CN105594538A - Pear bud seedling yield improving method used at early stage of orchard construction - Google Patents
Pear bud seedling yield improving method used at early stage of orchard construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594538A CN105594538A CN201510960007.2A CN201510960007A CN105594538A CN 105594538 A CN105594538 A CN 105594538A CN 201510960007 A CN201510960007 A CN 201510960007A CN 105594538 A CN105594538 A CN 105594538A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pear bud seedling yield improving method used at an early stage of orchard construction. The pear bud seedling yield improving method used at the early stage of orchard construction comprises the steps of bud seedling selection, bud seedling planting, first-year management after planting, second-year management and third-year management and the like. The pear bud seedling yield improving method used at the early stage of orchard construction combines with many years of experimental screening and actual production and adopts bud seedling orchard construction and thin and long cylindrical tree shapes, and the early-stage yield-improving objectives of current-year planting, second-year forming, third-year production and fourth-year yield improving can be achieved by adopting 'carving, twisting and wiping' and other technologies and a scientific management method. The problems of large construction difficulty, high cost, late fruiting and late benefits of an existing big seedling orchard can be solved, traditional biennial big seedling orchard construction is changed into annual big seedling orchard construction, traditional four-year forming is changed into two-year forming, traditional six-year yield improving is changed into four-year yield improving, and the pear bud seedling yield improving method has remarkable economic benefits and popularization and application values.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree plantation breeding method, be specifically related to a kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method.
Background technology
The crisp sweet succulence of pear fruit, is rich in multivitamin and mineral matter, nutritious, and has good medical value, is deeply subject toThe people of other countries like. China is maximum in the world pears producing country, but for a long time, cultivation mode and managerial skills fall behind,Production efficiency is very low.
Pears are perennial woody fruit trees, and traditional cultivation mode adopts large hat thin planting pattern, and tree body level is many, and difficult management needsExpend a large amount of costs of labor; Build garden to operation from field planting, need the time of 4 to 5 years, economic well-being of workers and staff is more late; After operationThe easy closing in orchard, cause disease and pest to spread. Current China rural laborer is in short supply, human cost constantly rises, exploitationPrecocity fruiting, early the cultivation technique of high yield is reduction theatre administrative skill difficulty, reduces orchard production cost, does sth. in advance income, economyInevitable choice efficiently.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to build in order to solve existing seedlings that garden difficulty is large, cost is high, result is late, benefit is slowProblem. Build for grower provides one that garden cost is low, technology is simple, strong operability, management easily, can obtain early bearing high yieldCultivate object, there is the Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method of distinct economic and application value.
Technical scheme: in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of bud seedling:
More than autumn Mo selects trunk diameter rugosity 1cm, budder full, main root is flourishing, 10 above annual stalwartness, anvils of fibrous rootWood is the bud sheet seedling of birch-leaf pear (beans pears).
(2) bud seedling is planted:
1) orchard smooth after, according to the line-spacing of 3～3.5m, excavate dark 80～100cm along North and South direction, the field planting ditch of wide 80～100cm;
2) in field planting ditch, put into the agricultural crop straw that 40～50cm is thick;
3) in field planting ditch, apply the farm manure that 5～10cm is thick again;
4) with soil, field planting trench backfill is extremely equal with ground;
5) water permeablely to field planting ditch, make soil heavy real;
6) on field planting ditch by the spacing in the rows field planting bud seedling of 0.75～1m. The depth of planting is imbedded below ground 1.5～2.5cm with collar portion, transfersMeeting the position 5cm that at least bassets is advisable above;
7) water permeable to field planting ditch;
8) treat that field planting ditch soil is slightly dry, cover black mulch film or ground cloth on field planting ditch, mulch film or cloth edge, ground are real by soil pressure, thereby carryHigh-geotemperature, keeps soil moisture content, and management of weeds promotes root growth;
(3) plant after First Year management
1) before germination, in 0.5～0.8cm place, kind bud sheet top of grafting, stock top is cut;
2) about 15 days, water a backwater, last till by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content;
3) tender shoots of erasing in time stock pumping after germination, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud sends;
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grows to 20～30cm when high, and the vertical upper high bamboo pole of 2m is made supporter, by nursery stock along bamboo poleBondage is good;
5) the upper branch of sprouting of limb of erasing in time, keeps Grafted Variety to go alone upwards growth;
