CN1072333C - 轴承装置 - Google Patents

轴承装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1072333C
CN1072333C CN96110629A CN96110629A CN1072333C CN 1072333 C CN1072333 C CN 1072333C CN 96110629 A CN96110629 A CN 96110629A CN 96110629 A CN96110629 A CN 96110629A CN 1072333 C CN1072333 C CN 1072333C
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China
Prior art keywords
oil
bearing
porous
lubricating grease
solid resin
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN96110629A
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English (en)
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CN1147605A (zh
Inventor
森夏比古
渡边靖之
山本康裕
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NTN Corp
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NTN Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP08976096A external-priority patent/JP3754487B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP10787996A external-priority patent/JPH0988960A/ja
Priority claimed from JP10787396A external-priority patent/JPH0988959A/ja
Application filed by NTN Corp filed Critical NTN Corp
Publication of CN1147605A publication Critical patent/CN1147605A/zh
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Publication of CN1072333C publication Critical patent/CN1072333C/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/50—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing silicon
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/102—Construction relative to lubrication with grease as lubricant
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2205/026—Butene
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    • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
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    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C10M2229/025—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones used as base material
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Abstract

一种轴承装置，其中多孔体设有轴承面5a，它与要支承的轴3的滑动表面滑动接触，而浸有润滑油或润滑脂的浸油轴承5和固体树脂润滑件7接触，该润滑件7有一合成树脂基体，其中分散及保持着润滑剂。

Description

轴承装置
本发明涉及轴承装置，包括一由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触。
呈烧结合金之类的多孔体形式的多孔浸油轴承设有轴承面，要支承的轴的滑动表面在其上滑动，并且浸有润滑油(或润滑脂)，该轴承的特点是通过随着轴承表面和轴的滑动表面之间相对的滑动运动而产生的吸填作用使保持在轴承内的孔的油在轴承内与轴承间隙之间循环。但是在高温环境连续操作时，由于热膨胀和产生的压力引起油的运动而不可避免有或多或少量的油损失。例如从轴承端表面漏出的油沿着外壳流，通过轴承间隙漏出的油沿着轴流动，或者还有类似的现象。如果油从轴承内流出，空气流入孔中，结果空气和油以混合状态循环，因此使在轴承间隙中油膜形成范围变窄。
