CN105746288A - Establishing method of pinus kesiya royle ex gordon cutting and breeding system - Google Patents
Establishing method of pinus kesiya royle ex gordon cutting and breeding system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an establishing method of a pinus kesiya royle ex gordon cutting and breeding system. According to the establishing method disclosed by the invention, scions of superior plants are selected as cutting propagation materials, an optimized light matrix is adopted to be matched with hormone, and nourishing-bag seedlings are utilized for carrying out rapid cultivation and seedling management, so that quick industrial breeding which is light in matrix, good in rooting, high in seedling forming rate and strong in nursery stock is realized, the breeding cost is reduced, the breeding efficiency is increased, and meanwhile, forestation and transportation cost and labor intensity are reduced. Short and dry type stock plants of the pinus kesiya royle ex gordon produce 200 to 300 scions per plant, the weight of light-matrix nourishing-bag seedlings is 0.14 to 0.15 kg per bag when the seedlings are out of a nursery, the rooting time after cutting is 10 to 15 days ahead, the average seedling height in the sixth month is increased from 16.32 to 16.46 cm to 18.78 to 19.48 cm, the average lateral root number is increased from 3.59 to 3.97 per plant to 5.18 to 6.81 per plant, and the seedling forming rate is increased from 42 percent to 85 to 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cuttage and quick-propagation seedling-raising technique field of coniferous species, particularly to the method for building up of a kind of card West Asia pine cuttage nursery system.
Background technology
Card West Asia pine (PinuskesiyaRoyleexGordon) for Pinaceae (Pinaceae) Pinus (Pinus) arbor species, trees are up to 30～35m, bark thickness, pitchy, degree of depth lobe, and side shoot is thick, and Branch Angle is big, and leaf blackish green, three pins are a branch of, 15～20cm length；4～May blooms, and spends latter 2 years fruit maturations.Cone cone is avette, long 5～9cm.Card West Asia pine is distributed mainly on height above sea level 300m～2700m, and annual precipitation is in 700mm～1800mm, India east, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and the North Vietnam area that average annual temperature is 17 DEG C～22 DEG C.Card West Asia pine is to grow one of the fastest, distribution is the widest south subtropics coniferous species, has fast-growing and strong adaptability concurrently, is the tropical coniferous species with huge economic value.Card West Asia Masson Pine material and Gum Rosin Industry are at ground extensive development such as Vietnam, Thailand and India, and the sixties in last century Thailand with Denmark with regard to cooperation development the system improvement breeding work of these seeds, the garden of building of breeding garden and filial generation genetic test have progressed to the 3rd from generation to generation in Thailand now.These seeds are weak to the moon, and happiness humidity, growing environment humidity less than 70%, can not need an alternation of wetting and drying season in 1 year；Can being grown in well-drained lean soil, on mineral soil, Natural re generation ability is strong.
China is still short from the external introduction card West Asia pine time, only has the China hot woods in forest-science academy introduced domestic less than 5 years, and research papers data also only relates to seed, seedling growth measures, and young growth and mature forest growth data are still also rarely seen.Plant now by Fusulinid Zoning, Yunnan commercial seed seed, family line investigation in 2.5 years shows, the 87.54% family height of tree of participating in the experiment has reached more than 2m, on average reaches more than 2.7m, being the 118.49% of card West Asia pine locality mutation Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon var. langbianensis (A.Chev) Gaussen level of growth of the same age, mean DBH increment is the 132.05% of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon var. langbianensis (A.Chev) Gaussen of the same age.Because growing rapidly, performance is good, and its seed Seedling is at ground popularizing plantings more than 4000 mu such as south of Yunnan Ning Er, Jing Gu, Lincang, billows deep blue and Dali.Now, card West Asia pine is classified as main development reproducting tree species by Yunnan Province's Duo Jia forestry enterprise, has DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT widely.But, China introduces a fine variety that the card West Asia pine time is short, Plantation Development to plant seedling, but it is limited to introduce seed resource total amount, sets up breeding garden or hybridization controlled pollination then needed after for many years for kind of the time.Current Pinaceae class confierophyte group training difficulty, grafting maternal plant is also only production clone cutting and provides a small amount of material, and vast propagation is based on cottage propagation clone Seedling, for card West Asia pine cuttage reproduction technique still in groping and feedback and evaluation.
