CN114793745B - Tea persimmon intercropping composite mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method - Google Patents
Tea persimmon intercropping composite mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-dimensional cultivation method, which belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation and comprises the following steps of: preparing persimmon tree, fixing the height of the persimmon tree, orienting the persimmon tree, fixing the persimmon tree, and quantifying the persimmon tree; according to the invention, the persimmon tree is subjected to trunk fixation, orientation, fixed point and quantification, so that the plant type of the persimmon tree in a tea garden is tidy, the tree crown is consistent, the tree pose is graceful, and the good appearance landscape of the persimmon tree is molded; greatly improving the ornamental value of the persimmon tree and enhancing the viewpoint of the ecological landscape of the tea garden; the invention combines tea garden management, is suitable for mechanical management of mountain tea gardens, saves labor and reduces cost; after the persimmon tree is shaped and trimmed by a four-stage technology, the structure of the canopy of the persimmon tree is reasonable, ventilation and light transmission are realized in the canopy, the space layout of three stages of branches is distinct, the whole persimmon tree grows healthily and stably, the plant height, the branch length and the branch direction of the persimmon tree play an important role in happiness and yin tolerance of tea, and the persimmon tree is subjected to fixed-point fruiting and quantitative growth, so that the economic value of the persimmon tree is ensured, and the income is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method.
Background
The tea industry in China has a long history of development, and along with the development of the society level, the tea industry has become a local and regional pillar industry. However, the tea garden in China has low yield value, and most of the tea garden mu yield values are five to six thousand yuan; the tea garden has a single planting structure, the ecological environment in the tea garden is not optimal, more than 90% of tea gardens are mainly planted with tea, the high-quality and high-efficiency tea garden has low occupation ratio, and the ecological travel tea garden has extremely low occupation ratio; the industrial organization degree is not high, and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources is low. To meet the requirement of high-quality development, the bottleneck of the existing planting mode of the tea garden must be broken through, and the planting structure must be optimized. The tea forest composite planting mode is one of solving means taking the problem as a guide, and is theoretically verified in the aspects of ecology, biology, economy and the like. The intercropping of tea and persimmon is a compound mode of tea forest.
The persimmon tree is attractive in appearance, and the leaves of the persimmon tree are large in size in summer, so that the persimmon tree can be shaded; the autumn leaves turn red, the ornamental value is extremely high, and the method is widely applied to greening of cities, villages and towns and courtyards. The persimmon tree has the functions of greening, beautifying and purifying the environment, has strong adaptability, high yield and remarkable economic benefit, is popular with forest farmers and fruit farmers, and is very popular in cultivation. The tea leaves have the characteristics of light preference and yin tolerance after long-term natural selection, and the tea garden can be trimmed and shaped each year for facilitating mechanical picking or manual picking, so that the overall height of the tea tree body is 50-70 cm, the tree width of double-row field planting of the aged tea garden is 60-80 cm, and the tree width of single-row field planting is 40-50 cm. The area of the tea garden is large, and the utilization in space is only within 1m, so that the tea garden can be widely used in space, and the planting structure of the tea garden can be further optimized. In tea garden seasons, following the law in the market, the front-bright tea is a pet in the market, so that spring tea is the most important production value of the tea garden, tea farmers also focus on the spring tea, and after the spring tea passes, the tea farmers enter the garden raising stage, and the resource utilization rate is low. Therefore, the intercropping of tea and persimmon skillfully utilizes the complementation of tea garden and persimmon tree in time and space. In order to more scientifically and fully utilize the above-ground and underground part resources of the tea garden, from the perspective of the ecological landscape tea garden, persimmon tree bodies are required to be optimally trimmed and shaped into reasonable crown results, beautiful persimmon tree postures are created, a three-dimensional ecological landscape tea garden diagram is depicted, the