CN109076865A - A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit - Google Patents
A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109076865A CN109076865A CN201810984692.6A CN201810984692A CN109076865A CN 109076865 A CN109076865 A CN 109076865A CN 201810984692 A CN201810984692 A CN 201810984692A CN 109076865 A CN109076865 A CN 109076865A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit, this method is the growth and development characteristics according to winter jujube, in conjunction with salt-soda soil liquid manure feature, integrated salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure and winter jujube planting technology, construct " rhizosphere limitation, biological modification, liquid manure one, green prevention and control, intelligent monitoring " cultivation technique new system, 1) it, which is specifically included, makes rational planning for, appropriate density；2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification；3) winter jujube high quality seedling is cultivated in selection；4) science plant and management；The cultural method can significantly improve growth rate of the winter jujube on salt-soda soil, and be obviously improved the yield of winter jujube and the quality of new fresh dates fruit, be suitble to promote and apply in jujube tree field of planting.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of by salt the present invention relates to a kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit
Alkali physics, chemistry, biological treating measure and winter jujube plantation combine, promoted winter jujube in salt-soda soil production capacity, change
Kind winter jujube quality, improves salt-soda soil winter jujube planting benefit, belongs to forest field of planting.
Background technique
Winter jujube is a late-maturing fresh food excellent variety for stingless jujube tree, and the Zizyphus jujuba Mill kind that the quality generally acknowledged is best,
It is distributed mainly on the ground such as Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi；Wherein, the winter jujube of Shandong Zhanhua is the most authentic, the more thin skins of meat and it is crisp, fall
Ground and it is broken.Winter jujube fresh food is palatable, skin is crisp, fine and tender taste quality is splendid, is the high-grade table variety so far in northern deciduous；
Falling to the ground after maturation can crack；Juice is mostly without slag, sweet faint scent；Soluble solid 35-38%, meat thickness core is small, and edible rate reaches
96.1%.In addition, winter-jujube fruit also contains the various trace elements such as more VitAVitE, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, there is guarantor
Hold that capillary is unimpeded, prevents the increased function of vascular wall brittleness, it is effective in cure for hypertension, Atheromatosis disease, have
The effect of anti-cancer.Nutritive value is the hat of all kinds of fruits, there is the title of " all kinds of fruits king ".Therefore, winter jujube is the fruit of great plantation economic benefit
Set kind.
Long-term plantation is it was verified that winter jujube extremely saline-alkali tolerant, can normally give birth under conditions of soil pH 5.5-8.5
It is long, but grow heavy salinizedly in it is weaker with production capacity, such as patent application CN106305080A(date of publication
2017.01.11 a kind of method that plantation winter jujube is repaired in salt-soda soil) is disclosed, planting winter jujube economic benefit on salt-soda soil can
Reach 60% or so of non-salt-soda soil winter jujube planting industry, therefore improving salt-soda soil winter jujube plantation economic benefit is that the field urgently solves
Certainly the technical issues of.In addition, salt-soda soil plantation winter jujube quality-improving key technology research is also that the field technology to be solved is asked
Topic.
Currently, in the forest development of salt-soda soil need to rely on Gao Shui, high fertile more, need to be expended while influencing economic benefit big
The resource of amount seriously constrains the development of salt-soda soil planting industry.Water-fertilizer integral is the new skill of agricultural of a high-efficiency water-saving section fertilizer
Fertilizer nutrient can directly be supplied by irrigation system, using water as carrier, take nutrition to plant root zone by art.It can be with
Guarantee in a longer time period, nutrition required for tree body carries out low concentration and persistently supplies, compared with the raising of limits
The validity of applied nutrient, makes tree body effectively utilize the nutrient of application, reduces tree body for soil category
The dependence of property, improves the consistency of fertilising, has accomplished various nutrients required in due course supply tree body, time saving and energy saving,
Labor cost is saved, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, and can guarantee the chemical balance of irrigation water.The Integration of Water into Fertilizer can
To accomplish accuracy controlling liquid manure demand and supply, the relationship of Effective Regulation trunk infusion growth and reproductive growth promotes fruit good
Development, hence it is evident that improve the quality of jujube fruit and the yield of high-quality fruit, increasing economic efficiency by a relatively large margin.With traditional fertilizer and water management
Mode is compared, and utilization rate of fertilizer can be made to improve 30%~50% with the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, efficiency of water application improves 40%~60%.
