CN102021348A - Vacuum/gas shield electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification device and method - Google Patents
Vacuum/gas shield electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102021348A CN102021348A CN 201010614036 CN201010614036A CN102021348A CN 102021348 A CN102021348 A CN 102021348A CN 201010614036 CN201010614036 CN 201010614036 CN 201010614036 A CN201010614036 A CN 201010614036A CN 102021348 A CN102021348 A CN 102021348A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electroslag remelting technique, in particular to a vacuum/gas shield electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification device and method. The device comprises a power supply, a consumable electrode (1), a water-cooling crystallizer (2) and a gas shield system, wherein the lower part of the water-cooling crystallizer (2) is provided with a water-cooling chassis (7) and a stripping device (13), and a two-circuit control mode is adopted by the consumable electrode (1) to make the stripping speed equivalent with the solidification speed of a cast ingot. The invention has simple operation and low cost, is convenient to control, can be used for producing large-dimension low-segregation directional solidification cast ingots and is suitable for mass production and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electroslag remelting technique, particularly relate to a kind of vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification technology.
Background technology
The ingot casting cogging is the first working procedure of deforming alloy processing, and its purpose comprises two aspects, the one, and broken as-cast structure obtains evenly tiny equiaxed grain structure, improves material plasticity; The 2nd, change the ingot casting geometrical shape so that carry out next step processing.Yet metallic substance for high-alloying, mould steel for example, difficult wrought superalloys etc. are owing to contain a large amount of alloy elements, alloy forms serious element segregation in process of setting, so that the interdendritic forms thick precipitated phase, and this class alloy melting point is low simultaneously, dynamic recrystallization temperature height, poor plasticity, best plasticity range is narrow, causes processing unusual difficult, and this brings very large difficulty just for the cogging process of alloy cast ingot.
Reduce the element segregation degree of alloy cast ingot, quantity, size and form that the control interdendritic once generates phase are to improve the thermoplastic effective ways of alloy cast ingot.Vacuum arc remelting and esr are less-deformable alloy remelting refining means commonly used, remelting refining can be removed the steel ingot that gas, impurity and non-metallic inclusion obtain higher degree effectively on the one hand, remelting refining process deposite metal rapid axial crystallization on the other hand, make spindle dense structure, segregation is less, helps to improve the hot-workability of steel ingot.Adopt ingot structure that traditional remelting refining technology smelts mainly by forming with surface of steel ingot column crystal in a certain angle, sometimes also there are some thick equiax crystal at the ingot casting center, the different orientation column crystal is the most serious zone of ingotism in the intersection at center or the crystal boundary place of column crystal and center equiax crystal, occurs the accumulation area of precipitated phase and non-metallic inclusion easily.In addition, the direction of growth of dentrite has nothing in common with each other in traditional remelting refining technology ingot solidification process, the mushy zone that difference direction of growth dentrite intersection forms is segregation and a precipitated phase accumulative zone equally, and these zones are brought out crackle easily and caused ingot casting to be scrapped or be out of shape the back forming band tissue reduction material property in the cogging process.
Adopt directional solidification processes production not have horizontal crystal boundary, the ingot casting that the column crystal and the dentrite direction of growth are consistent is to reduce high-alloying alloy segregation degree, avoids large-sized inclusions and other precipitated phases to assemble, and improves thermoplastic effective ways.Yet the used equipment of traditional directional solidification processes is huge, and the cost height, and efficient is low, is not suitable for producing large-sized ingot casting.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification apparatus and method, it is with low cost, and the processing parameter controllability is good, can the production large size, low segregation directional solidifies ingot casting.
For achieving the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification device, comprises power supply, consumable electrode (1), water mold (2), gas protection system; Water-cooled chassis (7) and end stripping device (13) are arranged at described water mold (2) bottom; Described consumable electrode (1) adopts two circuit control mode, makes the setting rate of stripping speed and ingot casting suitable.
The double-loop control system of consumable electrode (1) is: the longitudinal current loop: transformer-consumable electrode (1)-slag bath (3)-ingot casting (6)-water-cooled chassis (7)-longitudinal current rectifier (12)-transformer; Lateral current loop: transformer-consumable electrode (1)-slag bath (3)-water mold (2)-lateral current rectifier (11)-transformer; And the size of current in two loops is independent adjustable.
Described transformer is magnetic voltage regulator/transformer (10).
Described double loop all is connected to rectifying device, makes electric current adjustable.
Forced cooling device (5) is equipped with in water mold (2) below.
This device also is equipped with gas shield cover (9), can extracting vacuum or feeding shielding gas.
