CN113197010A - Pear early-harvest method - Google Patents
Pear early-harvest method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197010A CN113197010A CN202110557974.XA CN202110557974A CN113197010A CN 113197010 A CN113197010 A CN 113197010A CN 202110557974 A CN202110557974 A CN 202110557974A CN 113197010 A CN113197010 A CN 113197010A
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- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012789 harvest method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 240000001987 Pyrus communis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 claims description 8
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[2-(benzenesulfonyl)ethyl]-3-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]-1h-indole Chemical compound CN1CCCC1CC(C1=C2)=CNC1=CC=C2CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PWVXXGRKLHYWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005730 Azoxystrobin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005866 Lime sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000560543 Osmia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] Chemical compound [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000895 acaricidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N azoxystrobin Chemical compound CO\C=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC1=CC(OC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C#N)=NC=N1 WFDXOXNFNRHQEC-GHRIWEEISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N monocrotophos Chemical compound CNC(=O)\C=C(/C)OP(=O)(OC)OC KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pear tree early-harvest method, which specifically comprises the following steps: 1) building a garden in autumn in the first year; 2) tree management in the second year; 3) and (5) management in the third year. The invention has the advantages that: the method for remarkably shortening the tree shape culture time of the young pear trees and early fruiting and high yield is provided, the young pear trees can be advanced to the high yield stage by more than 1-2 years by selecting high-quality nursery stocks for field planting, adopting measures of adventitious stem bud carving, sleeve after carving and strengthening management to build a tree body framework as soon as possible, one-year field planting is realized, two-year fruiting is realized, yield is realized for three years, and yield is realized for four years, and the early fruiting and high yield effect is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pear tree early-harvest method.
Background
With the development of social economy and the progress of science and technology, the agricultural production and management mode has changed day by day, and the times of eating by day through experience are not repeated, so that modern agriculture becomes a new industry with high technological content, high capital investment and pursuit of scale benefits. However, the characteristics of long young tree period and slow investment effect hinder the upgrading and further development of the pear industry, and how to provide an early-yielding method for pear trees becomes a research direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pear tree early-yielding method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the pear tree early-harvest method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) building a garden in autumn in the first year: selecting a high-quality pear seedling which has a flat terrain, a small slope, a gentle slope and no disease or insect pest, is built in a general sandy loam plot with the gentle slope below 5 degrees, is planted in autumn for 10 late ten days, has a trunk of one year, a seedling height of 1.5m and a ground diameter of more than 1cm, grows fully, has a plump bud body and has 3 to 4 lateral roots of more than 20cm and no disease or insect pest; digging planting furrows, wherein the north and south directions of the planting furrows are, the intervals among the furrows are 4m, the depth of the furrows is 60cm, the width of the furrows is 60cm, the upper layer surface soil of 30cm is dug out and placed on one side of the planting furrows, the lower layer soil of 30cm is placed on the other side of the planting furrows, 1000kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied according to every 666.7 square meters, the mixture is backfilled after the mixture is fully mixed with the dug surface soil, and the furrows are filled with large water and are sunk; before planting, cutting off withered and damaged roots of the seedlings, trimming over-grown roots, and soaking the seedlings in water doped with rooting powder and a bactericide for 12-24 hours to ensure that the root system fully absorbs water; determining planting points according to the interval of 1m, digging planting holes with the depth of 30cm and the length and the width of 30cm respectively by taking the planting points as the centers, putting the nursery stocks into the centers of the holes, planting the nursery stocks with the depth of about 30cm, filling soil while treading the nursery stocks, paying attention to the fact that the buried soil cannot be too thick, and exposing a grafting opening; watering, covering with mulching film, and selecting high-quality black film capable of effectively improving ground temperature;