Raising liquid manure utilization efficiency, alleviation shortage of water resources, transformation agricultural hair are had become under the new situation, developing the Integration of Water into Fertilizer
The key measure of exhibition mode.Implement the Integration of Water into Fertilizer during developing the planting industry of salt-soda soil winter jujube, reduces salt-soda soil
Water, fertilizer consumption in winter jujube plantation, save natural resources, improving winter jujube planting benefit is also that this field technology to be solved is asked
Topic.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of side of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral raising winter jujube planting benefit
Method, this method are the growth and development characteristics according to winter jujube, in conjunction with salt-soda soil liquid manure feature, integrate salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, life
Object control measures and winter jujube planting technology, building " rhizosphere limitation, biological modification, liquid manure one, green prevention and control, intelligent monitoring " are planted
Training technology new system, specifically includes and 1) makes rational planning for, appropriate density；2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification；3) winter is cultivated in selection
Jujube high quality seedling；4) science plant and management；The cultural method can significantly improve growth rate of the winter jujube on salt-soda soil, and show
The quality for writing the yield and new fresh dates fruit that promote winter jujube is suitble to promote and apply in jujube tree field of planting.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned technical effect:
A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit comprising: according to soil salt content and winter jujube
Salt-tolerant threshold is made rational planning for, and is improved using biological organic fertilizer to salt-soda soil in winter, two season of spring, liquid manure is used in production process
One, the major measure of green prevention and control, in conjunction with intellectual monitoring, to realize the precision production of winter jujube.This technical system exists
Salt-soda soil winter jujube production field still belongs to pioneering.
The method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral of the present invention improves winter jujube planting benefit, specifically includes following steps
It is rapid:
1) it makes rational planning for, appropriate density:
Salt-tolerant threshold according to soil salt content and winter jujube is made rational planning for, and selects topography higher, rainy season convenient for draining ground piece into
Row culture plan, first leveling earth, then carries out scribing line planning according to plant standard before planning；
Preferably, the plant standard is 4 meters of line-spacing, 2 meters of spacing in the rows.It is transplanted according to 4 meters of line-spacings, work road can be reserved,
Convenient for mechanization management, planting density, with every 666.7m2Plant 70~90 plants be advisable, row to be designed as north and south row to；
2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification
A) winter alkaline land improving:
Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry and acid vinasse after will be decomposed be uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough soil
50cm is turned up soil with freezing；
B) spring terminates preceding alkaline land improving:
Before spring plantation, complex microbial inoculum, compound fertilizer are turned over and mixed and stirred in soil；
3) winter jujube high quality seedling is cultivated in selection
When planting winter jujube tree on salt-soda soil, robust growth, well developed root system, the high-quality nontoxic nursery stock caused harm without disease pest should be selected,
To guarantee planting survival rate, shorten " seedling-slowing stage ", it is vigorous to reach seedling growth, realizes early real, high yield, good target；
4) science plant and management
A) spring selects the winter jujube high quality seedling within lifting two days to transplant into planting hole, by mulch to centre after planting of plants
Folding ensures to be opened water supply pump with overlay tree disk and be carried out flood irrigation watering to sapling；
B) fertilizer management before result: before rudiment and mid-July respectively imposes 1 dissolved fertilizer, is applied by pressure pump, the
0.1kg/ plants, later average annual growth 0.1kg/ plants are imposed every time within 1 year；
C) nitrogen 1.5kg, the ratio of phosphorus 1kg, potassium 1.3kg fertilizer management after result: are needed according to production 100kg fresh dates after into fruiting period
Example calculates the fertilizer requirement of each tree；Fertilizer is divided into four times and applies fertilizer in growth cycle, the 1st early April, based on nitrogen phosphorus,
Promote tree body lamina of branching out, bud differentiation, the 2nd time in late June based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, promote percentage of fertile fruit, the 3rd time
In late July, based on phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, promote young fruit expand, the 4th in first time in mid-September, based on full element,
Promote tree nutrient accumulation；
D) trimming management:
Winter jujube it is tree-like according to depending on planting density, 55~100 plants per acre, preferably use coronule, dredge layer shape, keep ventilation thoroughly
Light transplants 70~80 centimetres of heading height, turns out 5~6 major branches year by year；Excessive growth should be removed in time when the winter cutting and cutting with the summer
Branch, cutting back extend branch, dredge and cut overstocked branch and thin and delicate branch, to maintain tree vigo(u)r to balance, keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, bounce back in time tediously long
Fruitful branch, make local branch rejuvenating；
E) flower and fruit management:
First is that, according to growth potential power, staying 3~5 Secondary Branch pinching respectively in first full-bloom stage jujube head pinching；Second is that spray clear water, from
Jujube flower initial stage sprays 3~5 times to full-bloom stage every the clear water of spray in 1~3 day altogether；Third is that HORMONE TREATMENT, in full blossom initial stage spraying 1
To 2 10~15 mg/litre gibberellin；Fourth is that band girdle, girdling, carry out trunk girdling, trunk diameter in full-bloom stage to young-abounding tree
Up to 5 centimetres or more, band girdle is carried out, band girdle width is 0.5~1 centimetre；The big tree of fruiting period can on trunk band girdle, firstfruits children
Tree band girdle generally on major branch is not missed with achieving the effect that result, supporting tree；Mouth is shelled preferably healing in 20 days, to reach retention
The purpose of nutrition fruit retention on tree；
F) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
It relies mainly on prevention, the policy of integrated control takes artificial control, physical control and biological control, and combines chemical control, right
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, and disease includes jujube rust, jujube fruit-shrink disease, jujube witches broom；Insect pest includes tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, jujube inchworm.