Water mold (2) has the open water-cooled copper crystallizer of conductive module, and crystallizer diameter D is between Φ 100mm～Φ 500mm, and height H is 1～1.5 times of diameter D.
The diameter of used consumable electrode (1) is 40%～80%D.
The height of slag bath (3) in water mold (2) is 20%～70%D.
In order further to realize purpose of the present invention, the invention provides the method for a kind of vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification, comprise the steps:
A. at first water-cooled chassis (7) is placed the bottom of water mold (2);
B. will melt good slag in advance and pour in the water mold (2), consumable electrode (1) is inserted the middle starting the arc of slag bath (3) and makes consumable electrode (1) fusing;
C. the ingot casting (6) when formation begins stripping when reaching a certain height;
D. the size of the voltage and current of Controlling System during stripping, this electric current is divided into longitudinal current and lateral current double loop input electrode, the control current size comprises the distribution of control longitudinal current and lateral current, makes the setting rate of stripping speed and ingot casting suitable, and the slag bath liquid level position remains unchanged;
E. when the slag bath liquid level position gas shield cover (9) on the bonnet that remains unchanged;
F. open cold radiator cooler (5) after water-cooled chassis (7) is extracted water mold (2) out.
Begin stripping when the height of ingot casting (6) reaches 10mm～40mm in the water mold (2).
Stripping speed is 2mm/min～20mm/min; And the degree of depth that output voltage and consumable electrode (1) by control magnetic voltage regulator/transformer (10) insert slag bath (3) is come the voltage and current of Controlling System, regulate longitudinal current rectifier (12) and/or lateral current rectifier (11) then and control the distribution of longitudinal current and lateral current and make the setting rate of the burn-off rate of consumable electrode (1) and ingot casting suitable, control slag bath liquid level position remains unchanged.
When the slag bath liquid level keeps on the balance bonnet gas shield cover (9) and charges into argon gas or keep vacuum with protection slag bath (3).
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
1, eliminate the conventional component segregation that solidifies middle different orientation crystal grain and the formation of dentrite intersection, inclusion is assembled and is solidified loose;
2, the application of lateral current helps to control the temperature of slag bath, obtains the solidified structure that controlled solidified front thermograde helps controlling ingot casting;
3, the present invention adopts open current-conductive mold and automatic stripping system, can obtain controlled solidified structure by selecting the thermograde and the setting rate of different pressure cooling provision control ingot solidification processes;
4, the present invention can make the pool depth in the reflow process reduce by 70% than traditional esr, helps controlling quantity, size, form and the distribution of interdendritic precipitated phase and prevents the gathering of precipitated phase;
5, the uniform crystallographic orientation tissue parallel with the ingot casting axis makes crystal boundary zone relatively weaker in deformation process avoid the direction of stress maximum among the present invention, helps improving distortion plasticity, prevents strain cracking;
6, the present invention can obtain the uniform crystallographic orientation parallel with the ingot casting axis and organize may command dentrite size, refinement cast structure; Be beneficial to the fragmentation and the dynamic recrystallization of hot procedure dentrite;
7, smelting process of the present invention has and stablizes straight slag liquid/molten metal interface and molten metal/liquid/solid interface, helps obtaining uniform oriented freezing organization;
8, the present invention has wide application field, both can obtain the directional freeze ingot casting that large size is directly utilized again for deforming alloy provides the fine ingot casting;
9, vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification technical matters controllable parameters, but be the suitable type high-tech technology of through engineering approaches.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is vacuum of the present invention/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification apparatus structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the macrostructure of the directional freeze ingot casting of employing the present invention acquisition;
Fig. 3 is the microtexture of the directional freeze ingot casting of employing the present invention acquisition;
Fig. 4 obtains the macrostructure of ingot casting for adopting the prior art electroslag remelting process;
Fig. 5 obtains the microtexture of ingot casting for adopting the prior art electroslag remelting process.
Drawing reference numeral
1 consumable electrode, 8 dummy bars
2 water molds, 9 gas shield covers
3 slag baths, 10 magnetic voltage regulator/transformers
4 workplatformes, 11 lateral current rectifiers
5 forced cooling devices, 12 longitudinal current rectifiers
6 directional freeze ingot castings, 13 stripping devices
7 water-cooled chassis
Embodiment
The alloy directionally solidified ingot casting of FGH96 of embodiment 1 preparation Φ 155
The diameter D=Φ 160mm of water mold 2 is 200mm highly, places on the workplatform 4.