特别，轴常是垂直设置的，并装在如激光打印机电动机之类的在高到10000rpm左右的转速下工作，有重力及离心力的影响，油的向下运动成为一个问题。如图5(a)所示，例如从上轴承20a的下端面20a1漏出的油部分通过毛细现象返回到轴承内部，但是粘到外壳的油沿着外壳向下流出。从轴承间隙漏出的油被离心力吹掉。这种油的外流成为一对垂直间隔的轴承20a,20b的上轴承20a的问题。另外，如图6(b)中所示的轴向风扇之类的装置，由于止推负荷被轴承20的端面和由卡环22卡住的止推垫片21之间的滑动运动支承着，抛到转动垫片外的油会流出轴承。
作为针对从轴承内流出油的问题，考虑提供一个供油机构。作为供油机构，已知一种装置，其中设置浸油毡(纤维供油件)与轴承端面或外圆周面接触。但是使用这种毡的装置具有下列问题：
(1)毡的变形有时导致弄乱在毡和轴承之间的接触状况。特别，在图6(a)所示垂直轴位置的情形下，如果毡的变形形成毡和上轴承20a的端面20a1之间的间隙，供油机构不再起作用。
(2)如果毡进入与油接触，纤维头会进入轴承间隙，造成增加力矩、力矩变化及增加轴的振动等问题。
另外，如在日本专利申请公开No.173953/1994中公开了一种装置，其中两轴承中充填了油脂。但是这种充填油脂的装置具有下面的问题：
(1)要求有两阶段，第一阶段是安装轴承，第二阶段是充填油脂，这样使操作复杂化。另外，如果油脂粘到轴承表面，会引起高的力矩。为避免这一问题，需要在充填油脂前把轴***轴承，这样使装配操作复杂。
(2)油脂易粘到轴上，引起力矩变化。
DE4125204公开了一种用于轴承的润滑剂贮油片，所述的润滑剂贮油片向滑动轴承供油，贮油片与滑动轴承相互接触，贮油片由多孔塑料或橡胶和润滑剂构成。但是在这种多孔材料中，由于油只浸在孔中，浸在孔中的油易渗到表面，结果会发生缺油。另外，在贮存的油量减少时，在轴承中的油会倒流到多孔材料中。
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的轴承装置的上述问题，提供一种轴承装置，能保持连续地及缓慢地对轴承的供油且不会发生轴承的油倒流到供油材料中的问题的轴承装置。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明提供了一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸渍轴承浸有润滑油或润滑指，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于设有一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承接触，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过混合所述的润滑组分和聚烯烃粉末，并把混合物加热到使所述的聚烯烃熔化和把熔化物固化到凝固而得到的。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明还提供了一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于设有一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承成整体，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过混合所述的润滑组分和聚烯烃粉末，并把混合物加热到所述的聚烯烃熔化和把熔化物固化到凝固得到的。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明还提供了一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸渍轴承设成整体，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件通过把一种具有活性有机基团的改性硅油与具有与所述活性有机基团反应的有机基团的硬化剂在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂不相容。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明还提供了一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承没有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的活动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承成整体，所述的固体润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过把一个活性有机基团与具有可与所述的活性有机基团反应的有机基团的改性硅在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油不相容。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明还提供了一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸渍轴承设成整体，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件通过把一种具有活性有机基团的改性硅油与具有与所述活性有机基团反应的有机基团的硬化剂在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，其中所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂不相容。