The step 2(a) in agricultural crop straw refer to the crushed material of one or more of wheat, corn, straw；Institute
Stating feces of livestock and poultry can be the mixture of one or more of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, preferably cow dung.
The step 2(a) agricultural crop straw and mass ratio when decomposed feces of livestock and poultry be 2~3:1, decomposed technique is by powder
Stalk and feces of livestock and poultry mixing after broken, adjust water content 20~30%, lactic acid bacteria of the inoculation quality than 3~5% is naturally decomposed
30d or more；
The step 2(a) in decomposed agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry amount of application be 3~5t/ mus；The acidity vinasse are applied
Dosage is 0.3~0.5t/ mus.
The step 2(a) in plough soil 45cm freeze turn up soil method are as follows: agricultural crop straw and animal dung after will be decomposed
Just and acid vinasse are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough the above depth of soil 50cm, the wide 3.5m of furrow, after sunning 3~5 days
Trench digging 35cm is deep to prevent stagnant evil in time.
The step 2(b) in complex microbial inoculum component and proportion are as follows: 4~6 parts of EM bacteria agent, bacillus laterosporus 3
~5 parts, 1~2 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 2~3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3~4 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, salt tolerance Methylotrophic gemma
1~3 part of bacillus, 10~15 parts of bentonite.
Preferably, step step 2(b) in complex microbial inoculum component and proportion are as follows: 5 parts of EM bacteria agent, side spore gemma
5 parts of bacillus, 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus 2
Part, 12 parts of bentonite.
Effective clump count of mentioned microorganism composite bacteria agent is 40~60 × 108cfu/g。
The step 2(b) in microbial bacterial agent amount of application be 20~30kg/ mus；The compound fertilizer is without ammonium ion
With the compound fertilizer of chloride ion, amount of application is 10~15kg/ mus.
The step 4(a) in by mulch to centre fold ensure also want above ground level with overlay tree disk, the mulch of two sides
50cm or more after planting of plants, folds mulch to centre, after reaching two edge contractions, can will tree disk covering, Ji Keqi
To the effect every alkali, the effect that may also function as moisturizing, heat.
The step 4(b) dissolved fertilizer be water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O≥
80g/L, algal polysaccharides >=50g/L.
The step 4(c) water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when applying fertilizer after result.
The present invention has following technical advantage compared with the existing technology:
(1) present invention integrates salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, life in conjunction with salt-soda soil liquid manure feature according to the growth and development characteristics of winter jujube
Object control measures and winter jujube planting technology, building " rhizosphere limitation, biological modification, liquid manure one, green prevention and control, intelligent monitoring " are planted
Training technology new system, the significant growth rate for improving winter jujube on salt-soda soil, and be obviously improved winter jujube yield and new fresh dates fruit
Quality, be suitble to jujube tree field of planting promote and apply；
(2) present invention solves plantation jujube tree on salt-soda soil by salt-soda soil biological modification and the Integration of Water into Fertilizer and is easy to appear
Withered situation, the liquid manure for being conducive to jujube tree in salt-soda soil are kept, and improve the survival rate of jujube tree；
(3) method of the present invention can make the growth of jujube tree rapid, and expand the result quantities of jujube tree and fresh
The quality of jujube fruit drives winter jujube plantation remarkable in economical benefits in salt-soda soil to be promoted.Wudi County beach saline land winter jujube plants result table
It is bright, 1150 kilograms of winter jujube or more can be produced per acre using the technology of the present invention, 4500 yuan of net income per mu or more, reach the non-salt-soda soil winter
90% or so of jujube planting industry；
(4) present invention makes rational planning for according to the salt-tolerant threshold of soil salt content and winter jujube, uses biological organic fertilizer in winter, two season of spring
Salt-soda soil is improved, using liquid manure one, the major measure of green prevention and control in production process, in conjunction with intellectual monitoring, thus
The precision production for realizing winter jujube, significantly reduces the use of liquid manure, compared with conventional Saline-alkali Field Control measure, saves water
30% or more, save 40% or more fertilizer；
(5) the application science composite application farmyard manure, compound fertilizer, microbial composite bacteria, dissolved fertilizer (marine alga fertilizer), micro-
Secondary element fertilizer, the yield and winter jujube quality of winter jujube have been obviously improved by the synergistic effect between fertilizer, and achieve 1+1 > 2
Technical effect, such as influence to winter jujube soluble sugar content, under same experimental conditions, winter jujube is solvable under the conditions of present invention process
Property sugared content reach 18.03%, more non-salt-soda soil control group sugar content promotes 2.71%；Soluble marine alga fertilizer group (phosphorus is not applied
It is constant with the additive amount of potassium), more non-salt-soda soil control group sugar content promotes 0.69%, studies marine alga fertilizer to winter jujube sugar content
It influences, promotes 0.92% compared with control group sugar content under same experimental conditions；The control group for not applying complex microbial inoculum is more non-