Therefore according to previous work, card West Asia pine cuttage technical system is carried out method summary by the present invention, sets up a kind of card West Asia pine cuttage nursery system, reaches success a great deal of cutting seedling that expanding propagation root system is complete, vigor is good in a short time, meets and currently produce needs.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to utilize the germ plasm resource introduced, prior art digests, absorbs and innovates summary, overcome the shortcoming of prior art with not enough, set up a kind of card West Asia asexual cuttage raise seedling technique system of pine, quickly produce qualified Seedling, meet Production requirement.This technical system does platform-type cultivation as mother plant for cutting so that card West Asia pine superior families Seedling is short, there is provided fringe bar as nursery propagating materials, choose optimization substrate and hormone combination carries out large-scale production, quickly breeding and production qualified Seedling wood, gained fringe bar rootage duration shifts to an earlier date 10～15d, 6 monthly average height of seedling 18.78～19.48cm, footpath 0.253～0.289cm fifty-fifty, average side radical reaches 5.18～6.81/strain, planting percent reaches 85～90%, save the purpose of nursery and cost of forestation, improve breeding efficiency and reduce cost of forestation, the Light media bag Seedling cultivated only weighs 0.14～0.15, reduce cost of transportation and the labor intensity of afforestation workman.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The method for building up of a kind of card West Asia pine cuttage nursery system, comprises the following steps:
1) pruning of mother plant for cutting: mother plant for cutting is trimmed to short dry platform-type；Described short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting, elite stand height is less than 40cm, and major branch Altitude control is at 10～15cm, and every major branch retains 3～5 side shoots, length less than 10cm；Equating maternal plant surface, adopts fringe pruning for 2 times and is separated by more than 45 days；
2) preparation of propagating materials: choose fringe bar on short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting；
3) Light media preparation, pack and sterilization: the yellow soil sieved, peat soil, perlite, pine forest table soil and at least two burnt in soil are mixed to get Light medium；And load Seedling bag, sterilize before cuttage；
4) hormone preparation: the indolebutyric acid solution of configuration 50～1000mg/L concentration, now with the current；
5) cuttage: by step 2) in after fringe bar is immersed in the hormone solution of step 4) 1～4 hour, inserting step 3) in equipped with in the Seedling bag of Light medium；
6) seedling management: carry out seedling management, carry out disinfection in good time, goes out garden afforestation during height of seedling 18～25cm.
Preferably, described cultivation place is the southern subtropical climate zone in south, Yunnan Province, the place of height above sea level 800～1600m, the ground such as including the Ning Er in Yunnan Province, Jing Gu, Lincang, billows deep blue.The cutting propagation time is JIUYUE～December, and temperature is the season of 20～28 DEG C.
Owing to card West Asia pine introduces domestic less than 5 years, being likely to situation according to seeds germinating and determine in prior art, the cuttage maternal plant management of pinaceae plant mainly has short dry non-flat dry platform-type and three kinds of breeding methods of light dry type desk-top, short.
Short dry no platform: the plant of this method conventional includes pine, China fir class plant, broad leaved plant, and some grow plant faster.Grow in fast plant, same position but the different fringe bar growth in orientation has difference, cause cuttage to adopt during bar non-concurrent and utilize, by cuttage with prune and just become non-flat desk-top.Additionally in the season that temperature is low, certain plants growth is slow and when having cuttage to need because fringe bar length is different, long first cutting short cut afterwards be just trained non-flat desk-top.
Light dry type: be usually used in the plant not having apical dominance, because having bud on its trunk, after top fractures, other buds can rise to become and grow thickly shape without top, and cuttage is needed more a plurality of being advantageous for by this.Shrub plant is more weak due to apical dominance, cultivates frequently with the method.
For card West Asia pine, the present invention preferably goes out short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting.Because short dry non-flat desk-top be that arbitrarily prune formation according to master branch diverse location non-flat desk-top; rudiment after pruning is not in one plane; and it is in each position of maternal plant; therefore accept the irregular growth size of sunlight and have difference; the fringe bar amount produced is few; cutting is not of uniform size to be caused, and causes that the management operation after adopting fringe and cuttage increases and is unfavorable for large-scale production.Light dry type, owing to only retaining trunk, gathers the rudiment bar around trunk, and negligible amounts is conducive to fringe bar to concentrate growth, but it is of poor quality to grow insufficient fringe bar, and 1 year for fringe bar number of times ratio platform-type few 50%.
So the present invention preferably goes out short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting the feature according to card West Asia pine, the pruning of the short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting of card West Asia pine is optimized, is illustrated pruning requirement.Described short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting, elite stand height is less than 40cm, and major branch Altitude control is at 10～15cm, and every major branch retains 3～5 side shoots, length less than 10cm；Equating maternal plant surface, adopts fringe pruning for 2 times and is separated by more than 45 days, and buriing fertilizer 250g/ strain or compound fertilizer's 100g/ strain can promote the second pruning of mother plant for cutting；The card West Asia of the present invention short dry type mother plant for cutting of pine produces fringe bar per year up to 200～300/strain.
The present invention does platform-type maternal plant way to manage based on short but it also may adopt other cuttage maternal plant way to manages as auxiliary according to planting site, season or each one custom.
Preferably, in step 1), superior families planting seed nursery, select super seedling or grow excellent nursery stock as maternal plant in seedling stage, be trimmed to short dry type mother plant for cutting.
Preferably, cutting orchard adopts land preparation mode of getting up, and specification: bedside 120cm, high 15cm is with 3 line misregistration mode field planting, and line space is 40cm, and the fertilizer 500g that often spreads manuer in holes, calcium superphosphate 100g make base manure.Field planting external crucible overlying lid layer black shading screen, is conducive to the soil moisture conservation in maternal plant seedbed, can effectively control weed growth, reduces cut weeds workload and recruitment cost.Daily management includes trickle, weeding, applies fertilizer, loosens the soil, prevention and elimination of disease and pests etc..
Preferably, the short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting described in step 1) is cut after side shoot diameter increment again, until retaining 3 or 4 two grades of side shoots, is trained trunk branch.By using the Chemicals induction rudiment such as potassium permanganate, gibberellins, strengthen water, fertile management, provide enough high-quality cuttings for cuttage.