tea travel fusion development is better promoted, and the activation of the country revitalization and the endophytic activity is more facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-dimensional cultivation method, which adopts landscape thinking to cultivate a persimmon tree body structure and opens up a new idea for building an ecological sightseeing tea garden; the persimmon tree is subjected to trunk fixation, orientation, fixed point and quantification, so that the persimmon tree is neat in plant type, consistent in crown and beautiful in tree pose in a tea garden, and a good appearance landscape of the persimmon tree is molded. Meanwhile, the persimmon fruits are yellow, the tea garden is green throughout the year, and yellow is interspersed in the air of the green tea garden, so that the ornamental value of the persimmon trees is greatly improved, and the viewpoint of ecological landscapes of the tea garden is enhanced. After the persimmon tree is shaped and trimmed by a four-stage technology, the structure of the canopy of the persimmon tree is reasonable, ventilation and light transmission are realized in the canopy, the space layout of three stages of branches is distinct, the whole persimmon tree grows healthily and stably, the plant height, the branch length and the branch direction of the persimmon tree play an important role in happiness and yin tolerance of tea, and the persimmon tree is subjected to fixed-point fruiting and quantitative growth, so that the economic value of the persimmon tree is ensured, and the income is stable.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method is used for pruning persimmon trees into a landscape mode, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing persimmon trees: selecting a variety with strong dryness, obvious top end advantage and upright tree posture;
step 2, persimmon tree height setting: the method comprises the steps of setting the height of a trunk and a central trunk of a persimmon tree to be 1.5m, namely, branching is started at the 1.5m high position of the persimmon tree, all branches below 1.5m are erased, the trunk is ensured to be vertical, the central height of the persimmon tree is set to be 3m, namely, the whole height of the persimmon tree is 3m from the ground to the top end, the central trunk is obvious and vertical, and the 1.5m high position of the trunk starts to culture first, second and third branches; the height and the direction of the first main branch of each row of persimmon tree are kept consistent;
step 3, persimmon tree orientation: the main branches are in the branch directions between 1.5m and 3m of the central trunk, the main branches are on the central trunk, the branch angles are 80 degrees with the trunk, the branches are oriented into two directions, one direction is that the branches at two sides of the trunk are parallel to the tea row, the other direction is that the branches at two sides of the trunk are perpendicular to the tea row, the directions of the branches of the first main branch of all persimmon trees are consistent, the branch points are at the 1.5m position of the trunk, the branches of the trunk are in 4-5 layers, the lengths of the main branches at the lower part are 1.5m, and the branches are gradually decreased upwards in sequence; each layer interval is 35-40 cm, each layer only keeps 4 branches, two branch positions are reserved, branches on two sides of each layer of the trunk are symmetrically distributed, an included angle between adjacent branches is 80-90 degrees, main branches adjacent to each layer of branches from top to bottom are arranged in a wheel shape, and hollow, ventilated and light-transmitting inner cavities of persimmon trees are ensured;
step 4, persimmon tree fixed point: fixed-point fruiting is carried out on the fruiting branch group, two fruits are reserved on each fruiting branch close to the main branch, the fruit positions are fixed at the middle section of the fruiting branch, the fruit spacing is 10-15 cm, one fruit is reserved on the fruiting branch near the top end of the main branch, and after fruiting, the fruiting branch naturally sags;
step 5, quantifying persimmon trees: the number of main branches of each persimmon tree is kept consistent, 600 total branches are reserved in the whole canopy, 52-60 fruits are reserved in the lower canopy each year, the number of single plant results is 124-132, and the annual quantitative production of each persimmon tree is ensured;
in the step 3, the persimmon tree branch is cultivated by adopting a modern pruning and shaping technology, namely winter thinning, spring adjusting bud, summer controlling tip and autumn shaping and four seasons shaping, comprehensively adopting technical measures of pulling, hanging, carving and stripping, cultivating main branches, side branches and fruiting branches, and regulating and controlling the canopy space structure of the persimmon tree according to the direction of the step 2;
