CN106613710B - Shaping method for long and thin vertical trunk shape of pear tree - Google Patents
Shaping method for long and thin vertical trunk shape of pear tree Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A shaping method of a long and thin vertical trunk shape of a pear tree comprises the following steps: establishing a fence frame net surface, planting nursery stocks, fixing stems, picking buds, vertically binding lignified parts of young shoots on the net surface, carving buds, opening base angles, opening waist angles, removing branches, promoting flower bud formation, managing central stem extension branches and managing side branches. The shaping method for the long and thin high trunk shape of the pear tree realizes the planting of the pear tree under high density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, in particular to a shaping method of a long and thin upright trunk shape of a pear tree.
Background
The close planting labor-saving cultivation mode is the current development direction of the pear industry in China, and the pear industry is in the stages of trial and exploration all over the country in China. The tree forms suitable for different planting densities are selected according to the growth and fruiting conditions of the saplings under different shaping modes, and the method has important significance for production.
In foreign countries, advanced countries for pear and apple production mostly adopt big seedlings with branches to build gardens, the shaping work of the seedlings starts already in nursery gardens, the seedlings are preliminarily shaped, the seedlings are planted in high-density and ultrahigh-density wide-row close planting and cultivation after being out of nursery gardens, fruit bearing is carried out in the second year after cultivation, the yield is formed in the third year, and time and labor are saved in later-period management. In China, similar research is carried out, but large-area application is not found. In production, ordinary seedlings and a conventional shaping technology are still widely adopted to build a garden, although the close planting labor-saving cultivation idea is deep into the garden, the quality of the seedlings and the matched shaping technology cannot meet the technical requirements of high-density and ultrahigh-density cultivation in modern pear tree production, the pear garden is late in formation, difficult in crown control, time-consuming and labor-consuming in management, large crown breadth can be formed in a short period, cross closure among trees is obvious, cultivation density is not appropriate, too thick and too long branches are removed in successive years, a large amount of tree nutrition and manpower are wasted, and the pear garden is seriously planed and damaged.
For example, the patent application No. 201510780001.7 of the invention discloses a rapid shaping early high yield cultivation method for fruit trees with three buds, two degrees and one single axis. The invention provides a fruit tree cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: in the fruit tree cultivation process, a strategy of three buds, two degrees and one axis is adopted to prune the fruit tree; the three buds refer to a designated bud, a bud picking and a bud carving; the second degree is that the thickness of the main branch is controlled by adjusting the angle of the main branch so as to achieve reasonable branch-to-trunk ratio; "uniaxial" means that the branches of each main branch are cleaned and/or pruned in time to ensure that only short branches and uniaxial extension of the result are retained in each main branch. The method is implemented on fruit trees such as apples and sweet cherries, achieves the effects of taking effect after 3 years of field planting and high yield and efficiency after 4 years of field planting, and effectively solves the problems of 'good taste of cherries, difficult planting' and the like. If a traditional method is adopted, the effect can be achieved in at least 4-5 years, and the high yield and the high efficiency are achieved in 6-7 years. Therefore, the method provided by the invention is very effective and has great value for transformation and upgrading and efficient development of the fruit tree industry.
The fruit tree shaping method in the prior art has the defects, and is difficult to adapt to the development trend and the actual needs in the current fruit tree cultivation field. In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor provides a method for shaping a slender upright trunk of a pear tree by combining years of scientific research and practical orchard working experience.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for shaping a long, thin and upright trunk shape of a pear tree, which is simple to implement, convenient to operate and suitable for the technical requirement of modern close planting labor-saving cultivation, aiming at the defects of a shaping technology widely adopted in production when ordinary nursery stocks of the pear tree are built.
