thermal resistance placing grooves are provided on cylinder, adding thermal resistance is fixed in the adding thermal resistance placing groove, the heating electricity
Hinder it is electric after generate heat auxiliary heating is carried out to the combination electrode.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material, feature exists
In including the following steps:
Compound consutrode is prepared, and the compound consutrode is placed into the auxiliary heating of the electrode in preparation facilities system
In system；
Metal material is put into the crucible of lower furnace body, 10 are evacuated to furnace body-3Pa operates combination electrode jacking system
With electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device, move down compound consutrode and electrode auxiliary heating system so that it is compound from
Power pole is filled with protective gas close to the metal material in crucible in furnace body, makes pressure in it to 0.5 × 105Pa；
So that electrode auxiliary heating system is worked first, heated for the consumable combination electrode, starts combination electrode, then drive
The electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device is moved, drops to electrode auxiliary heating system neat with the lower end of consumable combination electrode
Flat, the consumable combination electrode is used to be used as consutrode, adjusts consumable compound electric by combination electrode jacking system after starting
Pole position, so that the arc stability generated；The fusing of consumable combination electrode instills in crucible at a high temperature of electric arc generates, while earthenware
Crucible heats refractory metal, induction field stirring melt by induction coil, and electric arc not only melts consumable combination electrode, also molten
Change the metal material in lower crucible；
After molten drop is fallen in the melt of lower part, due to containing the higher original ceramic component of temperature in molten drop, and it is molten
The temperature of drop is very high, under the action of electromagnetic agitation, original ceramic component is made to spread over lower crucible rapidly
In melt；The power and induction heating power of adjustment consumable combination electrode make original under the melt temperature according to phasor
Ceramic component melt is in thermodynamic equilibrium state in lower crucible；The control criterion of gradient components: molten according to alloy
The directional solidification rates of body are controlled, and are controlled melt directional solidification rates by rate that crucible declines, are realized to rigid
It falls melt to solidify as early as possible, so that solidification material is within the scope of Composition Control；With dripping for molten drop, crucible constantly rotates
And decline, with the progress of solidification and the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system also decline therewith；Earthenware
It is furnished with weight system on crucible bar, as the increase of weight adjusts crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system
Fall off rate guarantees the stabilization of electric arc；
With the decline of crucible, gradually directional solidification becomes gradient composites to the melt of heterogeneity.
A further technical solution lies in, consumable combination electrodes the preparation method is as follows: the powder of heterogeneity is distinguished
It is pressed into and is formed together the electrode block with different gradient components, formed and contain metal powder and ceramic powder in the powder of electrode block
End, the refractory metal element that metal powder includes by refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared, the metal
Powder is also used for improving the conductivity and intensity of the electrode block；The electrode block of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder
It is interior, then pass through together with the electrode cores in the electrode block clamping cylinder and is heat-treated sintered together, the electrode cores and electricity
The making material that pole block clamps pipe is identical as the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
A further technical solution lies in, consumable combination electrode the preparation method is as follows:
By founding by metal powder together with ceramic powders founding, formed have different gradient components electrode block,
It is formed and contains metal powder and ceramic powders in the powder of electrode block, metal powder is multiple for refractory metal base gradient to be prepared
The high-melting-point refractory metal element of condensation material, the metal powder are also used for improving the conductivity and intensity of the electrode block；
The electrode block of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder, then together with the electrode cores in the electrode block clamping cylinder
It is sintered together by being heat-treated, the making material and refractory metal to be prepared of the electrode cores and electrode block clamping pipe
The refractory metal element of base gradient composite material is identical.
The beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are that described device and method by different element powders,
Alloy powder or compound powder are prepared into electrode block according to heterogeneity.Pass through consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting
With directional solidification in conjunction with metal-based gradient composite material in situ is prepared, the gradient gradient composites of preparation can be effectively improved
Stability and uniformity.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of described device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Wherein: 1, not melting electrode stem 2, electrode cores 3, electrode block clamping cylinder 4, adding thermal resistance 5, muff 6, crucible 7, graphite
Heater 8, induction coil 9, melt 10, the functionally gradient material (FGM) 11 solidified, thermal insulation board 12, crucible pole 13, lower furnace body 14, weight
Sensor 15, upper insulation cover 16, upper furnace body 17, mobile bar 18, electrode block.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention can be with
Implemented using other than the one described here other way, those skilled in the art can be without prejudice to intension of the present invention
In the case of do similar popularization, therefore the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material, packet
Furnace body is included, the furnace body includes upper furnace body 16 and lower furnace body 13, is fixedly connected between the upper furnace body 16 and lower furnace body 13.It is described
Crucible rotation and lifting drive are provided on the outside of lower portion of furnace body, the lower part of the furnace body is equipped with one end and is located at the furnace body
Outside, the other end is located at the intracorporal crucible pole 12 of the furnace, and the crucible pole 12 is located at one end and the crucible rotation outside furnace body
It is connect with the power output end of lifting drive, the crucible pole 12 is located at the intracorporal one end of furnace and is fixedly connected with crucible 6.Institute
The periphery setting for stating crucible 6 is equipped with graphite heater 7, and the periphery of the graphite heater 7 is provided with induction coil 8, the furnace
Combination electrode jacking system and electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device, one end position of combination electrode are provided on the outside of body top
In the outside of the upper end of the furnace body, which connect with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, the compound electric
The other end of pole is located in the furnace body and the end is located at the surface of the crucible 6.It is provided on the outside of the combination electrode
Electrode auxiliary heating system, one end of the mobile bar 17 are fixedly connected with the electrode auxiliary heating system, the mobile bar
17 other end extends to outside the furnace body, and the power output end of the end and the electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device connects
It connects.
It is provided with weight sensor 14 on the crucible pole 12, for measuring the whole of material in the crucible 6 and crucible
Body weight.The upside of the graphite heater 7 and induction coil 8 is provided with insulation cover 15, the graphite heater 7 and
The downside of induction coil 8 is provided with thermal insulation board 11, can effectively be protected by using the upper insulation cover 15 and thermal insulation board 11
The heat that the induction coil generates is held, the loss of heat is reduced, there is certain energy-saving effect.
The combination electrode is vertically arranged, including not molten electrode stem 1 and compound consutrode, the compound consutrode
Electrode block 18 and electrode block clamping cylinder 3 including electrode cores 2, different gradient components.One end of the electrode stem is located at described
Outside furnace body, which connect with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, and the other end of the electrode stem is located at described
In furnace body.The upper end of electrode cores 2 is fixed on the center of the lower end of the electrode stem, and the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 is set in institute
The outside of electrode cores 2 is stated, and the upper end of the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the electrode stem.Electrode block 18
It is set in the space between the electrode cores 2 and the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 from top to bottom according to different gradient sequences, and
Electrode cores 2, electrode block 18 and electrode block clamping cylinder 3 are by being sintered to fix together.A-H represents different gradient components in Fig. 1
Electrode block.
As shown in Figure 1, further, the electrode auxiliary heating system includes the guarantor being sheathed on the outside of the combination electrode
Temperature set 5, the muff 5 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the mobile bar 17, close to the combination electrode on the muff 5
Several adding thermal resistance placing grooves are provided on inner cylinder, adding thermal resistance 4 is fixed in the adding thermal resistance placing groove, the heating
Resistance 4 it is electric after generate heat auxiliary heating is carried out to the combination electrode.
Contain metal matrix material in each piece of electrode block, it is ensured that electrode block is conductive.It will be according to gradient composites
Ingredient and the scope of organization link together electrode block, electrode block clamping pipe and electrode cores by heat treatment.Gradient consumable is multiple
There is auxiliary heating system around composite electrode, consumable combination electrode can be helped to heat, convenient for the material on consumable combination electrode head
Fusing.Electrode auxiliary heating system is used for the heat preservation on directional solidification crucible top simultaneously, convenient for establishing the temperature gradient in melt.
The preparation facilities can be by different element powders, alloy powder or compound powder, according to heterogeneity
It is prepared into electrode block.By consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting and directional solidification in conjunction with preparing metal-based gradient in situ
Composite material can effectively improve the stability and uniformity of the gradient gradient composites of preparation.
