CN107700253A - 一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,属于芳纶纤维纺织生产技术领域。本发明以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,通过氢氧化钠及精炼剂处理后,进行层流等离子或者微波处理,再添加一定浓度的染色载体、染色剂及助染剂,在一定条件下染色,并经过后期的整理液处理,得到染色牢度高、颜色鲜艳的芳纶1414纤维,达到市场需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维的染色方法,具体的,涉及一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,属于芳纶生产技术领域。
背景技术
芳纶1414,其化学名称为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(英文名称简称PPTA)。芳纶分子结构是伸直链模型,有高取向、高结晶的特点,它还是已工业化的高性能增强纤维中唯一的有机纤维,也是在高性能复合材料中用量仅次于碳纤维的另一 种使用最多的高性能纤维。芳纶1414作为高性能纤维和复合材料在航天、航空、交通、通讯等领域获得了广泛的应用,其主要应用于汽车轮胎帘子布,防弹材料、防刺与防切割材料和摩擦材料,近年来致力于开发以耐热、安全防护服为主的衣料领域新用途,研究开发抗静电、高耐燃性、抗污染、耐气候性等多功能纤维, 已形成保护性用材料领域的新市场。由于其优异的综合性能,可加工成各种形态得纺织品、纸、纤维增强复合材料等制品,应用领域从军事工业发展到国际民生的各个领域,已成为产业用纤维材料发展最快的高性能纤维。
据有关资料,到2005年我国需求量将超过2kt/a以上,其主要用途及需求量为:(1)通讯电缆增强用纤维约200t/a;(2)高压贮罐用增强纤维约200t/a;(3)高强度绳、缆约200t/a;(4)防弹衣、头盔、护膝200-300t/a;(5)高压容器用增强纤维约200t/a;(6)芳纶浆粕(代替短纤维石棉、橡胶塑料增强用纤维)将超过300t/a;(7)军用特种芳纶50t/a;(8)煤矿、港口用阻燃运输带约100-200t/a;(9)体育用品(赛艇、游艇、球拍等)约200t/a;(10)高级轿车、矿山载重车轮胎帘子线约200k/a;此外,在特种耐高温薄膜、纸、印刷电路基板、低线胀系数材料、芳纶/铝复合板材等方面均有着较好的应用前景。在目前我国芳纶应用领域新建一套芳纶1414生产装置,主要用于生产国内尚处于空白和市场急需的品种、牌号,缓解国内芳纶的供需矛盾,不但可以减少进口、节约外汇,还可争取打入国际市场出口创汇。但由于芳纶纤维的玻璃化转变温度高达275℃,染色困难,日晒牢度差,因此,急需一套成熟的染色技术以满足市场需求。
2009年1月04日公开了一种公开号为CN101570940,专利名称为”一种芳纶纤维的改性、染色及多功能复合整理的方法 ”的发明专利,该专利通过对芳纶纤维进行表面物理、化学改性,改善芳纶纤维表面的物理和化学状态,利于芳纶纤维的染色以及后整理。具体工艺流程包括:芳纶纤维染色前的清洗,芳纶纤维预处理,芳纶纤维染色,芳纶纤维的多功能复合整理。通过该方法所处理的芳纶纤维,不仅染色性能得到了较明显的改善,且其染色牢度也很好,特别是在赋予芳纶纤维良好抗紫外老化功能的同时还具备良好的吸湿透气性能。此外,采用纳米复合溶胶对芳纶纤维进行复合整理,适用性广,工艺简单,处理成本相对较低,对应用的技术和设备要求不高。
2012年07月04日公开了一种公开号为CN102535196A,专利名称为“芳纶1414的染色方法”的发明专利,该专利包括如下步骤:芳纶1414纤维加入精炼剂去除芳纶油剂,在50-70℃下处理,取出后水洗烘干;烘干后的芳纶1414,在40-70℃的染色载体中处理;处理后的芳纶1414中加入染液,温度130-135℃,保温60-120min,所述染液中含有染料和促染剂;染色后的芳纶1414用皂洗剂在40-80℃处理。本发明的芳纶1414的染色方法染色牢度高,颜色鲜艳,同时染色水洗牢度和摩擦牢度达到要求。
发明内容
本发明旨在解决现有技术问题,而提供一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,固色好,颜色鲜艳,满足市场需求。
为了实现上述技术目的,提出如下的技术方案:
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠8.5-9g/L和精炼剂10-13g/L,在95-110℃条件下,处理20-25min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率120-150 KW,及温度10000-15000K的条件下,处理2-5min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率100-120 KW,及压强20-30Pa条件下,处理5-10min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于45-55℃的染色载体中,处理5-10min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为4.5-6.5%的染色剂和浓度为45-65g/L的助染剂,在pH4-6及温度120-140℃的条件下,染色50-65min;排出染液,用浓度为2-4g/L的皂液在50-60℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡60-110min,烘干,包装。
进一步的,在A步骤中,氢氧化钠与精炼剂之间以1比3-7配制为碱洗浴,芳纶1414纤维与碱洗浴质量比为1∶35-40。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色载体浓度为65-75mL/L。
进一步的,所述染色载体为分散型载体,包括对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色剂为分散深蓝HGL、分散橙4RL或分散艳蓝2BLN。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述助染剂包括助染剂D。
进一步的,在D步骤中,所述整理液包括吸湿透气整理剂5-8g/L和浓度为1.0-2.0mol/L的复合溶胶。吸湿透气整理剂包括有机硅类亲水整理剂、环氧树脂型亲水整理剂及聚醚嵌段共聚物中的一种或多种,复合溶胶包括TiO2溶胶、ZnO溶胶及SiO2溶胶中的一种或多种。
采用本技术方案,带来的有益技术效果为:
1)在本发明中,解决现有技术问题,而提供一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,固色好,颜色鲜艳,满足市场需求。本方法以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,通过氢氧化钠及精炼剂处理后,进行层流等离子或者微波处理,再添加一定浓度的染色载体、染色剂及助染剂,在一定条件下染色,并经过后期的整理液处理,得到染色牢度高、颜色鲜艳的芳纶1414纤维,达到市场需求;