6) the weak pears seedling that does not grow to 20cm length after the middle ten days in May grafting bud being sprouted sprays 300～400mgL-1Gibberellins solution,Sprayed once every 15～18 days, spray continuously 3～4 times;
7) at the beginning of 6 months, start in conjunction with watering, every tree is used 25～30g urea, uses 1 time continuous administration 6～8 every 15～18 daysInferior, guarantee that sapling highly reaches 2～3m then, more than more than 80% trunk diameter reaches 1cm;
8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
9) during, carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
(4) Second Year management after field planting
1), rudiment the last week, facing to raw, more than apart from ground 80cm, the bud of trunk diameter more than 1cm all carved bud placeReason, concrete grammar for little hacksaw blade under 0.3～0.5cm place leveling saw above bud, deeply reach xylem, wooden on a small quantity to saw outPortion's wood chip is advisable; Conventionally process and carve 30～40 left and right of bud. ;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies the urea of 25～30g;
3) after, applied 25～30g urea every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
4), after mid-May, in the time growing to 30～40cm length through the branch of carving bud generation, branch is turned round to tip processing. Specific practiceBe with thumb and forefinger pinch apart from the branch rear portion of dry 2～3cm, clockwise branch is reversed to 180 °, make branch xylem injured,And make branch and trunk be 50 ° of angles;
5) turn round after the tip and applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 25～30g every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering, continuous fertilization 4～6 times, no longerSingly execute urea;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
7) during, carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) applying farm manure apart from trunk 40～50cm place trench digging by the end of October, every mu applies 2～3 side's farm manures;
(5) management in the 3rd year after field planting
1) rudiment the last week, to carve last year do not sprout after bud and in the newly-increased bud in dry top carve bud processing, method is the same;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies 50～60g urea;
3) apply 50～60gN, P, K composite fertilizer in conjunction with every the tree of watering before blooming;
4) carry out fruit thinning the first tenday period of a month in May, stay 2～3 fruits depending on the each branch of tree body size;
5) applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 50～60g every 15～18 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering mid-June, connect and execute 2～3 times;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
7) growing period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation;
As preferred version, above-described a kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, can realize following yield index:
1) the 3rd year every mu of ground output can reach 2000～3000 jin;
2) the 4th year every mu of ground output can reach 4000～5000 jin;
3) the 5th year every mu of ground output can reach 8000～10000 jin.
As preferred version, above-described a kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, step (2) bud seedling is planted:
1) orchard smooth after, according to the line-spacing of 3m～3.5m, excavate dark 80cm along North and South direction, the field planting ditch of wide 80cm;
2) in field planting ditch, put into the agricultural crop straw that 40cm is thick;
3) in field planting ditch, apply the farm manure that 5～10cm is thick again;
4) with soil, field planting trench backfill is extremely equal with ground;
5) water permeablely to field planting ditch, make soil heavy real;
6) on field planting ditch by the spacing in the rows field planting bud seedling of 0.75～1m; The depth of planting is imbedded below ground 1.5～2.5cm with collar portion, transfersMeeting the position 5cm that at least bassets is advisable above;
7) water permeable to field planting ditch;
8) treat that field planting ditch soil is slightly dry, cover black mulch film or ground cloth on field planting ditch, mulch film or cloth edge, ground are real by soil pressure, thereby carryHigh-geotemperature, keeps soil moisture content, and management of weeds promotes root growth.
As preferred version, above-described a kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, step (3) plant after First Year management:
1) before germination, in the 0.5cm place, kind bud sheet top of grafting, stock top is cut;
2) within 15～20 days, water water one time, last till by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content;
3) tender shoots of erasing in time stock pumping after germination, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud sends;
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grows to 20～30cm when high, and the vertical upper high bamboo pole of 2m is made supporter, by nursery stock along bamboo poleBondage is good;
5) the upper branch of sprouting of limb of erasing in time, keeps Grafted Variety to go alone upwards growth;
6) the weak pears seedling that does not grow to 20cm length after the middle ten days in May grafting bud being sprouted sprays 300～400mgL-1Gibberellin moltenLiquid, sprayed once every 15～18 days, sprayed continuously 3 times;
7) at the beginning of 6 months, start in conjunction with watering, every tree is used 25～30g urea, used 1 time every 15 days, and continuous administration 6 times, reallyProtect sapling and highly reach then 2～3m, more than more than 80% trunk diameter reaches 1cm;
8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
9) during, can carry out normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation.