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明还提供了一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承没有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的活动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承成整体，所述的固体润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过把一个活性有机基团与具有可与所述的活性有机基团反应的有机基团的改性硅油在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油不相容。
按照本发明，由于多孔浸油轴承和固体树脂润滑件设置成相互接触，或结合在一起，在多孔浸油轴承中的油量总是保持在适当值，因此能长期稳定轴承作用，并改进轴承使用寿命。另外，与普通的毡相比，本装置紧凑，并且每单位面积保持更多的油量，并且没有毡的纤维毛进到轴承间隙引起力矩变化的缺点。另外，与使用油脂的装置相比，它是固体的，因此容易处理，且没有油脂粘住转动轴引起力矩变化的危险。
下面通过附图及实施例详细说明本发明，附图中：
图1是示出本发明一个实施例的剖面图；
图2是本发明另一实施例的剖面图；
图3是本发明又一实施例的透视图；
图4是本发明再一个实施例的剖面图；
图5是普通的浸油轴承的剖面图。
下面说明本发明的实施例。
在图1所示的激光打印机的扫描电动机中，一个轴承装置包括一个多孔的浸油轴承5，它相对外壳4起支承转动件的作用；一根轴，它被施加在转子1和定子2之间的力致动以高速转动，并具有在烧结合金之类的多孔体(基底)上形成的及与轴3的外周表面相对的轴承面5a，在该两表面之间有小的轴承间隙，所述的轴承有润滑脂(或润滑油)；及一个固体的树脂润滑件7，它具有润滑剂，例如润滑油(或润滑脂)分散在其中。在该实施例中，轴3处在垂直位置，通过一对垂直设置且间隔的浸油轴承5的轴承面5支承着可作滑动运动。树脂润滑件7插在一对多孔的浸油轴承之间。这对多孔的浸油轴承5和树脂润滑件7都是环形的，它们的各个在垂直方向相对的端面(上多孔浸油轴承5的下端面5b，和树脂润滑件7的上端面7b；下多孔浸油轴承5的上端面5c和树脂润滑件7的下端面7c)相互接触。另外，树脂润滑件7的内圆周表面7a和轴3的外圆周表面3a之间的间隙设成为大于轴承间隙的两倍。这是考虑防止力矩的增加。
树脂润滑件7所用例如下面方法制造，包括均匀混合预定量润滑脂(或润滑油)与预定量的超高分子量的聚烯烃；把混合物浇入预定形状的模中；在或高于聚烯烃的凝胶温度及在或低于润滑脂(如果使用)的滴落温度对它们进行分散，在常温下冷却模制物等步骤。
在该实施例中用的超高分子量的聚烯烃可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯或它们的共聚物粉，或者是这类材料粉的混合物，在该实施例中各种粉末的用粘度方法测量的平均分子量为1×106-5×106。在上述平均分子量范围内的聚烯烃比低分子量的聚烯烃刚性好，并且保持油的性能好，即使加热到高温也很难流动。这种超高分子量聚烯烃的混合百分比最好为树脂润滑件的总重量的95-1％(润滑脂或润滑油的混合百分比最好为5-99％)，但是可根据排油性、粘度和树脂润滑件的硬度作合适的调整。超高分子量的聚烯烃的量越大，在预定温度分散后的凝胶体的硬度越大。
在本实施例中用的润滑脂不是专门限定的，可是无皂增稠的或皂类增稠的润滑脂，这种润滑脂可以是锂皂-双酯型，锂皂-聚α烯烃型，锂皂-二烷基二苯基醚型，锂皂-矿物油型，钠皂-矿物油型，锂皂-二元酸酯矿物油型，无皂-二元酸酯型，无皂-矿物油型，无皂-多元醇酯型，和锂皂-多元醇酯型。类似地，在本实施例中润滑油也不是专门限定的，这种润滑油可以是二元酸酯型，矿物油型，二元酸酯矿物油型，多元醇酯型，聚α烯烃型，和二烷基二苯基醚型。另外，润滑脂基的油或润滑油最好与多孔浸油轴承浸的润滑油一样，也可有些不同，只要不损坏润滑性。
虽然所述的超高分子量聚烯烃的熔点不能专门地限定，因为根据所述的平均分子量不同而不同，由粘度方法测定的平均分子量为2×106的超高分子量聚烯烃的熔点为136℃。有同样分子量的商业可购到的聚烯烃包括Mitsui石油化工公司制造的Miperon XM-220等。
为了把作为润滑成分的润滑脂或润滑油分散在超高分子量聚烯烃的基体中，可以通过把所述的材料混合、在或高于超高分子量聚烯烃成胶体的温度，但低于润滑脂(如果使用)的滴落温度，例如在150-200℃下加热。
由于在本实施例中树脂润滑件7具有这种结构，其中用作润滑剂的润滑脂或润滑油分散在超高分子量的聚烯烃基体中，其起到挡住在轴转动时由流动而倾向从上多孔浸油轴承5的下端面5b漏出的油的壁的作用，因此抑制油从轴承内部外流。润滑件7还起到吸收及回收从轴承间隙6中漏出的油的作用。在油从多孔浸油轴承5流出而留下孔洞的情形下，在树脂润滑件7中分散及含有的润滑剂通过接触面(5b,7b；5c,7c)由毛细作用供到多孔浸油轴承5。因此，树脂润滑件7具有三个作用：(1)抑制漏油；(2)回收油，及(3)供油。因此，多孔浸油轴承5的内部保持充填着油，并且其好的润滑性能保持长时间。因此在本实施例中多孔浸油轴承能保长时间优良的轴承润滑作用并且有长的寿命。另外，与通常的毡不一样，它不含纤维材料，因而没有纤维之类进入轴承间隙的危险；与润滑脂不一样，它是刚性的，因此决不会粘住转动轴，也不会形成力矩变化的原因。并且由于它是刚性的，因而很容易处理，使得装配操作的效率增加。