Salt-soda soil control group sugar content promotes 0.82%, studies influence of the application complex microbial inoculum to winter jujube sugar content, identical reality
0.43% is promoted compared with control group sugar content under the conditions of testing；
(6) method scheme science of the present invention, feasibility is strong, and vast jujube agricultures is suitble to promote in jujube tree plantation and management
It uses.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit, specifically include the following steps:
1) it makes rational planning for, appropriate density:
Salt-tolerant threshold according to soil salt content and winter jujube is made rational planning for, and selects topography higher, rainy season convenient for draining ground piece into
Row culture plan, first leveling earth, then carries out scribing line planning according to plant standard before planning；
Preferably, the plant standard is 4 meters of line-spacing, 2 meters of spacing in the rows.It is transplanted according to 4 meters of line-spacings, work road can be reserved,
Convenient for mechanization management, planting density, with every 666.7m2Plant 90 plants, row to be designed as north and south row to；
2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification
A) winter alkaline land improving:
Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry and acid vinasse after will be decomposed be uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough soil
50cm is turned up soil with freezing；Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry amount of application after wherein decomposed are 4t/ mus；The amount of application of acid vinasse is
0.4t/ mus；The mass ratio when agricultural crop straw and decomposed feces of livestock and poultry is 2.5:1, and decomposed technique is by smashed straw
Stalk and feces of livestock and poultry mixing, adjustment water content is 20~30%, lactic acid bacteria of the inoculation quality than 4%, naturally decomposed 30d or more, agriculture
Crop material is corn stover, feces of livestock and poultry selection cow dung；
B) spring terminates preceding alkaline land improving:
Before spring plantation, complex microbial inoculum, compound fertilizer are turned over and mixed and stirred in soil；The wherein amount of application of microbial bacterial agent
Be 25kg/ mus, component and proportion are as follows: 5 parts of EM bacteria agent, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium,
3 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 2 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 12 parts of bentonite, effective clump count be 40~60 ×
108cfu/g；Compound fertilizer is the compound fertilizer without ammonium ion and chloride ion, and amount of application is 12kg/ mus；
3) winter jujube high quality seedling is cultivated in selection
When planting winter jujube tree on salt-soda soil, robust growth, well developed root system, the high-quality nontoxic nursery stock caused harm without disease pest should be selected,
To guarantee planting survival rate, shorten " seedling-slowing stage ", it is vigorous to reach seedling growth, realizes early real, high yield, good target；
4) science plant and management
A) spring selects the winter jujube high quality seedling within lifting two days to transplant into planting hole, by mulch to centre after planting of plants
Folding ensures to be opened water supply pump with overlay tree disk and be carried out flood irrigation watering to sapling；
B) fertilizer management before result: before rudiment and mid-July respectively imposes 1 dissolved fertilizer, is applied by pressure pump, the
0.1kg/ plants, later average annual growth 0.1kg/ plants are imposed every time within 1 year；The dissolved fertilizer is water soluble algae fertilizer, product
Organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, algal polysaccharides >=50g/L；
C) nitrogen 1.5kg, the ratio of phosphorus 1kg, potassium 1.3kg fertilizer management after result: are needed according to production 100kg fresh dates after into fruiting period
Example calculates the fertilizer requirement of each tree；Fertilizer is divided into four times and applies fertilizer in growth cycle, the 1st early April, based on nitrogen phosphorus,
Promote tree body lamina of branching out, bud differentiation, the 2nd time in late June based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, promote percentage of fertile fruit, the 3rd time
In late July, based on phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, promote young fruit expand, the 4th in first time in mid-September, based on full element,
Promote tree nutrient accumulation；
D) trimming management:
The tree-like of winter jujube using coronule, dredges layer shape according to depending on planting density, keeps ventilation and penetrating light, and plant heading height 70~
80 centimetres, 5~6 major branches are turned out year by year；The branch of excessive growth should be removed in time when the winter cutting and cutting with the summer, cutting back extends branch, dredges and cut
Close branch and thin and delicate branch keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, bounce back interminable fruitful branch in time, makes local branch to maintain tree vigo(u)r to balance
Rejuvenating；
E) flower and fruit management:
First is that, according to growth potential power, staying 3~5 Secondary Branch pinching respectively in first full-bloom stage jujube head pinching；Second is that spray clear water, from
Jujube flower initial stage sprays 3~5 times to full-bloom stage every the clear water of spray in 1~3 day altogether；Third is that HORMONE TREATMENT, in full blossom initial stage spraying 1
To 2 10~15 mg/litre gibberellin；Fourth is that band girdle, girdling, carry out trunk girdling, trunk diameter in full-bloom stage to young-abounding tree
Up to 5 centimetres or more, band girdle is carried out, band girdle width is 0.5~1 centimetre；The big tree of fruiting period can on trunk band girdle, firstfruits children