the first main branch of each row of persimmon tree in the tea garden is required to be kept four same, namely, the same direction and the same height and the same angle and the same length; the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out bud carving on a central trunk or a side branch by using a saw blade before germination according to the specification and the direction of the spacing between main branches in the field planting big tree in the next year, carving buds every 35-40 cm, opening angles by using toothpicks when new shoots grow to about 20cm, and pulling new branch branches on the central trunk to 80 degrees in 8 months; culturing main branches with the central trunk of more than 1.5m in winter pruning, and pruning main branches with the central trunk position direction less than the required direction; cutting off third, fourth and fifth side branches on the trunk, sequentially keeping the lengths of the branches to 80cm, 60cm and 40cm, and controlling the growth of the branches; pruning the branches from the base part, wherein the spacing between the lateral branches is smaller than 30cm, so as to promote the growth of the branches meeting the requirements;
the fruiting branch groups of each layer in the step 3 are arranged in an empty mode in the tree body in a staggered mode, ventilation and light transmission are guaranteed, vertical or upward oblique branches are fully utilized and properly cut, and the fruiting branch groups are strong in branch vigor;
in the step 3, the persimmon tree branches are provided with main branches, side branches and fruiting branch groups, the vertical projection direction of the main branches is vertical and parallel to the tea row, the vertical projection directions of the side branches and the fruiting branch groups are intersected with the tea row, and part of fruiting branches are slightly parallel to the tea row;
in the step 4, the persimmon tree is required to be subjected to artificial pollination in the flowering phase, so that the pollination rate is ensured, and flower thinning is performed with more flower bud differentiation; spraying paclobutrazol or flower bud differentiation agent on leaf surfaces in the germination period of flower buds; spraying 0.3% borax solution for 1 time in the full bloom stage to promote pollination and fertilization and improve fruit setting rate; the full bloom stage is to cut the trunk or the base part of the main branch in a girdling way to make the flowering and fruit setting nutrition sufficient;
step 4, the irrigation and pest control work in drought seasons are required to be done in time in the flower and fruit period to prevent fruit drop;
in the step 4, the persimmon tree is required to carry out fixed-point thinning in time in the fruit setting period, 1 fruit is reserved at intervals of 10-15 cm according to a fruit interval method, two fruits are reserved on each fruit branch, and the interval is 20cm; thinning fruits according to the growing position and growth vigor of the fruits, namely thinning fruits on the back, reserving fruits on the two sides and on the back, thinning fruits on the side, fruits with diseases and insects, weak fruits and malformed fruits, and reserving central fruits, big fruits and robust fruits.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, persimmon varieties in the step 1 are selected from Diospyros kaki and Diospyros kaki Yang Feng.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the scheme adopts the landscape thinking to cultivate the persimmon tree body structure, and opens up a new idea for building the ecological sightseeing tea garden.
According to the scheme, the persimmon trees are subjected to trunk fixation, orientation, fixed point and quantification, so that the plant types of the persimmon trees in tea gardens are tidy, the crowns of the persimmon trees are consistent, the tree poses are graceful, and good appearance landscapes of the persimmon trees are formed. Meanwhile, the persimmon fruits are yellow, the tea garden is green throughout the year, yellow is interspersed in the air of the green tea garden, the ornamental value of the persimmon trees is greatly improved, the viewpoint of ecological landscapes of the tea garden is enhanced, the management of the tea garden is combined, the stem height of the persimmon trees is 1.5m, and the method is suitable for mechanical management of the tea garden in mountain areas, saves labor and reduces cost.
After the persimmon tree is trimmed by the four-setting technology, the structure of the crown layer of the persimmon tree is reasonable, ventilation and light transmission are realized in the crown, the space layout of three-level branches is clear, the whole persimmon tree grows healthily and stably, the plant height, the branch length and the branch direction of the persimmon tree play an important role in happiness and yin tolerance of tea, and the persimmon tree is subjected to fixed-point fruit bearing and quantitative growth, so that the economic value of the persimmon tree is ensured, and the income is stable.