另外，为了保证树脂润滑件7的作用，要求多孔浸油轴承5的毛细作用力大于树脂润滑件7的吸油力。为了从概念上解释吸油力与毛细作用力的关系，(1)在多孔浸油轴承5中孔浸有充填油时，油可从树脂润滑件供到多孔浸油轴承5中；(2)即使树脂润滑件7没有保持其容量100％的油，也不会有油从多孔浸油轴承5流到树脂润滑件7中；(3)当树脂润滑件处于与多孔浸油轴承5的下侧接触，对建立提供所述的作用(1)抑制漏油，(2)回收油，是选优的。
最好孔的面积与轴承面5a的总面积之比为2-10％。优选地为约5％。
表1示出按照该实施例的激光打印机电动机(图1)及没有固体的树脂润滑件的普通激光打印机电动机(图5(a))的上多孔浸油轴承试验前后含油量的试验结果。在图5(a)所示的普通装置中，在100小时操作后，大约30％油漏出，而在图1所示的装置中，在100小时操作后含油量没改变。由于上述的树脂润滑件的三个作用能保持多孔浸油轴承5中的含油量。
表1
固体树脂润滑件     含油量mg 油耗量mg
   试验前   试验后
    无     29.9     21.3     8.6
    有     28.5     28.2     0.3
条件：转速：11300rpm
气氛：常温及湿度
工作时间：100小时
试样尺寸：Φ4×Φ9×3
试验材料：铜材
在高温气氛下使用或在高速及由于摩擦而产生较多热量的情况下使用时，从树脂润滑件7中渗出的油量变得很大。在这种情形下，可在润滑件7中加入阻渗油剂以适当地抑制渗到接触面7b,7c的油的排油量以保证适当的油量供到多孔浸油轴承中。作为阻渗油剂可用固体蜡之类的蜡或含有固体蜡的低分子量的聚烯烃之类的混合物。作为固体蜡可用植物蜡(如巴西棕榈蜡，小烛树蜡)，动物蜡(如蜂蜡，昆虫蜡)和石油型蜡(如石蜡)。最好阻渗油剂加入量为树脂润滑件7总重量的1-50％。加入量越大，可更有效地抑制排油量而降低渗油量。但是，如果超过50％是不希望的，由于降低了树脂润滑件7的强度。
在图3所示的实施例中，减小了刚性树脂润滑件7的轴向长度，使其上端面7b只与上多孔浸油轴承5的下端面5b接触。这种设置是考虑了如上所述的在垂直轴的情形下，油的外流成为特别在上多孔浸油轴承的问题的情形。
在图3(a)-3(c)中所示的实施例中各示出了一个设置，其中多孔浸油轴承5和刚性的树脂润滑件7是结合成整体的。在图3(a)中，多孔浸油轴承5的一个端面装着一个与其接触的盘形树脂润滑件7。另外，在另一个端也装着一个与其接触的类似的树脂润滑件7。在图3(b)-3(d)中，基体(多孔体)或多孔的浸油轴承5设有充填空间8，在各空间8中树脂润滑件7充填入并在其中凝固。在图3(b)中，多孔体中设有轴向通孔，共中充填树脂润滑件70在图3(c)中，多孔体中设有轴向槽，其中充填树脂润滑件7。在图3(c)中，多孔体径向开有切口，其中充填树脂润滑件7。在图3(a)-3(d)的各设置中，由于多孔浸油轴承5和树脂润滑件7结合成整体，可得到上述优点，同时可如普通装置那样在同样步骤中进行把零件装入外壳4中，装配操作可更有效。
另外，在图3(a)所示的设置中，由于增加了树脂润滑件7的体积，可含有更多的油，而在图3(b)-3(d)的安排中，轴承的尺寸可以制成与整体轴承同样的尺寸，因此结合在普通装置中有可以不改变该装置的设计的优点。在图4所示实施例中，图3(a)-3(d)所示的单元型的轴承装置应用到水平安置的轴向风扇上。多孔浸油轴承的外圆周表面及端面设有多个槽形充填空间，其中充填着树脂润滑件7。一个止推垫片11设成与多孔浸油轴承5的一端面接触。
在高温状态操作的情形下，代替设置上述树脂润滑件7，可用具有活性有机基团的改性硅油和可与所述有机基团反应的硬化剂在润滑脂或润滑油中聚合，所述的润滑油和润滑脂可包含在三维的硅树脂的网状结构中。作为润滑油或润滑脂，可用固体树脂润滑件用的所述的润滑油或润滑脂，其与所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂具不相容性。
最好，所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂的总量是树脂润滑件总重量的20-80％，并且成分调整到使得改性硅油和硬化剂的比为10∶1到1∶10的范围内。另外，在改性硅油或硬化剂中反应的有机基团的官能团的当量设定在50-5000g/mol。可以用一种安排，其中硅油是氨基改性硅油，而硬化剂是双酚环氧混合物。或者，可用一种安排，其中改性硅油是氨基改性硅油，而硬化剂是脂环族环氧混合物。
作为所述的改性硅油，可以非限制地用已知的具有氨基、环氧基、羟基、巯基或羧基粘结到硅树脂的侧链或终端。
所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂的活性有机基团的任意组合可选用，只要其中有互相反应的有机基团。如果有机基团的组合是氨基和环氧基的结合，对类型没有限制，其中有机基团之一偶联到硅油或硬化剂，那么它的实例包括两类结合，第一种是氨基改性硅油和环氧硬化剂，第二种是环氧改性硅油和氨基硬化剂。也就是，改性硅油和硬化剂的活性有机基团结合的最佳实例包括羟基和异氰基；羟基和羧基；羟基和环氧基；氨基和异氰基；氨基和羧基，和氨基和环氧基。
另外，除改性硅油的活性有机基团外，其余的可用金属代替。例如，如果用金属硅氧烷，其中部分硅树脂被金属(如铝或钛)代替，可得到热阻好的成份。