Tree band girdle generally on major branch is not missed with achieving the effect that result, supporting tree；Mouth is shelled preferably healing in 20 days, to reach retention
The purpose of nutrition fruit retention on tree；
F) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
It relies mainly on prevention, the policy of integrated control takes artificial control, physical control and biological control, and combines chemical control, right
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, and disease includes jujube rust, jujube fruit-shrink disease, jujube witches broom；Insect pest includes tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, jujube inchworm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit, specifically include the following steps:
1) it makes rational planning for, appropriate density:
Salt-tolerant threshold according to soil salt content and winter jujube is made rational planning for, and selects topography higher, rainy season convenient for draining ground piece into
Row culture plan, first leveling earth, then carries out scribing line planning according to plant standard before planning；
Preferably, the plant standard is 4 meters of line-spacing, 2 meters of spacing in the rows.It is transplanted according to 4 meters of line-spacings, work road can be reserved,
Convenient for mechanization management, planting density, with every 666.7m2Plant 90 plants, row to be designed as north and south row to；
2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification
A) winter alkaline land improving:
Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry and acid vinasse after will be decomposed be uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough soil
50cm is turned up soil with freezing；Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry amount of application after wherein decomposed are 4t/ mus, and the amount of application of acid vinasse is
0.4t/ mus；The mass ratio when agricultural crop straw and decomposed feces of livestock and poultry is 2.5:1, and decomposed technique is by smashed straw
Stalk and feces of livestock and poultry mixing, adjustment water content is 20~30%, lactic acid bacteria of the inoculation quality than 4%, naturally decomposed 30d or more, agriculture
Crop material is corn stover, feces of livestock and poultry selection cow dung；
B) spring terminates preceding alkaline land improving:
Before spring plantation, complex microbial inoculum, compound fertilizer are turned over and mixed and stirred in soil；The wherein amount of application of microbial bacterial agent
Be 25kg/ mus, component and proportion are as follows: 4 parts of EM bacteria agent, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 1 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium,
3 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 3 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 10 parts of bentonite, effective clump count be 40~60 ×
108cfu/g；Compound fertilizer is the compound fertilizer without ammonium ion and chloride ion, and amount of application is 12kg/ mus；
3) winter jujube high quality seedling is cultivated in selection
When planting winter jujube tree on salt-soda soil, robust growth, well developed root system, the high-quality nontoxic nursery stock caused harm without disease pest should be selected,
To guarantee planting survival rate, shorten " seedling-slowing stage ", it is vigorous to reach seedling growth, realizes early real, high yield, good target；
4) science plant and management
A) spring selects the winter jujube high quality seedling within lifting two days to transplant into planting hole, by mulch to centre after planting of plants
Folding ensures to be opened water supply pump with overlay tree disk and be carried out flood irrigation watering to sapling；
B) fertilizer management before result: before rudiment and mid-July respectively imposes 1 dissolved fertilizer, is applied by pressure pump, the
0.1kg/ plants, later average annual growth 0.1kg/ plants are imposed every time within 1 year；The dissolved fertilizer is water soluble algae fertilizer, product
Organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, algal polysaccharides >=50g/L；
C) nitrogen 1.5kg, the ratio of phosphorus 1kg, potassium 1.3kg fertilizer management after result: are needed according to production 100kg fresh dates after into fruiting period
Example calculates the fertilizer requirement of each tree；Fertilizer is divided into four times and applies fertilizer in growth cycle, the 1st early April, based on nitrogen phosphorus,
Promote tree body lamina of branching out, bud differentiation, the 2nd time in late June based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, promote percentage of fertile fruit, the 3rd time
In late July, based on phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, promote young fruit expand, the 4th in first time in mid-September, based on full element,
Promote tree nutrient accumulation；
D) trimming management:
The tree-like of winter jujube using coronule, dredges layer shape according to depending on planting density, keeps ventilation and penetrating light, and plant heading height 70~
80 centimetres, 5~6 major branches are turned out year by year；The branch of excessive growth should be removed in time when the winter cutting and cutting with the summer, cutting back extends branch, dredges and cut
Close branch and thin and delicate branch keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, bounce back interminable fruitful branch in time, makes local branch to maintain tree vigo(u)r to balance
Rejuvenating；
E) flower and fruit management:
First is that, according to growth potential power, staying 3~5 Secondary Branch pinching respectively in first full-bloom stage jujube head pinching；Second is that spray clear water, from