Description of the embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and that all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
A tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method is used for pruning persimmon trees into a landscape mode, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing persimmon trees: selecting a variety with strong dryness, obvious top end advantage and upright tree posture;
step 2, persimmon tree height setting: the method comprises the steps of setting the height of a trunk and a central trunk of a persimmon tree to be 1.5m, namely, branching is started at the 1.5m high position of the persimmon tree, all branches below 1.5m are erased, the trunk is ensured to be vertical, the central height of the persimmon tree is set to be 3m, namely, the whole height of the persimmon tree is 3m from the ground to the top end, the central trunk is obvious and vertical, and the 1.5m high position of the trunk starts to culture first, second and third branches; the height and the direction of the first main branch of each row of persimmon tree are kept consistent;
step 3, persimmon tree orientation: the main branches are in the branch directions between 1.5m and 3m of the central trunk, the main branches are on the central trunk, the branch angles are 80 degrees with the trunk, the branches are oriented into two directions, one direction is that the branches at two sides of the trunk are parallel to the tea row, the other direction is that the branches at two sides of the trunk are perpendicular to the tea row, the directions of the branches of the first main branch of all persimmon trees are consistent, the branch points are at the 1.5m position of the trunk, the branches of the trunk are in 4-5 layers, the lengths of the main branches at the lower part are 1.5m, and the branches are gradually decreased upwards in sequence; each layer interval is 35-40 cm, each layer only keeps 4 branches, two branch positions are reserved, branches on two sides of each layer of the trunk are symmetrically distributed, an included angle between adjacent branches is 80-90 degrees, main branches adjacent to each layer of branches from top to bottom are arranged in a wheel shape, and hollow, ventilated and light-transmitting inner cavities of persimmon trees are ensured;
step 4, persimmon tree fixed point: fixed-point fruiting is carried out on the fruiting branch group, two fruits are reserved on each fruiting branch close to the main branch, the fruit positions are fixed at the middle section of the fruiting branch, the fruit spacing is 10-15 cm, one fruit is reserved on the fruiting branch near the top end of the main branch, and after fruiting, the fruiting branch naturally sags;
step 5, quantifying persimmon trees: the number of main branches of each persimmon tree is kept consistent, 600 total branches are reserved in the whole canopy, 52-60 fruits are reserved in the lower canopy each year, the number of single plant results is 124-132, and the annual quantitative production of each persimmon tree is ensured;
in the step 3, the persimmon tree branch is cultivated by adopting a modern pruning and shaping technology, namely winter thinning, spring adjusting bud, summer controlling tip and autumn shaping and four seasons shaping, comprehensively adopting technical measures of pulling, hanging, carving and stripping, cultivating main branches, side branches and fruiting branches, and regulating and controlling the canopy space structure of the persimmon tree according to the direction of the step 2;
the first main branch of each row of persimmon tree in the tea garden is required to be kept four same, namely, the same direction and the same height and the same angle and the same length; the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out bud carving on a central trunk or a side branch by using a saw blade before germination according to the specification and the direction of the spacing between main branches in the field planting big tree in the next year, carving buds every 35-40 cm, opening angles by using toothpicks when new shoots grow to about 20cm, and pulling new branch branches on the central trunk to 80 degrees in 8 months; culturing main branches with the central trunk of more than 1.5m in winter pruning, and pruning main branches with the central trunk position direction less than the required direction; cutting off third, fourth and fifth side branches on the trunk, sequentially keeping the lengths of the branches to 80cm, 60cm and 40cm, and controlling the growth of the branches; pruning the branches from the base part, wherein the spacing between the lateral branches is smaller than 30cm, so as to promote the growth of the branches meeting the requirements;
the fruiting branch groups of each layer in the step 3 are arranged in an empty mode in the tree body in a staggered mode, ventilation and light transmission are guaranteed, vertical or upward oblique branches are fully utilized and properly cut, and the fruiting branch groups are strong in branch vigor;
in the step 3, the persimmon tree branches are provided with main branches, side branches and fruiting branch groups, the vertical projection direction of the main branches is vertical and parallel to the tea row, the vertical projection directions of the side branches and the fruiting branch groups are intersected with the tea row, and part of fruiting branches are slightly parallel to the tea row;
in the step 4, the persimmon tree is required to be subjected to artificial pollination in the flowering phase, so that the pollination rate is ensured, and flower thinning is performed with more flower bud differentiation; spraying paclobutrazol or flower bud differentiation agent on leaf surfaces in the germination period of flower buds; spraying 0.3% borax solution for 1 time in the full bloom stage to promote pollination and fertilization and improve fruit setting rate; the full bloom stage is to cut the trunk or the base part of the main branch in a girdling way to make the flowering and fruit setting nutrition sufficient;
step 4, the irrigation and pest control work in drought seasons are required to be done in time in the flower and fruit period to prevent fruit drop;
in the step 4, the persimmon tree is required to carry out fixed-point thinning in time in the fruit setting period, 1 fruit is reserved at intervals of 10-15 cm according to a fruit interval method, two fruits are reserved on each fruit branch, and the interval is 20cm; thinning fruits according to the growing position and growth vigor of the fruits, namely thinning fruits on the back, reserving fruits on the two sides and on the back, thinning fruits on the side, fruits with diseases and insects, weak fruits and malformed fruits, and reserving central fruits, big fruits and robust fruits.
