CN113615524A - Soybean rotation planting method - Google Patents
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- CN113615524A CN113615524A CN202111111319.8A CN202111111319A CN113615524A CN 113615524 A CN113615524 A CN 113615524A CN 202111111319 A CN202111111319 A CN 202111111319A CN 113615524 A CN113615524 A CN 113615524A
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- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004035 Cryptotaenia japonica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000007641 Trefoil Factors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soybean planting. The invention provides a soybean alternate planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) after standard ridges are formed, base fertilizer is applied, and soybeans are sowed on the standard ridges; (2) crushing soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field after the soybeans are harvested, and planting corns in the next year; (3) after harvesting corns, crushing the corn straws, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and pressing after forming large ridges; (4) and (3) planting soybeans on the large ridges, crushing the soybean straws after harvesting, returning the crushed soybean straws to the field and forming standard ridges. The planting method provided by the invention effectively solves the problem of yield reduction caused by the heavy and stubble-cutting soybeans by adopting a soybean and corn rotation mode, reduces the production cost, reduces the influence of plant diseases and insect pests, and has a remarkable significance for increasing the yield and income of the soybeans in northeast China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soybean planting, in particular to a soybean alternate planting method.
Background
In the same field, soybeans are planted in the first year, non-leguminous crops are planted in the second year, and soybeans planted in the third year are called winter-harvest soybeans. The yield of the heavy and the first-crop soybeans is reduced compared with the positive-crop soybeans, and the weight of the single-crop soybeans is reduced, and the pod number and the single-plant grain number of the single plant are reduced. According to the research results of research units such as the agricultural academy of Heilongjiang province and the like, the hundred grain weight of the first-stubble soybean is reduced by 2.7 percent compared with that of the first-stubble soybean; the grain weight of the continuous cropping soybean is reduced by 3.7 percent compared with that of the normal cropping soybean; the yield reduction amplitude is increased along with the increase of the continuous cropping period, the yield reduction of the first crop is 6.1 percent, the yield reduction of the first crop is 9.9 percent, the yield reduction of the second crop is 13.8 percent, and the yield reduction of the third crop is 19.0 percent. The longer the continuous cropping period is, the more serious the hazard is.
The northeast region is one of the main soybean producing areas in China, wherein 200 million hectares of soybean are grown in the Heilongjiang province for nearly 20 years. How to effectively reduce the yield reduction caused by the heavy and windrow soybeans becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soybean alternate planting method, which effectively reduces the yield reduction caused by heavy and windrow soybeans.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a soybean alternate planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after standard ridges are formed, base fertilizer is applied, and soybeans are sowed on the standard ridges;
(2) crushing soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field after the soybeans are harvested, and planting corns in the next year;
(3) after harvesting corns, crushing the corn straws, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and pressing after forming large ridges;
(4) and (3) planting soybeans on the large ridges, crushing the soybean straws after harvesting, returning the crushed soybean straws to the field and forming standard ridges.
Preferably, the ridge distance of the standard ridge is 80-90 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 50-55 cm, and the ridge height is 17-20 cm; the ridge distance of the large ridges is 115-130 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 75-85 cm, and the ridge height is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu, and the using amount of the chemical fertilizer is 45-55 kg/mu.
Preferably, the standard ridges are sown with soybeans in the step (1) in a double-row planting mode, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, the plant spacing is 30-35 cm, the large ridges are sown with soybeans in a four-row planting mode, the row spacing is 15-18 cm, and the plant spacing is 28-32 cm.
Preferably, the corn is sown by a no-tillage method.
Preferably, the corn is compacted and covered with soil after being sowed, the thickness of the covered soil is 3-4 cm, and the planting density of the corn is 4500-5000 plants/mu.
Preferably, the soybean straws are returned to the field by the total amount of straws, and the returning amount of the corn straws is 400-600 kg/mu.
Preferably, the depth of the deep ploughing returning to the field is 20-30 cm.
Preferably, the method also comprises topdressing in the trefoil stage or the flowering beginning stage of the soybean.
Preferably, the additional fertilizer is additional urea, and the additional amount of the urea is 2-4 kg/mu.