Jujube flower initial stage sprays 3~5 times to full-bloom stage every the clear water of spray in 1~3 day altogether；Third is that HORMONE TREATMENT, in full blossom initial stage spraying 1
To 2 10~15 mg/litre gibberellin；Fourth is that band girdle, girdling, carry out trunk girdling, trunk diameter in full-bloom stage to young-abounding tree
Up to 5 centimetres or more, band girdle is carried out, band girdle width is 0.5~1 centimetre；The big tree of fruiting period can on trunk band girdle, firstfruits children
Tree band girdle generally on major branch is not missed with achieving the effect that result, supporting tree；Mouth is shelled preferably healing in 20 days, to reach retention
The purpose of nutrition fruit retention on tree；
F) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
It relies mainly on prevention, the policy of integrated control takes artificial control, physical control and biological control, and combines chemical control, right
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, and disease includes jujube rust, jujube fruit-shrink disease, jujube witches broom；Insect pest includes tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, jujube inchworm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit, specifically include the following steps:
1) it makes rational planning for, appropriate density:
Salt-tolerant threshold according to soil salt content and winter jujube is made rational planning for, and selects topography higher, rainy season convenient for draining ground piece into
Row culture plan, first leveling earth, then carries out scribing line planning according to plant standard before planning；
Preferably, the plant standard is 4 meters of line-spacing, 2 meters of spacing in the rows.It is transplanted according to 4 meters of line-spacings, work road can be reserved,
Convenient for mechanization management, planting density, with every 666.7m2Plant 90 plants, row to be designed as north and south row to；
2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification
A) winter alkaline land improving:
Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry and acid vinasse after will be decomposed be uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough soil
50cm is turned up soil with freezing；Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry amount of application after wherein decomposed are 4t/ mus, and the amount of application of acid vinasse is
0.4t/ mus；The mass ratio when agricultural crop straw and decomposed feces of livestock and poultry is 2.5:1, and decomposed technique is by smashed straw
Stalk and feces of livestock and poultry mixing, adjustment water content is 20~30%, lactic acid bacteria of the inoculation quality than 4%, naturally decomposed 30d or more, agriculture
Crop material is corn stover, feces of livestock and poultry selection cow dung；
B) spring terminates preceding alkaline land improving:
Before spring plantation, complex microbial inoculum, compound fertilizer are turned over and mixed and stirred in soil；The wherein amount of application of microbial bacterial agent
Be 25kg/ mus, component and proportion are as follows: 6 parts of EM bacteria agent, 3 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 2 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 2 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium,
4 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 1 part of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 15 parts of bentonite, effective clump count be 40~60 ×
108cfu/g；Compound fertilizer is the compound fertilizer without ammonium ion and chloride ion, and amount of application is 12kg/ mus；
3) winter jujube high quality seedling is cultivated in selection
When planting winter jujube tree on salt-soda soil, robust growth, well developed root system, the high-quality nontoxic nursery stock caused harm without disease pest should be selected,
To guarantee planting survival rate, shorten " seedling-slowing stage ", it is vigorous to reach seedling growth, realizes early real, high yield, good target；
4) science plant and management
A) spring selects the winter jujube high quality seedling within lifting two days to transplant into planting hole, by mulch to centre after planting of plants
Folding ensures to be opened water supply pump with overlay tree disk and be carried out flood irrigation watering to sapling；
B) fertilizer management before result: before rudiment and mid-July respectively imposes 1 dissolved fertilizer, is applied by pressure pump, the
0.1kg/ plants, later average annual growth 0.1kg/ plants are imposed every time within 1 year；The dissolved fertilizer is water soluble algae fertilizer, product
Organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, algal polysaccharides >=50g/L；
C) nitrogen 1.5kg, the ratio of phosphorus 1kg, potassium 1.3kg fertilizer management after result: are needed according to production 100kg fresh dates after into fruiting period
Example calculates the fertilizer requirement of each tree；Fertilizer is divided into four times and applies fertilizer in growth cycle, the 1st early April, based on nitrogen phosphorus,
Promote tree body lamina of branching out, bud differentiation, the 2nd time in late June based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, promote percentage of fertile fruit, the 3rd time
In late July, based on phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, promote young fruit expand, the 4th in first time in mid-September, based on full element,
Promote tree nutrient accumulation；
D) trimming management:
The tree-like of winter jujube using coronule, dredges layer shape according to depending on planting density, keeps ventilation and penetrating light, and plant heading height 70~
80 centimetres, 5~6 major branches are turned out year by year；The branch of excessive growth should be removed in time when the winter cutting and cutting with the summer, cutting back extends branch, dredges and cut