Specifically, the persimmon tree variety in the step 1 is selected from Diospyros kaki and Yang Feng.
Examples
A tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing persimmon trees: selecting a Diospyros kaki variety, 10-age seedlings, standing in a dry manner, and planting Diospyros kaki trees with obvious trunks, plant heights of 3.5-4 m, soil balls, and 3X 9m in the planting specification of 5 rows of tea, and planting Diospyros kaki trees.
Step 2, persimmon tree height setting: the height of the persimmon tree is fixed to be 1.5m in the middle 3 months of the next year, namely branches are left at the 1.5m high position of the persimmon tree, branches below 1.5m are all cut off from the base, the center height of the persimmon tree is fixed to be 3m, namely the whole height of the persimmon tree is 3m from the ground to the top, and the surplus branches are cut off from the top.
Step 3, persimmon tree orientation: the persimmon tree is mainly trimmed.
(1) In the middle 3 months of the next year, pruning, bud carving and branch pulling are carried out before the persimmon tree sprouts. The branch direction of the main branch is the four sides of the central trunk, branches meeting the conditions are left and pulled, the branch pulling device can be used for fixing angles and orienting the thin branches, and the thick branches can be pulled to a proper direction by adopting a rope to drive a ground pile; unsatisfied is trimmed from the base.
(2) Bud carving is carried out according to the interval of 35 cm to 40cm, when the young shoots grow to about 20cm, the angle of the toothpick is opened, and the new branches on the central trunk are pulled to 80 degrees according to the specified direction for 8 months.
(3) The side branches are planted on the main branches, the planting direction is positioned at two sides or the back of the main branches, the vertical projections of the side branches at the two sides are intersected with the tea row, the vertical projection of the side branch on the back of the branch is vertical to the tea row, the branches meeting the conditions are left, the branches which do not meet the conditions are trimmed from the base, and bud carving is carried out according to the interval of 25 cm to 30 cm.
(4) The resultant branches are planted on the side branches, and the vertical projection of the planting direction is parallel to or intersects with the main branch. The fruiting branch groups of each layer are arranged in the tree body in an empty mode in a staggered mode, ventilation and light transmission are guaranteed, vertical or upward oblique branches are fully utilized and properly cut, and the fruiting branch groups are strong.
(5) After water and fertilizer management is finished, the main branches at the middle and upper parts of the culture are paid attention to, and the central trunk and other branches on the main branches are thrown and placed when the water and fertilizer management enters about 10 months of the next half year and is sheared in winter.
Step 4, persimmon tree fixed point: in the third year of transplanting, persimmon trees bear fruits at fixed points.
(1) And (5) continuing to perform the work of pulling branches, carving buds and the like before sprouting.
(2) In the flowering phase, paclobutrazol or flower bud differentiation can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces, artificial pollination is carried out if necessary, and the pollination rate is ensured. Flower bud differentiation is more and can be carried out to dredge flowers.
(3) And 0.3% borax solution can be sprayed for 1 time in the full bloom stage to promote pollination and insemination and improve fruit setting rate.
(4) And carrying out fixed-point fruit thinning in time in the fruit setting period. The thinning method is to leave 1 fruit at intervals of 10-15 cm according to the fruit spacing method, and two fruits are reserved on each fruit branch. Thinning fruits according to the growing position and growth vigor of the fruits, namely thinning fruits on the back, reserving fruits on the two sides and on the back, thinning the side fruits, the insect fruits, weak small fruits, malformed fruits, reserving central fruits, big fruits and strong fruits.
(5) Irrigation and pest control work in drought seasons are performed in time in the flower and fruit period to prevent fruit drop.
(6) The fixed point fruit bearing on the fruiting branch group is finished through the measures. Two fruits are reserved on each fruiting branch close to the main branch basically, the positions of the fruits are fixed at the middle section of the fruiting branch, the distance between the fruits is 10 cm to 15cm, one fruit is reserved on the fruiting branch near the top end of the main branch, and after fruiting, the fruiting branch naturally sags.
