CN107852884A - A kind of method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility - Google Patents

A kind of method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility Download PDF

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CN107852884A
CN107852884A CN201711280406.XA CN201711280406A CN107852884A CN 107852884 A CN107852884 A CN 107852884A CN 201711280406 A CN201711280406 A CN 201711280406A CN 107852884 A CN107852884 A CN 107852884A
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azotica
rice
soil
algae
early
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CN107852884B (en
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李敦海
张金丽
彭成荣
宋学宁
张云
黄顺
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility, comprise the following steps：1）Selection Anabaena applies algae kind as Azotica, expands culture step by step；2）Under double cropping of rice pattern, early rice rice transplanting is first deep ploughed 15cm 20cm early stages, azophoska is applied after rice transplanting and is inoculated with Azotica according to the amount of every mu of fresh algae of 3kg 5kg, crops for rotation field is ploughed shallowly after early rice harvesting, shallow plowing depth is 5cm 10cm, cultivates a second crop of rice and applies Azotica and azophoska according to same method；Under single harvest rice pattern, first deep ploughed early stage 15cm 20cm in rice transplanting, azophoska is applied after rice transplanting, and Azotica is inoculated with according to the amount of every mu of fresh algae of 5kg 7kg.This method can reduce the amount of application 50% of nitrogenous fertilizer, while Azotica can enter red soil with deep ploughing or shallow plowing, increase the red soil content of organic matter, the soil fertility level of comprehensive lifting red soil after decomposition.

Description

A kind of method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility
Technical field
The invention belongs to algae bio technology and culture fertility technical field, and in particular to improved and be acidified using Azotica The method of soil and lifting soil fertility.
Background technology
China is Rice Production state maximum in the world, and yield ranks first place, and produces area the second in the world.In China's water In rice, wheat and corn Three major grain crops, rice is the maximum crop of cultivated area, accounts for China's foodstuff planting area 35%.With the rapid growth of China human mortality quantity and the lasting reduction of cultivated area, grain security and resource consumption and environment Contradiction between protection is becoming increasingly acute.In recent years, China's fertilizer amount grows continuously and fast, but the yield speedup of cereal crops Slowly, this shows that chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is low.Long-term and a large amount of apply of chemical fertilizer not only causes soil degradation, soil fertility reduction, The wasting of resources brought simultaneously has been added to a great problem put in face of in the industry cycle with agricultural non-point source pollution.
Red Soils in Southern China land area is wide, is one of major production areas of rice.Red earth area is not only equally faced with The problem of soil degradation, meanwhile, the human activity such as the rapid development of modern industrialization and a large amount of administrations of chemical fertilizer also increases soil Hydrogen, aluminium ion in earth, accelerate the loss of the elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, exacerbate soil acidification.
In the problem of reply soil degradation, the increase soil organism is considered as one of effective means.Although The content of the soil organism only accounts for the very small part of soil total amount, but it improve soil physics structure, regulation soil pH value, Lifting soil fertility, environmental protection and promotion agriculture and forestry sustainable development etc. suffer from extremely important function and significance. Effect of the organic matter in soil physical properties is improved is many, wherein main, most direct effect is improved soil Structure, promote the formation of crumbled structure, so as to increase the sponginess of soil, improve the aeration and water penetration of soil.Increase The conventional method of the soil organism mainly includes increasing decomposed organic fertilizer, straw-returning and Green manuring returning to the field, but these sides It is not extensive enough using limitation, such as decomposed organic fertilizer source the shortcomings that respective to be present in method；And the agricultural mechanical operation straw of large area Stalk returning to the field is promoted not open, and the stalk machinery returning to the field cost of small area is high；Green manuring returning to the field can increase indirectly the input of peasant into This.