2) and (3) tree management in the second year: bud carving is carried out before sap flows from the first ten days of March to the middle ten days of March, a cut is made 0.5cm-1cm above the bud, the transverse bark layer is carved to reach xylem, and other buds are all carved except buds with the root part of the trunk being below 60cm and the top tip being 30 cm; spraying amino acid to promote wound healing, and sleeving the bud carving operation by using a plastic film sleeve; plant protection work is well done, field management is enhanced, insecticide is sprayed in time, and young shoots and young leaves are protected; arranging tree forms, namely, carrying out shaping on branches with excessive growth vigor and an opening angle smaller than 60 degrees by taking the branches to generate an ideal opening angle and construct an ideal cylindrical tree form; fertilizer and water management, namely field management is enhanced on the basis of sufficient unfrozen water, and watering is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content; in the aspect of fertilization, in 3-6 months, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and water is supplied every 10 days; after 7 months, taking phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main material and high-quality organic fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces; watering once after fertilization, and watering and sealing frozen water before winter; topdressing is carried out before germination, after flower withering and in the fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are mainly used in the early period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the later period; watering in time after fertilizing; spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces in growing seasons;
3) and (3) management in the third year: managing before flowering, pouring frozen water at the bottom of 2 months, and applying 10 kilograms of high-nitrogen medium-phosphorus low-potassium compound fertilizer along with water per mu; spraying 3-5 ° lime sulphur mixture in the first ten days of 3 months, and watering in the last ten days according to soil moisture; managing the flowering phase, spraying medium trace fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering phase, and improving fruit setting; artificial pollination/machine pollination/osmia pollination; thinning fruits 7-10 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying disease and insect prevention in the last ten days, and spraying monocrotophos + carbendazim or carbendazim + abamectin imidacloprid in the last ten days, and spraying azoxystrobin + imidacloprid in the last ten days; management of young fruit period, namely, bagging is started in the first ten days of month 5, and the management is finished 20 days before month 5; watering according to the soil moisture content, and applying 10 kilograms of all-element fertilizer by combining with the watering; spraying pesticide in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and lesben; spraying pesticide in late 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and difenoconazole; when the young shoots grow to 15cm-20cm, the opening angle is 70-90 degrees, and pinching is carried out on the vigorous branches; managing the fruit expansion period, watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying chlormequat chloride or PBO on the leaf surface to control vigorous growth within 6 months, spraying nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on the leaf surface, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per thousand, and spraying for 2-3 times every 15 days; 10 kilograms of medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the beginning of 7 months; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and alternately using; managing after picking, watering according to soil moisture, spraying monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on leaf surfaces, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per mill, and spraying the potassium phosphate and the medium trace elements once every 15 days for 2-3 times; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and the pesticide and the acaricide are alternately used.
As a preferred scheme, multiple varieties are selected in the step 1) to build a garden, pollination is reasonably matched, and the workload of artificial pollination is reduced.
As a preferable scheme, a single variety with high fruiting rate is selected in the step 1) to construct a garden.
The invention has the advantages that: the method for remarkably shortening the tree shape culture time of the young pear trees and early fruiting and high yield is provided, the young pear trees can be advanced to the high yield stage by more than 1-2 years by selecting high-quality nursery stocks for field planting, adopting measures of adventitious stem bud carving, sleeve after carving and strengthening management to build a tree body framework as soon as possible, one-year field planting is realized, two-year fruiting is realized, yield is realized for three years, and yield is realized for four years, and the early fruiting and high yield effect is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated below by means of specific examples, without being restricted thereto.