Preferably, step 2) in fringe bar adopting fringe disinfection the last week, with 3wt ‰ potassium permanganate solution spray disinfectant.
Preferably, step 2) in, short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting chooses juvenile form terminal bud full, training needle is dark green, and without pest and disease damage, the semi-lignified germinating branch of robust growth is as fringe bar.Concrete, the long 6cm～9cm of clip, diameter 0.12cm～0.17cm cutting；Fringe bar straight snips, with without broken skin, do not ftracture into degree, the fringe bar following needle of base portion 3cm of erasing.
Preferably, will sieve in step 3) yellow soil, peat soil and perlite (2.5～3.5) by volume: (4.5～5.5): (1.5～2.5) mix homogeneously, obtain Light medium；Or by peat soil and perlite (0.8～1.2) by volume: (0.8～1.2) mixes；Peat soil and baked wheaten cake soil (7～9) by volume: (1.6～2.4) mix；Peat soil and pine forest table soil (6～8) by volume: (2.5～3.5) mix, and obtain Light medium.Wherein, the purpose that substrate soil sieves is to remove the foreign material such as stone, crosses mesh size with 12 orders for the best.
Preferably, will sieve in step 3) yellow soil, peat soil and perlite 3:5:2 mix homogeneously by volume, obtain Light medium.Said ratio is the optimum proportioning preferably gone out.Secondly it is peat soil and perlite 1:1 mix homogeneously by volume, obtains Light medium.Not every proportioning can adapt to the growth of the card West Asia pine of the present invention, such as pressing 1:1 with peat soil and baked wheaten cake soil 1:1 by volume and peat soil and pine forest table soil to mix, the two kinds of seedling mediums alkalescence obtained are strong, and fringe bar is not easily taken root, nursery effect is bad, and survival rate is all relatively low.
Preferably, described container bag is preferably sized to plastic seeding culturing bag or the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 11cm, and it is 4 0.60cm apertures that bore is uniformly beaten in nearly bottom, bag bottom.
Utilize the substrate little nutrient bag for 8cm × 11cm specification of above-mentioned yellow soil, peat soil and perlite 3:5:2 by volume, it is thus achieved that culture effect best, it is achieved that substrate is light, the industrial seedling rearing mode taken root.As a rule, the every plant weight 0.50～0.75 of ordinary nutritional earth bag Seedling, and the every strain of this preferred substrate Seedling only weighs 0.14～0.15；The present invention makes seedling cost be reduced to 0.58 yuan/strain from 0.69 yuan/strain of nutrition earth bag.Therefore, this method reduce seedling cost, improve breeding efficiency, meanwhile, reduce cost of transportation and the labor intensity of afforestation workman.
Preferably, in step 3), seedling medium being filled Seedling bag and is placed on seedbed, before cuttage, 0.5～1d potassium permanganate solution irrigates sterilization, a upper bracket, covers thin film standby.Wherein, seedbed width is preferably container bag 25 bags wide side by side, and length conveniently manages；Potassium permanganate solution is preferably the potassium permanganate solution of 3wt ‰；Support height is preferably 40～50cm；Thin film is preferably LDPE film, and thickness is that 0.10mm, width and length are advisable enough to cover completely bed surface above support.
Preferably, in step 4), the concentration of indolebutyric acid solution is preferably 100～200mg/L, now with the current.
Preferably, in step 4), the concentration of indolebutyric acid solution is preferably 150mg/L, now with the current.
Development of the present invention is preferred ABT1 and two kinds of hormones of indolebutyric acid (IBA), every kind of hormone all includes height totally 8 kinds of concentration, high concentration is 1000,800,600,400mg/L, low concentration is 200,150,100,50mg/L.The effect of IBA is better than ABT1.Preferable range is described above.
Preferably, step 1)～2) operation carry out at nursery field；Step 3)～6) operation carry out in cloudy canopy, the described condition in cloudy canopy is shade density 70～80%, humidity 90～95% and temperature 25～30 DEG C.
Preferably, step 3)～6) in, nutrient bag specification is plastic seeding culturing bag wide for 8cm, plastic seeding culturing bag, and draining aperture is arranged at bag bottom, and cutting time selects at cloudy day or fine day.
Preferably, described Seedling bag is preferably sized to plastic seeding culturing bag or the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 8cm × 11cm, and it is 4 0.60cm apertures that bore is uniformly beaten in nearly bottom, bag bottom.
Preferably, in step 5), fringe bar base portion 3～below 4cm all soaks or dips in and is stained with indolebutyric acid solution mud；The time soaked is preferably 2h.
Preferably, step 5) first inserts an aperture with bamboo let during cuttage in container substrate, cuttage fringe bar is inserted in hole, then it is real to cover soil pressure with hands, the strain of every bag of interpolation one, spray after cuttage is complete or water, covering thin film moisturizing, obtaining the cutting that moisturizing is to be taken root.
Wherein, it is thick that cuttage bamboo let is preferably 0.3～0.5cm, length 10～15cm；During cuttage, bamboo let inserts degree of depth 3cm～4cm in bag, facilitates cutting to insert；Cuttage season the feature according to Yunnan Raining season wooding in 7～August, it is preferable that in JIUYUE～December cutting propagation the previous year, temperature is at 20～28 DEG C, and other season is supplementary；Temperature need to be controlled, fine day should when 11:00 in the morning before, 15:00 in afternoon time after carry out cuttage, the cloudy day can whole day cuttage, the rainy day can not cuttage.