As preferred version, above-described a kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, Second Year management after step (4) field planting:
1), rudiment the last week, facing to raw, more than apart from ground 80cm, the bud of trunk diameter more than 1cm all carved bud placeReason, concrete grammar is: under 0.3～0.5cm place leveling saw above bud, deeply reach xylem with little hacksaw blade, to saw out a small amount of woodMatter portion wood chip is advisable, and conventionally processes and carves 30～40 left and right of bud. ;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies the urea of 25g;
3) after, applied 25g urea every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
4), after early and middle ten days in May, in the time growing to 30～40cm length through the branch of carving bud generation, branch is turned round to tip processing. Specifically doMethod is the branch rear portion that pinches dry 2～3cm in distance with thumb and forefinger, clockwise branch is reversed to 180 °, and branch xylem is subject toHinder and make branch and trunk be 50 ° of angles;
5) turn round after the tip and applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 25g every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering, continuous fertilization 4 times, no longer singly executes urineElement;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
7) during, carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) applying farm manure apart from trunk 40～50cm place trench digging by the end of October, every mu applies 2～3 side's farm manures.
As preferred version, above a kind of Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, management in the 3rd year after step (5) field planting:
1) rudiment the last week, to carve last year do not sprout after bud and in the newly-increased bud in dry top carve bud processing, deeply reach xylem alsoTo in dry rugosity be directly proportional;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies 50g urea;
3) apply 50gN, P, K composite fertilizer in conjunction with every the tree of watering before blooming;
4) carry out fruit thinning the first tenday period of a month in May, stay 2～3 fruits depending on the each branch of tree body size;
5) applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 50g every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering mid-June, connect and execute 2～3 times;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
7) during, carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation of normal need;
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation;
Beneficial effect: the present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
Li Yamiaojian provided by the invention garden early high-yield method, by experiment screening for many years, actual in conjunction with producing, adopt bud seedlingBuild the tree-like of garden and elongated cylindrical, by technology such as " carve, turn round, smear " and applying fertilizers scientifically and scientific management methods, can realize pearsPlant then, within 2 years, be shaped in garden, the cultivation object of go into operation for 3 years, 4 years getting bumper crops. The present invention builds that garden cost is low, technology is simple, behaviourThe property done is strong, and management easily, can be within 2 years, common 4 years, to go into operation to become 3 by common 4 years shaping time shortens after the field planting of pears seedlingsYear operation, 6 years high yields become 4 years high yields; Solve existing seedlings and built that garden difficulty is large, cost is high, result is late, benefit is slowProblem, has significant economic benefit and application value.
Detailed description of the invention
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood. But, those skilled in the art will readily understand embodimentDescribed concrete material proportion, process conditions and result thereof be only for the present invention is described, and should also can not limit rightThe present invention described in detail in claim. All technology realizing based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1. a Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of bud seedling:
More than autumn Mo selects trunk diameter rugosity 1cm, budder full, main root is flourishing, 10 above annual stalwartness, anvils of fibrous rootWood is the bud sheet seedling of birch-leaf pear (beans pears).