Example 1
The pear tree early-harvest method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) building a garden in autumn in the first year: selecting a common sandy loam plot with flat terrain and small slope, building a garden in a gentle slope below 5 degrees, selecting autumn for planting, selecting multiple varieties for building the garden, reasonably collocating and pollinating, reducing the workload of artificial pollination, selecting a trunk as a annual, wherein the height of the seedling is 1.5m, the ground diameter is more than 1cm, the growth is full, the bud body is full, 3 to 4 lateral roots with the diameter of more than 20cm are provided, and the pear seedling has no disease or insect damage; digging planting furrows, wherein the north and south directions of the planting furrows are, the intervals among the furrows are 4m, the depth of the furrows is 60cm, the width of the furrows is 60cm, the upper layer surface soil of 30cm is dug out and placed on one side of the planting furrows, the lower layer soil of 30cm is placed on the other side of the planting furrows, 1000kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied according to every 666.7 square meters, the mixture is backfilled after the mixture is fully mixed with the dug surface soil, and the furrows are filled with large water and are sunk; before planting, cutting off withered and damaged roots of the seedlings, trimming over-grown roots, and soaking the seedlings in water doped with rooting powder and a bactericide for 12-24 hours to ensure that the root system fully absorbs water; determining planting points according to the interval of 1m, digging planting holes with the depth of 30cm and the length and the width of 30cm respectively by taking the planting points as the centers, putting the nursery stocks into the centers of the holes, planting the nursery stocks with the depth of about 30cm, filling soil while treading the nursery stocks, paying attention to the fact that the buried soil cannot be too thick, and exposing a grafting opening; watering, covering with mulching film, and selecting high-quality black film capable of effectively improving ground temperature;
2) and (3) tree management in the second year: bud carving is carried out before sap flows from the first ten days of March to the middle ten days of March, a cut is made 0.5cm-1cm above the bud, the transverse bark layer is carved to reach xylem, and other buds are all carved except buds with the root part of the trunk being below 60cm and the top tip being 30 cm; spraying amino acid to promote wound healing, and sleeving the bud carving operation by using a plastic film sleeve; plant protection work is well done, field management is enhanced, insecticide is sprayed in time, and young shoots and young leaves are protected; arranging tree forms, namely, carrying out shaping on branches with excessive growth vigor and an opening angle smaller than 60 degrees by taking the branches to generate an ideal opening angle and construct an ideal cylindrical tree form; fertilizer and water management, namely field management is enhanced on the basis of sufficient unfrozen water, and watering is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content; in the aspect of fertilization, in 3-6 months, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and water is supplied every 10 days; after 7 months, taking phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main material and high-quality organic fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces; watering once after fertilization, and watering and sealing frozen water before winter; topdressing is carried out before germination, after flower withering and in the fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are mainly used in the early period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the later period; watering in time after fertilizing; spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces in growing seasons;
3) and (3) management in the third year: managing before flowering, pouring frozen water at the bottom of 2 months, and applying 10 kilograms of high-nitrogen medium-phosphorus low-potassium compound fertilizer along with water per mu; spraying 3-5 ° lime sulphur mixture in the first ten days of 3 months, and watering in the last ten days according to soil moisture; managing the flowering phase, spraying medium trace fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering phase, and improving fruit setting; artificial pollination/machine pollination/osmia pollination; thinning fruits 7-10 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying disease and insect prevention in the last ten days, and spraying monocrotophos + carbendazim or carbendazim + abamectin imidacloprid in the last ten days, and spraying azoxystrobin + imidacloprid in the last ten days; management of young fruit period, namely, bagging is started in the first ten days of month 5, and the management is finished 20 days before month 5; watering according to the soil moisture content, and applying 10 kilograms of all-element fertilizer by combining with the watering; spraying pesticide in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and lesben; spraying pesticide in late 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and difenoconazole; when the young shoots grow to 15cm-20cm, the opening angle is 70-90 degrees, and pinching is carried out on the vigorous branches; managing the fruit expansion period, watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying chlormequat chloride or PBO on the leaf surface to control vigorous growth within 6 months, spraying nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on the leaf surface, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per thousand, and spraying for 2-3 times every 15 days; 10 kilograms of medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the beginning of 7 months; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and alternately using; managing after picking, watering according to soil moisture, spraying monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on leaf surfaces, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per mill, and spraying the potassium phosphate and the medium trace elements once every 15 days for 2-3 times; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and the pesticide and the acaricide are alternately used.