Corresponding with the preparation facilities, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of refractory metal base graded composite materials
The preparation method of material, includes the following steps:
Compound consutrode is prepared, and the compound consutrode is placed into the auxiliary heating of the electrode in preparation facilities system
In system；
The specific preparation method at least the following two kinds of the consumable combination electrode: the first, by the powder of heterogeneity
It is pressed into respectively and is formed together the electrode block 18 with different gradient components, formed in the powder of electrode block 18 and contain metal powder
And ceramic powders, the refractory metal element that metal powder includes by refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared,
The metal powder is also used for improving the conductivity of the electrode block 18 and intensity (thinks that refractory metal base gradient to be prepared is multiple
At least contain a kind of refractory metal in condensation material, and this refractory metal element is contained in all parts of entire material,
So it is not only the element that each electrode block is included, it can also improve the conductivity and intensity of electrode block 18, and this
And the reason of selecting this element to clamp as electrode cores and electrode block)；The electrode block 18 of different gradient components is put into electrode
In block clamping cylinder 3, then with the electrode cores 2 in the electrode block clamping cylinder 3 together by being heat-treated sintered together, the electricity
The high-melting-point gold of the making material and refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared of pole piece 2 and electrode block clamping pipe 3
It is identical to belong to element.
Second: by founding by metal powder together with ceramic powders founding, being formed has different gradient components
Electrode block 18 forms and contains metal powder and ceramic powders in the powder of electrode block 18, and metal powder is high-melting-point to be prepared
The high-melting-point refractory metal element of metal-based gradient composite material, the metal powder are also used for improving the electrode block 18
Conductivity and intensity；The electrode block 18 of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder 3, is then clamped with the electrode block
Electrode cores 2 in cylinder 3 are sintered together by being heat-treated together, the making material of the electrode cores 2 and electrode block clamping pipe 3
It is identical as the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
Further, the metal material in the electrode block 18, the making material of electrode cores 2 and electrode block clamp pipe 3
Making material be high melting point metal materials.The width of the muff of electrode auxiliary heating system is the 90%- of the width of crucible
95%, electrode auxiliary heating system not only can be with melting consumable combination electrode, while giving crucible heat supply, moreover it is possible to realize for orienting
The heat preservation on solidification crucible top, therefore convenient for establishing the temperature gradient in melt.If crucible is ceramic crucible, electrode auxiliary heating
The materials such as graphite felt can be selected in system muff.If crucible is the conductive materials such as water jacketed copper crucible, electrode auxiliary heating system
System muff selects non-conductive thermal insulation material.
Metal material is put into the crucible 6 of lower furnace body, 10 are evacuated to furnace body-3Pa, operation combination electrode lifting system
System and electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device, move down compound consutrode and electrode auxiliary heating system, so that compound
Consutrode is filled with protective gas close to the metal material in crucible 6 in furnace body, make pressure in it to 0.5 ×
105Pa；
So that electrode auxiliary heating system is worked first, heated for the consumable combination electrode, starts combination electrode, then drive
The electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device is moved, drops to electrode auxiliary heating system neat with the lower end of consumable combination electrode
Flat, the consumable combination electrode is used to be used as consutrode, adjusts consumable compound electric by combination electrode jacking system after starting
Pole position, so that the arc stability generated；The fusing of consumable combination electrode instills in crucible 6 at a high temperature of electric arc generates, simultaneously
Crucible 6 heats refractory metal, induction field stirring melt by induction coil 8, and electric arc not only melts consumable combination electrode,
Also melt the metal material in lower crucible 6；
After molten drop is fallen in the melt of lower part, due to containing the higher original ceramic component of temperature in molten drop, and it is molten
The temperature of drop is very high, under the action of electromagnetic agitation, original ceramic component is made to spread over lower crucible 6 rapidly
In melt；The power and induction heating power of adjustment consumable combination electrode make original under the melt temperature according to phasor
Ceramic component melt is in thermodynamic equilibrium state in lower crucible 6；The control criterion of gradient components: molten according to alloy
The directional solidification rates of body are controlled, and are controlled melt directional solidification rates by rate that crucible 6 declines, are realized to rigid
It falls melt to solidify as early as possible, so that solidification material is within the scope of Composition Control；With dripping for molten drop, crucible 6 constantly revolves
Turn and decline, with the progress of solidification and the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system also decline therewith；
It is furnished with weight system on crucible pole, as the increase of weight adjusts crucible 6, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system
Fall off rate, guarantee the stabilization of electric arc；
With the decline of crucible 6, gradually directional solidification becomes gradient composites to the melt of heterogeneity.