(2) the bud seedling of planting:
1) orchard smooth after, according to the line-spacing of 3～3.5m, excavate dark 80cm along North and South direction, the field planting ditch of wide 80cm;
2) in field planting ditch, put into the agricultural crop straw that 40cm is thick;
3) in field planting ditch, apply the farm manure that 5～10cm is thick again;
4) with soil, field planting trench backfill is extremely equal with ground;
5) water permeablely to field planting ditch, make soil heavy real;
6) on field planting ditch by the spacing in the rows field planting bud seedling of 0.75～1m; The depth of planting is imbedded below ground 2cm left and right with collar portion,The grafting part 5cm that at least bassets is advisable above;
7) water permeable to field planting ditch;
8) treat that field planting ditch soil is slightly dry, cover black mulch film or ground cloth on field planting ditch, mulch film or cloth edge, ground are real by soil pressure, fromAnd raising ground temperature keeps soil moisture content, management of weeds, promotes root growth;
(3) plant after First Year management
1) before germination, in the 0.5cm place, kind bud sheet top of grafting, stock top is cut;
2) about approximately 10 days, water a backwater, last till by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content;
3) tender shoots of erasing in time stock pumping after germination, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud sends;
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grows to 20～30cm when high, and the vertical upper high bamboo pole of 2m is made supporter, by nursery stock edgeBamboo pole bondage is good;
5) the upper branch of sprouting of limb of erasing in time, keeps Grafted Variety to go alone upwards growth;
6) do not grow to the long thin and delicate young sprout of 20cm after the middle ten days in May grafting bud being sprouted and spray 300～400mgL-1GibberellinSolution, sprayed once every 15 days, sprayed continuously 3 times;
7) at the beginning of 6 months, start in conjunction with watering, every tree is used 25g urea, used 1 time every 15 days, and continuous administration 6 times,Guarantee that sapling highly reaches more than 2～3m, more than 80% trunk diameter reach 1cm then;
8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep grass in the ranksHeight does not affect sapling growth below 40cm;
9) during, carry out normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
(4) Second Year management after field planting
1) in rudiment the last week facing to raw more than apart from ground 80cm, the bud of trunk diameter more than 1cm all carved budProcess, specifically with little hacksaw blade under 0.3～0.5cm place leveling saw above bud, deeply reach xylem, to saw out a small amount of xylemWood chip is advisable, and conventionally carves bud and processes 30～40;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies the urea of 25g;
3) after, applied 25g urea every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
4), after early and middle ten days in May, in the time growing to 30～40cm length through the branch of carving bud generation, branch is turned round to tip processing. ToolBody way is the branch rear portion that pinches dry 2～3cm in distance with thumb and forefinger, clockwise branch is reversed to 180 °, makes branch woodenPortion is injured and make branch and trunk be 50 ° of angles;
5) turn round after the tip and applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 25g, continuous fertilization 4 times every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep grass in the ranksHeight does not affect sapling up-growth below 40cm;
7) during, carry out normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) applying farm manure apart from trunk 40～50cm place trench digging by the end of October, every mu applies 2～3 side's farm manures;
(5) management in the 3rd year after field planting
1) after the last week is carved bud to last year in rudiment, do not sprout and in the newly-increased bud in dry top carve bud processing, method is the same;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies 50g urea;
3) apply 50gN, P, K composite fertilizer in conjunction with every the tree of watering before blooming;
4) carry out fruit thinning the first tenday period of a month in May, stay 2～3 fruits depending on the each branch of tree body size;
5) applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 50g every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering mid-June, connect and execute 2～3 times;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep grass in the ranksHeight does not affect sapling up-growth below 40cm;
7) during, carry out normal prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation;
(6) yield index
1) the 3rd year every mu of ground output can reach 2000～3000 jin of left and right;
2) the 4th year every mu of ground output can reach 4000～5000 jin;
3) the 5th year every mu of ground output can reach 8000～10000 jin.
Above embodiment is only explanation technical conceive of the present invention and feature, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art understandContent of the present invention being implemented, can not limit the scope of the invention with this, and all according to the present invention, Spirit Essence doesEquivalence changes or modifies, and all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a Li Yamiaojian garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of bud seedling:
More than autumn Mo selects trunk diameter rugosity 1cm, budder full, main root is flourishing, 10 above annual stalwartnesses of fibrous root,Stock is the bud sheet seedling of birch-leaf pear or beans pears;
(2) bud seedling is planted:
1) field smooth after, according to the line-spacing of 3～3.5m, excavate dark 80～100cm along North and South direction, the field planting ditch of wide 80～100cm;
2) in field planting ditch, put into the agricultural crop straw that 40～50cm is thick;