Preferably, in step (6), after cuttage, the seedling of moisturizing in step 5) is carried out first time sterilization by 30～45d, and every 7～10d sterilizes 1 time afterwards, namely stops until there being light green new needle to grow.Disinfectant solution is selected from the potassium permanganate solution of 1.00～1.50wt ‰ thiophanate methyl, Bravo, carbendazim aqueous solution or 2.4～3.6wt ‰.After young leaves grows, sterilization number of times can reduce, and 20～30 days 1 time, concentration is gradually increased, and can need to determine according to work manpower etc., and it is 20 days～30 days 1 time that the present invention preferably sterilizes, and disinfectant solution concentration increases to 3.75wt ‰～6.25wt ‰.50～60d after cuttage, Seedling of taking root is sprayed 1 bio-bacterial manure rich in VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, simultaneously need to attention water and fertilizer management, Jiao Shi low concentration compound fertilizer aqueous solution as required after cuttage 60d, garden afforestation can be gone out as qualified Seedling during height of seedling 18～25cm, it is possible to cutting seedling is cultivated and afforested in rainy season for 6～12 months in good time during semi-annual.
Nursery stock management after described cuttage, fine day needs water spray 2～3 times every day, respectively point in the morning 9,6 pm, can according to circumstances determine for another 1 time, to keep moistening wilting of seedling needle to be as the criterion；When solar irradiation is strong, temperature is higher than 35 DEG C, need on thin film, add a cover sunshade net, need two ends to open when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 40 DEG C aeration-cooling, within 10～17 o'clock, spray water 1 time outside 1 hour film, cloudy day can spray 1 time at 17～18 in afternoon or not spray according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, and the rainy day does not spray.
Preferably, the water management in the seedling stage described in step 6), it is desirable in 30d, uses spraying apparatus to water, and in canopy, air humidity controls 90%～95%, keeps cutting medium to moisten；In 30d～60d canopy, air humidity controls 85%, keeps cutting medium to moisten；60d～90d, available watering can waters, and in canopy, relative humidity reduces to 80%；After 90d, watering according to cutting medium surface dryness it in good time, do not wilt with Seedling as spending, the fine or cloudy day opens thin film seedling exercising, and the rainy day can open the ventilation of thin film two ends.
Described executes low concentration rich water solution, is compound fertilizer's aqueous solution of 0.5～1.0wt ‰, it is preferred to compound fertilizer's aqueous solution of 0.8wt ‰.Wherein, compound fertilizer is preferably containing 1.5wt ‰ N, 1.5wt ‰ compound fertilizer of P and 1.5wt ‰ K.
The described bio-bacterial manure rich in VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, it is preferable that locality, Yunnan producing microbial microbial inoculum is fertile, rich in VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, living bacteria count 0.5～100,000,000/g, 4000 times of diluents spray 1 time in about 55 days in transplanting.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention is propagating materials with the card West Asia pine germ plasm resource early stage preferably strain of domestic not yet spread at present, chooses substrate and the hormone of rational proportion, carry out cutting propagation, achieve the industrial seedling rearing mode that substrate is light, taken root, the every plant weight 0.50～0.75 of ordinary nutritional earth bag Seedling, and the every strain of this preferred substrate Seedling only weighs 0.14～0.15；The present invention makes seedling cost be reduced to 0.58 yuan/strain from 0.69 yuan/strain of nutrition earth bag.Therefore, the method has saved seedling cost, improves breeding efficiency, simultaneously facilitates the surrival rate of afforestation, reduces cost of transportation and afforestation labor intensity.
Namely the card West Asia pine cuttage Seedling of the present invention starts to take root for 50～55 days after cuttage, and compared with existing nutrition earth bag cuttage raise seedling technique, rootage duration shifts to an earlier date 10～15 days, and rootage duration is concentrated；6 monthly average height of seedling 18.78～19.48cm during a large amount of cuttage, average side radical reaches 5.18～6.81/strain, ground footpath 0.360～0.372cm, survival rate is mentioned 85～90% by 42%, number, planting percent and the level of growth of taking root is above local autochthon Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon var. langbianensis (A.Chev) Gaussen, also above other non-optimized conditions card West Asia pine cuttage method for culturing seedlings.
The present invention adopts card West Asia pine fringe bar to carry out cutting seedling cultivation, and after 1 year, breeding coefficient reaches 200～300, belongs to the higher level of cottage propagation, has been maintained with the inherited character of card West Asia pine superior clone；The present invention is easy and simple to handle, equipment requirements is simple, and technology is easily mastered, it is easy to promote, seedling raise period is shorter, cuttage can go out garden afforestation in 6 months, it is possible to cultivates time cultivating large seedling by extending nursery, thus quickly being provided substantial amounts of breeding strong sprout for market by the foundation of this technical system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is short dry platform-type maternal plant signal (A) of card West Asia pine of embodiment 1 and actual pruning figure (B)；
Fig. 2 is the figure of the cuttage fringe bar of embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the figure of the nutrient bag of embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the figure that the pack substrate of embodiment 2 puts into seedbed；
Fig. 5 is the figure of 50 days later card West Asia pine Seedlings of cuttage in embodiment 2；
Fig. 6 is the figure of the card West Asia pine Seedling of 2 months in cuttage the moon canopy in embodiment 2；
Fig. 7 is the figure of cuttage pine nursery, the card West Asia Seedling of 4 months in embodiment 2；
Fig. 8 is the figure of cuttage pine nursery, the card West Asia Seedling of 6 months in embodiment 2；
Fig. 9 is the figure that in embodiment 2, cuttage goes out the garden 6 months raw card West Asia pine Seedlings for afforesting；
Figure 10 is the figure of the 1 year raw card West Asia pine Seedling staying garden cultivating large seedling in embodiment 2 after cuttage.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not limited thereto.