The height of the slender upright trunk-shaped plant is 3.5-3.8 m, the trunk height is 50-60 cm, the crown width is 0.8-1.2 m, and 35-40 fruiting branch groups are uniformly grown on the central trunk. After the nursery stock is planted, the nursery stock can be formed after 2-3 years of cultivation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a shaping method of a long and thin vertical trunk shape of a pear tree comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a net surface of the hedge frame: uniformly erecting 1 galvanized pipe support every 10m along a pear tree planting row, pouring the embedded end of each galvanized pipe support by using cement to enable the height of the ground part of each galvanized pipe support to be 3m, punching holes in the positions, which are 40cm, 90cm, 150cm and 200cm away from the ground, of the ground part of each galvanized pipe in a forward row, penetrating steel wires through the holes in the galvanized pipe supports at the same height, converging the steel wires at different heights at the head and the tail of the pear tree planting row, fixing ground anchors on the ground, and tensioning by using a wire tightener;
step 2, shaping in the first year;
step 2.1, planting the nursery stock: selecting nursery stocks with the height of more than 1.2m, the thickness of more than 1.0cm, full buds and robust roots for field planting, wherein the field planting row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, and the plant spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, planting the nursery stocks in a forward row along the net surface of the constructed hedgerow frame, watering the nursery stocks, and then vertically fixing the nursery stocks on the net surface of the hedgerow frame;
step 2.2, drying: after the seedlings are planted, the seedlings are subjected to stem fixing within 1-2 days, the stem fixing height is set to be 45-48 cm, full buds are found at the positions, 45-48 cm away from the ground, of the seedlings, and stem fixing is carried out at the positions, 1-2 cm away from the upper parts of the buds;
step 2.3, bud picking: after the buds germinate, keeping 2 buds below the cut, immediately erasing other buds which cannot be erased completely at one time, erasing the buds for multiple times in the whole growing season, keeping 2 buds, wherein one bud is a sacrificial bud, preferentially keeping the other bud after the other bud survives, and immediately erasing the other bud;
step 2.4, vertically binding the lignified part of the young sprout on the net surface: along with the growth of the bud, the young shoots grow high, lignified parts of the young shoots are vertically bound on the net surface, branches are prevented from bending to grow, the top advantages of the young shoots are guaranteed, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, nitrogen fertilizers are properly applied in the early stage, potassium fertilizers are properly applied in the later stage, and water control is paid attention to in the later stage so as to guarantee the height, thickness and fullness of the nursery stock;
step 3, shaping in the second year;
step 3.1, bud carving: bud carving treatment is carried out on the nursery stocks shaped in the first year to promote the branches of the central trunk, bud carving is carried out on the position, which is 20cm away from the top end, of the central trunk, the bud carving time is about one week before the sprouts germinate, the bud carving method comprises the steps of winding 1/2-2/3 circles of the sprouts by using a saw blade or a bud carving knife at the position 0.5-1.0 cm above the sprouts, and slightly carving the buds to xylem;
step 3.2, opening a base angle: when the young shoots promoted on the central trunk grow to 16-20 cm, opening base angles by adopting toothpicks with two sharp ends, wherein the base angle is preferably 65-80 degrees;
step 3.3, opening waist corners: when the young sprout is 30-35 cm long, inserting one end of the bamboo stick tip into the phloem of the central stem, cutting one end of the bamboo stick tip into a trapezoidal surface by using a pruning shear according to the required length, and placing the trapezoidal surface at a proper position of the young sprout to enable the waist angle to reach 70-80 degrees and the waist angle of the young sprout at the lower part of the central stem to reach 80-90 degrees;
step 3.4, thinning and branching: after the buds on the central trunk germinate, starting to dredge excessive branches, and reserving 30-35 branches in the whole tree;
and 3.5, promoting the formation of flower buds: before the young shoots stop growing in 7 months in the current year, spraying 800-1000 mg/L paclobutrazol solution on branches at the lower part of a tree body to promote branch growth stop and flower bud formation;
step 4, shaping in the third year;
step 4.1, managing the central trunk extension branches: continuously bud carving is carried out on the central trunk extension branches, so that the total reserved branches of the whole tree reach 35-40;
step 4.2, management of lateral branches: and (3) thinning the side branches exceeding the central trunk thickness of 1/3, removing the remained peg, utilizing the hidden buds, branching again, thinning the upper back branches and the thick branches of the remained side branches, and strengthening and maintaining the weak branches.
