CN116369141A - Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat - Google Patents
Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN116369141A CN116369141A CN202310419828.XA CN202310419828A CN116369141A CN 116369141 A CN116369141 A CN 116369141A CN 202310419828 A CN202310419828 A CN 202310419828A CN 116369141 A CN116369141 A CN 116369141A
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for annual fallow crop rotation, water saving and stain resistance of rice and wheat, which comprises the following steps: dividing a planting area into big ridges and small furrows which are arranged at intervals; planting rice in the small furrows and carrying out fallow on the large ridges; harvesting rice, when more than 90% of rice grains turn yellow and mature, harvesting, and returning rice straws into small furrows; wheat is planted in the large ridge, and small furrows are fallowed; wheat is harvested, and when more than 90% of wheat seeds turn yellow and mature, the wheat seeds are harvested, and the wheat seeds are left to be returned to the field after 25-30cm of high stubble. According to the cultivation method, the recovery of the soil fertility is improved through the fallow rotation of wheat and rice; returning the straw to the field, and fertilizing the soil to increase the organic matters of the soil; the rice is planted in the small furrows, so that the evaporation area of the water surface is reduced, meanwhile, the straw is covered and returned to the field, so that the evaporation of soil moisture is reduced, and water resources are saved; wheat is planted on the large ridge, the small furrows are used as inner drainage ditches, the excretion of wheat Tian Shuifen is increased, the occurrence of waterlogging is reduced, and obvious environmental ecological benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for annual fallow crop rotation, water saving and stain resistance of rice and wheat.
Background
At present, the number of people in China is small, the soil cultivation multiple cropping index is high, in particular to annual crop rotation areas of Jiangsu rice and wheat, the soil can not be cultivated in a fallow mode, the high-strength cultivation of the annual soil is realized, the soil is only cultivated but not cultivated, and the soil quality is seriously degraded. In the growth process of rice, a large amount of irrigation water is lost through the water surface evaporation process, and water resources are wasted. As global warming causes more rainfall in the annual rotation region of the rice and the wheat, the annual rotation region of the rice and the wheat is relatively smooth in land, unsmooth in drainage and excessive rainfall causes Tian Fasheng waterlogging of the wheat, so that the yield is reduced.
These phenomena severely restrict the sustainable development of agriculture in annual rotation regions of rice and wheat, endangering national grain safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for annual fallow rotation and water saving and stain resistance of rice and wheat, which solves the problems of soil quality degradation, water resource waste and water drainage failure to cause waterlogging.
In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:
a cultivation method for annual fallow crop rotation and water-saving anti-stain of rice and wheat comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing a planting area into large ridges and small furrows which are arranged at intervals;
step 3, harvesting rice, harvesting when more than 90% of rice grains turn yellow and mature, and returning rice straws into small furrows;
step 4, wheat is planted in the large ridge, and small furrows are fallowed;
and 5, harvesting wheat, and harvesting the wheat when more than 90% of wheat grains turn yellow and mature, and leaving 25-30cm high stubble for returning to the field.
The specific contents of the step 1 are as follows: turning the planting area flat, ridging, planting wheat on a large ridge to form a large ridge wheat bed, and planting rice on a small furrow to form a small furrow rice bed; the width of the large ridge wheat bed is 50cm, and the height is 13-15cm; the width of the small-furrow rice bed is 25cm, and the large-ridge wheat bed and the small-furrow rice bed are combined into a cultivation mode of fallow rotation.
Dividing into a large-ridge wheat bed and a small-furrow rice bed, and then sowing wheat on the large-ridge wheat bed or transplanting rice on the small-furrow rice bed by using an agricultural machine.
The specific contents of the step 2 are as follows: in each small furrow, 2 rows of rice are transplanted by adopting a turning seedling method, the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 14-16cm, the number of seedlings in holes is 3-4, 26-27 ten thousand seedlings are reserved per hectare, the irrigation depth of a small furrow rice bed is 3-5cm, and large ridge wheat beds are fallow.
The specific content of the step 4 is as follows: in each large ridge, the row spacing is 12cm, 5 rows of wheat are planted, the plant spacing is 3cm, and 230-240 ten thousand plants are reserved per hectare.
The small furrows are used as the internal drainage ditches of the wheat field.
The cultivation method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The recovery of the soil fertility is improved through the fallow rotation of wheat and rice;
(2) Returning the straw to the field, and fertilizing the soil to increase the organic matters of the soil;
(3) The rice is planted in the small furrows, so that the evaporation area of the water surface is reduced, meanwhile, the straw is covered and returned to the field, so that the evaporation of soil moisture is reduced, and water resources are saved;
(4) Wheat is planted on the large ridge, the small furrows are used as inner drainage ditches, the excretion of wheat Tian Shuifen is increased, the occurrence of waterlogging is reduced, and obvious environmental ecological benefits are obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of rice planting cultivation;
wherein a is the ridge distance of the small-furrow rice bed; b is the ridge distance of the large ridge wheat bed; 1 is a rice plant; 2 is wheat stubble; and 3, returning wheat straw.
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of wheat planting cultivation;
wherein c is the wheat row spacing; d is a wheat field drainage ditch; 4 is a wheat plant; and 5, returning rice straw and stubble.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Firstly, dividing a planting area into large ridges and small furrows, wherein the small furrows are used for planting rice to form small furrow rice beds, the large ridges are used for planting wheat to form large ridge wheat beds; the large-ridge wheat bed and the small-furrow rice bed are combined into a cultivation mode of fallow rotation, and after the ridge shape is determined, wheat sowing or rice transplanting can be performed by using a common agricultural machine without special machinery.