作为具有环氧基团的硬化剂优选的混合物的具体实例，可用如双酚型环氧混合物，和脂环族环氧混合物。在双酚型环氧混合物中有双酚A和环氧氯丙烷的反应产物，作为商业可购得的有Yuka Shell Epoxy Co.Ltd制造的“Epycoats 825,827,834,815”；作为双酚F和环氧氯丙烷的反应产物可用Yuka shell Epoxy Co.Ltd制造的“Epycoats8070”。
作为脂环族环氧混合物，可用脂环族双环氧乙缩醛(例如Ciba Geigy有限公司制造的：CY175”)，脂环族双环氧已二酸酯(例如Ciba geigy有限公司制造的“CY177”)，脂环族双环氧碳酸酯(例如Ciba Geigy有限公司制造的“CY179”)，乙烯基环己烷二氧化物，二环氧丙基苯二甲酸酯，二环氧丙基四氢苯二甲酸酯，二环氧丙基苯二甲酸酯，缩水甘油基环氧丙基二甲基苯二甲酸酯，二甲基缩水甘油基环氧丙基六氢苯二甲酸酯，二聚酸缩水甘油酯，改性二聚酸缩水甘油酯，芳族缩水甘油脂，和环脂族缩水甘油脂。
所述的润滑油是与硅树脂不相容的，也可以用除硅油外的其它油，如矿物油，合成二元酸酯油，多元醇酯的油，醚油，氟油，烃链油和磷酸酯油。
另外，两种或更多种的这类润滑油的混合物如果与硅树脂不相容，也可以用。
通过把增稠剂，如金属皂类或元皂增稠剂(双脲，膨润土，聚脲)加到用作基油的润滑油以提供合适的粘度的及添加(如果需要的话可加如极限压力剂之类的各种添加剂)来制备润滑油。在本实施例用的润滑脂(增稠剂-基油)用以下实例示出。
锂皂-二元酯油型，锂皂-矿物油型，锂皂-合成烃类型，钠皂-矿物油型，铝皂-矿物油型，锂皂-二元酯油型，非皂类-酯油型，非皂类-合成烃类型和锂皂-多元醇酯型。
在本实施例中树脂润滑件可由三元网结构形成，当在三元网型的硅树脂中固定着包括润滑油或润滑酯的成分时，该结构与润滑油或润滑脂不相容。容纳润滑油或润滑脂的空间大于在润滑油(或润滑脂)和硅树脂之间有相容性时空间，它们构成一连通的空间。因此，容纳在树脂润滑件内的润滑油或润滑脂可以通过连通孔渗入到润滑件表面。
另外，硅油合成的温度低于180℃，在室温和150℃之间，没有使树脂基体及润滑剂热降解的危险，因此制成的树脂润滑件有耐热性及其它良好的物理性能。
另外，通过在润滑油或润滑脂中合成活性有机基与具有可与所述活性有机基反应的有机基团的硅油和把所述的润滑油或润滑脂包含在硅树脂三元网格结构中而制备树脂润滑件。也可以用使用与改性硅油不相容的润滑脂或润滑油的固体树脂润滑件。最好所述的改性硅油的活性有机基团的官能团当量为50-5000g/mol。
下面的成分可以在不影响本发明目的的范围内加到刚性树脂润滑剂中：矿物粉(如碳酸钙，白云母，二氧化硅，粘土和云母)，无机纤维(如玻璃纤维，石棉，石英棉，碳纤维，这些材料的无纺或纺织物)有机纤维(如芳族聚酰胺纤维，聚酯纤维)或聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚酰亚胺，和其它热固和热塑性树脂。
另外，本发明的轴承装置可用到各种电动机，用于激光打印机，轴向流风扇，排风扇，电风扇及其它电气产品和汽车电气零件及可以增加它们的使用寿命。

Claims (13)

1．一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸渍轴承浸有润滑油或润滑指，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于设有一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承接触，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过混合所述的润滑组分和聚烯烃粉末，并把混合物加热到使所述的聚烯烃熔化和把熔化物固化到凝固而得到的。
2．一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于设有一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承成整体，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过混合所述的润滑组分和聚烯烃粉末，并把混合物加热到所述的聚烯烃熔化和把熔化物固化到凝固得到的。
3．按照权利要求1或2的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的多孔浸油轴承有一个毛细作用力，而所述的树脂润滑成分有一个吸油力，所述的毛细作用力大于所述的吸油力。
4．按照权利要求1或2的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的树脂润滑成分通过把5-99％重量的润滑脂与95-1％重量的平均分子量为1×106-5×106的聚烯烃粉末混合，及在高于所述的聚烯烃的凝胶温度和低于所述的润滑脂的滴落温度下分散所述的聚烯烃而制成。
5．按照权利要求1或2的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的树脂润滑成分通过把5-99％重量的润滑脂与95-1％重量的平均分子量1×106-5×106的聚烯烃混合，加入1-50％重量的阻渗油剂，并在高于所述的聚烯烃的凝胶温度和低于所述的润滑脂的滴落温度下分散所述的聚烯烃而制成。
6．按照权利要求5的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的阻渗油剂是固体蜡。