According to the invention, the aperture of the hole punched in the step 1 is preferably 1.5-4.0 mm.
Further, the buried depth of the ground anchor in the step 1 is 80cm, and the inclination angle of the ground anchor is 30-40 degrees.
Preferably according to the invention, the filled shoots in step 2.2 are selected in the northwest direction.
Further, the step 3.1 also comprises a step of carrying out plastic sleeving on the bud-carved branches and a step of removing the plastic sleeving, and the plastic sleeving is removed when the young shoots grow to be 3-5 cm.
Further, the step 3.1 also comprises a step of carrying out winter pruning on the extended branches of the central branches, and keeping the weak branch and weak bud of the central branches of the main branches after the winter pruning.
According to the invention, preferably, in the step 3.4, vigorous branches are thinned and weak branches are reserved.
Further, step 4.1 includes the step of repeating the second year reshaping operation.
Further, the step 4.2 also comprises the step of thinning the competitive branches with strong branches, and keeping the lateral branches to be uniaxial and not extending.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the shaping method of the long and thin vertical trunk shape of the pear tree adopts the low fixed trunk at the position of 45-48 cm, only two buds (1 of which is sacrificial bud) under the cut are reserved, the sacrificial buds are erased in time, all nutrition is supplied to a bud body for growth, the cultivation of the strong central trunk is facilitated, compared with the traditional fixed trunk shaping technology of 70cm or 90cm or even higher, the shaping belt does not exist, the nutrient substances are more concentrated, the nursery stock can reach the ideal height and thickness after one year of growth, a key foundation is laid for the control of the crown width and the cultivation of the tree shape, and the method cannot be achieved by the traditional shaping mode.
2. The shaping method of the slender upright trunk shape of the pear tree adopts the fence frame mesh surface to vertically fix the young trees in time so as to ensure the top end advantage of the central trunk and weaken the vertical advantage of the side branches, is beneficial to ensuring that the central trunk reaches the ideal height as soon as possible when shaping is carried out in the first year, and simultaneously can ensure that the new tips of the buds carved with buds in the second year do not have crown-like growth.
3. The shaping method of the slender and upright trunk shape of the pear tree disclosed by the invention promotes the branches of the central trunk by adopting a mode of 'cutting when buds meet', is beneficial to controlling the branch spread at the early stage, reducing the crown width and providing more branch remaining choices for dredging and removing redundant branches at the later stage.
4. According to the method for shaping the long and thin vertical trunk shape of the pear tree, 800-1000 mg/L paclobutrazol solution is sprayed on the branches at the lower part of the pear tree before young shoots stop growing, so that the formation of flower buds and the control of the branch spread at the base part are facilitated, and meanwhile, the difference between the crown width at the upper part and the crown width at the lower part of the pear tree is reduced.
5. According to the shaping method for the slender vertical trunk shape of the pear tree, after the base angle is opened by using the toothpick, the waist angle is further opened by using the large bamboo stick in the same year, branch unfolding and flower bud formation are favorably controlled, the operation is simple and convenient, and time and labor are saved. Practice shows that only a few branches at the base of the sapling shaped by the technology need to be further provided with waist corners, and the waist corner opening technology is adopted to ensure that bamboo sticks are not blown off in wind and rain. In the traditional mode, the gunny bags and the threads are used for branch pulling in the next year, the formation of flower buds in the current year is less, and the branch unfolding control, the flower slow-release force and the fruit crown pressing are not facilitated.