Azotica is a kind of lower algae plant that molecular nitrogen in air can be converted into nitrogen compound, and it is tied Structure is simple, individual small, strong adaptability, can be survived from desert to ice field.Azotica is applied to rice field, on the one hand can be made For rice field nitrogen source, the amount of application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is reduced；On the other hand, can to increase soil after frond death decomposition organic Matter, comprehensive lifting soil quality；, can be with turning over returning to the field furthermore Azotica individual is small, it is not necessary to extra measure with into This input.Azotica is applied and organically combined with field management measure, not only facilitates alleviation soil degradation, is lifted Chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, while peasant's input cost can be reduced to a certain extent.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility, solution Certainly Southern Red Soil rice field because chronic administration chemical fertilizer and caused by soil degradation problem, while improved soil structure, alleviate red soil acid Change, the technical management is easy, and cost is cheap, long term benefit.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility, comprises the following steps：
1) Azotica expands numerous：Any one fixed nitrogen species applies algae kind as Azotica in selection Anabaena, by Level expands culture；
2) Azotica is applied：Under double cropping of rice pattern, first deep ploughed early stage in early rice rice transplanting, topsoil depth 15cm- 20cm, azophoska is applied after rice transplanting, and Azotica is inoculated with the fine day morning, the fresh algae that every mu of amount of application is 3kg-5kg, Calculate by dry weight；Crops for rotation field is ploughed shallowly after early rice harvesting, shallow plowing depth is 5cm-10cm, cultivates a second crop of rice and applies N P and K Fertilizer, Azotica, application process and dosage are identical with early rice；Under single harvest rice pattern, first deep ploughed early stage, ploughed in rice transplanting Layer depth is 15cm-20cm, after rice transplanting, applies azophoska, and is inoculated with Azotica in the fine day morning, and every mu of amount of application is 5kg-7kg fresh algae, calculates by dry weight；
3) field management：In the early rice period of double cropping of rice, field depth of water 5cm-7cm is kept, late rice period keeps depth of water 7cm- 12cm；The single harvest rice keeps field depth of water 5cm-10cm.
Preferably, the expansion of described Azotica is numerous expands step by step according to original seed, First stage algae seeds, two level algae kind, three-level algae kind Culture, is concretely comprised the following steps：
1) original seed is seeded to BG110In fluid nutrient medium, ventilation culture to exponential phase, First stage algae seeds are obtained；
2) First stage algae seeds are inoculated into BG110Ventilation culture obtains two level algae kind to exponential phase in fluid nutrient medium；
3) two level algae kind is inoculated into the edge of a field simply in native pond, cultivated 7 to 10 days under natural lighting with simple culture medium, Three-level algae kind is obtained, described simple culture medium is：Commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate 1.12gL-1, boric acid 1.43mgL-1, four water chlorine Change manganese 0.93mgL-1, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 0.195mgL-1, white vitriol 0.11mgL-1, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.04mg L-1, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate 0.025mgL-1。
Preferably, after rice transplanting, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus, divides base manure and top dressing administered twice, phosphorus Fertile amount of application is 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus, and K Amounts are 10kg/ mu -15kg/ mus, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in inoculation Azotica When one-time use.
Preferably, described Azotica is Activity In Anabaena Azotica or Anabaena variabilis.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below and effect：
1. Azotica cultural method is simple, cost is cheap, and the speed of growth is very fast, adapts to habitats, in red soil Property rice terrace in can preferably grow, can reduce the illumination that rice field water sludge interface is received in its growth course, suppress rice The amount reproduction of field weed.
It 2. Red paddy field applies Azotica, on the one hand can increase the sources of nitrogen in rice field, reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer Amount of application, another aspect Azotica can enter the red soil of different depth with deep ploughing and the reasonable application ploughed shallowly, decomposition Increase the red soil content of organic matter, the soil fertility level of comprehensive lifting red soil afterwards.Meanwhile rational deep ploughing can reduce peasant's with ploughing shallowly Cost input.