The method is prepared into electricity by different element powders, alloy powder or compound powder, according to heterogeneity
Pole block.By consumable arc-melting, electromagnetic induction melting and directional solidification in conjunction with preparing metal-based gradient composite material in situ,
The stability and uniformity of the gradient gradient composites of preparation can effectively be improved.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material, it is characterised in that: including furnace body, the lower portion of furnace body
Outside be provided with crucible rotation and lifting drive, the lower part of the furnace body is equipped with one end and is located at outside the furnace body, another
End is located at the intracorporal crucible pole of the furnace (12), and the crucible pole (12) is located at one end and the crucible rotation and liter outside furnace body
The power output end connection of driving device is dropped, and the crucible pole (12) is located at the intracorporal one end of furnace and is fixedly connected with crucible (6), institute
The periphery setting for stating crucible (6) is equipped with graphite heater (7), and the periphery of the graphite heater (7) is provided with induction coil
(8), combination electrode jacking system and electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device, compound electric are provided on the outside of the upper of furnace body
One end of pole is located at the outside of the upper end of the furnace body, which connect with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system,
The other end of the combination electrode is located in the furnace body and the end is located at the surface of the crucible (6), the combination electrode
Outside be provided with electrode auxiliary heating system, one end of mobile bar (17) is fixedly connected with the electrode auxiliary heating system,
The other end of the mobile bar (17) extends to outside the furnace body, and the end is dynamic with the electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device
The connection of power output end；
The combination electrode is vertically arranged, including does not melt electrode stem (1) and compound consutrode, the compound consutrode packet
Electrode cores (2), the electrode block (18) of different gradient components and electrode block clamping cylinder (3), one end of the electrode stem is included to be located at
Outside the furnace body, which connect with the power output end of the combination electrode jacking system, and the other end of the electrode stem is located at
In the furnace body, the upper end of electrode cores (2) is fixed on the center of the lower end of the electrode stem, the electrode block clamping cylinder (3)
It is set in the outside of the electrode cores (2), and the fixed company in the upper end of the electrode block clamping cylinder (3) and the lower end of the electrode stem
It connects, electrode block (18) is set to the electrode cores (2) and the electrode block clamping cylinder according to different gradient sequences from top to bottom
(3) in the space between, and electrode cores (2), electrode block (18) and electrode block clamping cylinder (3) are by being sintered to fix together.
2. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the furnace body
Including upper furnace body (16) and lower furnace body (13), it is fixedly connected between the upper furnace body (16) and lower furnace body (13).
3. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the crucible
Weight sensor (14) are provided on bar (12), for measuring the overall weight of material in the crucible (7) and crucible.
4. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the graphite
It is provided with insulation cover (15) on the upside of heater (7) and induction coil (8), the graphite heater (7) and the line of induction
Thermal insulation board (11) are provided on the downside of circle (8).
5. the preparation facilities of refractory metal base gradient composite material as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electrode
Auxiliary heating system includes the muff (5) being sheathed on the outside of the combination electrode, the muff (5) and the mobile bar
(17) lower end is fixedly connected, and is provided with several heating electricity on the muff (5) on the inner cylinder of the combination electrode
Hinder placing groove, adding thermal resistance (4) is fixed in the adding thermal resistance placing groove, the adding thermal resistance (4) it is electric after generate heat
Auxiliary heating is carried out to the combination electrode.