7．按照权利要求1或2的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的树脂润滑成分通过把5-99％重量的润滑油与95-1％重量的平均分子量为1×106-5×106的聚烯烃混合，并在高于所述的聚烯烃的凝胶温度下分散所述的聚烯烃而制成。
8．按照权利要求7的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的树脂润滑成分通过把5-99％重量的润滑油与95-1％重量的平均分子量为1×106-5×106的聚烯烃混合，加入1-50％重量的阻渗油剂，并在高于所述的聚烯烃的成胶体温度下分散所述的聚烯烃而制成。
9．按照权利要求8的轴承装置，其特征在于所述的阻渗油剂是固体蜡。
10．一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于设有一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸渍轴承接触，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件通过把一种具有活性有机基团的改性硅油与具有与所述活性有机基团反应的有机基团的硬化剂在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂不相容。
11．一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承没有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的活动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承接触，所述的固体润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过把一个活性有机基团与具有可与所述的活性有机基团反应的有机基团的改性硅在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，其中所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油不相容。
12．一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承浸有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的滑动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸渍轴承设成整体，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的合成树脂材料的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件通过把一种具有活性有机基团的改性硅油与具有与所述活性有机基团反应的有机基团的硬化剂在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，其中所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油和所述的硬化剂不相容。
13．一种轴承装置，包括一个由多孔体形成的多孔浸油轴承，所述的多孔浸油轴承没有润滑油或润滑脂，和一个轴承表面与要支承的轴的活动表面接触，其特征在于一个固体树脂润滑合成件与所述的多孔浸油轴承成整体，所述的固体润滑合成件包括一个合成树脂材料和一个润滑组分，所述的固体树脂润滑组分分散及保持在一个所述的基体中，所述的固体树脂润滑合成件是通过把一个活性有机基团与具有可与所述的活性有机基团反应的有机基团的改性硅油在润滑油或润滑脂中聚合，把所述的润滑油或润滑脂保持在硅树脂的三维网状结构中而制成，所述的润滑油或润滑脂与所述的改性硅油不相容。
CN96110629A 1995-07-14 1996-07-10 轴承装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1072333C (zh)

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JP17880495 1995-07-14
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JP89760/96 1996-04-11
JP08976096A JP3754487B2 (ja) 1995-07-14 1996-04-11 軸受装置
JP89760/1996 1996-04-11
JP107873/1996 1996-04-26
JP10787996A JPH0988960A (ja) 1995-07-14 1996-04-26 多孔質含油軸受
JP107879/1996 1996-04-26
JP107873/96 1996-04-26
JP10787396A JPH0988959A (ja) 1995-07-14 1996-04-26 樹脂潤滑組成物
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US5762423A (en) 1998-06-09
CN1147605A (zh) 1997-04-16
NL1003567C2 (nl) 1998-01-28

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