The invention provides a soybean alternate planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) after standard ridges are formed, base fertilizer is applied, and soybeans are sowed on the standard ridges; (2) crushing soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field after the soybeans are harvested, and planting corns in the next year; (3) after harvesting corns, crushing the corn straws, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and pressing after forming large ridges; (4) and (3) planting soybeans on the large ridges, crushing the soybean straws after harvesting, returning the crushed soybean straws to the field and forming standard ridges. The planting method provided by the invention takes three years as a planting period, effectively solves the problem of yield reduction caused by the heavy and stubble-cutting soybeans by adopting a mode of crop rotation of the soybeans and the corns, reduces the production cost, reduces the influence of plant diseases and insect pests, and has a remarkable significance for increasing the yield and income of the soybeans in northeast China.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soybean alternate planting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after standard ridges are formed, base fertilizer is applied, and soybeans are sowed on the standard ridges;
(2) crushing soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field after the soybeans are harvested, and planting corns in the next year;
(3) after harvesting corns, crushing the corn straws, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and pressing after forming large ridges;
(4) and (3) planting soybeans on the large ridges, crushing the soybean straws after harvesting, returning the crushed soybean straws to the field and forming standard ridges.
In the present invention, the time for sowing soybeans in the first year is preferably 4 months and 25 days to 5 months and 10 days, the time for sowing soybeans in the second year is preferably 4 months and 28 days to 5 months and 5 days, and the time for sowing soybeans in the third year is preferably 4 months and 25 days to 5 months and 10 days.
In the invention, the ridge distance of the standard ridges is preferably 80-90 cm, more preferably 83-87 cm, and still more preferably 85 cm.
In the invention, the width of the standard ridge is preferably 50-55 cm, more preferably 51-54 cm, and still more preferably 52-53 cm.
In the invention, the ridge height of the standard ridge is preferably 17-20 cm, and more preferably 18-19 cm.
In the invention, the ridge distance of the large ridges is preferably 115-130 cm, and more preferably 120-125 cm.
In the invention, the width of the ridge surface of the large ridge is preferably 75-85 cm, more preferably 78-82 cm, and still more preferably 80 cm.
In the invention, the ridge height of the large ridge is preferably 15-20 cm, more preferably 16-19 cm, and still more preferably 17-18 cm.
In the present invention, the base fertilizer preferably includes organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
In the invention, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 1500-2000 kg/mu, more preferably 1600-1900 kg/mu, and still more preferably 1700-1800 kg/mu.
In the invention, the using amount of the fertilizer is preferably 45-55 kg/mu, more preferably 48-52 kg/mu, and even more preferably 50 kg/mu.
In the invention, the standard ridge sowed with the soybeans in the step (1) is preferably planted in a double-row mode.
In the invention, the row spacing in the double-row planting is preferably 20-25 cm, more preferably 21-24 cm, and still more preferably 22-23 cm.
In the invention, the plant spacing in the double-row planting is preferably 30-35 cm, more preferably 31-34 cm, and still more preferably 32-33 cm.
In the invention, the soybeans are planted on the large ridges in the step (4), preferably, a four-row planting mode is adopted.
In the invention, the row spacing is preferably 15-18 cm, and more preferably 16-17 cm when the four rows are planted.
In the invention, the plant spacing of the four rows is preferably 28-32 cm, more preferably 29-31 cm, and even more preferably 30 cm.
In the present invention, the corn is preferably sown by a no-tillage method.
In the invention, the corn is compacted and covered with soil after being sowed.
In the invention, the thickness of the covering soil is preferably 3-4 cm.
In the invention, the planting density of the corn is preferably 4500-5000 plants/mu, more preferably 4600-4900 plants/mu, and even more preferably 4700-4800 plants/mu.
In the present invention, the soybean straw is preferably returned to the field with the total amount of straw.
In the invention, the returning amount of the corn straws is preferably 400-600 kg/mu, more preferably 450-550 kg/mu, and even more preferably 500 kg/mu.
In the present invention, the depth of the deep ploughing and returning to the field is preferably 20 to 30cm, more preferably 23 to 27cm, and still more preferably 25 cm.
In the invention, the additional fertilizer is applied in the trefoil stage or the flowering beginning stage of the soybean.
In the present invention, the top dressing is preferably urea top dressing.
In the invention, the dressing amount of the urea is preferably 2-4 kg/mu, and more preferably 3 kg/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Selecting three test fields with the area of 1 mu in the Nenjiang county of Heilongjiang province, forming standard ridges according to the standard of 80cm of ridge distance, 50cm of ridge surface width and 17cm of ridge height in 4 months and 25 days, applying base fertilizer according to 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 45 kg/mu of chemical fertilizer, and sowing soybeans on the standard ridges by adopting a double-row planting method, wherein the row spacing of the soybeans is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm; in the period that the soybeans grow to three leaves, dressing urea according to the standard of 4 kg/mu;
harvesting the mature soybeans, crushing the soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field, sowing corns by a no-tillage method in 28 days 4 and month next time, compacting the corns after sowing, covering the corns with 3cm of soil, and adjusting the density of the corns to 4500 plants/mu after the corns emerge; after the corn is harvested, the corn straws are crushed and deeply ploughed for 20cm to return to the field according to the standard of 400 kg/mu;
after returning the corn straws to the field, forming a large ridge according to the standard that the ridge distance is 115cm, the ridge surface width is 75cm and the ridge height is 15cm, compacting, and sowing soybeans on the large ridge by adopting a four-row planting method, wherein the row spacing of the soybeans is 15cm, and the plant spacing is 28 cm; after harvesting, crushing the soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field, and forming standard ridges according to the standard that the ridge distance is 80cm, the ridge surface width is 50cm and the ridge height is 17 cm.