Step 5, quantifying persimmon trees: after the previous 3 steps are finished, quantitative production of each persimmon tree can be ensured, the number of main branches of each persimmon tree is kept consistent, 600 total branches are reserved in the whole canopy, 52-60 fruits are reserved in the lower canopy each year, the number of single plant results is decreased upwards in sequence, and quantitative production of each persimmon tree each year is ensured.
Examples
A tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing persimmon trees: selecting Yangfeng varieties, grafting seedlings at 2 ages, wherein the plant height is about 1.5 m; persimmon tree planting specification: transplanting to tea garden in middle 3 ten days, wherein the planting specification is 3×9m, namely 5 rows of tea, and planting a row of persimmon trees; transplanting persimmon trees: adding water into the yellow mud of the upper class, stirring into slurry, putting the root of the sapling into the slurry, soaking for 24 hours, then transplanting the sapling into a dug soil pit with the length, width and depth of 0.5 multiplied by 0.8m, covering soil, filling and compacting, watering enough water, and binding the persimmon tree trunk by using a bamboo pole to keep the trunk upright; fertilizing persimmon trees: irrigation and drainage are carried out according to weather conditions, the transplanting is carried out for about 10 months in the same year, each plant is fertilized according to 0.1kg of compound fertilizer, 5kg of cake fertilizer and 30cm of annular ditch from persimmon tree.
Step 2, persimmon tree height setting: the height of the persimmon tree is fixed 1.5m from the ground in 10 months of the current year, namely branches are left at the height of 1.5m of the persimmon tree, branches below 1.5m are all cut off from the base, and branches above 1.5m are all left. The main branches with weaker tree vigor can be slightly cut at the plump buds to balance the growth vigor of the main branches and the central trunk, part of the main branches can be removed, the lateral buds are promoted to germinate, the persimmon tree is transplanted for the third year, the central trunk of the persimmon tree is kept at about 3m, and the growth height of the persimmon tree is controlled.
Step 3, persimmon tree orientation: the persimmon tree is mainly shaped and trimmed;
(1) The length of the branches is more than 20-30 cm after 7-8 months of transplanting in the same year, and the branches are pulled according to the four directions of the central trunk, namely the east, the west, the south and the north.
(2) According to the climate condition of the current year and about 3 months in the second year, according to the distribution condition of the existing main branches of the persimmon tree, the main branches at each side of the persimmon tree are larger in distance, the central trunk is germinated by using double hacksaw blades according to the distance of 35-40 cm, the depth reaches the xylem, the side branches on the main branches are larger in distance, and the buds are also germinated at the middle position according to 25-30 cm.
(3) When the new tip of the main branch on the central trunk grows to about 20cm, the toothpick is used for opening the angle, and the new branch on the central trunk is pulled to 80 degrees according to the specified direction for 8 months.
(4) The main branch direction of the persimmon tree is shaped and trimmed again in 10 months of the next year, branches meeting the conditions are left, and branches not meeting the conditions are trimmed from the base; the side branches are planted on the main branches, the planting direction is positioned at two sides or the back of the main branches, the vertical projections of the side branches at the two sides are intersected with the tea row, the vertical projection of the side branch on the back of the branch is vertical to the tea row, the branches meeting the conditions are left, and the branches not meeting the conditions are trimmed from the base.
(5) The resultant branches are planted on the side branches, and the vertical projection of the planting direction is parallel to or intersects with the main branch. The fruiting branch groups of each layer are arranged in the tree body in an empty mode in a staggered mode, ventilation and light transmission are guaranteed, vertical or upward oblique branches are fully utilized and properly cut, and the fruiting branch groups are strong.
(6) The second year of transplanting is to fertilize twice, one time is to fertilize 10-20 kg of farm manure, 0.2kg of urea and 0.35kg of potassium sulfate in the last ten days of 5 months, and the second time is to fertilize 15kg of base manure, 0.2g of compound fertilizer in the 10 months, and the distance between the plant and the persimmon tree is 30cm of the annular groove.
(7) In the third year of transplanting, pruning, bud carving and fertilizer application are the same as in the second year.
Step 4, persimmon tree fixed point: in the fourth year of transplanting, persimmon trees bear fruits at fixed points.