The preparation of embodiment 1 mother plant for cutting source and process, propagating materials
Place: Pu'er, Yunnan, 8～December carries out:
(1) maternal plant source
From the external card West Asia pine superior families seedling plantation introduced, select super seedling or grow excellent nursery stock as maternal plant in seedling stage, be trimmed to short dry type mother plant for cutting；
Described short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting, elite stand height is less than 40cm, and major branch Altitude control is at 10～15cm, and every major branch retains 3～5 side shoots, length less than 10cm, equating maternal plant surface；Being separated by more than 45d between pruning for 2 times, buriing fertilizer 250g/ strain or compound fertilizer's 100g/ strain can promote the second pruning of mother plant for cutting；Cutting again after side shoot diameter increment, until retaining 3 or 4 two grades of side shoots, being trained trunk branch；By using the Chemicals induction rudiment such as potassium permanganate, gibberellins, strengthen water, fertile management, provide enough high-quality cuttings for cottage propagation；
In 1 year, maternal plant resident time is roughly the same with cutting time, all carries out at 8～December, and maternal plant is now prone to field planting or grafting survival, well-grown, meets and adopts bar；Figure 1A is the short dry platform-type maternal plant signal of card West Asia pine is actual pruning figure with 1B.
(2) utilization of mother plant for cutting
Short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting, in illumination fully, nutritional sufficiency time situation next year can adopt bar 2～3 times, bar can be adopted time maximum 4 times, every strain can adopt fringe bar 50～70；After 2nd year, mother plant for cutting can provide fringe article more than 200 articles.
(3) fringe bar prepares
Fringe bar is adopting fringe the last week to mother plant for cutting disinfection, with 3wt ‰ potassium permanganate solution spray disinfectant.
Choosing juvenile form terminal bud on short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting full, training needle is dark green, and without pest and disease damage, the semi-lignified germinating branch of robust growth is as fringe bar, the cutting of long 6cm～9cm, diameter 0.12cm～0.17cm.Fringe bar answers straight snips, with without broken skin, do not ftracture into degree, the fringe bar following needle of base portion 3cm of erasing.Gather once every 60～75d.Namely fringe bar generally takes and namely uses；The figure of cuttage fringe bar is shown in Fig. 2.
(4) conclusion
In this nursery system, card West Asia pine mother plant for cutting adopts short dry platform-type, on average adopts 50～70/strain of fringe bar as a result for 1 time, and by adopting bar 4 times/year, after the 2nd year, mother plant for cutting can provide fringe treaty 200～300 articles/strain. year.
The foundation of 2 one kinds of card West Asia pine cuttage nursery systems of embodiment
Place: Pu'er, Yunnan, 10～December carries out:
(1) preparation of Light medium
It is mixed to get seedling medium according to following proportioning respectively, mixes including a, yellow soil, peat soil and perlite 3:5:2 by volume；B, peat soil and perlite 1:1 by volume mixes；C, peat soil and baked wheaten cake soil are pressed 8:2 and are mixed；D, peat soil and pine forest table soil are pressed 7:3 and are mixed；Contrast additionally, yellow soil does comparison as seedling medium.The purpose that substrate soil sieves is to remove the foreign material such as stone, crosses mesh size with 12 orders for the best.
(2) substrate sterilization
Substrate is got out by proportioning, seedling medium subpackage nutrient bag is placed on seedbed, putting neat with 25 strain one rows, before cuttage, 0.5～1d 3wt ‰ potassium permanganate solution irrigates sterilization, and upper 40～50cm support the ldpe film that lid thickness is 0.10mm are standby；Nutrient bag is 8cm × 11cm plastic seeding culturing bag, has ready conditions and can adopt non-woven fabrics Seedling bag, and it is 0.60cm aperture that 4 bores are uniformly made a call in nearly bottom, bag bottom；Fig. 3 is the figure of nutrient bag；Fig. 4 is the figure that pack substrate puts into seedbed.
(3) preparation hormone
The indolebutyric acid solution of configuration 150mg/L concentration, now with the current；Fringe bar soaks 2h；Additionally, yellow soil substrate is used in comparison, during cuttage, fringe bar only clear water soaks 1-2 hour.
(4) cuttage
Select JIUYUE～December cutting propagation, before during fine day 11:00 in the morning, 15:00 in afternoon time after carry out cuttage, the cloudy day can whole day cuttage, rainy day not cuttage；
Ground point selection carries out in the cloudy canopy of convenient management, shade density 70～80%, humidity 90～95% and temperature 25～30 DEG C in canopy；
First thick with 0.3～0.5cm, 3cm～4cm mono-aperture inserted by length 10～15cm bamboo let in container substrate, and fringe bar is immersed in the indolebutyric acid solution 2h of 150mg/L concentration；It is then inserted in the aperture of matrix container bag, then with hands or bamboo let, soil pressure is covered in fact in fringe bar side, the strain of every bag of interpolation one, spray after cuttage is complete or water, covering thin film moisturizing, obtaining the cutting that moisturizing is to be taken root.