6. a kind of preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material, using refractory metal base described in claim 1
The preparation facilities of gradient composites, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Compound consutrode is prepared, and the compound consutrode is placed into the electrode auxiliary heating system in preparation facilities
In；
Metal material is put into the crucible (6) of lower furnace body, 10 are evacuated to furnace body-3Pa operates combination electrode jacking system
With electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device, move down compound consutrode and electrode auxiliary heating system so that it is compound from
Power pole is filled with protective gas close to the metal material in crucible (6) in furnace body, make pressure in it to 0.5 ×
105Pa；
So that electrode auxiliary heating system is worked first, heated for the consumable combination electrode, starts combination electrode, then drive institute
Electrode auxiliary heating system lifting device is stated, electrode auxiliary heating system is dropped to and is flushed with the lower end of consumable combination electrode,
The consumable combination electrode is used to be used as consutrode, adjusts consumable combination electrode position by combination electrode jacking system after starting
It sets, so that the arc stability generated；The fusing of consumable combination electrode instills in crucible (6) at a high temperature of electric arc generates, while earthenware
Crucible (6) heats refractory metal, induction field stirring melt by induction coil (8), and electric arc not only melts consumable compound electric
Pole, the also metal material in fusing lower crucible (6)；
After molten drop is fallen in the melt of lower part, due to containing the higher original ceramic component of temperature in molten drop, and molten drop
Temperature is very high, under the action of electromagnetic agitation, original ceramic component is made to spread over the molten of lower crucible (6) rapidly
In body；The power and induction heating power of adjustment consumable combination electrode make original pottery according to phasor under the melt temperature
Porcelain component melt is in thermodynamic equilibrium state in lower crucible (6)；The control criterion of gradient components: molten according to alloy
The directional solidification rates of body are controlled, and control melt directional solidification rates by rate that crucible (6) decline, are realized pair
It just falls melt to solidify as early as possible, so that solidification material is within the scope of Composition Control；With dripping for molten drop, crucible (6) is continuous
Rotation and decline, with the progress of solidification and the decline of crucible, consumable combination electrode and electrode auxiliary heating system are also therewith
Decline；It is furnished with weight system on crucible pole, is assisted as the increase of weight adjusts crucible (6), consumable combination electrode and electrode
The fall off rate of heating system guarantees the stabilization of electric arc；
With the decline of crucible (6), gradually directional solidification becomes gradient composites to the melt of heterogeneity.
7. the preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that consumable is compound
Electrode is formed together the electrode block with different gradient components the preparation method is as follows: the powder of heterogeneity is pressed into respectively
(18), it is formed in the powder of electrode block (18) and contains metal powder and ceramic powders, metal powder is high-melting-point gold to be prepared
Belong to the refractory metal element that base gradient composite material is included, the metal powder is also used for improving the electrode block (18)
Conductivity and intensity；The electrode block (18) of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder (3), then with the electrode block
Electrode cores (2) in clamping cylinder (3) are sintered together by being heat-treated together, the electrode cores (2) and electrode block clamping pipe
(3) making material is identical as the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
8. the preparation method of refractory metal base gradient composite material as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that consumable is compound
Electrode the preparation method is as follows:
By founding by metal powder together with ceramic powders founding, formed have different gradient components electrode block (18),
It is formed and contains metal powder and ceramic powders in the powder of electrode block (18), metal powder is refractory metal base ladder to be prepared
Spend the refractory metal element of composite material, the metal powder is also used for improving the conductivity of the electrode block (18) and strong
Degree；The electrode block (18) of different gradient components is put into electrode block clamping cylinder (3), then with the electrode block clamping cylinder (3)
Interior electrode cores (2) are sintered together by being heat-treated together, the production of the electrode cores (2) and electrode block clamping pipe (3)
Material is identical as the refractory metal element of refractory metal base gradient composite material to be prepared.
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| CN111101012B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-03-30 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method of closed-cell gradient foam material |
| CN111531151B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-05-07 | 燕山大学 | Device for assisting non-circular gear casting by using pulse current and process method thereof |
| CN111595149B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-04-22 | 久铖机械制造(天津)有限公司 | Intelligent circulating type vacuum pressure sintering furnace and method |
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