(1) In the flowering phase, paclobutrazol or flower bud differentiation can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces, artificial pollination is carried out when necessary, the pollination rate is ensured, and flower thinning can be carried out when flower buds are more differentiated.
(2) And 0.3% borax solution can be sprayed for 1 time in the full bloom stage to promote pollination and fertilization and improve fruit setting rate.
(3) In the fruit bearing period, fixed-point fruit thinning is carried out in time, 1 fruit is reserved on each fruit branch at intervals of 10-15 cm according to a fruit spacing method, two fruits are reserved on each fruit branch, fruit thinning is carried out according to the fruit growing position and growth vigor, namely fruit thinning on the back is carried out, fruit thinning on the two sides and the back is reserved, and fruit thinning, pest fruit thinning, weak fruit thinning, malformed fruit thinning, fruit thinning and fruit thinning are reserved.
(4) Irrigation and pest control work in drought seasons are performed in time in the flower and fruit period to prevent fruit drop.
(5) The fixed point fruit bearing on the fruiting branch group is finished through the measures. Two fruits are reserved on each fruiting branch close to the main branch basically, the positions of the fruits are fixed at the middle section of the fruiting branch, the distance between the fruits is 10 cm to 15cm, one fruit is reserved on the fruiting branch near the top end of the main branch, and after fruiting, the fruiting branch naturally sags.
(6) The 1 st fertilization is carried out in the germination period, taking quick-acting nitrogen as a main component, combining with watering to apply urea 0.5 kg/plant, the 2 nd fertilization is carried out in the flowering period, the plant is applied with urea 0.5kg, the compound fertilizer is 0.7kg, the 3 rd fertilization is carried out after fruit harvesting, the plant is applied with farmyard manure 50kg, the compound fertilizer is 2kg, and the application is completed before the fallen leaves are dormant.
Step 5, quantifying persimmon trees: after the previous steps are finished, each persimmon tree is quantitatively produced every year, the main branches of each persimmon tree are kept consistent, 600 total branches are reserved in the whole canopy, 52-60 fruits are reserved in the lower canopy every year, the number of single plant results is decreased upwards in sequence, and the quantitative production of each persimmon tree every year is ensured.
It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application as shown in a variety of different exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present inventions. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Furthermore, in order to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described (i.e., those not associated with the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention, or those not associated with practicing the invention).
It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A tea persimmon intercropping composite mode persimmon tree landscape four-setting cultivation method is characterized by trimming persimmon trees into a landscape mode, and comprises the following steps of:
step 1, preparing persimmon trees: selecting a variety with strong dryness, obvious top end advantage and upright tree posture;
step 2, persimmon tree height setting: the method comprises the steps of setting the height of a trunk and a central trunk of a persimmon tree to be 1.5m, namely, branching is started at the 1.5m high position of the persimmon tree, all branches below 1.5m are erased, the trunk is ensured to be vertical, the central height of the persimmon tree is set to be 3m, namely, the whole height of the persimmon tree is 3m from the ground to the top end, the central trunk is obvious and vertical, and the 1.5m high position of the trunk starts to culture first, second and third branches; the height and the direction of the first main branch of each row of persimmon tree are kept consistent;
step 3, persimmon tree orientation: the main branches are in the branch directions between 1.5m and 3m of the central trunk, the main branches are on the central trunk, the branch angles are 80 degrees with the trunk, the branches are oriented into two directions, one direction is that the branches at two sides of the trunk are parallel to the tea row, the other direction is that the branches at two sides of the trunk are perpendicular to the tea row, the directions of the branches of the first main branch of all persimmon trees are consistent, the branch points are at the 1.5m position of the trunk, the branches of the trunk are in 4-5 layers, the lengths of the main branches at the lower part are 1.5m, and the branches are gradually decreased upwards in sequence; each layer interval is 35-40 cm, each layer only keeps 4 branches, two branch positions are reserved, branches on two sides of each layer of the trunk are symmetrically distributed, an included angle between adjacent branches is 80-90 degrees, main branches adjacent to each layer of branches from top to bottom are arranged in a wheel shape, and hollow, ventilated and light-transmitting inner cavities of persimmon trees are ensured;
