CN106856963A - A kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method - Google Patents

A kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106856963A
CN106856963A CN201710227398.6A CN201710227398A CN106856963A CN 106856963 A CN106856963 A CN 106856963A CN 201710227398 A CN201710227398 A CN 201710227398A CN 106856963 A CN106856963 A CN 106856963A
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China
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year
ridge
soybean
mechanization
planting
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CN201710227398.6A
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CN106856963B (en
Inventor
贾洪雷
郑健
郭明卓
赵佳乐
王万鹏
李森森
黄东岩
刘慧力
丛永健
袁洪方
庄健
齐江涛
吴华
王刚
郭慧
王文君
姜鑫铭
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method, First Year maize planting, Second Year plants soybean, 3rd year maize planting, moving in circles by that analogy carries out crop rotation, first planting year takes crushed stalk mulching and returning, toothing, the operating type for burying and blending is turned in crushing, toothing operation is while the reduction soil erosion of soil surface wind speed is reduced, remain 30% crop-residue incorporation, the separating twice that can be used for after Second Year soybean harvest also field operation, the 3rd year spring is set still to have 30% straw mulching quantity before sowing, the third is planted only carries out 30% crop-residue incorporation in year;Use a Subsoiler within every 3 years;Annual spring uses shallow loose operation, and integration of operation is pressed in shallow pine and bottom of trench important city.The present invention carries out corn soybean carousel operation by using the new cultivated associated form and straw-returning mode broadcast, and to realize accelerating to freeze melting layer, lifts the soil moisture, reduces soil erosion, improves soil organic matter content and the purpose retained and conserved soil moisture.

Description

A kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to agronomic technique field, specific design is applied to a kind of novel corn soybean machinery in northeast ridge culture area Change alternating method.
Background technology
Northeast ridge culture area weather low temperature is easily non-irrigated, there is spring soil and freezes that melting layer is slow, soil accumulated temperature is low, dust storm great Yi makes Into soil erosion, stalk amount is very much not perishable to cause no-tillage seeding machine to be difficult to operation, and corn acreage under cultivation is big, soybean planting Area is reduced year by year, and the problems such as cause corn per unit area yield to increase income more difficult, soybean yields and decline year by year, therefore the present invention proposes one New northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method is planted, is mainly included:Crushed stalk mulching and returning, high-stubble and crushing Turn over and bury integration of operation;Shallow pine, bottom of trench suppression, are segmented important city pressure integration of operation etc. on seedling, be used to solve the above problems.
The content of the invention
The present invention broadcasts joint side by a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method by new cultivated of use Formula and straw-returning mode carry out corn soybean carousel operation, to realize accelerating to freeze melting layer, the lifting soil moisture, reduction water and soil It is lost in, improves soil organic matter content and the purpose retained and conserved soil moisture.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following scheme:
A kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method, First Year maize planting, Second Year plantation soybean, the 3 years maize plantings, move in circles carries out crop rotation by that analogy, and specific method is as follows:
Crop rotation First Year:Spring is using rotary tillage, ridging, sowing integration of operation, and the centre position maize planting on Gansu Province;Six Month the middle ten days and the last ten days tillage and weeding is topdressed;After autumn harvest corn, turned over using crushed stalk between ridge and bury operation, on ridge using toothing and The operating type that chopping and returning is combined;
Crop rotation Second Year:Spring takes shallow pine, bottom of trench suppression, support ridger, sowing integration of operation, and soybean planting is in both sides on ridge Position;The middle ten days and the last ten days in June tillage and weeding is topdressed;When autumn harvests, the stalk of First Year chopping and returning all rots, therefore receives The toothing stalk on First Year ridge and root stubble are carried out crushing mulching and returning operation after obtaining, and then still keeps 1/3 overlay capacity;
Crop rotation the 3rd year:Spring takes no-tillage seeding and segmentation suppression operation, the centre position maize planting on ridge;June The middle ten days and the last ten days tillage and weeding is topdressed;Using straw chopping and returning operation on ridge while autumn harvests, also field measures 30%, carries out afterwards Subsoiling is gone out ridge culture industry, allows subsequent cycle in the position of first circulation furrow again ridging.