As a result: in the second year of the test, 50 acres of continuous cropping corns which are conventionally planted in Nenjiang county are randomly selected, the yield and the farming cost are counted, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the continuous cropping corn is 390.1kg, and the farming cost per mu is 150 yuan; meanwhile, the yield and the farming cost of each test field are counted, an average value is taken, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the corn in the test field is 431.5kg, and the farming cost per mu is 49.5 yuan; in the third year of the test, 50 mu of soybeans are randomly selected from the first-batch soybeans conventionally planted in Nenjiang county, the yield, the grain weight and the root rot index are counted, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the winter soybean is 159.4kg, the weight of each hundred grains is 16.81g, and the root rot index is 37.1 percent; meanwhile, the yield, the grain weight and the root rot index of the first-crop soybeans in each test field are counted, the average value is taken, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the winter soybeans in the test field is 177.1kg, the weight of each grain is 17.19g, and the root rot index is 24.3%.
Example 2
Selecting three test fields with the area of 1 mu in Bayan county in Heilongjiang province, forming standard ridges according to the standards of 85cm of ridge distance, 52cm of ridge surface width and 18cm of ridge height in 5 months and 1 day, applying base fertilizer according to 1800 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of chemical fertilizer, and sowing soybeans on the standard ridges by adopting a double-row planting method, wherein the row spacing of the soybeans is 23cm, and the plant spacing is 33 cm; in the period that the soybeans grow to three leaves, applying urea according to the standard of 3 kg/mu;
harvesting the mature soybeans, crushing the soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field, sowing corns by a no-tillage method 5 months and 1 day next time, compacting the corns after sowing, covering the corns with 4cm of soil, and adjusting the density of the corns to 4800 plants/mu after the corns emerge; after the corn is harvested, crushing the corn straws, and deep ploughing the corn straws by 25cm according to the standard of 500 kg/mu to return the corn straws to the field;
after returning the corn straws to the field, forming a large ridge according to the standard that the ridge distance is 125cm, the ridge surface width is 80cm and the ridge height is 18cm, compacting, and sowing soybeans on the large ridge by adopting a four-row planting method, wherein the row spacing of the soybeans is 16cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm; after harvesting, crushing the soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field, and forming standard ridges according to the standard that the ridge distance is 85cm, the ridge surface width is 52cm and the ridge height is 19 cm.
As a result: in the second year of the test, 50 mu of corn is randomly selected from the continuous cropping corns conventionally planted in Baxian county, the yield and the farming cost are counted, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the continuous cropping corn is 387.6kg, and the farming cost per mu is 146 yuan; meanwhile, the yield and the farming cost of each test field are counted, an average value is taken, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the corn in the test field is 427.4kg, and the farming cost per mu is 48 yuan; in the third year of the test, 50 mu of the first-batch soybeans conventionally planted in Bayan county are randomly selected, the yield, the grain weight and the root rot index are counted, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the winter soybean is 158.1kg, the weight of each hundred grains is 16.53g, and the root rot index is 36.2 percent; meanwhile, the yield, the grain weight and the root rot index of the first-crop soybeans in each test field are counted, the average value is taken, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the winter soybeans in the test field is 175.7kg, the weight of each grain is 17.07g, and the root rot index is 23.8%.