Example 2
The pear tree early-harvest method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) building a garden in autumn in the first year: selecting a common sandy loam plot with flat terrain and small slope, building a garden in a gentle slope below 5 degrees, selecting autumn for planting, selecting a single variety with high self-bearing rate for building the garden in the late 10 th day, selecting a variety with annual growth, the height of the seedling is 1.5m, the ground diameter is more than 1cm, the growth is full, the bud body is full, 3-4 lateral roots with more than 20cm are provided, and the pear seedlings have no diseases and insect pests; digging planting furrows, wherein the north and south directions of the planting furrows are, the intervals among the furrows are 4m, the depth of the furrows is 60cm, the width of the furrows is 60cm, the upper layer surface soil of 30cm is dug out and placed on one side of the planting furrows, the lower layer soil of 30cm is placed on the other side of the planting furrows, 1000kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied according to every 666.7 square meters, the mixture is backfilled after the mixture is fully mixed with the dug surface soil, and the furrows are filled with large water and are sunk; before planting, cutting off withered and damaged roots of the seedlings, trimming over-grown roots, and soaking the seedlings in water doped with rooting powder and a bactericide for 12-24 hours to ensure that the root system fully absorbs water; determining planting points according to the interval of 1m, digging planting holes with the depth of 30cm and the length and the width of 30cm respectively by taking the planting points as the centers, putting the nursery stocks into the centers of the holes, planting the nursery stocks with the depth of about 30cm, filling soil while treading the nursery stocks, paying attention to the fact that the buried soil cannot be too thick, and exposing a grafting opening; watering, covering with mulching film, and selecting high-quality black film capable of effectively improving ground temperature;
2) and (3) tree management in the second year: bud carving is carried out before sap flows from the first ten days of March to the middle ten days of March, a cut is made 0.5cm-1cm above the bud, the transverse bark layer is carved to reach xylem, and other buds are all carved except buds with the root part of the trunk being below 60cm and the top tip being 30 cm; spraying amino acid to promote wound healing, and sleeving the bud carving operation by using a plastic film sleeve; plant protection work is well done, field management is enhanced, insecticide is sprayed in time, and young shoots and young leaves are protected; arranging tree forms, namely, carrying out shaping on branches with excessive growth vigor and an opening angle smaller than 60 degrees by taking the branches to generate an ideal opening angle and construct an ideal cylindrical tree form; fertilizer and water management, namely field management is enhanced on the basis of sufficient unfrozen water, and watering is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content; in the aspect of fertilization, in 3-6 months, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and water is supplied every 10 days; after 7 months, taking phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main material and high-quality organic fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces; watering once after fertilization, and watering and sealing frozen water before winter; topdressing is carried out before germination, after flower withering and in the fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are mainly used in the early period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the later period; watering in time after fertilizing; spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces in growing seasons;
3) and (3) management in the third year: managing before flowering, pouring frozen water at the bottom of 2 months, and applying 10 kilograms of high-nitrogen medium-phosphorus low-potassium compound fertilizer along with water per mu; spraying 3-5 ° lime sulphur mixture in the first ten days of 3 months, and watering in the last ten days according to soil moisture; managing the flowering phase, spraying medium trace fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering phase, and improving fruit setting; artificial pollination/machine pollination/osmia pollination; thinning fruits 7-10 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying disease and insect prevention in the last ten days, and spraying monocrotophos + carbendazim or carbendazim + abamectin imidacloprid in the last ten days, and spraying azoxystrobin + imidacloprid in the last ten days; management of young fruit period, namely, bagging is started in the first ten days of month 5, and the management is finished 20 days before month 5; watering according to the soil moisture content, and applying 10 kilograms of all-element fertilizer by combining with the watering; spraying pesticide in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and lesben; spraying pesticide in late 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and difenoconazole; when the young shoots grow to 15cm-20cm, the opening angle is 70-90 degrees, and pinching is carried out on the vigorous branches; managing the fruit expansion period, watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying chlormequat chloride or PBO on the leaf surface to control vigorous growth within 6 months, spraying nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on the leaf surface, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per thousand, and spraying for 2-3 times every 15 days; 10 kilograms of medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the beginning of 7 months; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and alternately using; managing after picking, watering according to soil moisture, spraying monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on leaf surfaces, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per mill, and spraying the potassium phosphate and the medium trace elements once every 15 days for 2-3 times; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and the pesticide and the acaricide are alternately used.