6. The shaping method of the slender and upright trunk shape of the pear tree adopts common nursery stocks to build a garden, has wide sources and is suitable for the general requirements of domestic current production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the shaping method of the elongated vertical trunk shape of the pear tree.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in the attached figure 1, the shaping method of the elongated vertical trunk shape of the pear tree comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a net surface of the hedge frame: uniformly erecting 1 galvanized pipe support every 10m along a pear tree planting row, pouring the embedded end of each galvanized pipe support by using cement to enable the height of the ground part of each galvanized pipe support to be 3m, punching holes in the positions, which are 40cm, 90cm, 150cm and 200cm away from the ground, of the ground part of each galvanized pipe in a forward row, penetrating steel wires through the holes in the galvanized pipe supports at the same height, converging the steel wires at different heights at the head and the tail of the pear tree planting row, fixing ground anchors on the ground, and tensioning by using a wire tightener;
step 2, shaping in the first year;
step 2.1, planting the nursery stock: selecting nursery stocks with the height of more than 1.2m, the thickness of more than 1.0cm, full buds and robust roots for field planting, wherein the field planting row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, and the plant spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, planting the nursery stocks in a forward row along the net surface of the constructed hedgerow frame, watering the nursery stocks, and then vertically fixing the nursery stocks on the net surface of the hedgerow frame;
step 2.2, drying: after the seedlings are planted, the seedlings are subjected to stem fixing within 1-2 days, the stem fixing height is set to be 45-48 cm, full buds are found at the positions, 45-48 cm away from the ground, of the seedlings, and stem fixing is carried out at the positions, 1-2 cm away from the upper parts of the buds;
step 2.3, bud picking: after the buds germinate, keeping 2 buds below the cut, immediately erasing other buds which cannot be erased completely at one time, erasing the buds for multiple times in the whole growing season, keeping 2 buds, wherein one bud is a sacrificial bud, preferentially keeping the other bud after the other bud survives, and immediately erasing the other bud;
step 2.4, vertically binding the lignified part of the young sprout on the net surface: along with the growth of the bud, the young shoots grow high, lignified parts of the young shoots are vertically bound on the net surface, branches are prevented from bending to grow, the top advantages of the young shoots are guaranteed, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, nitrogen fertilizers are properly applied in the early stage, potassium fertilizers are properly applied in the later stage, and water control is paid attention to in the later stage so as to guarantee the height, thickness and fullness of the nursery stock;
step 3, shaping in the second year;
step 3.1, bud carving: bud carving treatment is carried out on the nursery stocks shaped in the first year to promote the center trunk to branch, bud carving is carried out on the position, which is 20cm away from the top end, of the center trunk, the bud carving time is about one week before the sprouts germinate, the bud carving method comprises the steps of utilizing a saw blade or a bud carving knife to wind the sprouts 1/2-2/3 circles at the position 0.5-1.0 cm above the sprouts, slightly carving the buds to the xylem, and carving the buds at the position 20cm away from the top end in a bud carving mode;
step 3.2, opening a base angle: when the young shoots promoted on the central trunk grow to 16-20 cm, opening base angles by adopting toothpicks with two sharp ends, wherein the base angle is preferably 65-80 degrees;
step 3.3, opening waist corners: when the young shoots grow to 30-35 cm, adopting bamboo sticks, inserting one tip end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the central trunk, cutting one round end of each bamboo stick into a trapezoidal surface by using a pair of pruning shears according to the required length, placing the bamboo sticks at a proper position of the young shoots, enabling waist angles to reach 70-80 degrees, enabling the waist angles of the young shoots at the lower parts of the central trunk to be properly larger and reach 80-90 degrees, and inhibiting the young shoots from growing vigorously by opening the waist angles along with the continuous growth of the young shoots on the central trunk, wherein the young shoots are slightly inclined to grow vigorously;
step 3.4, thinning and branching: after the buds on the central trunk germinate, starting to dredge excessive branches, reserving 30-35 branches on the whole tree, uniformly reserving 30-35 branches on the whole tree in the middle and later growth stages of spring shoots according to tree shape requirements, and dredging the rest branches from the base;
and 3.5, promoting the formation of flower buds: before the young shoots stop growing in 7 months in the current year, spraying 800-1000 mg/L paclobutrazol solution on branches at the lower part of a tree body to promote branch growth stop and flower bud formation;
step 4, shaping in the third year;
step 4.1, managing the central trunk extension branches: continuously bud carving is carried out on the central trunk extension branches, so that the total reserved branches of the whole tree reach 35-40;
step 4.2, management of lateral branches: and (3) thinning the side branches exceeding the central trunk thickness of 1/3, removing the remained peg, utilizing the hidden buds, branching again, thinning the upper back branches and the thick branches of the remained side branches, and strengthening and maintaining the weak branches.