2)在本发明中,以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,氧漂处理通过在水溶液中经过过羟离子游离出活性氧而产生漂白作用,漂白较温和,一般不会损伤织物,可令白色或有色织物漂白后色泽更亮丽,有较好的漂白作用和杀菌作用;
3)在本发明中,碱改性处理法,提高芳纶1414纤维的分散染料染色的得色量。精炼剂主要是用于清除碱洗浴内部的氢和浮游的氧化夹渣,使碱洗浴更纯净,并兼有清渣剂的作用;
4)在本发明中,芳纶1414纤维经过层流等离子或微波处理,有助于后续的染色,以及增加着色牢度;
5)在本发明中,染色载体为分散型载体,包括对苯二甲酸二甲酯,对苯二甲酸二甲酯水溶性较小,用量不大就可维持载体溶液饱和状态,匀染效果很好。将芳纶1414纤维置于45-55℃的染色载体中,染浴中溶解的染料浓度就增加,上染速度也将随之增加。采用助剂染色,能够破坏芳纶大分子之间的氢键,使织物分子之间的间隙增大,降低芳纶分子间的范德华力,有利于染料进入纤维内部而显著提高染料的上染率;经DSC分析发现:芳纶用助染剂D处理前后的玻璃化温度由273℃降低至97℃,原因为织物的无定形区受助染剂D作用,链段的自由度增大,大分子链的运动方式有可能是链段的长程运动,从而使芳纶-Nomex的玻璃化温度降低。经红外光谱分析发现,芳纶织物经过助染剂D处理后,芳纶纤维上的吸收峰发生了变化,表明助染剂D在纤维上有吸附;未处理芳纶-Nomex纤维表面十分光滑,经过助染剂D处理后,纤维表面粗糙可能是助染剂D在纤维表面吸附所致;
6)在本发明中,将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡60-110min,使得染色后的芳纶1414纤维适用性广。该工艺简单,处理成本相对较低,对应用的技术和设备要求不高,在赋予芳纶纤维良好抗紫外老化功能的同时,还具备良好的吸湿透气性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠8.5g/L和精炼剂10g/L,在95℃条件下,处理20min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率120KW,及温度10000K的条件下,处理2min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率100 KW,及压强20Pa条件下,处理5min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于45℃的染色载体中,处理5min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为4.5%的染色剂和浓度为45g/L的助染剂,在pH4及温度120℃的条件下,染色50min;排出染液,用浓度为2g/L的皂液在50℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡60min,烘干,包装。
实施例2
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠9g/L和精炼剂3g/L,在110℃条件下,处理25min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率150 KW,及温度15000K的条件下,处理5min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率120 KW,及压强30Pa条件下,处理10min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于55℃的染色载体中,处理10min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为6.5%的染色剂和浓度为65g/L的助染剂,在pH6及温度140℃的条件下,染色65min;排出染液,用浓度为4g/L的皂液在60℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡110min,烘干,包装。
实施例3
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠8.8g/L和精炼剂12g/L,在100℃条件下,处理23min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率135 KW,及温度13000K的条件下,处理4min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率110 KW,及压强25Pa条件下,处理8min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于48℃的染色载体中,处理8min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为5.5%的染色剂和浓度为53g/L的助染剂,在pH5及温度130℃的条件下,染色58min;排出染液,用浓度为3g/L的皂液在55℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡80min,烘干,包装。
实施例4
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠8.5g/L和精炼剂10g/L,在95℃条件下,处理20min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率120KW,及温度10000K的条件下,处理2min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率100 KW,及压强20Pa条件下,处理5min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于45℃的染色载体中,处理5min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为4.5%的染色剂和浓度为45g/L的助染剂,在pH4及温度120℃的条件下,染色50min;排出染液,用浓度为2g/L的皂液在50℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡60min,烘干,包装。
进一步的,在A步骤中,氢氧化钠与精炼剂之间以1比3配制为碱洗浴,芳纶1414纤维与碱洗浴质量比为1∶35。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色载体浓度为70mL/L。