3. Azotica of red soil paddy field application by throwing them just can make introduces a collection be present in soil all the year round, it is appropriate subsequently only to need Supplement inoculation Azotica, so as to realize the lasting lifting of soil productivity, long term benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is specific growth rate of a variety of Azoticas in red soil.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：Acidified soil and the method for lifting soil fertility are improved under double cropping of rice pattern
In order to put into practice inventive method, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Experiment choosing Select in Jiangxi Province Yingtan paddy fields.Its step is：
1. Azotica algae kind selects：The Activity In Anabaena Azotica for being capable of fixed nitrogen is obtained from Chinese Academy of Sciences's algae kind storehouse (FACHB-119), small single discrimination algae (FACHB-129), nostoc (FACHB-148), Anabaena variabilis (FACHB-176), pass through Acid red loam (gathering from the paddy fields of Jiangxi Province's Yingtan) culture screening, its result such as Fig. 1, exists according to each algae kind The Activity In Anabaena Azotica FACHB-119 (Anabaena azotica) of the preferred Anabaena of specific growth rate in red soil and changeable fish Raw meat algae FACHB-176 (Anabaena variabilis) is used as and applies algae kind.Activity In Anabaena Azotica FACHB- is selected in the present embodiment 119 are applied.
2. Azotica large-scale culture：Expand culture step by step according to original seed, First stage algae seeds, two level algae kind, three-level algae kind. First, original seed is inoculated into 250mL BG110Ventilation culture obtains First stage algae seeds to exponential phase in fluid nutrient medium.Its It is secondary, First stage algae seeds are inoculated into 5L BG110Ventilation culture obtains two level algae kind to exponential phase in fluid nutrient medium.Finally, Two level algae kind is inoculated into the edge of a field simply in native pond, is cultivated 7 to 10 days under natural lighting with simple culture medium, obtains three-level algae Kind.The wherein simple long 5m of Tu Chi, wide 1m, surrounding cover the rectangle Tu Chi of agricultural film.Bottom is opposed flattened, and water storage depth is 10cm-15cm, native pond top build height about 50cm simple plastic greenhouses with bamboo or batten and cover sunshade net, the sunshade net of covering It is easy to adjust illumination.The suitable temperature range of Azotica is 28 DEG C -38 DEG C, and intensity of illumination scope is 200-800 μm of ol m-2·s-1.Summer high temperature season will keep a close eye on water temperature, when water temperature is higher than 38 DEG C or intensity of illumination is more than 800 μm of olm-2· s-1When, covering sunshade net reduces illumination and takes off film ventilation.
Described BG110Its formula of fluid nutrient medium is：75mg·L-1Epsom salt (MgSO4·7H2O)、40mg·L-1 Three water dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO3·3H2O)、36mg·L-1Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2·2H2O)、20mg·L-1Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)、6mg·L-1Citric acid (C6H8O7)、6mg·L-1Ferric citrate (C6H10FeNO8)、1mg·L-1Ethylenediamine tetrem Acid disodium (EDTA-Na2)、2.86mg·L-1Boric acid (H3BO3)、1.86mg·L-1Tetrahydrate manganese chloride (MnCl2·4H2O)、 0.39mg·L-1Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O)、0.22mg·L-1White vitriol (ZnSO4·7H2O)、0.08mg· L-1Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)、0.05mg·L-1Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO3)2·6H2O)。
Described ventilation condition of culture is：With air pump by gas pumping liquid culture medium, gas be passed through nutrient solution it It is preceding that air is filtered with installing the millipore filter of cellulose acetate film additional, throughput 5-10Lh-1, cultivation temperature difference For 28-30 DEG C of daytime, 20-25 DEG C of night, light dark period ratio is 12/12 hour, and intensity of illumination is 70-100 μm of olm-2·s-1。
Described simple culture medium is：Commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate 1.12gL-1、1.43mg·L-1Boric acid (H3BO3)、 0.93mg·L-1Tetrahydrate manganese chloride (MnCl2·4H2O)、0.195mg·L-1Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O)、 0.11mg·L-1White vitriol (ZnSO4·7H2O)、0.04mg·L-1Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)、0.025mg· L-1Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO3)2·6H2O)。
3. rice growing pattern is double cropping of rice.Selection sows early stage (mid or late April) in early rice, first carries out machine deep ploughing, Topsoil depth is 15cm-20cm.After deep ploughing, the even native face of rake of pouring water.After rice transplanting, with applying commercially available azophoska, nitrogen application Measure as 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus, divide base manure and top dressing administered twice, Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus and Potassium Fertilizer Measure as 10kg/ mu -15kg/ mus, one-time use when being inoculated with Azotica, the present embodiment subtracts nitrogenous fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer application Apply 50%, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer 5kg/ mus, phosphate fertilizer 5kg/ mus and potash fertilizer 10kg/ mus.Field water surface clarification is treated, rice shoot will turn green When, the fine day morning is selected, the three-level algae kind of the edge of a field simple Tu Chi cultures is fished for stir evenly splashes into field, every mu of amount of application is 3kg- 5kg (calculating by dry weight) fresh algae, the present embodiment apply the fresh algae of 4kg (calculating by dry weight).Crops for rotation field is entered after early rice harvesting Row is ploughed shallowly, and shallow plowing depth is 5cm-10cm, and mid or late July intercuts late rice and applied Azotica, application process and dosage and morning Rice is identical, and azophoska usage, dosage are consistent with early rice in late rice planting process.