The present invention has the positive effect that is:
1. 3 years plantation corns twice, the first planting year takes crushed stalk mulching and returning, toothing, crushing to turn over to bury and mutually melt The operating type of conjunction, crushing turns over to bury operation and solve straw mulching and returning operation cannot lift asking for the deep soil content of organic matter Topic, toothing operation remains 30% crop-residue incorporation while the reduction soil erosion of soil surface wind speed is reduced, and can be used for Separating twice also field operation after Second Year soybean harvest, makes the 3rd year spring still have 30% straw mulching quantity before sowing, The third is planted only carries out 30% crop-residue incorporation in year, maximum while this kind of till maintains annual 1/3 straw mulching quantity The increasing crop-residue incorporation of amount, it is ensured that under microthermal climate, can still make stalk fully rot.
2. use a Subsoiler within every 3 years, both lifted the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture of soil, it also avoid subsoiling year after year and make Into the wasting of resources.
3. annual spring use shallow loose operation, improve the porosity of topsoil, accelerate the thing of soil and diplomatic circles Mass transter, is conducive to lifting ground temperature, accelerates soil to freeze melting layer.
4. integration of operation is pressed in shallow pine and bottom of trench important city, can improve the macroporsity of topsoil, reduces deep soil Macroporsity, improve aperture porosity, form excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower kind riffling part, improve the moisture content of soil.
5. soybean planting takes duplicate rows cripple's seedling mode, while planting density is ensured, increases one times of spacing in the rows, drops The low difficulty of precise sowing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is First Year agronomy schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is Second Year agronomy schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is the 3rd year agronomy schematic diagram
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is discussed in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method, including:First Year maize planting, Second Year plantation are big Beans, the 3rd year maize planting, move in circles by that analogy, and specific method is as follows:
Crop rotation First Year:Spring is using rotary tillage, ridging, sowing integration of operation, and the centre position maize planting on Gansu Province, six Month the middle ten days and the last ten days tillage and weeding is topdressed, and after autumn harvest corn, is turned over using crushed stalk between ridge and is buried operation, on ridge using toothing and The operating type that chopping and returning is combined;
Crop rotation Second Year:Spring take it is shallow pine (shallow loose depth 15-25mm), support ridger, sowing integration of operation, soybean planting in Two side position on ridge, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June tillage and weeding is topdressed, and when autumn harvests, the stalk of First Year chopping and returning is all rotten It is rotten, therefore the toothing stalk on First Year ridge and root stubble are carried out crushing mulching and returning operation after results, and then still keep 1/3 Overlay capacity;
Crop rotation the 3rd year:Due to First Year stalk to the 3rd year when be easier to abolish, therefore spring takes no-tillage seeding Operation, the centre position maize planting on ridge, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June tillage and weeding is topdressed, using stalk on ridge while autumn harvests Chopping and returning operation (also field amount 30%), carries out subsoiling and goes out ridge culture industry afterwards, allows subsequent cycle in first circulation furrow Position ridging again.
It is below specific embodiments of the present invention:
Refering to Fig. 1, First Year spring carries out rotary tillage, ridging, precise sowing simultaneously using rotary tillage sowing teamwork machinery With side deep fertilizing operation, wherein rotary tillage process is used to level land, rotary tillage depth 12-18cm;The row spacing of institute's ridging is 300mm, Row spacing is 650mm, and ridge type uses semi-elliptical curve:Depth of planting 50mm, enters while ditching operation Row bottom of trench important city is pressed, and suppression intensity is in 50kp-55kp;The depth of depth measurement fertilising is 100mm, is 50mm away from sowing row distance;Town Pressure operation carries out segmentation suppression using segmented suppression device, using important city pressure (suppression intensity 45kp), remaining position on seedling Using common suppression (suppression intensity 35kp).
Mid or late June is carried out weeding in the ranks and is topdressed using intertillage fertilizing and weeding machine.
Autumn uses toothing formula harvest corn seeder, carries out staying stubble operation (height for the stubble left 300- high while results 500mm), the stalk part of more than 300-500mm is laid in earth's surface, and straw chopping and returning turns over the machine of burying to the stalk that is laid on ridge Carry out crushing mulching and returning operation, being laid in ridge stalk take crushing to turn over to bury operation, turn over below buried depth degree 100mm.