进一步的,所述染色载体为分散型载体,包括对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色剂为分散深蓝HGL。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述助染剂包括助染剂D。
进一步的,在D步骤中,所述整理液包括吸湿透气整理剂5g/L和浓度为1.0mol/L的复合溶胶。吸湿透气整理剂为有机硅类亲水整理剂,复合溶胶为TiO2溶胶。
实施例5
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠9g/L和精炼剂3g/L,在110℃条件下,处理25min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率150 KW,及温度15000K的条件下,处理5min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率120 KW,及压强30Pa条件下,处理10min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于55℃的染色载体中,处理10min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为6.5%的染色剂和浓度为65g/L的助染剂,在pH6及温度140℃的条件下,染色65min;排出染液,用浓度为4g/L的皂液在60℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡110min,烘干,包装。
进一步的,在A步骤中,氢氧化钠与精炼剂之间以1比7配制为碱洗浴,芳纶1414纤维与碱洗浴质量比为1∶40。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色载体浓度为5mL/L。
进一步的,所述染色载体为分散型载体,包括对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色剂为分散橙4RL。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述助染剂为助染剂D。
进一步的,在D步骤中,所述整理液包括吸湿透气整理剂8g/L和浓度为2.0mol/L的复合溶胶。吸湿透气整理剂为环氧树脂型亲水整理剂与聚醚嵌段共聚物的混合,复合溶胶为TiO2溶胶和ZnO溶胶的混合。
实施例6
一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,是以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠8.8g/L和精炼剂12g/L,在100℃条件下,处理23min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率135 KW,及温度13000K的条件下,处理4min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率110 KW,及压强25Pa条件下,处理8min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于48℃的染色载体中,处理8min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为5.5%的染色剂和浓度为53g/L的助染剂,在pH5及温度130℃的条件下,染色58min;排出染液,用浓度为3g/L的皂液在55℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡80min,烘干,包装。
进一步的,在A步骤中,氢氧化钠与精炼剂之间以1比5配制为碱洗浴,芳纶1414纤维与碱洗浴质量比为1∶38。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色载体浓度为65mL/L。
进一步的,所述染色载体为分散型载体,为对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述染色剂为分散艳蓝2BLN。
进一步的,在C步骤中,所述助染剂为助染剂D。
进一步的,在D步骤中,所述整理液为吸湿透气整理剂6g/L和浓度为1.5mol/L的复合溶胶。吸湿透气整理剂为环氧树脂型亲水整理剂,复合溶胶为ZnO溶胶和SiO2溶胶的混合。
Claims (7)
1.一种芳纶1414纤维的染色方法,其特征在于,以氧漂后的芳纶1414纤维为原料,包括如下步骤:
A.预处理:在芳纶1414纤维中加入氢氧化钠8.5-9g/L和精炼剂10-13g/L,在95-110℃条件下,处理20-25min,然后水洗,烘干;
B.将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于层流等离子发生器中,在功率120-150 KW,及温度10000-15000K的条件下,处理2-5min;
或者,将A步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于微波发生器中,在功率100-120 KW,及压强20-30Pa条件下,处理5-10min;
C.染色处理
将B步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于45-55℃的染色载体中,处理5-10min;然后逐步向染浴中加入质量浓度为4.5-6.5%的染色剂和浓度为45-65g/L的助染剂,在pH4-6及温度120-140℃的条件下,染色50-65min;排出染液,用浓度为2-4g/L的皂液在50-60℃条件下清洗,清洗后将芳纶1414纤维取出,烘干;
D,后处理
将C步骤处理后的芳纶1414纤维置于整理液中,浸泡60-110min,烘干,包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的染色方法,其特征在于,在A步骤中,氢氧化钠与精炼剂以1:3-7配制为碱洗浴,芳纶1414纤维与碱洗浴质量比为1∶35-40。
3.根据权利要求1所述的染色方法,其特征在于,在C步骤中,所述染色载体浓度为65-75mL/L。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的染色方法,其特征在于,所述染色载体为分散型载体,包括对苯二甲酸二甲酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的染色方法,其特征在于,在C步骤中,所述染色剂为分散深蓝HGL、分散橙4RL或分散艳蓝2BLN。
6.根据权利要求1所述的染色方法,其特征在于,在C步骤中,所述助染剂包括助染剂D。
7.根据权利要求1所述的染色方法,其特征在于,在D步骤中,所述整理液包括吸湿透气整理剂5-8g/L和浓度为1.0-2.0mol/L的复合溶胶。
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