The aperture of the hole punched in the step 1 is 1.5-4.0 mm.
The buried depth of the ground anchor in the step 1 is 80cm, and the inclination angle of the ground anchor is 30-40 degrees.
The filled buds in step 2.2 are selected in the northwest direction.
And 3.1, a step of carrying out plastic sleeving on the bud-carved branches and a step of removing the plastic sleeving are also included, and the plastic sleeving is removed when the young shoots grow to be 3-5 cm.
The step 3.1 also comprises a step of carrying out winter pruning on the extended branches of the central branches, and the weak branch and weak bud of the central branches of the main branches are reserved after the winter pruning.
In the step 3.4, stronger and vigorous branches are removed, and moderate and weak branches are reserved.
The step 4.1 also comprises the step of repeating the operation of shaping in the second year.
And 4.2, thinning out competitive branches with strong branch heads, and keeping the lateral branches to be uniaxial and not extending.
Comparative example 1
Conventional reshaping method
Shaping in the first year: planting in the north-south direction at a plant spacing of 2.0m and a row spacing of 4.0-4.5 m. After field planting, the nursery stock is righted by using a bamboo pole, the trunk is fixed at the full bud position of 80-100 cm, more than 50cm is fixed, one bud is carved at intervals of 2-3 buds, and branch taking and branch pulling are carried out when the lateral branches grow to 30-40 cm.
Shaping in the second year: and (3) removing all the lateral branches grown on the central trunk in the first year, and remaining the stub when removing, and inducing weak branches again. And (3) cutting the central trunk extension branches at the height of 70-90 cm, bud carving the central trunk extension branches according to the method in the first year to promote branching, and carrying out branch picking and branch pulling when the lateral branches grow to 40 cm.
Shaping in the third year: and (3) appropriately remaining the peg for thinning and removing the side branches with stronger growing potential on the central trunk, appropriately cutting off the side branches with stronger growing potential on the central trunk to promote the growth of the extension branches, and continuously cutting buds in the next year to promote the branching.
After 3-4 years of cultivation, the tree height can reach 3.0-3.5 m, 25-35 lateral branches are arranged on the main branch, and the crown width is 2.0-2.5 m.
After the leaves fall in autumn of the first year of field planting, comparing 30 pear trees treated by the shaping method of the embodiment 1 and the pear trees treated by the shaping method of the comparative example 1, wherein the average plant height of the embodiment 1 can reach 308.5cm, the average number of plump buds on the central trunk is 58.6, and the number of lateral branches is 0; the average plant height of the comparative example 1 is 231.6cm, the average number of plump buds on the central trunk is 30.3, the average number of growing lateral branches is 5.1, the average length of the lateral branches is 61.1cm, the average branch ratio is 1:2.01 and exceeds 1:3, all branches are subjected to peg thinning and pruning when being cut in winter, and weak branches are induced again.
After the leaves of the pear trees are fixedly planted in autumn of the second year, comparing 30 pear trees treated by the shaping method of the embodiment 1 with those treated by the pear trees treated by the shaping method of the comparative example 1 again, wherein the average plant height of the pear trees in the embodiment 1 is 328.8cm, the average number of the growing branches on the central trunk is 36.3, the average length of the branches is 31.4cm, the ratio of the branches to the stems is 1:3.21, the branches are uniformly distributed, and the spacing between branches on the same side is kept between 10 cm and 15 cm; the average plant height of the comparative example 1 is 288.4cm, the average number of growing branches on the central trunk is 25.6, the average branch length is 48.7cm, the ratio of branches to trunks is 1:2.94, the branches are uniformly distributed, and the distance between branches on the same side is kept between 10 cm and 15 cm.