Refering to Fig. 2, Second Year spring take shallow loose tilling and seeding machine and meanwhile carry out shallow pine, bottom of trench suppression, support ridger, precise sowing and Depth measurement fertilising operation, wherein shallow loose depth of implements is 20-30mm;Soybean planting is turned in two side position on ridge using large-ridge double-row Sub- seedling pattern, narrow row line-spacing 110mm, wide row line-spacing 650mm, spacing in the rows 9mm, narrow ditching operation trench digging width is 10mm, and soybean is broadcast It is 30mm to plant depth;Side fertilization depth is 100mm, and distance sowing row distance is 50mm.
Mid or late June is carried out weeding in the ranks and is topdressed using intertillage fertilizing and weeding machine.
Autumn is harvested using soybean harvest machine, and the stalk of First Year chopping and returning all rots, therefore after results Using straw crushing, stubble cleaning combine First Year is stayed in earth's surface high-stubble stalk and be embedded in underground root stubble carry out powder Broken mulching and returning operation, and then still keep 1/3 overlay capacity.
Refering to Fig. 3, due to First Year stalk to the 3rd year when be easier to abolish, therefore the 3rd year spring was broadcast using no-tillage The machine of kind carries out precise sowing and side deep fertilizing operation simultaneously, and the centre position maize planting on ridge, wherein depth of planting are 50mm, The depth of depth measurement fertilising is 100mm, is 50mm away from sowing row distance;Suppression operation carries out segmentation town using segmented suppression device Pressure, using important city pressure (suppression intensity 45kp) on seedling, remaining position is using common suppression (suppression intensity 35kp).
Mid or late June is carried out weeding in the ranks and is topdressed using intertillage fertilizing and weeding machine.
After autumn harvest corn machine operation, 30% stalk is stayed to be laid in earth's surface, with straw chopping and returning machine to being laid on ground The stalk of table takes chopping and returning operation, afterwards with inter-row subsoiler, subsoiling is carried out position between ridge and is gone out ridge culture industry, makes next Circulation can be in the position of first circulation furrow again ridging.
It is using the positive effect of the present invention:
1st, 3 years plantation corns twice, the first planting year takes crushed stalk mulching and returning, toothing, crushing to turn over to bury and mutually melt The operating type of conjunction, crushing turns over to bury operation and solve straw mulching and returning operation cannot lift asking for the deep soil content of organic matter Topic, toothing operation remains 30% crop-residue incorporation while the reduction soil erosion of soil surface wind speed is reduced, and can be used for Separating twice also field operation after Second Year soybean harvest, makes the 3rd year spring still have 30% straw mulching quantity before sowing, The third is planted only carries out 30% crop-residue incorporation in year, maximum while this kind of till maintains annual 1/3 straw mulching quantity The increasing crop-residue incorporation of amount, it is ensured that under microthermal climate, can still make stalk fully rot.
2nd, a Subsoiler is used within every 3 years, that is, lifts the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture of soil, it also avoid subsoiling year after year and make Into the wasting of resources.
3rd, annual spring use shallow loose operation, improve the porosity of topsoil, accelerate the thing of soil and diplomatic circles Mass transter, is conducive to lifting ground temperature, accelerates soil to freeze melting layer.
4th, shallow pine and the pressure integration of operation of bottom of trench important city, can improve the macroporsity of topsoil, reduce deep soil Macroporsity, improve aperture porosity, form excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower kind riffling part, improve kind of a moisture content for bed soil earth.
5th, suppressed using segmentation within the 3rd year, using important city pressure (suppression intensity 45kp) on seedling, remaining position is using common Suppression (suppression intensity 35kp), while increased soil moisture content, improves topsoil permeability.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method, it is characterised in that First Year maize planting, Second Year kind Soybean, the 3rd year maize planting are planted, move in circles carries out crop rotation by that analogy, and specific method is as follows:
Crop rotation First Year:Spring is using rotary tillage, ridging, sowing integration of operation, and the centre position maize planting on Gansu Province;In June Last ten-days period tillage and weeding is topdressed;After autumn harvest corn, turned over using crushed stalk between ridge and bury operation, toothing and crushing are used on ridge The operating type that also field is combined;
Crop rotation Second Year:Spring takes shallow pine, bottom of trench suppression, support ridger, sowing integration of operation, and soybean planting is in both sides position on ridge Put;The middle ten days and the last ten days in June tillage and weeding is topdressed;When autumn harvests, the stalk of First Year chopping and returning all rots, therefore harvests Afterwards the toothing stalk on First Year ridge and root stubble are carried out crushing mulching and returning operation, and then still keep 1/3 overlay capacity;
Crop rotation the 3rd year:Spring takes no-tillage seeding and segmentation suppression operation, the centre position maize planting on ridge;Under in June Ten days, tillage and weeding topdressed;Using straw chopping and returning operation on ridge while autumn harvests, also field measures 30%, and subsoiling is carried out afterwards Go out ridge culture industry, allow subsequent cycle in the position of first circulation furrow again ridging.