(5) seedling management
After cuttage, the seedling of moisturizing is carried out first time sterilization by 30～45d, and every 7～10d sterilizes 1 time afterwards, namely stops until there being light green new needle to grow.Disinfectant solution is selected from 1.00～1.50wt ‰ thiophanate methyl, Bravo or carbendazim aqueous solution；Preferred concentration is 1.25wt ‰.After young leaves grows, sterilization number of times can reduce, and 20～30 days 1 time, concentration is gradually increased, and can need to determine according to work manpower etc., and it is 20 days～30 days 1 time that the present invention preferably sterilizes, and disinfectant solution concentration increases to 3.75wt ‰～6.25wt ‰.
Nursery stock management after described cuttage, fine day needs water spray 2～3 times every day, respectively point in the morning 9,6 pm, can according to circumstances determine for another 1 time, to keep moistening wilting of seedling needle to be as the criterion；When solar irradiation is strong, temperature is higher than 35 DEG C, need on thin film, add a cover sunshade net, need two ends to open when thin temperature in the shed is higher than 40 DEG C aeration-cooling, within 10～17 o'clock, spray water 1 time outside 1 hour film, cloudy day can spray 1 time at 17～18 in afternoon or not spray according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, and the rainy day does not spray.
Requiring in 30d, use spraying apparatus to water, in canopy, air humidity controls 90%～95%, and cutting medium need to keep moistening but can not hydrops；After 30d, using spraying apparatus to water, in canopy, air humidity controls about 85%, and cutting medium need to keep moistening but can not hydrops；After 60d, available watering can waters, and in canopy, relative humidity gradually reduces to 80%；After 90d, observing whether cutting medium surface dries every afternoon, if large area dries, water in time, now fine day or cloudy day can open thin film white silk Seedling, and the rainy day can also open the ventilation of thin film two ends.In nursery stage, if meeting rainy weather, suitably reducing moisture and supplementing number of times, ground, garden can not hydrops；Fig. 5 is the figure of 50 days later card West Asia pine Seedlings of cuttage.
When card West Asia pine 50～60d, Seedling of taking root spraying 1 bio-bacterial manure rich in VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, described bio-bacterial manure contains bush mycorrhiza agent, is conducive to cutting to form mycorhiza, and promotes its growth and be more easy to and survive；Start to execute compound fertilizer's aqueous solution of 0.8wt ‰ after 60 days, the fringe bar growth after hestening rooting；Fig. 6 is the figure of the cuttage card West Asia pine Seedling of 2 months in cloudy canopy；Fig. 7 is the figure of cuttage pine nursery, the card West Asia Seedling of 4 months；Fig. 8 is the figure of cuttage pine nursery, the card West Asia Seedling of 6 months.
(6) cuttage result
By cultivating after cutting seedling 6 months 15 character desired values, including to a point radical Q, height of seedling H on the ground, root length M, individual plant is fresh weight W on the ground, individual plant root fresh weight L, ground footpath D, height of seedling and ground footpath H × D2, individual plant is dry weight SW on the ground, individual plant root dry weight RW, biomass of individual tree fresh weight GW, biomass of individual tree dry weight DW, aerial stem of plant moisture content SR, subterraneous root moisture content RR, individual plant moisture content P, and survive Seedling when going out garden and add matrix weight BW and investigated and measured, utilize coordinate synthetic method, each character is merged evaluation, and the various substrate composition seedling growth results of result and comparison are contrasted.
Obtain to draw a conclusion: yellow soil, peat soil and perlite 3:5:2 by volume mixes, surviving most useful for cutting and grow, planting percent reaches 85%～90%, and growth comprehensive evaluation value is best, and this substrate composition is the lightest, it is 143.92～151.37g/ bag that 6 months Seedlings go out Seedling bag weight average during garden；Secondly the effect obtained according to volume ratio 1:1 mixed-matrix for peat soil and perlite.IBA hormone 150mg/L concentration soaks fringe bar 2 hours, survives most useful for cutting and grows, and planting percent is 85%～90%, and growth comprehensive evaluation value is best at hormone combination apoplexy due to endogenous wind.
Utilize the nursery stock that the condition of culture cottage breeding of the present embodiment is qualified, cultivate about 6 months, height of seedling 18～25cm, ground footpath 0.20～0.25cm, root growth is good, top needle peak green, terminal bud growth is full, nursery stock stem lignifying, the nursery stock without pest and disease damage and mechanical damage can go out garden, and result is shown in Fig. 9.In Fig. 9, Seedling growing state in nutrient bag when Fig. 9 A is to cultivate 6 months, Fig. 9 B be cultivate 6 months time Seedling under different substrates and hormone combination, remove soil after height of seedling and root system compare, from left to right count, first and third, the process Seedling shape of the optimum proportioning of four strains respectively substrate (yellow soil, peat soil and perlite 3:5:2 by volume mixing) and hormone (150mg/L concentration soaking with IBA fringe bar 2 hours), root system is with the 3rd strain for the best；Remaining second strain and the 5th strain are yellow soil comparison growth Seedling, do not add hormone, and during cuttage, fringe bar only clear water soaks, and the 5th strain is for soaking 1 hour, and the second strain is soaked 2 hours.High-quality seedlings (see figure 10) can be cultivated in nursery by extending the cultivation time.