After the fruits are matured in the third year of field planting, the pear trees treated by the shaping method of the example 1 and the pear trees treated by the shaping method of the comparative example 1 are further compared, wherein 30 pear trees are compared, the average plant height of the pear trees is 356.4cm, 41.2 branches are uniformly planted on the central trunk, the average branch length is 48.6cm, and the branch-to-trunk ratio is 1: 3.15, the crown width is 116.8 cm; the average plant height of the comparative example is 332.0cm, 32.5 branches are evenly grown on the central trunk, the average branch length is 63cm, the base branch spread is large, and the branch-trunk ratio is more than 1:2, the crown width reaches 213.1 cm. Yield of 30 trees is measured and is converted into yield per mu, wherein 167 plants are planted per mu (the row spacing of the planted plants is 1m multiplied by 4m) in example 1, the yield per mu is 1345.0kg, 84 plants are planted per mu (the row spacing of the planted plants is 2m multiplied by 4m) in comparative example 1, and the yield per mu is 534.5 kg. Thus, the shaping work is basically completed.
After the fruit is matured in the fourth year of field planting, the pear trees treated by the shaping method of the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 are subjected to further yield measurement and labor comparison, 30 pear trees are compared, the average yield per mu of the embodiment 1 is 4354.3kg, 28.9 workers are used for managing each mu of an orchard, the average yield per mu of the comparative example 1 is 3465.6kg, and 34.4 workers are used for managing each mu of the orchard.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and alterations that may occur to one skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A shaping method of a long and thin vertical trunk shape of a pear tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a net surface of the hedge frame: uniformly erecting 1 galvanized pipe support every 10m along a pear tree planting row, pouring the embedded end of each galvanized pipe support by using cement to enable the height of the ground part of each galvanized pipe support to be 3m, punching holes in the positions, which are 40cm, 90cm, 150cm and 200cm away from the ground, of the ground part of each galvanized pipe in a forward row, penetrating steel wires through the holes in the galvanized pipe supports at the same height, converging the steel wires at different heights at the head and the tail of the pear tree planting row, fixing ground anchors on the ground, and tensioning by using a wire tightener;
step 2, shaping in the first year;
step 2.1, planting the nursery stock: selecting nursery stocks with the height of more than 1.2m, the thickness of more than 1.0cm, full buds and robust roots for field planting, wherein the field planting row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, and the plant spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, planting the nursery stocks in a forward row along the net surface of the constructed hedgerow frame, watering the nursery stocks, and then vertically fixing the nursery stocks on the net surface of the hedgerow frame;
step 2.2, drying: drying the seedlings after the fixed planting is finished for 1-2 days, setting the height of the dried seedlings to be 45-48 cm, finding a full bud of the seedlings at a distance of 45-48 cm from the ground, and drying the seedlings at a position of 1-2 cm above the bud body;
step 2.3, bud picking: after the buds germinate, keeping 2 buds below the cut, immediately erasing other buds which cannot be erased completely at one time, erasing the buds for multiple times in the whole growing season, keeping 2 buds, wherein one bud is a sacrificial bud, preferentially keeping the other bud after the other bud survives, and immediately erasing the other bud;
step 2.4, vertically binding the lignified part of the young sprout on the net surface: along with the growth of the bud, the young shoots grow high, lignified parts of the young shoots are vertically bound on the net surface, branches are prevented from bending to grow, the top advantages of the young shoots are guaranteed, water and fertilizer management is enhanced, nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the early stage, potassium fertilizers are applied in the later stage, and water control in the later stage is paid attention to, so that the height, thickness and fullness of the nursery stock growth are guaranteed;
step 3, shaping in the second year;
step 3.1, bud carving: bud carving treatment is carried out on the nursery stocks shaped in the first year to promote the branches of the central trunk, bud carving is carried out on the position, which is 20cm away from the top end, of the central trunk, the bud carving time is about one week before the sprouts germinate, the bud carving method comprises the steps of winding 1/2-2/3 circles of the sprouts by using a saw blade or a bud carving knife at the position 0.5-1.0 cm above the sprouts, and slightly carving the buds to xylem;