Close branch and thin and delicate branch keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, bounce back interminable fruitful branch in time, makes local branch to maintain tree vigo(u)r to balance
Rejuvenating；
E) flower and fruit management:
First is that, according to growth potential power, staying 3~5 Secondary Branch pinching respectively in first full-bloom stage jujube head pinching；Second is that spray clear water, from
Jujube flower initial stage sprays 3~5 times to full-bloom stage every the clear water of spray in 1~3 day altogether；Third is that HORMONE TREATMENT, in full blossom initial stage spraying 1
To 2 10~15 mg/litre gibberellin；Fourth is that band girdle, girdling, carry out trunk girdling, trunk diameter in full-bloom stage to young-abounding tree
Up to 5 centimetres or more, band girdle is carried out, band girdle width is 0.5~1 centimetre；The big tree of fruiting period can on trunk band girdle, firstfruits children
Tree band girdle generally on major branch is not missed with achieving the effect that result, supporting tree；Mouth is shelled preferably healing in 20 days, to reach retention
The purpose of nutrition fruit retention on tree；
F) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
It relies mainly on prevention, the policy of integrated control takes artificial control, physical control and biological control, and combines chemical control, right
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, and disease includes jujube rust, jujube fruit-shrink disease, jujube witches broom；Insect pest includes tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, jujube inchworm.
Embodiment 4:
The yield and nutrient quality of different cultivation technique winter jujubes are measured, wherein control group is non-salt-soda soil same breed, identical tree
The winter jujube tree in age, routinely cultivation technique is planted；Embodiment 1-3 group is respectively according to the cultivation technique in embodiment 1-3；Model pair
According to group according to patent CN106305080A technology；Experimental result is as follows:
It can be found that under present invention process, salt-soda soil winter jujube product exceeds or close to non-salt-soda soil more above-mentioned experimental result
Yield of winter jujubes, nutrient quality has to be promoted by a relatively large margin, and is changed technique and had a significant impact to yield of winter jujubes and nutrient quality.It is comprehensive
Composition and division in a proportion is compared with embodiment 1 is most preferred embodiment.
The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
It applies example to be described in detail to by invention, but for those of ordinary skill in the art, it still can be to aforementioned reality
Technical solution documented by example is applied to modify or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And to these modifications
Or replacement, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit, it is characterised in that specifically include the following steps:
1) it makes rational planning for, appropriate density:
Salt-tolerant threshold according to soil salt content and winter jujube is made rational planning for, and selects topography higher, rainy season convenient for draining ground piece into
Row culture plan, first leveling earth, then carries out scribing line planning according to plant standard before planning；
Preferably, the plant standard is 4 meters of line-spacing, 2 meters of spacing in the rows.It is transplanted according to 4 meters of line-spacings, work road can be reserved,
Convenient for mechanization management, planting density, with every 666.7m2Plant 70~90 plants be advisable, row to be designed as north and south row to；
2) Winter-Spring salt-soda soil biological modification
A) winter alkaline land improving:
Agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry and acid vinasse after will be decomposed be uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough soil
50cm is turned up soil with freezing；
B) spring terminates preceding alkaline land improving:
Before spring plantation, complex microbial inoculum, compound fertilizer are turned over and mixed and stirred in soil；
3) winter jujube high quality seedling is cultivated in selection
When planting winter jujube tree on salt-soda soil, robust growth, well developed root system, the high-quality nontoxic nursery stock caused harm without disease pest should be selected,
To guarantee planting survival rate, shorten " seedling-slowing stage ", it is vigorous to reach seedling growth, realizes early real, high yield, good target；
4) science plant and management
A) spring selects the winter jujube high quality seedling within lifting two days to transplant into planting hole, by mulch to centre after planting of plants
Folding ensures to be opened water supply pump with overlay tree disk and be carried out flood irrigation watering to sapling；
B) fertilizer management before result: before rudiment and mid-July respectively imposes 1 dissolved fertilizer, is applied by pressure pump, the
0.1kg/ plants, later average annual growth 0.1kg/ plants are imposed every time within 1 year；
C) nitrogen 1.5kg, the ratio of phosphorus 1kg, potassium 1.3kg fertilizer management after result: are needed according to production 100kg fresh dates after into fruiting period
Example calculates the fertilizer requirement of each tree；Fertilizer is divided into four times and applies fertilizer in growth cycle, the 1st early April, based on nitrogen phosphorus,
Promote tree body lamina of branching out, bud differentiation, the 2nd time in late June based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, promote percentage of fertile fruit, the 3rd time
In late July, based on phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, promote young fruit expand, the 4th in first time in mid-September, based on full element,
Promote tree nutrient accumulation；
D) trimming management:
Winter jujube it is tree-like according to depending on planting density, 55~100 plants per acre, preferably use coronule, dredge layer shape, keep ventilation thoroughly
Light transplants 70~80 centimetres of heading height, turns out 5~6 major branches year by year；Excessive growth should be removed in time when the winter cutting and cutting with the summer
Branch, cutting back extend branch, dredge and cut overstocked branch and thin and delicate branch, to maintain tree vigo(u)r to balance, keep tree crown ventilation and penetrating light, bounce back in time tediously long
Fruitful branch, make local branch rejuvenating；
E) flower and fruit management:
First is that, according to growth potential power, staying 3~5 Secondary Branch pinching respectively in first full-bloom stage jujube head pinching；Second is that spray clear water, from
Jujube flower initial stage sprays 3~5 times to full-bloom stage every the clear water of spray in 1~3 day altogether；Third is that HORMONE TREATMENT, in full blossom initial stage spraying 1
To 2 10~15 mg/litre gibberellin；Fourth is that band girdle, girdling, carry out trunk girdling, trunk diameter in full-bloom stage to young-abounding tree
Up to 5 centimetres or more, band girdle is carried out, band girdle width is 0.5~1 centimetre；The big tree of fruiting period can on trunk band girdle, firstfruits children
Tree band girdle generally on major branch is not missed with achieving the effect that result, supporting tree；Mouth is shelled preferably healing in 20 days, to reach retention
The purpose of nutrition fruit retention on tree；
F) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
It relies mainly on prevention, the policy of integrated control takes artificial control, physical control and biological control, and combines chemical control, right
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated, and disease includes jujube rust, jujube fruit-shrink disease, jujube witches broom；Insect pest includes tetranychid, small heart-eating peach worm, jujube inchworm.
2. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In the step 2(a) in agricultural crop straw refer to the crushed material of one or more of wheat, corn, straw；The livestock and poultry
Excrement can be the mixture of one or more of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement, goose excrement, preferably cow dung.
3. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 to 2 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature
It is the step 2(a) agricultural crop straw and mass ratio when decomposed feces of livestock and poultry be 2~3:1, decomposed technique is after crushing
Stalk and feces of livestock and poultry mixing, adjustment water content is 20~30%, lactic acid bacteria of the inoculation quality than 3~5%, naturally decomposed 30d
More than.
4. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In the step 2(a) in decomposed agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry amount of application be 3~5t/ mus；The application of the acidity vinasse
Amount is 0.3~0.5t/ mus.
5. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In the step 2(a) in plough soil 45cm freeze turn up soil method are as follows: agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry and acid after will be decomposed
Property vinasse uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil layer surface, then plough the above depth of soil 50cm, the wide 3.5m of furrow, sunning is opened in time after 3~5 days
Ditch 35cm is deep to prevent stagnant evil.
6. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In the step 2(b) in complex microbial inoculum component and proportion are as follows: 4~6 parts of EM bacteria agent, 3~5 parts of bacillus laterosporus,
1~2 part of photosynthetic bacteria, 2~3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3~4 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus 1
~3 parts, 10~15 parts of bentonite.
7. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In step step 2(b) in complex microbial inoculum component and proportion are as follows: it is 5 parts of EM bacteria agent, 5 parts of bacillus laterosporus, photosynthetic thin
1 part of bacterium, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 2 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 12 parts of bentonite.
8. a kind of according to claim 1, method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit described in 6,7, special
Sign is that effective clump count of the complex microbial inoculum is 40~60 × 108cfu/g。
9. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In the step 2(b) in microbial bacterial agent amount of application be 20~30kg/ mus；The compound fertilizer be without ammonium ion and chlorine from
The compound fertilizer of son, amount of application are 10~15kg/ mus.
10. the method that a kind of salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral according to claim 1 improves winter jujube planting benefit, feature exist
In the step 4(b) dissolved fertilizer be water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, sea
Polysaccharides >=50g/L；The step 4(c) water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when applying fertilizer after result.
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| CN111492876A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-08-07 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Forest and grass optimal configuration method for repairing middle and young degraded protection forest in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112390689A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-02-23 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Special winter jujube compound fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112390689A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-02-23 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Special winter jujube compound fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil and preparation method and application thereof |
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