Example 3
Selecting three test fields with the area of 1 mu in Helen city of Heilongjiang province, forming standard ridges according to the standard of the ridge distance of 90cm, the ridge surface width of 55cm and the ridge height of 20cm in 5 months and 10 days, applying base fertilizer according to 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 55 kg/mu of chemical fertilizer, and sowing soybeans on the standard ridges by adopting a double-row planting method, wherein the row spacing of the soybeans is 25cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm; in the period that the soybeans grow to three leaves, dressing urea according to the standard of 2 kg/mu;
harvesting the mature soybeans, crushing the soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field, sowing corns 5 months and 5 days in the next year by a no-tillage method, compacting the corns after the corn is sowed, covering the corns with 3cm of soil, and adjusting the density of the corns to 5000 plants/mu after the corns emerge; after the corn is harvested, crushing the corn straws, and deep ploughing the corn straws for 20-30 cm to return to the field according to the standard of 400-600 kg/mu;
after returning the corn straws to the field, forming a large ridge according to the standards of the ridge distance of 115-130 cm, the ridge surface width of 75-85 cm and the ridge height of 15-20 cm, compacting, and sowing soybeans on the large ridge by adopting a four-row planting method, wherein the row distance of the soybeans is 15-18 cm, and the plant spacing is 28-32 cm; after harvesting, smashing the soybean straws and returning the smashed soybean straws to the field, and forming standard ridges according to the standards of ridge distance of 80-90 cm, ridge surface width of 50-55 cm and ridge height of 17-20 cm.
As a result: in the second year of the test, 50 acres of continuous cropping corns which are conventionally planted in Helen city are randomly selected, the yield and the farming cost are counted, and the results show that: the average yield per mu of the continuous cropping corn is 390.7kg, and the farming cost per mu is 153 yuan; meanwhile, the yield and the farming cost of each test field are counted, an average value is taken, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the corn in the test field is 433.0kg, and the farming cost per mu is 50.4 yuan; in the third year of the test, 50 mu of soybeans are randomly selected from the first-crop soybeans conventionally planted in Helen city, the yield, the grain weight and the root rot index are counted, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the winter soybean is 160.7kg, the weight of each hundred grains is 16.93g, and the root rot index is 36.8%; meanwhile, the yield, the grain weight and the root rot index of the first-crop soybeans in each test field are counted, the average value is taken, and the result shows that: the average yield per mu of the winter soybeans in the test field is 178.4kg, the weight of each hundred grains is 17.31g, and the root rot index is 23.8 percent.
The embodiment shows that the invention provides a soybean rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) after standard ridges are formed, base fertilizer is applied, and soybeans are sowed on the standard ridges; (2) crushing soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field after the soybeans are harvested, and planting corns in the next year; (3) after harvesting corns, crushing the corn straws, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and pressing after forming large ridges; (4) and (3) planting soybeans on the large ridges, crushing the soybean straws after harvesting, returning the crushed soybean straws to the field and forming standard ridges. The planting method provided by the invention takes three years as a planting period, effectively solves the problem of yield reduction caused by the heavy and stubble-cutting soybeans by adopting a mode of crop rotation of the soybeans and the corns, reduces the production cost, reduces the influence of plant diseases and insect pests, and has a remarkable significance for increasing the yield and income of the soybeans in northeast China.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soybean rotation planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after standard ridges are formed, base fertilizer is applied, and soybeans are sowed on the standard ridges;
(2) crushing soybean straws and returning the crushed soybean straws to the field after the soybeans are harvested, and planting corns in the next year;
(3) after harvesting corns, crushing the corn straws, deep ploughing and returning to the field, and pressing after forming large ridges;
(4) and (3) planting soybeans on the large ridges, crushing the soybean straws after harvesting, returning the crushed soybean straws to the field and forming standard ridges.
2. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 1, wherein the standard ridge has a ridge distance of 80-90 cm, a ridge surface width of 50-55 cm and a ridge height of 17-20 cm; the ridge distance of the large ridges is 115-130 cm, the width of the ridge surface is 75-85 cm, and the ridge height is 15-20 cm.
3. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 2, wherein the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer, the usage amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu, and the usage amount of the chemical fertilizer is 45-55 kg/mu.
4. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 3, wherein the standard ridge in step (1) is planted in two rows with a row spacing of 20-25 cm and a plant spacing of 30-35 cm, and the large ridge in step (4) is planted in four rows with a row spacing of 15-18 cm and a plant spacing of 28-32 cm.
5. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 4, wherein the corn is sown in a no-tillage way.
6. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 5, wherein the corn is sowed, compacted and covered with soil, the thickness of the covered soil is 3-4 cm, and the planting density of the corn is 4500-5000 plants/mu.
7. The soybean rotation planting method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the soybean straws are returned to the field in a total amount of straw, and the returning amount of the corn straws is 400-600 kg/mu.
8. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 7, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing and returning to the field is 20-30 cm.
9. The soybean rotation planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising top dressing during the trefoil stage or the flowering stage of soybeans.
10. The soybean rotation planting method according to claim 9, wherein the additional fertilizer is additional urea, and the additional urea is applied in an amount of 2-4 kg/mu.
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Application publication date: 20211109 |