3) in field planting ditch, apply the farm manure that 5～10cm is thick again;
4) with soil, field planting trench backfill is extremely equal with ground;
5) water permeablely to field planting ditch, make soil heavy real;
6) on field planting ditch by the spacing in the rows field planting bud seedling of 0.75～1m; Before field planting, first root system is suitably pruned, cut off and hinder root and overstockedFibrous root. The depth of planting is imbedded below ground 1.5～2.5cm with collar portion, and the grafting part 5cm that at least bassets is advisable above;
7) planting backward field planting ditch waters permeable;
8) treat that field planting ditch soil is slightly dry, cover black mulch film or ground cloth on field planting ditch, mulch film or cloth edge, ground are real by soil pressure, thereby carryHigh-geotemperature, keeps soil moisture content, and management of weeds promotes root growth;
(3) plant after First Year management
1) before germination, in 0.5～0.8cm place, kind bud sheet top of grafting, stock top is cut;
2) within every 15～20 days, water a backwater, last till by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content good;
3) tender shoots of erasing in time stock pumping after germination, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud sends;
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grows to 20～30cm when high, and the vertical upper high bamboo pole of 2m is made supporter, by nursery stock along bamboo poleBondage is good;
5) the upper branch of sprouting of limb of erasing in time, keeps Grafted Variety to go alone upwards growth;
6) the thin and delicate young sprout that does not grow to 20cm length after the middle ten days in May grafting bud being sprouted sprays 300～400mgL-1Gibberellins solution,Sprayed once every 15～18 days, spray continuously 3～4 times;
7) at the beginning of 6 months, start in conjunction with watering, every tree is used 25～30g urea, uses 1 time continuous administration 5～6 every 15～18 daysInferior, more than guaranteeing that sapling highly reaches 2m then, more than more than 80% trunk diameter reaches 1cm;
8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
9) growing period carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, guarantees sapling health;
(4) Second Year management after field planting
1), rudiment the last week, facing to raw, more than apart from ground 80cm, trunk diameter is greater than the bud of 1cm and all carves bud processing,Concrete grammar for little hacksaw blade under 0.3～0.5cm place leveling saw above bud, deeply reach xylem, to saw out a small amount of xylem woodBits are advisable; Conventionally carve bud and process 30～40;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies the urea of 25～30g;
3) after, applied 25～30g urea every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
4), after mid-May, in the time growing to 30～40cm length through the branch of carving bud generation, branch is turned round to tip processing. Specific practiceBe the branch rear portion that thumb and forefinger tightly pinch dry 2～3cm in distance, clockwise branch reversed to 180 °, branch xylem is subject toHinder and make branch and trunk be 50 ° of angles;
5) turn round after the tip and applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 25～30g, continuous fertilization 4～6 times every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
7) during, carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) applying farm manure apart from trunk 40～50cm place trench digging by the end of October, every mu applies 2～3 side's farm manures;
(5) management in the 3rd year after field planting
1) rudiment the last week, to carve last year do not sprout after bud and in the newly-increased bud in dry top carve again bud processing, method and last yearIdentical;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies 50～60g urea;
3) apply 50～60gN, P, K composite fertilizer in conjunction with every the tree of watering before blooming;
4) carry out fruit thinning the first tenday period of a month in May, stay 2～3 fruits depending on the each branch of tree body size;
5) applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 50～60g every 15～18 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering mid-June, connect and execute 2～3 times;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep natural plant height degree in the ranksBelow 40cm;
7) growing period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) after fruit maturation, gather in time.
2. a kind of Li Yamiaojian according to claim 1 garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that,
Early high-yield index is:
1) the 3rd year every mu of ground output can reach 2000～3000 jin;
2) the 4th year every mu of ground output can reach 4000～5000 jin;
3) the 5th year every mu of ground output can reach 8000～10000 jin.
3. a kind of Li Yamiaojian according to claim 1 garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that, step (2) bud seedlingPlant:
1) orchard smooth after, according to the line-spacing of 3～3.5m, excavate dark 80～100cm along North and South direction, the field planting ditch of wide 80～100cm;
2) in field planting ditch, put into the agricultural crop straw that 40～50cm is thick;
3) in field planting ditch, apply the farm manure that 5～10cm is thick again;
4) with soil, field planting trench backfill is extremely equal with ground;
5) water permeablely to field planting ditch, make soil heavy real;
6) on field planting ditch by the spacing in the rows field planting bud seedling of 0.75～1m. The depth of planting is imbedded below ground 1.5～2.5cm with collar portion, transfersMeeting the position 5cm that at least bassets is advisable above;
7) water permeable to field planting ditch;
8) treat that field planting ditch soil is slightly dry, cover black mulch film or ground cloth on field planting ditch, mulch film or cloth edge, ground are real by soil pressure, thereby carryHigh-geotemperature, keeps soil moisture content, and management of weeds promotes root growth.