2. a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the wheel Make First Year, the rotary tillage depth of spring rotary tillage process is 12-18cm;The ridge type of ridging uses semi-elliptical curve:Depth of planting 50mm, carries out bottom of trench important city pressure while ditching operation.
3. a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the wheel Make First Year and the 3rd year, suppression operation is carried out segmentation suppression, pressed using important city on seedling using segmented suppression device, remaining Position is using common suppression.
4. a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the wheel Make First Year, autumn carries out staying stubble operation high, the stalk portion of the height for the stubble left 300-500mm, more than 300-500mm while results Point be laid in earth's surface, the stalk to being laid on ridge carries out crushing mulching and returning operation, being laid in ridge stalk take powder Broken turning over buries operation.
5. a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the wheel Make Second Year, spring shallow loose depth of implements is 20-30mm.
6. a kind of northeast ridge culture area corn soybean mechanization alternating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the wheel Make Second Year, carry out bottom of trench suppression operation before soybean planting to kind of ditch, increase soil compactibility under kind of ditch, improve kind of bed soil earth and contain Water rate.
CN201710227398.6A 2017-04-10 2017-04-10 Northeast ridge culture area corn and soybean mechanized rotation method Expired - Fee Related CN106856963B (en)

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108112429A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-06-05 南京信息工程大学 A kind of aeolian sandy soil area corn intertillage phase interval subsoiling orientation topdressing method
CN108934256A (en) * 2018-06-12 2018-12-07 吉林省农业科学院 A kind of arable farming method improveing soil
CN111937694A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-11-17 吉林省农业科学院 Corn cultivation method in northeast region
CN113615524A (en) * 2021-09-18 2021-11-09 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 Soybean rotation planting method
CN114431085A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-05-06 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 Planting method for alternating rotation of corn
CN114885785A (en) * 2022-05-07 2022-08-12 赤峰市农牧科学研究所 Fertilizing management method for novel crop rotation of corn and soybean in high-altitude areas
CN116167630A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-05-26 昆明理工大学 Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block
CN116686651A (en) * 2023-07-18 2023-09-05 吉林农业大学 Corn wide-narrow row alternate strip small-ridge culture low-cultivation planting method in straw full-quantity line collection and returning mode

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108112429A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-06-05 南京信息工程大学 A kind of aeolian sandy soil area corn intertillage phase interval subsoiling orientation topdressing method
CN108934256A (en) * 2018-06-12 2018-12-07 吉林省农业科学院 A kind of arable farming method improveing soil
CN108934256B (en) * 2018-06-12 2023-09-01 吉林省农业科学院 Crop cultivation method for improving soil
CN111937694A (en) * 2020-06-19 2020-11-17 吉林省农业科学院 Corn cultivation method in northeast region
CN113615524A (en) * 2021-09-18 2021-11-09 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 Soybean rotation planting method
CN114431085A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-05-06 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 Planting method for alternating rotation of corn
CN114431085B (en) * 2022-03-17 2023-11-21 中国农业大学吴桥实验站 Alternate rotation planting method for corn
CN114885785A (en) * 2022-05-07 2022-08-12 赤峰市农牧科学研究所 Fertilizing management method for novel crop rotation of corn and soybean in high-altitude areas
CN114885785B (en) * 2022-05-07 2023-10-03 赤峰市农牧科学研究所 Novel rotation fertilization management method for corn and soybean in high-altitude area
CN116167630A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-05-26 昆明理工大学 Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block
CN116167630B (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-06-27 昆明理工大学 Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block
CN116686651A (en) * 2023-07-18 2023-09-05 吉林农业大学 Corn wide-narrow row alternate strip small-ridge culture low-cultivation planting method in straw full-quantity line collection and returning mode

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