The equipment that uses has the double loop design, and a loop is: transformer-consumable electrode-slag bath-ingot casting-water-cooled chassis-rectifier-transformer (being called longitudinal current); Another loop is: the conductive module-rectifier of transformer-consumable electrode-slag bath-crystallizer-transformer (being called lateral current), allocation proportion by control longitudinal current and lateral current makes slag bath obtain the uniform temperature field, thereby further controls the shape of metal pool.
Water-cooled chassis 7 is placed the low side of water mold 2, pour the good dark slag of 100mm of fusing in advance into, be that the consumable electrode 1 of 100mm inserts the starting the arc in the slag bath 3 with diameter, and make consumable electrode 1 fusing; Begin stripping when the slag bath liquid level rises to 30mm, control stripping speed is at 2～20mm/min; Come the voltage and current of regulation system by the output voltage of control magnetic voltage regulator/transformer 10 and the degree of depth of consumable electrode 1 insertion slag bath, in the present embodiment, making voltage is 40V; Regulate longitudinal current rectifier 12 and lateral current rectifier 11 then and control the distribution of longitudinal current and lateral current, making longitudinal current is 1000～2500A, and lateral current is 100～2000A; The setting rate that reaches the burn-off rate of consumable electrode 1 and ingot casting is suitable, and then the slag bath liquid level is remained unchanged; Gas shield cover 9 on the slag bath 3 liquid level position balance bonnets feeds the shielding gas argon gas in the present embodiment; After water-cooled chassis 7 is extracted water mold 2 out, open forced cooling device 5, obtain directional freeze ingot casting 6.
The alloy directionally solidified ingot casting of FGH96 of embodiment 2 preparation Φ 105
The diameter D=Φ 110mm of water mold 2 is 150mm highly, places on the workplatform 4.
Water-cooled chassis 7 is placed the low side of water mold 2, pour the good dark slag of 60mm of fusing in advance into, be that the consumable electrode 1 of 70mm inserts the starting the arc in the slag bath 3 with diameter, and make consumable electrode 1 fusing; When rising to 30mm, slag bath 3 liquid levels begin stripping, the stripping speed control is at 2～20mm/min, come the voltage and current of regulation system by the output voltage of control magnetic voltage regulator/transformer 10 and the degree of depth of consumable electrode 1 insertion slag bath, in the present embodiment, making voltage is 40V; Regulate longitudinal current rectifier 12 and lateral current rectifier 11 then and control the distribution of longitudinal current and lateral current, making longitudinal current is 800～1500A, lateral current is 100～2000A, the setting rate that reaches the burn-off rate of consumable electrode 1 and ingot casting is suitable, and then the slag bath liquid level is remained unchanged; Gas shield cover 9 on the slag bath 3 liquid level position balance bonnets, extracting vacuum in the present embodiment; After water-cooled chassis 7 is extracted water mold 2 out, open forced cooling device 5, obtain directional freeze ingot casting 6.
Following table is the processing parameter of each embodiment of the present invention.
Table 1
Claims (12)
1. vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification device, comprise power supply, consumable electrode (1), water mold (2), gas protection system, it is characterized in that: water-cooled chassis (7) and stripping device (13) are arranged at described water mold (2) bottom; Described consumable electrode (1) adopts two circuit control mode, makes the setting rate of stripping speed and ingot casting suitable.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the double-loop control system of consumable electrode (1) is: the longitudinal current loop: transformer-consumable electrode (1)-slag bath (3)-ingot casting (6)-water-cooled chassis (7)-longitudinal current rectifier (12)-transformer; Lateral current loop: transformer-consumable electrode (1)-slag bath (3)-water mold (2)-lateral current rectifier (11)-transformer; And the size of current in two loops is independent adjustable.
3. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described transformer is magnetic voltage regulator/transformer (10).
4. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: forced cooling device (5) is equipped with in water mold (2) below.
5. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this device also is equipped with gas shield cover (9), can extracting vacuum or feeding shielding gas.
6. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: water mold (2) is for having the open water-cooled copper crystallizer of conductive module, and crystallizer diameter D is between Φ 100mm～Φ 500mm, and height H is 1～1.5 times of diameter D.
7. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter of used consumable electrode (1) is 40%～80%D.
8. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the height of slag bath (3) in water mold (2) is 20%～70%D.
9. a device as claimed in claim 1 is finished vacuum/gas shield esr continuous directional solidification method, and it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
A. at first water-cooled chassis (7) is placed the bottom of water mold (2);
B. will melt good slag in advance and pour in the water mold (2), consumable electrode (1) is inserted the middle starting the arc of slag bath (3) and makes consumable electrode (1) fusing;
C. the ingot casting (6) when formation begins stripping when reaching a certain height;
D. the size of the voltage and current of Controlling System during stripping, this electric current is divided into longitudinal current and lateral current double loop input electrode, the control current size comprises the distribution of control longitudinal current and lateral current, makes the setting rate of stripping speed and ingot casting suitable, and the slag bath liquid level position remains unchanged;
E. when the slag bath liquid level position gas shield cover (9) on the bonnet that remains unchanged;
F. open cold radiator cooler (5) after water-cooled chassis (7) is extracted water mold (2) out.
10. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: begin stripping when the height of ingot casting (6) reaches 10mm～40mm in the water mold (2).
11. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: stripping speed is 2mm/min～20mm/min; And the degree of depth that output voltage and consumable electrode (1) by control magnetic voltage regulator/transformer (10) insert slag bath (3) is come the voltage and current of Controlling System, regulate longitudinal current rectifier (12) and/or lateral current rectifier (11) then and control the distribution of longitudinal current and lateral current and make the setting rate of the burn-off rate of consumable electrode (1) and ingot casting suitable, control slag bath liquid level position remains unchanged.
12. method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: when the slag bath liquid level keeps on the balance bonnet gas shield cover (9) and charges into argon gas or keep vacuum with protection slag bath (3).
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103343238A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 上海交通大学 | Zone melting and directional solidifying method used for volatile element alloy |
| CN103602824A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-26 | 东北大学 | Electroslag remelting device and method based on rotating consumable electrode under vacuum environments |
| CN106350682A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-25 | 北京科技大学 | Electroslag remelting and continuous unidirectional solidification method for tool and die steel production |
| CN106435209A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing H13 steel by electroslag remelting of electric conducting crystallizer |
| CN107962169A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-27 | 孟静 | The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material |
| CN109112318A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-01 | 武汉科技大学 | It is a kind of for recycling the remelting method of unqualified electrolytic metal |
| CN112281076A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江正达金属材料有限公司 | Directional solidification electroslag remelting wear-resistant high-speed steel and preparation process thereof |
| CN112650341A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-04-13 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Electroslag remelting furnace current control device and use method thereof |
| CN113667831A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 安徽工业大学 | Electroslag remelting device and method for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling |
| CN114289704A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Electroslag remelting ingot blank production device and production system |
| CN114350970A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-15 | 沈阳铸造研究所有限公司 | Method for controlling quality of guide vane casting of water turbine through electroslag remelting of double-loop conductive crystallizer |
| CN114535561A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Real-time automatic regulation and control method and device for alloy mushy zone in wide solidification zone through directional solidification of traveling wave magnetic field |
| CN115786800A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-14 | 苏州大学 | Smelting device for clean homogenized extra-large steel ingot and using method |
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Cited By (17)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103343238A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 上海交通大学 | Zone melting and directional solidifying method used for volatile element alloy |
| CN103602824A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-26 | 东北大学 | Electroslag remelting device and method based on rotating consumable electrode under vacuum environments |
| CN103602824B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-12-31 | 东北大学 | Electroslag remelting device and method based on rotating consumable electrode under vacuum environments |
| CN106435209A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing H13 steel by electroslag remelting of electric conducting crystallizer |
| CN106350682A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-25 | 北京科技大学 | Electroslag remelting and continuous unidirectional solidification method for tool and die steel production |
| CN107962169A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-27 | 孟静 | The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material |
| CN107962169B (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-07-23 | 山东森宇精工科技有限公司 | The preparation facilities and method of refractory metal base gradient composite material |
| CN109112318A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-01 | 武汉科技大学 | It is a kind of for recycling the remelting method of unqualified electrolytic metal |
| CN112281076A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江正达金属材料有限公司 | Directional solidification electroslag remelting wear-resistant high-speed steel and preparation process thereof |
| CN112650341A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-04-13 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Electroslag remelting furnace current control device and use method thereof |
| CN113667831A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 安徽工业大学 | Electroslag remelting device and method for refining electroslag ingot solidification structure through dual power supply coupling |
| CN114350970A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-15 | 沈阳铸造研究所有限公司 | Method for controlling quality of guide vane casting of water turbine through electroslag remelting of double-loop conductive crystallizer |
| CN114289704A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Electroslag remelting ingot blank production device and production system |
| CN114289704B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-01-26 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Electroslag remelting ingot blank production device and production system |
| CN114535561A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Real-time automatic regulation and control method and device for alloy mushy zone in wide solidification zone through directional solidification of traveling wave magnetic field |
| CN114535561B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-11-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Real-time automatic regulation and control method and device for directional solidification of wide solidification interval alloy mushy zone by traveling wave magnetic field |
| CN115786800A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-14 | 苏州大学 | Smelting device for clean homogenized extra-large steel ingot and using method |
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