4. a kind of Li Yamiaojian according to claim 1 garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that, step (3) is plantedRear First Year management:
1) before germination, in 0.5～0.8cm place, kind bud sheet top of grafting, stock top is cut;
2) within every 15～20 days, water water one time, last till by the end of May, to keep soil moisture content good;
3) tender shoots of erasing in time stock pumping after germination, retains the tender shoots that Grafted Variety bud sends;
4) branch of kind bud pumping to be grafted grows to 20～30cm when high, and the vertical upper high bamboo pole of 2m is made supporter, by nursery stock edgeBamboo pole bondage is good;
5) the upper branch of sprouting of limb of erasing in time, keeps Grafted Variety to go alone upwards growth;
6) do not grow to the long thin and delicate young sprout of 20cm after the middle ten days in May grafting bud being sprouted and spray 300～400mgL-1GibberellinSolution, sprayed once every 15～18 days, sprayed continuously 3 times;
7) at the beginning of 6 months, start in conjunction with watering, every tree is used 25～30g urea, used 1 time every 15 days, and continuous administration 6 times,Guarantee that sapling highly reaches 2～3m then, more than more than 80% trunk diameter reaches 1cm;
8) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep grass in the ranksHeight is below 40cm;
9) growing period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation.
5. a kind of Li Yamiaojian according to claim 1 garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that, step (4) field plantingRear Second Year management:
1), rudiment the last week, facing to raw, more than apart from ground 80cm, trunk diameter is complete at the bud of the above stem sample site of 1cmBud processing is carved by portion, concrete grammar for little hacksaw blade under 0.3～0.5cm place leveling saw above bud, deeply reach xylem, withSaw out a small amount of xylem wood chip and be advisable, conventionally process and carve 30～40 left and right of bud;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies the urea of 25～30g;
3) after, applied 25～30g urea every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
4), after mid-May, in the time growing to 30～40cm length through the branch of carving bud generation, branch is turned round to tip processing. SpecificallyWay is the branch rear portion that pinches dry 2～3cm in distance with thumb and forefinger, clockwise branch is reversed to 180 °, makes branch xylemInjured and make branch and trunk be 50 ° of angles;
5) turn round after the tip and applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 25～30g, continuous fertilization 4～6 times every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep grass in the ranksHeight is below 40cm;
7) growing period carries out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) applying farm manure apart from trunk 40～50cm place trench digging by the end of October, every mu applies 2～3 side's farm manures.
6. a kind of Li Yamiaojian according to claim 1 garden early high-yield method, is characterized in that, step (5) field plantingManagement in latter the 3rd year:
1) rudiment the last week, to carve last year do not sprout after bud and in the newly-increased bud in dry top carve bud processing, method is the same;
2) carve and water immediately once after bud permeablely, in conjunction with watering, every tree applies 50～60g urea;
3) apply 50～60gN, P, K composite fertilizer in conjunction with every the tree of watering before blooming;
4) carry out fruit thinning the first tenday period of a month in May, stay 2～3 fruits depending on the each branch of tree body size;
5) applied N, P, K composite fertilizer 50g every 15 days in conjunction with every the tree of watering mid-June, connect and execute 2～3 times;
6) search and repair and damage mulch film or ground cloth, keep in row, without grass, carrying out in time that weeds cradle or rotary tillage, keep grass in the ranksHeight is below 40cm;
7) during, carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control operation;
8) picking fruit after fruit maturation.
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| CN106342638A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Method for reinforcing trunks of trees in labor-saving manner for cultivating pyrus bretschneideri rehd trees |
| CN106613710A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Trimming method for elongated and upright trunks of pear trees |
| CN109618780A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-04-16 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of method of light simplified culture pears cylinder |
| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN112154842A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of pear trees |
| CN113197010A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-03 | 李云峰 | Pear early-harvest method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106342638A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所 | Method for reinforcing trunks of trees in labor-saving manner for cultivating pyrus bretschneideri rehd trees |
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| CN109997541A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-07-12 | .鄢陵县林业科学研究所 | A kind of seedling grafting management method |
| CN112154842A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of pear trees |
| CN113197010A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-03 | 李云峰 | Pear early-harvest method |
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| CN105594538B (en) | 2018-03-30 |
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