4. double cropping of rice early rice period keeps field depth of water 5cm-7cm, late rice early stage temperature is higher, keeps depth of water 7cm- 12cm.Such as continuous rainy period, water in field should slowly be discharged to a part, Azotica is not only reduced and flowed away with water, moreover it is possible to promoted Enter its fast quick-recovery.
The characteristic in Nitrogen of Rice source can be increased using Azotica, Azotica is applied in rice field can reduce nitrogenous fertilizer Amount of application 50% (table 1).From Table 2, it can be seen that applying Azotica only 1 year in double cropping of rice rice field, Rice Cropping season terminates Soil physico-chemical property has obtained certain lifting afterwards, and in the case where nitrogenous fertilizer subtracts and applies 50%, total nitrogen content of soil still adds 3.55%, content of tatal phosphorus adds 9.09%, and full potassium content adds 1.04%, and soil pH improves 4.27%, and soil is organic Matter content adds 15.07%, and rice average yield per mu adds 0.92% compared with traditional cultivation method.It is blue by applying fixed nitrogen Algae, not only realize subtracting for nitrogenous fertilizer and apply, so as to reduce the discharge of agricultural non-point source pollution, while also help carrying for soil productivity Rise, most importantly therefore rice yield will not reduce.
Table 1 applies Azotica and consumes chemical fertilizer contrast with conventional fertilizer application
Apply influence of the Azotica compared with conventional fertilizer application to soil fertility in the double cropping of rice rice field of table 2
Embodiment 2：Acidified soil and the method for lifting soil fertility are improved under single harvest rice pattern
In order to put into practice inventive method, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Experiment choosing Select in Jiangxi Province Yingtan paddy fields.Its step is：
1. the present embodiment applies algae kind from Activity In Anabaena Azotica FACHB-119 as Azotica.
2. Azotica large-scale culture is same as Example 1.
3. rice growing pattern is the single harvest rice.Select, in rice growing early stage (early or mid June), first to carry out machine deep ploughing, Topsoil depth is 15cm-20cm.After deep ploughing, the even native face of rake of pouring water.After rice transplanting, with applying commercially available azophoska, nitrogen application Measure as 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus, divide base manure and top dressing administered twice, Phosphorus fertilizer usage is 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus and Potassium Fertilizer Measure as 10kg/ mu -15kg/ mus, one-time use when being inoculated with Azotica, the present embodiment subtracts nitrogenous fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer application Apply 50%, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer 5kg/ mus, phosphate fertilizer 5kg/ mus and potash fertilizer 10kg/ mus.Field water surface clarification is treated, rice shoot will turn green When, the fine day morning is selected, the three-level algae kind of the simple Tu Chi cultures of the edge of a field is fished for and splashes into field, every mu of amount of application is 5kg-7kg The fresh algae of 6kg (calculating by dry weight) is applied in the fresh algae of (calculating by dry weight), the present embodiment choosing.
4. the single harvest rice early stage field depth of water keeps 5cm or so, rice tillering and heading stage temperature are higher, can suitably increase The depth of water is to 10cm.Such as continuous rainy period, water in field should slowly be discharged to a part, Azotica is not only reduced and flowed away with water, Its fast quick-recovery can also be promoted.