The foundation of 1 one kinds of card West Asia pine cuttage nursery systems of comparative example
Place: Pu'er, Yunnan, 1～February carries out:
(1) preparation of seedling medium
With the yellow soil that sieves as substrate in nutrient bag, it is added without other any substrate, it is then charged in nutrient bag, put neat, putting neat with 25 strain one rows, before cuttage, 0.5～1d water irrigates, and upper 40～50cm support the ldpe film that lid thickness is 0.10mm are standby, nutrient bag is 11cm × 14cm plastic seeding culturing bag, and it is 4 0.60cm apertures that bore is uniformly beaten in nearly bottom, bag bottom.
(2) cuttage
Select cutting propagation in January～February, before during fine day 11:00 in the morning, 15:00 in afternoon time after carry out cuttage, the cloudy day can whole day cuttage, rainy day not cuttage；Outdoor little nursery field in convenient management carries out；
First thick with 0.3～0.5cm, 3cm～4cm mono-aperture inserted by length 10～15cm bamboo let in container substrate, the fringe bar soaking clear water more than 2 hours is inserted in the aperture of yellow soil matrix container bag, with hands or bamboo let, soil pressure is covered in fact in fringe bar side again, the strain of every bag of interpolation one, spray after cuttage is complete or water, covering thin film moisturizing, obtaining the cutting that moisturizing is to be taken root.
(3) cutting seedling management
In nursery season, become a fine day point in morning 9,6 pm need to water, and makes thin temperature in the shed control in 25～28 DEG C, it is prevented that fringe bar is wilted, and if shady temperature of shed is more than 40 DEG C, waters noon 1 time, need to open film two ends and ventilate, and add a cover sunshade net on film；
30～45d after cuttage, carry out sterilizing for the first time to cutting seedling with the potassium permanganate solution of 3wt ‰, hereafter within 7～10 days, sterilize 1 time, but disinfectant solution can use other type, alternately sterilize including adopting the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution of 1.25wt ‰, the Bravo aqueous solution of 1.25wt ‰ or the carbendazim aqueous solution of 1.25wt ‰.
(4) result after management
Cuttage is taken root after February, and now cutting seedling Seedling has been enter into stable phase and along with root elongation, and side root increases, and gradually forms ripe complete root system, and planting percent can reach about 42%, 5～6 months height of seedling 15～20cm of cuttage, it is possible to go out garden afforestation.
This comparative example, in 1-2 month cuttage, uses big nutrient bag, and substrate adopts yellow soil, and result rootage duration is long, is after 2 months.Additionally, adopt big nutrient bag, soil loading amount improves pack and cost of transportation, and during nursery, floor space increase can cause that nursery amount reduces accordingly.
The foundation of 2 one kinds of card West Asia pine cuttage nursery systems of comparative example
Place: Pu'er, Yunnan, 10~November carries out:
(1) preparation of seedling medium
With the yellow soil that sieves as substrate in nutrient bag, it is added without other any substrate, it is then charged in nutrient bag, put neat, putting neat with 25 strain one rows, before cuttage, 0.5～1 day use water irrigates, and upper 40～50cm support the ldpe film that lid thickness is 0.10mm are standby, nutrient bag is 8cm × 11cm plastic seeding culturing bag, and it is 0.60cm aperture that 4 bores are uniformly made a call in nearly bottom, bag bottom；
(2) cuttage
Select JIUYUE～December cutting propagation, before during fine day 11:00 in the morning, 15:00 in afternoon time after carry out cuttage, the cloudy day can whole day cuttage, rainy day not cuttage；Outdoor little nursery field in convenient management carries out；
First thick with 0.3～0.5cm, 3cm～4cm mono-aperture inserted by length 10～15cm bamboo let in container substrate, the fringe bar soaking clear water more than 1 hour is inserted in the aperture of yellow soil matrix container bag, with hands or bamboo let, soil pressure is covered in fact in fringe bar side again, the strain of every bag of interpolation one, spray after cuttage is complete or water, covering thin film moisturizing, obtaining the cutting that moisturizing is to be taken root.
(3) cutting seedling management
In nursery season, become a fine day point in morning 9,6 pm need to water, and makes thin temperature in the shed control in 25～28 DEG C, it is prevented that fringe bar is wilted, and when shady temperature of shed is more than 40 DEG C, waters noon 1 time, need to open film two ends and ventilate, and add a cover sunshade net on film；
30～45d after cuttage, carry out sterilizing for the first time to cutting seedling with the potassium permanganate solution of 3wt ‰, but disinfectant solution can use other type, alternately sterilize including adopting the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution of 1.25wt ‰, the Bravo aqueous solution of 1.25wt ‰ or the carbendazim aqueous solution of 1.25wt ‰.