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The pear tree early-harvest method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) building a garden in autumn in the first year: selecting a high-quality pear seedling which has a flat terrain, a small slope, a gentle slope and no disease or insect pest, is built in a general sandy loam plot with the gentle slope below 5 degrees, is planted in autumn for 10 late ten days, has a trunk of one year, a seedling height of 1.5m and a ground diameter of more than 1cm, grows fully, has a plump bud body and has 3 to 4 lateral roots of more than 20cm and no disease or insect pest; digging planting furrows, wherein the north and south directions of the planting furrows are, the intervals among the furrows are 4m, the depth of the furrows is 60cm, the width of the furrows is 60cm, the upper layer surface soil of 30cm is dug out and placed on one side of the planting furrows, the lower layer soil of 30cm is placed on the other side of the planting furrows, 1000kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied according to every 666.7 square meters, the mixture is backfilled after the mixture is fully mixed with the dug surface soil, and the furrows are filled with large water and are sunk; before planting, cutting off withered and damaged roots of the seedlings, trimming over-grown roots, and soaking the seedlings in water doped with rooting powder and a bactericide for 12-24 hours to ensure that the root system fully absorbs water; determining planting points according to the interval of 1m, digging planting holes with the depth of 30cm and the length and the width of 30cm respectively by taking the planting points as the centers, putting the nursery stocks into the centers of the holes, planting the nursery stocks with the depth of about 30cm, filling soil while treading the nursery stocks, paying attention to the fact that the buried soil cannot be too thick, and exposing a grafting opening; watering, covering with mulching film, and selecting high-quality black film capable of effectively improving ground temperature;
2) and (3) tree management in the second year: bud carving is carried out before sap flows from the first ten days of March to the middle ten days of March, a cut is made 0.5cm-1cm above the bud, the transverse bark layer is carved to reach xylem, and other buds are all carved except buds with the root part of the trunk being below 60cm and the top tip being 30 cm; spraying amino acid to promote wound healing, and sleeving the bud carving operation by using a plastic film sleeve; plant protection work is well done, field management is enhanced, insecticide is sprayed in time, and young shoots and young leaves are protected; arranging tree forms, namely, carrying out shaping on branches with excessive growth vigor and an opening angle smaller than 60 degrees by taking the branches to generate an ideal opening angle and construct an ideal cylindrical tree form; fertilizer and water management, namely field management is enhanced on the basis of sufficient unfrozen water, and watering is carried out in time according to the soil moisture content; in the aspect of fertilization, in 3-6 months, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, and water is supplied every 10 days; after 7 months, taking phosphorus-potassium fertilizer as a main material and high-quality organic fertilizer as an auxiliary material, and spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces; watering once after fertilization, and watering and sealing frozen water before winter; topdressing is carried out before germination, after flower withering and in the fruit expansion period, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are mainly used in the early period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the later period; watering in time after fertilizing; spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces in growing seasons;
3) and (3) management in the third year: managing before flowering, pouring frozen water at the bottom of 2 months, and applying 10 kilograms of high-nitrogen medium-phosphorus low-potassium compound fertilizer along with water per mu; spraying 3-5 ° lime sulphur mixture in the first ten days of 3 months, and watering in the last ten days according to soil moisture; managing the flowering phase, spraying medium trace fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering phase, and improving fruit setting; artificial pollination/machine pollination/osmia pollination; thinning fruits 7-10 days after the flowers are bloomed; spraying disease and insect prevention in the last ten days, and spraying monocrotophos + carbendazim or carbendazim + abamectin imidacloprid in the last ten days, and spraying azoxystrobin + imidacloprid in the last ten days; management of young fruit period, namely, bagging is started in the first ten days of month 5, and the management is finished 20 days before month 5; watering according to the soil moisture content, and applying 10 kilograms of all-element fertilizer by combining with the watering; spraying pesticide in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and lesben; spraying pesticide in late 5 months, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin, imidacloprid and difenoconazole; when the young shoots grow to 15cm-20cm, the opening angle is 70-90 degrees, and pinching is carried out on the vigorous branches; managing the fruit expansion period, watering according to the soil moisture content, spraying chlormequat chloride or PBO on the leaf surface to control vigorous growth within 6 months, spraying nitrogen fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on the leaf surface, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per thousand, and spraying for 2-3 times every 15 days; 10 kilograms of medium-nitrogen low-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is applied in the beginning of 7 months; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and alternately using; managing after picking, watering according to soil moisture, spraying monopotassium phosphate and medium trace elements on leaf surfaces, wherein the total concentration is less than 5 per mill, and spraying the potassium phosphate and the medium trace elements once every 15 days for 2-3 times; spraying, sterilizing, killing insects and killing mites, and the pesticide and the acaricide are alternately used.
2. The pear tree early-harvest method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting multiple varieties to build a garden in the step 1), reasonably matching and pollinating, and reducing the workload of artificial pollination.
3. The pear tree early-harvest method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting a variety with high fruiting rate to construct a garden in the step 1).
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