As shown in fig. 1, the ridge distance a=25 cm of the small-furrow rice bed, the ridge distance b=50 cm of the large-ridge wheat bed, planting rice plants 1 in the small-furrow rice bed, carrying out rest tillage on the large-ridge wheat bed, and reserving wheat root stubbles 2 and returning wheat straws 3 on the large-ridge wheat bed, so that the evaporation area of water surface is reduced, water resources are saved, and meanwhile, the rest tillage of the large-ridge wheat bed is beneficial to permeability of rice canopy and improving photosynthesis of rice; transplanting 2 rows of rice plants 1 by adopting a corner seedling method, wherein the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 14-16cm, the number of seedlings in holes is 3-4, the seedlings are kept 26-27 ten thousand plants per hectare, and the irrigation depth of a small-furrow rice bed is 3-5cm; when more than 90% of rice grains turn yellow and mature, the rice plants 1 are fully harvested.
As shown in fig. 2, 5 rows of wheat plants 4 with a row spacing c=12 cm are planted on a large ridge wheat bed, a small furrow rice bed is fallow, and rice straw and stubble 5 returning to the field are reserved in the small furrow rice bed, meanwhile, the fallow of the small furrow rice bed is also used as a drainage ditch d in the wheat field, so that the water excretion of the wheat field is increased, the occurrence of waterlogging is reduced, and the environmental ecology is improved; the plant spacing of the wheat plants 4 is 3cm, and 230-240 ten thousand plants are reserved per hectare; when more than 90% of the wheat grains turn yellow and mature, wheat plants 4 are fully harvested, and 25-30cm high stubble is reserved for returning to the field.
In the embodiment, the canopy permeability and the soil organic matter content of the control planting area are 52.10% and 2.01% respectively, and the canopy permeability and the soil organic matter content after the cultivation method provided by the invention are 56.69% and 2.19% respectively, which are increased by 8.81% and 8.96% respectively compared with the control planting area.
The invention provides a cultivation method for annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain of rice and wheat, which is based on annual fallow rotation of rice and wheat, improves the land quality and saves water and anti-stain, and comprises the following steps: dividing a planting area into big ridges and small furrows which are arranged at intervals; planting rice in the small furrows and carrying out fallow on the large ridges; harvesting rice, when more than 90% of rice grains turn yellow and mature, harvesting, and returning rice straws into small furrows; wheat is planted in the large ridge, and small furrows are fallowed; wheat is harvested, and when more than 90% of wheat seeds turn yellow and mature, the wheat seeds are harvested, and the wheat seeds are left to be returned to the field after 25-30cm of high stubble. According to the cultivation method, the recovery of the soil fertility is improved through the fallow rotation of wheat and rice; returning the straw to the field, and fertilizing the soil to increase the organic matters of the soil; the rice is planted in the small furrows, so that the evaporation area of the water surface is reduced, meanwhile, the straw is covered and returned to the field, so that the evaporation of soil moisture is reduced, and water resources are saved; wheat is planted on the large ridge, the small furrows are used as inner drainage ditches, the excretion of wheat Tian Shuifen is increased, the occurrence of waterlogging is reduced, and obvious environmental ecological benefits are obtained.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The annual fallow rotation and water-saving and stain-resistant cultivation method for rice and wheat is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing a planting area into large ridges and small furrows which are arranged at intervals;
step 2, planting rice in the small furrows and carrying out fallow on the large ridges;
step 3, harvesting rice, harvesting when more than 90% of rice grains turn yellow and mature, and returning rice straws into small furrows;
step 4, wheat is planted in the large ridge, and small furrows are fallowed;
and 5, harvesting wheat, and harvesting the wheat when more than 90% of wheat grains turn yellow and mature, and leaving 25-30cm high stubble for returning to the field.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific contents of said step 1 are: turning the planting area flat, ridging, planting wheat on a large ridge to form a large ridge wheat bed, and planting rice on a small furrow to form a small furrow rice bed; the width of the large ridge wheat bed is 50cm, and the height is 13-15cm; the width of the small-furrow rice bed is 25cm, and the large-ridge wheat bed and the small-furrow rice bed are combined into a cultivation mode of fallow rotation.
3. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the large-ridge wheat bed is sown with wheat by an agricultural machine or the small-furrow rice bed is transplanted with rice after being divided into the large-ridge wheat bed and the small-furrow rice bed.
4. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the specific contents of said step 2 are: in each small furrow, 2 rows of rice are transplanted by adopting a turning seedling method, the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing is 14-16cm, the number of seedlings in holes is 3-4, 26-27 ten thousand seedlings are reserved per hectare, the irrigation depth of a small furrow rice bed is 3-5cm, and large ridge wheat beds are fallow.
5. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the specific contents of said step 4 are: in each large ridge, the row spacing is 12cm, 5 rows of wheat are planted, the plant spacing is 3cm, and 230-240 ten thousand plants are reserved per hectare.
6. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said small furrow fallow doubles as an internal drainage ditch for wheat fields.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310419828.XA CN116369141A (en) | 2023-04-19 | 2023-04-19 | Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310419828.XA CN116369141A (en) | 2023-04-19 | 2023-04-19 | Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat |
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| CN116369141A true CN116369141A (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310419828.XA Pending CN116369141A (en) | 2023-04-19 | 2023-04-19 | Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117918080A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-26 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice field straw returning method for carbon fixation and emission reduction |
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2023
- 2023-04-19 CN CN202310419828.XA patent/CN116369141A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117918080A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-26 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rice field straw returning method for carbon fixation and emission reduction |
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