(4) result after management
Cuttage is taken root after 55 days, and now cutting seedling has been enter into stable phase and along with root elongation, and side root increases, and gradually forms ripe complete root system, and planting percent can reach about 50%, and 5～6 months heights of seedling of cuttage reach 15～20cm, it is possible to go out garden afforestation.
This comparative example is in 10-11 month cuttage, uses little nutrient bag, and substrate adopts yellow soil, and rootage duration is slightly shorter, is more than 55 days.
In sum:By embodiment 2 and comparative example 1,2 are compared, comparative example 1, in 1-2 month cuttage, uses big nutrient bag, substrate employing yellow soil, and result rootage duration is long, is after 2 months；Comparative example 2, in 10-11 month cuttage, uses little nutrient bag, and substrate adopts yellow soil, and rootage duration is slightly shorter, is more than 55 days；Embodiment 2, in 10-12 month cuttage, uses little nutrient bag, and by the preferred substrate of the present invention and proportioning, rootage duration is 50-55 days, is 50 days the soonest.From the fastest and the slowest rootage duration, the inventive method cultivates card West Asia pine can do sth. in advance 10-15 days by its Rapid Rooting.
In addition, yellow soil adds cutting do not process the method for cuttage and change into cuttage after the preferred substrate of the embodiment of the present invention 2 and proportioning, fringe bar mainly survives index such as rootage duration and was taken root ahead of time by 50～55 days by 60～65 days, average side radical is brought up to 5.18～6.81/strain by 3.59～3.97/strain, average height of seedling is brought up to 18.78～19.48cm by 16.32～16.46cm, footpath is brought up to 0.253～0.289cm by 0.197～0.221cm fifty-fifty, planting percent is brought up to 85～90% by 42%, planting percent and level of growth are higher than local autochthon Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon var. langbianensis (A.Chev) Gaussen, card West Asia pine cuttage method for culturing seedlings also above other non-optimized conditions.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are also not restricted to the described embodiments; the change made under other any spirit without departing from the present invention and principle, modification, replacement, combination, simplification; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for building up of a card West Asia pine cuttage nursery system, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) pruning of mother plant for cutting: be trimmed to by mother plant for cutting short dry platform-type, elite stand height is less than 40cm, and major branch Altitude control is at 10～15cm, and every major branch retains 3～5 side shoots, length less than 10cm, equating maternal plant surface；It is separated by more than 45d between pruning for 2 times；
2) preparation of propagating materials: choose fringe bar on short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting；
3) Light media preparation, pack and sterilization: yellow soil, peat soil, perlite, pine forest table soil and at least two burnt in soil are mixed to get Light medium；And load Seedling bag, sterilize before cuttage；
4) hormone preparation: the indolebutyric acid solution of configuration 50～1000mg/L concentration, now with the current；
5) cuttage: by step 2) in after fringe bar is immersed in the hormone solution of step 4) 1～4 hour, inserting step 3) in equipped with in the Seedling bag of Light medium；
6) seedling management: carry out seedling management, carry out disinfection in good time, goes out garden afforestation during height of seedling 18～25cm.
2. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cultivation place is the southern subtropical climate zone in south, Yunnan Province, and the place of height above sea level 800～1600m, the cutting propagation time is JIUYUE～December, and temperature is the season of 20～28 DEG C.
3. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the short dry platform-type mother plant for cutting described in step 1) is cut after side shoot diameter increment again, until retaining 3 or 4 two grades of side shoots, is trained trunk branch.
4. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2) in, when fringe bar juvenile form semi-lignified, the long 6cm～9cm of clip, diameter 0.12cm～0.17cm cutting；Fringe bar straight snips, with without broken skin, do not ftracture into degree, the fringe bar following needle of base portion 3cm of erasing.
5. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: by yellow soil, peat soil and perlite (2.5～3.5) by volume in step 3): (4.5～5.5): (1.5～2.5) mix homogeneously；By peat soil and perlite (0.8～1.2) by volume: (0.8～1.2) mixes；By peat soil and baked wheaten cake soil (7～9) by volume: (1.6～2.4) mix；Or by peat soil and pine forest table soil (6～8) by volume: (2.5～3.5) mix, and obtain Light medium.
6. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1)～2) operation carry out at nursery field；Step 3)～6) operation carry out in cloudy canopy, the condition of described cloudy canopy is shade density 70～80%, humidity 90～95% and temperature 25～30 DEG C.
7. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3)～6) in nutrient bag specification be plastic seeding culturing bag wide for 7～9cm or non-woven fabrics Seedling bag, draining aperture is arranged at bag bottom, after during before when cutting time is the morning 11 or afternoon 15.
8. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Seedling, when 50～60 days of seedling management, is executed and is watered the bio-bacterial manure rich in VA Mycorrhizal Fungi by step 6).
9. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 6), sterilization disinfectant solution is selected from potassium permanganate, thiophanate methyl, Bravo or carbendazim aqueous solution.
10. method for building up according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 6) seedling management, use spraying apparatus to water in 30d, in canopy, air humidity controls 90%～95%, keeps cutting medium to moisten；During 30d～60d, in canopy, air humidity controls 85%, keeps cutting medium to moisten；During 60d～90d, in canopy, relative humidity is not less than 80%；After 90d, watering according to cutting medium surface dryness it in good time, do not wilt with Seedling as spending, the fine or cloudy day opens thin film seedling exercising, and the rainy day opens the ventilation of thin film two ends.
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