step 4, persimmon tree fixed point: fixed-point fruiting is carried out on the fruiting branch group, two fruits are reserved on each fruiting branch close to the main branch, the fruit positions are fixed at the middle section of the fruiting branch, the fruit spacing is 10-15 cm, one fruit is reserved on the fruiting branch near the top end of the main branch, and after fruiting, the fruiting branch naturally sags;
step 5, quantifying persimmon trees: the number of main branches of each persimmon tree is kept consistent, 600 total branches are reserved in the whole canopy, 52-60 fruits are reserved in the lower canopy each year, the number of single plant results is 124-132, and the annual quantitative production of each persimmon tree is ensured;
in the step 3, the persimmon tree branch is cultivated by adopting a modern pruning and shaping technology, namely winter thinning, spring adjusting bud, summer controlling tip and autumn shaping and four seasons shaping, comprehensively adopting technical measures of pulling, hanging, carving and stripping, cultivating main branches, side branches and fruiting branches, and regulating and controlling the canopy space structure of the persimmon tree according to the direction of the step 2;
the first main branch of each row of persimmon tree in the tea garden is required to be kept four same, namely, the same direction and the same height and the same angle and the same length; the method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out bud carving on a central trunk or a side branch by using a saw blade before germination according to the specification and the direction of the spacing between main branches in the field planting big tree in the next year, carving buds every 35-40 cm, opening angles by using toothpicks when new shoots grow to about 20cm, and pulling new branch branches on the central trunk to 80 degrees in 8 months; culturing main branches with the central trunk of more than 1.5m in winter pruning, and pruning main branches with the central trunk position direction less than the required direction; cutting off third, fourth and fifth side branches on the trunk, sequentially keeping the lengths of the branches to 80cm, 60cm and 40cm, and controlling the growth of the branches; pruning the branches from the base part, wherein the spacing between the lateral branches is smaller than 30cm, so as to promote the growth of the branches meeting the requirements;
the fruiting branch groups of each layer in the step 3 are arranged in an empty mode in the tree body in a staggered mode, ventilation and light transmission are guaranteed, vertical or upward oblique branches are fully utilized and properly cut, and the fruiting branch groups are strong in branch vigor;
in the step 3, the persimmon tree branches are provided with main branches, side branches and fruiting branch groups, the vertical projection direction of the main branches is vertical and parallel to the tea row, the vertical projection directions of the side branches and the fruiting branch groups are intersected with the tea row, and part of fruiting branches are slightly parallel to the tea row;
in the step 4, the persimmon tree is required to be subjected to artificial pollination in the flowering phase, so that the pollination rate is ensured, and flower thinning is performed with more flower bud differentiation; spraying paclobutrazol or flower bud differentiation agent on leaf surfaces in the germination period of flower buds; spraying 0.3% borax solution for 1 time in the full bloom stage to promote pollination and fertilization and improve fruit setting rate; the full bloom stage is to cut the trunk or the base part of the main branch in a girdling way to make the flowering and fruit setting nutrition sufficient;
step 4, the irrigation and pest control work in drought seasons are required to be done in time in the flower and fruit period to prevent fruit drop;
in the step 4, the persimmon tree is required to carry out fixed-point thinning in time in the fruit setting period, 1 fruit is reserved at intervals of 10-15 cm according to a fruit interval method, two fruits are reserved on each fruit branch, and the interval is 20cm; thinning fruits according to the growing position and growth vigor of the fruits, namely thinning fruits on the back, reserving fruits on the two sides and on the back, thinning fruits on the side, fruits with diseases and insects, weak fruits and malformed fruits, and reserving central fruits, big fruits and robust fruits.
2. The method for cultivating the tea persimmon intercropping compound mode persimmon tree landscape by four-stage cultivation according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 1, persimmon tree varieties are selected from Diospyros kaki and Yang Feng.
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| CN103283554A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for landscaping by utilizing sweet persimmon trees |
| CN105766511A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-20 | 赵雪霞 | Ornamental persimmon tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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| CN103283554A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Method for landscaping by utilizing sweet persimmon trees |
| CN105766511A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-07-20 | 赵雪霞 | Ornamental persimmon tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN114303693A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Reshaping method for persimmon 'N + 1' tree form |
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