CN107912736A - 一种淮山脱水方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种淮山脱水方法，属于淮山加工领域，选用原材料。先采用高压水枪或专用清洗机将淮山表面的泥土杂物清洗干净，然后使用去皮机将淮山表皮、头尾切削掉，实用蒸馏水对去皮后的淮山进行清洗，最后用重量百分比为1％盐水再次清洗淮山表面。将切好的淮山片迅速转移置90℃～95℃的热水中烫漂10‑15min。把烫漂后的淮山放入密封的袋子中密封并加热80℃～85℃1天，然后静置5天。本发明采用热风干燥与冷冻干燥相结合的干燥方法对淮山进行加工，可以提高淮山的复水性能，减少蛋白质的流失；相对于冷冻干燥，热风干燥与冷冻干燥相结合的干燥方法可以缩短干燥时间，减小能耗；同时对整条的淮山进行脱水可以大大的提高产品的销量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及淮山种植领域，特别地，涉及一种淮山脱水方法。
背景技术
淮山又名淮山药,是山药的成品名，为多年生草本植物，茎蔓生，常带紫色，块根圆柱形，叶子对生，卵形或椭圆形，块根含淀粉和蛋白质。有关资料表明，淮山中富含大量蛋白质、B族维生素、维生素C、维生素E、葡萄糖、粗蛋白氨基酸、胆汁碱、尿囊素等，可以防治人体脂质代谢异常，以及动脉硬化，对维护胰岛素正常功能也有一定作用，有增强人体免疫力，益心安神，宁咳定喘，延缓衰老等保健作用；其中重要的营养成分薯蓣皂是合成女性荷尔蒙的先驱物质，滋阴补阳、增强新陈代谢的功效；而新鲜块茎中含有的多糖蛋白成分的粘液质、消化酵素等，可预防心血管脂肪沉积，有助于胃肠的消化和吸收；近年来，随着人们对营养食品的需求量增大，淮山需求量供不应求，价格逐步上涨，因而，发展种植淮山无疑是农民增加经济收入的主要途径之一。淮山种植要求湿润、阳光充足、温暖的环境条件，深厚、肥沃、排水良好的沙质土壤最适合淮山的生长发育，且淮山块茎生长是向地底生长，有的可长达一米，在加上淮山块茎质地脆嫩，所以采收劳动强度大、费工费时，且淮山病虫害如炭疽病、叶斑病、茎蔓腐病和红蜘蛛、斜纹夜蛾等严重，大大影响了农民的收入和淮山的品质。
申请公布号为CN105211264A的中国专利公开了淮山的脱水加工方法，该方法把淮山进行切片脱水，然而切片脱水都是比较简单的，但是由于淮山在切片后得不到客户的喜欢，客户喜欢直接买整条的淮山，但是整条的淮山进行脱水是比较困难的，因此，需要设计出一种整条淮山脱水的方法，使得更好提供淮山产品。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种淮山脱水方法，以解决现有整条淮山脱水难的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种淮山脱水方法，包括如下步骤
步骤1：选用无虫、无腐烂的新鲜淮山作为原材料；
步骤2：先采用高压水枪或专用清洗机将淮山表面的泥土杂物清洗干净，然后使用去皮机将淮山表皮、头尾切削掉，实用蒸馏水对去皮后的淮山进行清洗，最后用重量百分比为1％盐水再次清洗淮山表面；
步骤3：将切好的淮山片迅速转移置90℃～95℃的热水中烫漂10-15min；
步骤4：把烫漂后的淮山放入密封的袋子中密封并加热80℃～85℃1天，然后静置5天；
步骤5：将静置后的淮山转移至护色液中，浸泡700～80min；所述的护色液，按照重量百分比的组份为：海藻糖7％～8％，氯化钠0.1％～0.3％，牛磺酸0.8％～1％，柠檬酸0.8％～1％，其余为蒸馏水；
步骤6：对淮山进行热风干燥至含有水分4％-6％后，取出摊凉，进行冷冻干燥；所述冷冻干燥方法为：将热风干燥后的淮山放入冷冻干燥机中，当温度达到-42℃时，开启真空泵至绝对压强为110Pa，设置加热板最高温度为80℃，最低70℃。将淮山冷冻干燥至含水量≤4％即可。
步骤7：将淮山干放入包装机中进行真空包装，采用60Co辐照灭菌的方法对包装后的淮山干进行灭菌处理，剂量为6～9kGy，置于阴凉干燥处贮藏。
所述原材料选用未半径不小于2㎝的淮山，长度不小于20厘米的淮山，并且为在8月-9月份收成的淮山。