step 3.2, opening a base angle: when the young shoots promoted on the central trunk grow to 16-20 cm, opening base angles by adopting toothpicks with two sharp ends, wherein the base angle is preferably 65-80 degrees;
step 3.3, opening waist corners: when the young shoots grow to 30-35 cm, inserting one end of the bamboo stick tip into the phloem of the central stem, cutting one end of the bamboo stick tip into an inclined plane by using a pair of pruning shears according to the required length, and placing the inclined plane at a proper position of the young shoots so that the waist angle reaches 70-80 degrees, and the waist angle of the young shoots at the lower part of the central stem reaches 80-90 degrees;
step 3.4, thinning and branching: after the buds on the central trunk germinate, starting to dredge excessive branches, and reserving 30-35 branches in the whole tree;
and 3.5, promoting the formation of flower buds: before the young shoots stop growing in 7 months in the current year, spraying 800-1000 mg/L paclobutrazol solution on branches at the lower part of a tree body to promote branch growth stop and flower bud formation;
step 4, shaping in the third year;
step 4.1, managing the central trunk extension branches: continuously bud carving is carried out on the central trunk extension branches, so that the total reserved branches of the whole tree reach 35-40;
step 4.2, management of lateral branches: thinning the side branches exceeding the central trunk thickness of 1/3, removing the remained peg, utilizing the hidden buds, branching again, thinning the upper back branches and the thick branches of the remained side branches, and removing the strong branches and the weak branches;
and 3.1, carrying out plastic sleeving on the bud-carved branches and removing the plastic sleeving, wherein the plastic sleeving is removed when young shoots grow to 3-5 cm.
2. The method for shaping the shape of the long and thin vertical trunk of the pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the holes punched in the step 1 is 1.5-4.0 mm.
3. The method for shaping the shape of the long and thin vertical trunk of a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the anchor block is buried by 80cm in the step 1, and the inclination angle of the anchor block is 30-40 °.
4. A method for shaping the shape of an elongated upright trunk of a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the plump buds in step 2.2 are selected in the northwest direction.
5. The method for shaping the shape of the long and thin vertical main trunk of the pear tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3.1 further comprises the step of performing winter pruning on the extended branches of the central trunk, and the 'weak branch and weak bud' of the central trunk of the main branch are reserved after the winter pruning.
6. The method for shaping the elongated vertical trunk shape of a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3.4, vigorous branches are removed and weak branches are retained.
7. The method for reshaping the elongated upright trunk of a pear tree as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of repeating the second year reshaping step at step 4.1.
8. The method for shaping the elongated vertical trunk of a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the step 4.2 further comprises the step of thinning out competitive branches with strong branches, and the lateral branches are kept uniaxially unextended.
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| CN201710034846.0A CN106613710B (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2017-01-17 | Shaping method for long and thin vertical trunk shape of pear tree |
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| CN107593145A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-01-19 | 铜仁市满堂红农业科技有限公司 | A kind of individual plant cultural method of the shoulder type tree crown of plant of Lagerstroemia one |
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| CN108651130A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-16 | 河北农业大学 | Method for quickly forming young fruit trees |
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| CN109496589A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-22 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of pears dense planting high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its shaping and trimming method |
| CN111990149A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-27 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for cultivating Tilia miqueliana fine-quality full-crown engineering seedlings |
| CN113207524A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Pruning method and planting method for birch-leaf pear seedlings |
| CN113197010A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-03 | 李云峰 | Pear early-harvest method |
| CN116195460A (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-06-02 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for preventing and controlling pear trunk basal burn and preventing grass and preserving soil moisture of tree plate |
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