Subtract nitrogenous fertilizer using Azotica in single harvest rice rice field and apply 50% (conventional amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 10kg/ mus), water Seed rice plant terminates rear total nitrogen content of soil season and adds 2.65%, and content of tatal phosphorus adds 7.5%, and full potassium content adds 0.98%, soil pH improves 3.19%, and soil organic matter content adds 8.93%, rice average yield per mu and traditional plantation side Method is compared and adds 0.76%.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to spirit explanation for example of the invention.Technology belonging to the present invention is led The technical staff in domain can be made various modifications or supplement to described specific embodiment or be replaced using similar mode Generation, but without departing from the spiritual of the present invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.

Claims (4)

  1. A kind of 1. method for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) Azotica expands numerous：Selection Anabaena applies algae kind as Azotica, expands culture step by step；
    2) Azotica is applied：Under double cropping of rice pattern, first deep ploughed early stage in early rice rice transplanting, topsoil depth 15cm-20cm, Azophoska is applied after rice transplanting, and Azotica is inoculated with the fine day morning, the fresh algae that every mu of amount of application is 3kg-5kg, by dry Re-computation；Early rice harvesting after crops for rotation field is ploughed shallowly, shallow plowing depth be 5cm-10cm, cultivate a second crop of rice and apply azophoska, Azotica, application process and dosage are identical with early rice；Under single harvest rice pattern, first deep ploughed early stage in rice transplanting, topsoil Depth is 15cm-20cm, after rice transplanting, applies azophoska, and is inoculated with Azotica in the fine day morning, and every mu of amount of application is 5kg-7kg fresh algae, calculates by dry weight；
    3) field management：In the early rice period of double cropping of rice, field depth of water 5cm-7cm is kept, late rice period keeps depth of water 7cm-12cm； The single harvest rice keeps field depth of water 5cm-10cm.
  2. 2. the method according to claim 1 for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility, it is characterised in that Described Azotica expansion is numerous to expand culture step by step according to original seed, First stage algae seeds, two level algae kind, three-level algae kind, concretely comprises the following steps：
    1) original seed is seeded in BG110 fluid nutrient mediums, ventilation culture to exponential phase, obtains First stage algae seeds；
    2) First stage algae seeds are inoculated into ventilation culture in BG110 fluid nutrient mediums and, to exponential phase, obtain two level algae kind；
    3) two level algae kind is inoculated into the edge of a field simply in native pond, is cultivated 7 to 10 days, obtained under natural lighting with simple culture medium Three-level algae kind, described simple culture medium are：Commercially available calcium magnesium phosphate 1.12gL-1, boric acid 1.43mgL-1, tetrahydrate manganese chloride 0.93mg·L-1, Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate 0.195mgL-1, white vitriol 0.11mgL-1, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.04mgL-1、 Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate 0.025mgL-1。
  3. 3. the method according to claim 1 for improveing acidified soil using Azotica and lifting soil fertility, it is characterised in that After rice transplanting, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 5kg/ mu -10kg/ mus, divides base manure and top dressing administered twice, Phosphorus fertilizer usage 5kg/ Mu -10kg/ mus, K Amounts are 10kg/ mu -15kg/ mus, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer one-time use when being inoculated with Azotica.
  4. 4. improve acidified soil and the method for lifting soil fertility, its feature using Azotica according to claim 1,2 or 3 It is, described Azotica is Activity In Anabaena Azotica or Anabaena variabilis.
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CN112974505A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-06-18 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 Method for restoring rice field soil cadmium pollution by using activator and nitrogen-fixing blue algae
CN112974505B (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-12-24 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 Method for restoring rice field soil cadmium pollution by using activator and nitrogen-fixing blue algae
CN114467397A (en) * 2022-02-11 2022-05-13 山东大学 System and method for improving saline-alkali soil in situ by using microalgae
CN114467397B (en) * 2022-02-11 2022-08-02 山东大学 System and method for improving saline-alkali soil in situ by using microalgae
CN114788485A (en) * 2022-06-24 2022-07-26 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 Rice-algae symbiotic management method for promoting straw decomposition
CN114788485B (en) * 2022-06-24 2022-09-13 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 Rice-algae symbiotic management method for promoting straw decomposition

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