所述步骤6中的热风干燥方法还可以为：将护色处理后的淮山均匀铺在热风干燥循环果蔬脱水机上，调节热风温度为80～90℃，风速为2m/s，当干燥至含水量为水量为4％～5％时即可。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明采用热风干燥与冷冻干燥相结合的干燥方法对淮山进行加工，可以提高淮山的复水性能，减少蛋白质的流失；相对于冷冻干燥，热风干燥与冷冻干燥相结合的干燥方法可以缩短干燥时间，减小能耗；同时对整条的淮山进行脱水可以大大的提高产品的销量，提高收益。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。
具体实施方式
以下本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
一种淮山脱水方法，包括如下步骤步骤1：选用无虫、无腐烂的新鲜淮山作为原材料。
步骤2：先采用高压水枪或专用清洗机将淮山表面的泥土杂物清洗干净，然后使用去皮机将淮山表皮、头尾切削掉，实用蒸馏水对去皮后的淮山进行清洗，最后用重量百分比为1％盐水再次清洗淮山表面。
步骤3：将切好的淮山片迅速转移置90℃～95℃的热水中烫漂10-15min。
步骤4：把烫漂后的淮山放入密封的袋子中密封并加热80℃～85℃1天，然后静置5天。
步骤5：将静置后的淮山转移至护色液中，浸泡700～80min；所述的护色液，按照重量百分比的组份为：海藻糖7％～8％，氯化钠0.1％～0.3％，牛磺酸0.8％～1％，柠檬酸0.8％～1％，其余为蒸馏水。
步骤6：对淮山进行热风干燥至含有水分4％-6％后，取出摊凉，进行冷冻干燥；所述冷冻干燥方法为：将热风干燥后的淮山放入冷冻干燥机中，当温度达到-42℃时，开启真空泵至绝对压强为110Pa，设置加热板最高温度为80℃，最低70℃。将淮山冷冻干燥至含水量≤4％即可。
步骤7：将淮山干放入包装机中进行真空包装，采用60Co辐照灭菌的方法对包装后的淮山干进行灭菌处理，剂量为6～9kGy，置于阴凉干燥处贮藏。
所述原材料选用未半径不小于2㎝的淮山，长度不小于20厘米的淮山，并且为在8月-9月份收成的淮山。
所述步骤6中的热风干燥方法还可以为：将护色处理后的淮山均匀铺在热风干燥循环果蔬脱水机上，调节热风温度为80～90℃，风速为2m/s，当干燥至含水量为水量为4％～5％时即可。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种淮山脱水方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤，
步骤1：选用无虫、无腐烂的新鲜淮山作为原材料；
步骤2：先采用高压水枪或专用清洗机将淮山表面的泥土杂物清洗干净，然后使用去皮机将淮山表皮、头尾切削掉，实用蒸馏水对去皮后的淮山进行清洗，最后用重量百分比为1％盐水再次清洗淮山表面；
步骤3：将切好的淮山片迅速转移置90℃～95℃的热水中烫漂10-15min；
步骤4：把烫漂后的淮山放入密封的袋子中密封并加热80℃～85℃1天，然后静置5天；
步骤5：将静置后的淮山转移至护色液中，浸泡700～80min；所述的护色液，按照重量百分比的组份为：海藻糖7％～8％，氯化钠0.1％～0.3％，牛磺酸0.8％～1％，柠檬酸0.8％～1％，其余为蒸馏水；
步骤6：对淮山进行热风干燥至含有水分4％-6％后，取出摊凉，进行冷冻干燥；所述冷冻干燥方法为：将热风干燥后的淮山放入冷冻干燥机中，当温度达到-42℃时，开启真空泵至绝对压强为110Pa，设置加热板最高温度为80℃，最低70℃。将淮山冷冻干燥至含水量≤4％即可；
步骤7：将淮山干放入包装机中进行真空包装，采用60Co辐照灭菌的方法对包装后的淮山干进行灭菌处理，剂量为6～9kGy，置于阴凉干燥处贮藏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种淮山脱水方法，其特征在于，所述原材料选用未半径不小于2㎝的淮山，长度不小于20厘米的淮山，并且为在8月-9月份收成的淮山。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种淮山脱水方法，其特征在于，所述步骤6中的热风干燥方法还可以为：将护色处理后的淮山均匀铺在热风干燥循环果蔬脱水机上，调节热风温度为80～90℃，风速为2m/s，当干燥至含水量为水量为4％～5％时即可。
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